Economic Indicators Jobs and unemployment

Every month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics releases a report on the employment situation for the previous month. Their release includes data on job growth, unemployment, and wage growth, which gives us a snapshot of the health of the economy and whether it’s working for ordinary Americans.

Key numbers • January

4.0% National unemployment rate
143,000 Net jobs in January
80.7% Share of prime working-age population with a job
6,777,000 Number of jobs gained since February 2020

January

Jobs report: Significant revisions to labor market data don’t change underlying story of a strong economy

By EPI Staff • February 7, 2025 Next update: March 7th, 2025

Below, EPI senior economist Elise Gould offers her insights on today’s release of the jobs report for January. Read the full thread here.

First jobs #NumbersDay on the 2025 economy for #EconSky data watchers!!!

The U.S. labor market started the year by adding 143k jobs as the unemployment rate ticked down to 4.0%. As with much of the last year, there were significant gains in health care and social assistance employment in January.

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— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) February 7, 2025 at 7:39 AM

Some caution should be used in making comparisons across time because of survey revisions.

The establishment survey was revised for January and prior months to reflect the annual benchmarking process. The household survey’s updated population estimates are reflected only in January 2025.

#EconSky

— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) February 7, 2025 at 7:46 AM

BLS experts provide useful information on how to interpret changes across time. After removing the population controls, we can get a read on what changed between December 2024 and January 2025. The unemployment rate dropped 0.2pps while labor force participation and the employment rate held steady.

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— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) February 7, 2025 at 7:51 AM

The establishment survey is revised monthly to reflect updated estimates. For instance, Nov and Dec jobs were revised up 100k using additional data from employers/governments. The annual revisions to the survey reflect benchmarking to the unemployment insurance administrative records for March 2024:

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— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) February 7, 2025 at 8:01 AM

The household survey makes adjustments to the population controls just for January 2025 so it makes it difficult to say what happened to the unemployment rate for Black workers between Dec and Jan (let alone the usual volatility), but I interpret the tables to indicate there was no change.

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— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) February 7, 2025 at 8:20 AM

While there is some volatility in the month-to-month numbers, year-over-year nominal wage growth held steady for January 2025, rising 4.1% over the year. Nominal wage growth remains consistent with productivity growth and the Fed inflation targets.
#NumbersDay #EconSky

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— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) February 7, 2025 at 8:28 AM

Nominal wage growth of 4.1% is consistent with the Fed’s 2% inflation target and productivity growth but not strong enough to claw back the loss of labor’s share over the pandemic recovery. Still lots of room for wages to rise without putting upward pressure on Fed’s target. #EconSky #NumbersDay

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— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) February 7, 2025 at 8:48 AM

Want to see more data? Head on over to @epi.org's new State of Working America data repository where you can find comprehensive data on jobs, wages, unions, productivity, prices, and inequality by demographic groups and geography.
#EconSky #NumbersDay
data.epi.org

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— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) February 7, 2025 at 9:08 AM

 

Charting jobs and unemployment

Current Employment Statistics Charts

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, also known as the establishment survey, is a monthly survey administered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) which provides estimates of employment, hours, and earnings based on payroll records of approximately 131,000 businesses and government agencies. 

Jobs day

Monthly change in payroll employment, January 2020–January 2025

Date Change in Employment
Jan-2020 236
Feb-2020 261
Mar-2020 -1397
Apr-2020 -20471
May-2020 2616
Jun-2020 4631
Jul-2020 1584
Aug-2020 1564
Sep-2020 951
Oct-2020 691
Nov-2020 270
Dec-2020 -183
Jan-2021 365
Feb-2021 509
Mar-2021 824
Apr-2021 365
May-2021 421
Jun-2021 796
Jul-2021 931
Aug-2021 487
Sep-2021 466
Oct-2021 857
Nov-2021 637
Dec-2021 575
Jan-2022 225
Feb-2022 869
Mar-2022 471
Apr-2022 305
May-2022 241
Jun-2022 461
Jul-2022 696
Aug-2022 237
Sep-2022 227
Oct-2022 400
Nov-2022 297
Dec-2022 126
Jan-2023 444
Feb-2023 306
Mar-2023 85
Apr-2023 216
May-2023 227
Jun-2023 257
Jul-2023 148
Aug-2023 157
Sep-2023 158
Oct-2023 186
Nov-2023 141
Dec-2023 269
Jan-2024 119
Feb-2024 222
Mar-2024 246
Apr-2024 118
May-2024 193
Jun-2024 87
Jul-2024 88
Aug-2024 71
Sep-2024 240
Oct-2024 44
Nov-2024 261
Dec-2024 307
Jan-2025 143

 

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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics public data series.

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Figure

Federal fiscal relief at the scale of the problem led to a faster recovery from the pandemic recession: Private-sector employment change since business cycle peak, December 2007 and February 2020

Months since peak 2007 2020
1 100.0 100.0
2 100.0 98.9
3 99.9 83.8
4 99.8 86.3
5 99.6 89.8
6 99.4 91.0
7 99.3 91.8
8 99.1 92.6
9 98.8 93.2
10 98.5 93.5
11 98.0 93.4
12 97.4 93.6
13 96.8 94.0
14 96.1 94.6
15 95.4 94.8
16 94.8 95.1
17 94.1 95.7
18 93.8 96.3
19 93.5 96.7
20 93.2 97.1
21 93.0 97.8
22 92.9 98.2
23 92.7 98.7
24 92.7 98.9
25 92.5 99.5
26 92.5 99.9
27 92.4 100.1
28 92.5 100.3
29 92.7 100.6
30 92.8 101.0
31 92.9 101.2
32 93.0 101.4
33 93.1 101.7
34 93.2 101.9
35 93.4 102.0
36 93.5 102.2
37 93.6 102.4
38 93.6 102.4
39 93.8 102.6
40 94.0 102.7
41 94.3 102.8
42 94.4 102.9
43 94.6 103.0
44 94.8 103.1
45 94.9 103.2
46 95.1 103.2
47 95.3 103.4
48 95.4 103.4
49 95.6 103.6
50 95.9 103.7
51 96.2 103.8
52 96.4 103.9
53 96.4 104.0
54 96.6 104.0
55 96.6 104.0
56 96.7 104.2
57 96.9 104.2
58 97.0 104.4
59 97.2 104.6
60 97.4 104.7
61 97.6
62 97.7
63 98.0
64 98.1
65 98.3
66 98.5
67 98.6
68 98.8
69 99.0
70 99.1
71 99.3
72 99.5
73 99.6
74 99.8
75 99.9
76 100.1
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Figure

Percent change in payrolls since February 2020, for all private and state and local government employment

 

date Total private-sector employment State and local government employment
Feb-2020 0.0% 0.0%
Mar-2020 -1.1% -0.2%
Apr-2020 -16.2% -4.8%
May-2020 -13.7% -7.4%
Jun-2020 -10.2% -7.4%
Jul-2020 -9.0% -7.0%
Aug-2020 -8.2% -5.8%
Sep-2020 -7.4% -6.0%
Oct-2020 -6.8% -5.9%
Nov-2020 -6.5% -6.0%
Dec-2020 -6.6% -6.1%
Jan-2021 -6.4% -5.5%
Feb-2021 -6.0% -5.6%
Mar-2021 -5.4% -5.1%
Apr-2021 -5.2% -4.9%
May-2021 -4.9% -4.9%
Jun-2021 -4.3% -4.4%
Jul-2021 -3.7% -4.2%
Aug-2021 -3.3% -3.9%
Sep-2021 -2.9% -4.0%
Oct-2021 -2.2% -4.2%
Nov-2021 -1.8% -4.2%
Dec-2021 -1.3% -4.0%
Jan-2022 -1.1% -4.1%
Feb-2022 -0.5% -4.2%
Mar-2022 -0.1% -4.1%
Apr-2022 0.1% -3.9%
May-2022 0.3% -3.8%
Jun-2022 0.6% -3.6%
Jul-2022 1.0% -2.9%
Aug-2022 1.2% -3.0%
Sep-2022 1.4% -2.9%
Oct-2022 1.7% -2.8%
Nov-2022 1.9% -2.5%
Dec-2022 2.0% -2.5%
Jan-2023 2.2% -2.0%
Feb-2023 2.4% -1.7%
Mar-2023 2.4% -1.6%
Apr-2023 2.6% -1.4%
May-2023 2.7% -1.1%
Jun-2023 2.8% -0.7%
Jul-2023 2.9% -0.5%
Aug-2023 3.0% -0.4%
Sep-2023 3.1% 0.0%
Oct-2023 3.2% 0.3%
Nov-2023 3.2% 0.5%
Dec-2023 3.4% 0.7%
Jan-2024 3.4% 0.9%
Feb-2024 3.6% 1.2%
Mar-2024 3.7% 1.5%
Apr-2024 3.8% 1.5%
May-2024 3.9% 1.6%
Jun-2024 4.0% 1.7%
Jul-2024 4.0% 2.0%
Aug-2024 4.0% 2.1%
Sep-2024 4.2% 2.3%
Oct-2024 4.2% 2.5%
Nov-2024 4.4% 2.6%
Dec-2024 4.6% 2.7%
Jan-2025 4.7% 2.8%
ChartData Download data

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Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Current Employment Statistics, Establishment Survey (CES) public data series.

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Figure

Employment change by industry (thousands) between December 2024 and January 2025

Industry Employment change, one month
Health care and social assistance 66
Retail services 34
Government 32
Other services 17
Financial activities 7
Construction 4
Manufacturing 3
Wholesale trade 2
Information 2
Transportation and warehousing 1
Utilities 0
Leisure and hospitality -3
Educational services -4
Mining and logging -7
Professional and business services -11
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Figure

Employment change by industry since February 2020: All employees (thousands), seasonally adjusted, January 2025

Industry Employment change since February 2020
Health care and social assistance 2239
Professional and business services 1115
Transportation and warehousing 934
Government 733
Construction 681
Financial activities 349
Wholesale trade 287
Educational services 179
Leisure and hospitality 89
Other services 87
Retail services 55
Utilities 46
Information 35
Manufacturing 18
Mining and logging -69
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Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Current Employment Statistics, Establishment Survey (CES) public data series.

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Nominal Wage Tracker

Year-over-year change in private-sector nominal average hourly earnings, 2007–2025

date All nonfarm employees Production/nonsupervisory workers
Mar-2007 3.4% 4.1%
Apr-2007 3.1% 3.8%
May-2007 3.5% 4.1%
Jun-2007 3.6% 4.2%
Jul-2007 3.3% 4.1%
Aug-2007 3.3% 4.0%
Sep-2007 3.1% 4.0%
Oct-2007 3.1% 3.8%
Nov-2007 3.1% 3.8%
Dec-2007 2.9% 3.8%
Jan-2008 3.0% 3.7%
Feb-2008 2.8% 3.8%
Mar-2008 3.0% 3.8%
Apr-2008 2.9% 3.7%
May-2008 3.0% 3.7%
Jun-2008 2.7% 3.6%
Jul-2008 3.1% 3.7%
Aug-2008 3.3% 3.9%
Sep-2008 3.2% 3.7%
Oct-2008 3.3% 3.8%
Nov-2008 3.6% 3.9%
Dec-2008 3.6% 3.9%
Jan-2009 3.6% 3.7%
Feb-2009 3.4% 3.6%
Mar-2009 3.3% 3.5%
Apr-2009 3.3% 3.4%
May-2009 3.0% 3.1%
Jun-2009 2.9% 2.9%
Jul-2009 2.7% 2.7%
Aug-2009 2.4% 2.7%
Sep-2009 2.5% 2.7%
Oct-2009 2.5% 2.7%
Nov-2009 2.2% 2.7%
Dec-2009 1.9% 2.5%
Jan-2010 2.0% 2.7%
Feb-2010 2.1% 2.5%
Mar-2010 1.8% 2.2%
Apr-2010 1.8% 2.4%
May-2010 1.9% 2.6%
Jun-2010 1.8% 2.5%
Jul-2010 1.8% 2.4%
Aug-2010 1.8% 2.4%
Sep-2010 1.8% 2.2%
Oct-2010 2.0% 2.5%
Nov-2010 1.7% 2.2%
Dec-2010 1.8% 2.0%
Jan-2011 2.0% 2.4%
Feb-2011 1.9% 2.1%
Mar-2011 1.8% 2.1%
Apr-2011 1.9% 2.1%
May-2011 2.0% 2.1%
Jun-2011 2.1% 2.0%
Jul-2011 2.3% 2.3%
Aug-2011 2.0% 1.9%
Sep-2011 2.0% 2.0%
Oct-2011 2.0% 1.9%
Nov-2011 2.0% 1.8%
Dec-2011 2.0% 1.8%
Jan-2012 1.7% 1.3%
Feb-2012 1.8% 1.5%
Mar-2012 2.1% 1.7%
Apr-2012 2.1% 1.7%
May-2012 1.8% 1.3%
Jun-2012 2.0% 1.5%
Jul-2012 1.7% 1.4%
Aug-2012 1.8% 1.4%
Sep-2012 1.9% 1.5%
Oct-2012 1.6% 1.2%
Nov-2012 1.9% 1.5%
Dec-2012 2.2% 1.7%
Jan-2013 2.2% 1.8%
Feb-2013 2.1% 2.0%
Mar-2013 1.9% 1.8%
Apr-2013 2.1% 1.8%
May-2013 2.1% 1.9%
Jun-2013 2.1% 2.1%
Jul-2013 2.0% 2.0%
Aug-2013 2.3% 2.2%
Sep-2013 2.1% 2.2%
Oct-2013 2.2% 2.3%
Nov-2013 2.2% 2.3%
Dec-2013 1.9% 2.2%
Jan-2014 2.0% 2.3%
Feb-2014 2.3% 2.6%
Mar-2014 2.2% 2.5%
Apr-2014 2.0% 2.3%
May-2014 2.1% 2.4%
Jun-2014 2.1% 2.3%
Jul-2014 2.1% 2.3%
Aug-2014 2.2% 2.4%
Sep-2014 2.0% 2.2%
Oct-2014 2.0% 2.2%
Nov-2014 2.1% 2.3%
Dec-2014 1.8% 1.8%
Jan-2015 2.1% 2.0%
Feb-2015 1.9% 1.6%
Mar-2015 2.2% 2.0%
Apr-2015 2.3% 2.0%
May-2015 2.3% 2.1%
Jun-2015 2.1% 2.0%
Jul-2015 2.1% 2.0%
Aug-2015 2.2% 2.1%
Sep-2015 2.3% 2.0%
Oct-2015 2.5% 2.4%
Nov-2015 2.4% 2.1%
Dec-2015 2.5% 2.5%
Jan-2016 2.5% 2.5%
Feb-2016 2.4% 2.4%
Mar-2016 2.4% 2.3%
Apr-2016 2.6% 2.6%
May-2016 2.4% 2.3%
Jun-2016 2.6% 2.5%
Jul-2016 2.8% 2.6%
Aug-2016 2.5% 2.4%
Sep-2016 2.6% 2.6%
Oct-2016 2.8% 2.5%
Nov-2016 2.6% 2.4%
Dec-2016 2.7% 2.5%
Jan-2017 2.4% 2.3%
Feb-2017 2.7% 2.4%
Mar-2017 2.6% 2.3%
Apr-2017 2.5% 2.2%
May-2017 2.5% 2.3%
Jun-2017 2.5% 2.3%
Jul-2017 2.6% 2.3%
Aug-2017 2.6% 2.4%
Sep-2017 2.8% 2.5%
Oct-2017 2.3% 2.2%
Nov-2017 2.4% 2.3%
Dec-2017 2.7% 2.5%
Jan-2018 2.8% 2.6%
Feb-2018 2.6% 2.7%
Mar-2018 2.9% 2.8%
Apr-2018 2.8% 2.7%
May-2018 2.9% 2.9%
Jun-2018 3.0% 2.9%
Jul-2018 2.8% 2.8%
Aug-2018 3.1% 3.0%
Sep-2018 3.1% 3.0%
Oct-2018 3.3% 3.2%
Nov-2018 3.4% 3.5%
Dec-2018 3.5% 3.6%
Jan-2019 3.2% 3.4%
Feb-2019 3.6% 3.5%
Mar-2019 3.5% 3.6%
Apr-2019 3.2% 3.5%
May-2019 3.3% 3.5%
Jun-2019 3.4% 3.6%
Jul-2019 3.4% 3.7%
Aug-2019 3.4% 3.7%
Sep-2019 3.1% 3.6%
Oct-2019 3.1% 3.7%
Nov-2019 3.3% 3.7%
Dec-2019 3.0% 3.1%
Jan-2020 3.1% 3.3%
Feb-2020 3.0% 3.4%
Mar-2020 3.5% 3.6%
Apr-2020 8.0% 7.8%
May-2020 6.7% 6.9%
Jun-2020 5.1% 5.6%
Jul-2020 4.9% 4.8%
Aug-2020 4.8% 5.1%
Sep-2020 4.8% 4.8%
Oct-2020 4.6% 4.6%
Nov-2020 4.5% 4.6%
Dec-2020 5.4% 5.6%
Jan-2021 5.2% 5.3%
Feb-2021 5.3% 5.2%
Mar-2021 4.5% 4.9%
Apr-2021 0.7% 1.5%
May-2021 2.3% 2.8%
Jun-2021 3.9% 4.1%
Jul-2021 4.3% 5.1%
Aug-2021 4.4% 5.2%
Sep-2021 4.9% 6.0%
Oct-2021 5.5% 6.5%
Nov-2021 5.4% 6.6%
Dec-2021 5.0% 6.4%
Jan-2022 5.7% 6.9%
Feb-2022 5.3% 6.8%
Mar-2022 5.9% 7.0%
Apr-2022 5.8% 6.9%
May-2022 5.6% 6.7%
Jun-2022 5.4% 6.7%
Jul-2022 5.5% 6.5%
Aug-2022 5.4% 6.2%
Sep-2022 5.1% 5.9%
Oct-2022 5.0% 5.8%
Nov-2022 5.1% 5.9%
Dec-2022 4.9% 5.5%
Jan-2023 4.6% 5.2%
Feb-2023 4.7% 5.4%
Mar-2023 4.6% 5.4%
Apr-2023 4.7% 5.2%
May-2023 4.6% 5.1%
Jun-2023 4.7% 5.0%
Jul-2023 4.7% 5.0%
Aug-2023 4.5% 4.8%
Sep-2023 4.5% 4.7%
Oct-2023 4.3% 4.6%
Nov-2023 4.3% 4.6%
Dec-2023 4.3% 4.5%
Jan-2024 4.4% 4.7%
Feb-2024 4.3%  4.5%
Mar-2024 4.1% 4.2%
Apr-2024 3.9% 4.0%
May-2024 4.0% 4.0%
Jun-2024 3.8% 4.0%
Jul-2024 3.6% 3.9%
Aug-2024 3.9%  4.0%
Sep-2024 3.9% 4.0%
Oct-2024 4.1% 4.2%
Nov-2024 4.2% 4.1%
Dec-2024 4.1% 4.1%
Jan-2025 4.1% 4.2%

 

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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics public data series. 

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Jobs day

Nominal wage growth in average hourly earnings for all workers, year over year change, three-month change annualized, and one-month change annualized

date Year-over-year change Three-month change, annualized One-month change, annualized 
Jan-2019 3.2% 3.3% 1.8%
Feb-2019 3.6% 4.0% 5.3%
Mar-2019 3.5% 3.7% 4.0%
Apr-2019 3.2% 2.8% -0.9%
May-2019 3.3% 2.2% 3.5%
Jun-2019 3.4% 2.2% 3.9%
Jul-2019 3.4% 3.5% 3.0%
Aug-2019 3.4% 3.9% 4.8%
Sep-2019 3.1% 3.2% 1.7%
Oct-2019 3.1% 3.0% 2.6%
Nov-2019 3.3% 3.2% 5.2%
Dec-2019 3.0% 2.9% 0.8%
Jan-2020 3.1% 3.0% 3.0%
Feb-2020 3.0% 2.9% 4.7%
Mar-2020 3.5% 5.8% 9.6%
Apr-2020 8.0% 24.0% 65.9%
May-2020 6.7% 17.4% -11.0%
Jun-2020 5.1% 8.8% -12.9%
Jul-2020 4.9% -8.1% 0.0%
Aug-2020 4.8% -3.2% 4.2%
Sep-2020 4.8% 1.8% 1.2%
Oct-2020 4.6% 2.2% 1.2%
Nov-2020 4.5% 2.1% 3.7%
Dec-2020 5.4% 5.4% 11.5%
Jan-2021 5.2% 5.4% 1.2%
Feb-2021 5.3% 5.9% 5.3%
Mar-2021 4.5% 2.2% 0.0%
Apr-2021 0.7% 3.8% 6.2%
May-2021 2.3% 4.5% 7.4%
Jun-2021 3.9% 6.5% 6.1%
Jul-2021 4.3% 6.0% 4.4%
Aug-2021 4.4% 5.1% 4.8%
Sep-2021 4.9% 5.5% 7.3%
Oct-2021 5.5% 6.7% 8.0%
Nov-2021 5.4% 6.3% 3.5%
Dec-2021 5.0% 5.9% 6.3%
Jan-2022 5.7% 6.3% 9.2%
Feb-2022 5.3% 5.4% 0.8%
Mar-2022 5.9% 5.7% 7.4%
Apr-2022 5.8% 4.1% 4.2%
May-2022 5.6% 5.5% 5.0%
Jun-2022 5.4% 4.6% 4.6%
Jul-2022 5.5% 4.8% 5.0%
Aug-2022 5.4% 4.6% 4.2%
Sep-2022 5.1% 4.3% 3.8%
Oct-2022 5.0% 4.7% 6.1%
Nov-2022 5.1% 4.9% 4.9%
Dec-2022 4.9% 5.0% 4.1%
Jan-2023 4.6% 4.6% 4.8%
Feb-2023 4.7% 4.0% 2.9%
Mar-2023 4.6% 4.6% 5.9%
Apr-2023 4.7% 4.6% 4.8%
May-2023 4.6% 4.8% 3.6%
Jun-2023 4.7% 4.8% 5.9%
Jul-2023 4.7% 4.9% 5.1%
Aug-2023 4.5% 4.5% 2.5%
Sep-2023 4.5% 3.7% 3.6%
Oct-2023 4.3% 3.1% 3.2%
Nov-2023 4.3% 3.8% 4.7%
Dec-2023 4.3% 3.9% 3.9%
Jan-2024 4.4% 4.9% 6.1%
Feb-2024 4.3% 3.9%  1.8%
Mar-2024 4.1% 4.1%  4.6% 
Apr-2024 3.9% 2.8% 2.1% 
May-2024 4.0% 3.8% 4.6%
Jun-2024 3.8% 3.5% 3.9% 
Jul-2024 3.6% 3.7% 2.8%
Aug-2024 3.9% 4.0% 5.3%
Sep-2024 3.9% 3.9% 3.8%
Oct-2024 4.1% 4.8% 5.2%
Nov-2024 4.2% 4.4% 4.5%
Dec-2024 4.1% 4.3% 3.1%
Jan-2025 4.1% 4.5% 5.9%
ChartData Download data

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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics public data series

 

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Jobs Day - CPI

Real wages rise as prices decelerate faster than nominal wage growth: Year-over-year changes in nominal wages, inflation, and real (inflation-adjusted) wages, 2019 to 2025

date Nominal wage growth Real wage growth Inflation
2019-01-01 3.3% 1.7% 1.6%
2019-02-01 3.6% 2.0% 1.5%
2019-03-01 3.4% 1.5% 1.9%
2019-04-01 3.3% 1.2% 2.0%
2019-05-01 3.3% 1.5% 1.8%
2019-06-01 3.4% 1.8% 1.6%
2019-07-01 3.4% 1.6% 1.8%
2019-08-01 3.4% 1.6% 1.7%
2019-09-01 3.1% 1.3% 1.7%
2019-10-01 3.1% 1.4% 1.8%
2019-11-01 3.3% 1.2% 2.1%
2019-12-01 3.0% 0.7% 2.3%
2020-01-01 3.0% 0.5% 2.5%
2020-02-01 3.1% 0.7% 2.3%
2020-03-01 3.5% 1.9% 1.5%
2020-04-01 8.1% 7.7% 0.3%
2020-05-01 6.6% 6.5% 0.1%
2020-06-01 5.1% 4.4% 0.6%
2020-07-01 4.9% 3.8% 1.0%
2020-08-01 4.8% 3.5% 1.3%
2020-09-01 4.8% 3.4% 1.4%
2020-10-01 4.7% 3.5% 1.2%
2020-11-01 4.6% 3.4% 1.2%
2020-12-01 5.4% 4.0% 1.4%
2021-01-01 5.2% 3.8% 1.4%
2021-02-01 5.4% 3.6% 1.7%
2021-03-01 4.5% 1.9% 2.6%
2021-04-01 0.6% -3.4% 4.2%
2021-05-01 2.3% -2.5% 5.0%
2021-06-01 4.0% -1.3% 5.4%
2021-07-01 4.3% -1.0% 5.4%
2021-08-01 4.4% -0.8% 5.3%
2021-09-01 4.9% -0.5% 5.4%
2021-10-01 5.4% -0.8% 6.2%
2021-11-01 5.4% -1.3% 6.8%
2021-12-01 5.0% -1.9% 7.0%
2022-01-01 5.7% -1.7% 7.5%
2022-02-01 5.3% -2.4% 7.9%
2022-03-01 5.9% -2.4% 8.5%
2022-04-01 5.7% -2.3% 8.3%
2022-05-01 5.6% -2.8% 8.6%
2022-06-01 5.4% -3.4% 9.1%
2022-07-01 5.5% -2.8% 8.5%
2022-08-01 5.4% -2.7% 8.3%
2022-09-01 5.1% -2.8% 8.2%
2022-10-01 5.0% -2.6% 7.7%
2022-11-01 5.1% -1.9% 7.1%
2022-12-01 4.9% -1.4% 6.5%
2023-01-01 4.5% -1.8% 6.4%
2023-02-01 4.7% -1.2% 6.0%
2023-03-01 4.6% -0.4% 5.0%
2023-04-01 4.6% -0.3% 4.9%
2023-05-01 4.4% 0.4% 4.0%
2023-06-01 4.6% 1.6% 3.0%
2023-07-01 4.6% 1.4% 3.2%
2023-08-01 4.5% 0.8% 3.7%
2023-09-01 4.4% 0.7% 3.7%
2023-10-01 4.2% 0.9% 3.2%
2023-11-01 4.1% 0.9% 3.1%
2023-12-01 4.1% 0.7% 3.4%
2024-01-01 4.3% 1.2% 3.1%
2024-02-01 4.2% 1.0% 3.2%
2024-03-01 4.2% 0.7% 3.5%
2024-04-01 4.0% 0.6% 3.4%
2024-05-01 4.1% 0.8% 3.3%
2024-06-01 3.9% 0.9% 3.0%
2024-07-01 3.6% 0.7% 2.9%
2024-08-01 4.0% 1.4% 2.5%
2024-09-01 3.9% 1.5% 2.4%
2024-10-01 4.1% 1.5% 2.6%
2024-11-01 4.2% 1.4% 2.7%
2024-12-01 4.1% 1.1% 2.9%
2025-01-01 4.1% 1.0% 3.0%
ChartData Download data

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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics and Consumer Price Index public data series.

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Current Population Survey Charts

The Current Population Survey (CPS), also known as the household survey, is sponsored jointly by the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Each month, it provides data on the labor force, employment, unemployment, persons not in the labor force, hours of work, earnings, and other demographic and labor force characteristics. 

Jobs Day

Employment-to-population ratio of workers ages 25–54, 1989–2025

date Employment to population ratio
Jan-1989 80.0%
Feb-1989 79.9%
Mar-1989 79.9%
Apr-1989 79.8%
May-1989 79.8%
Jun-1989 79.8%
Jul-1989 79.8%
Aug-1989 79.9%
Sep-1989 80.0%
Oct-1989 79.9%
Nov-1989 80.2%
Dec-1989 80.1%
Jan-1990 80.2%
Feb-1990 80.2%
Mar-1990 80.1%
Apr-1990 79.9%
May-1990 79.9%
Jun-1990 79.8%
Jul-1990 79.6%
Aug-1990 79.5%
Sep-1990 79.4%
Oct-1990 79.4%
Nov-1990 79.2%
Dec-1990 79.0%
Jan-1991 78.9%
Feb-1991 78.9%
Mar-1991 78.7%
Apr-1991 79.0%
May-1991 78.6%
Jun-1991 78.7%
Jul-1991 78.6%
Aug-1991 78.5%
Sep-1991 78.6%
Oct-1991 78.5%
Nov-1991 78.4%
Dec-1991 78.3%
Jan-1992 78.4%
Feb-1992 78.2%
Mar-1992 78.2%
Apr-1992 78.4%
May-1992 78.4%
Jun-1992 78.5%
Jul-1992 78.4%
Aug-1992 78.4%
Sep-1992 78.3%
Oct-1992 78.2%
Nov-1992 78.2%
Dec-1992 78.2%
Jan-1993 78.2%
Feb-1993 78.1%
Mar-1993 78.2%
Apr-1993 78.2%
May-1993 78.5%
Jun-1993 78.6%
Jul-1993 78.6%
Aug-1993 78.8%
Sep-1993 78.6%
Oct-1993 78.7%
Nov-1993 79.0%
Dec-1993 79.0%
Jan-1994 78.9%
Feb-1994 78.9%
Mar-1994 78.9%
Apr-1994 79.0%
May-1994 79.2%
Jun-1994 78.8%
Jul-1994 79.1%
Aug-1994 79.2%
Sep-1994 79.6%
Oct-1994 79.6%
Nov-1994 79.8%
Dec-1994 79.8%
Jan-1995 79.7%
Feb-1995 80.0%
Mar-1995 79.9%
Apr-1995 79.8%
May-1995 79.7%
Jun-1995 79.5%
Jul-1995 79.7%
Aug-1995 79.6%
Sep-1995 79.8%
Oct-1995 79.8%
Nov-1995 79.7%
Dec-1995 79.7%
Jan-1996 79.8%
Feb-1996 79.9%
Mar-1996 79.9%
Apr-1996 79.9%
May-1996 80.0%
Jun-1996 80.1%
Jul-1996 80.4%
Aug-1996 80.5%
Sep-1996 80.4%
Oct-1996 80.6%
Nov-1996 80.5%
Dec-1996 80.5%
Jan-1997 80.5%
Feb-1997 80.4%
Mar-1997 80.6%
Apr-1997 80.7%
May-1997 80.6%
Jun-1997 80.9%
Jul-1997 81.1%
Aug-1997 81.3%
Sep-1997 81.1%
Oct-1997 81.1%
Nov-1997 81.0%
Dec-1997 81.0%
Jan-1998 81.0%
Feb-1998 81.0%
Mar-1998 81.0%
Apr-1998 81.1%
May-1998 81.0%
Jun-1998 81.0%
Jul-1998 81.1%
Aug-1998 81.2%
Sep-1998 81.3%
Oct-1998 81.1%
Nov-1998 81.2%
Dec-1998 81.3%
Jan-1999 81.8%
Feb-1999 81.5%
Mar-1999 81.3%
Apr-1999 81.3%
May-1999 81.4%
Jun-1999 81.4%
Jul-1999 81.2%
Aug-1999 81.3%
Sep-1999 81.3%
Oct-1999 81.5%
Nov-1999 81.6%
Dec-1999 81.5%
Jan-2000 81.8%
Feb-2000 81.8%
Mar-2000 81.7%
Apr-2000 81.9%
May-2000 81.5%
Jun-2000 81.5%
Jul-2000 81.3%
Aug-2000 81.1%
Sep-2000 81.1%
Oct-2000 81.1%
Nov-2000 81.3%
Dec-2000 81.4%
Jan-2001 81.4%
Feb-2001 81.3%
Mar-2001 81.3%
Apr-2001 80.9%
May-2001 80.8%
Jun-2001 80.6%
Jul-2001 80.5%
Aug-2001 80.2%
Sep-2001 80.2%
Oct-2001 79.9%
Nov-2001 79.7%
Dec-2001 79.8%
Jan-2002 79.6%
Feb-2002 79.8%
Mar-2002 79.6%
Apr-2002 79.5%
May-2002 79.4%
Jun-2002 79.2%
Jul-2002 79.1%
Aug-2002 79.3%
Sep-2002 79.4%
Oct-2002 79.2%
Nov-2002 78.8%
Dec-2002 79.0%
Jan-2003 78.9%
Feb-2003 78.9%
Mar-2003 79.0%
Apr-2003 79.1%
May-2003 78.9%
Jun-2003 78.9%
Jul-2003 78.8%
Aug-2003 78.7%
Sep-2003 78.6%
Oct-2003 78.6%
Nov-2003 78.7%
Dec-2003 78.8%
Jan-2004 78.9%
Feb-2004 78.8%
Mar-2004 78.7%
Apr-2004 78.9%
May-2004 79.0%
Jun-2004 79.1%
Jul-2004 79.2%
Aug-2004 79.0%
Sep-2004 79.0%
Oct-2004 79.0%
Nov-2004 79.1%
Dec-2004 78.9%
Jan-2005 79.2%
Feb-2005 79.2%
Mar-2005 79.2%
Apr-2005 79.4%
May-2005 79.5%
Jun-2005 79.2%
Jul-2005 79.4%
Aug-2005 79.6%
Sep-2005 79.4%
Oct-2005 79.3%
Nov-2005 79.2%
Dec-2005 79.3%
Jan-2006 79.6%
Feb-2006 79.7%
Mar-2006 79.8%
Apr-2006 79.6%
May-2006 79.7%
Jun-2006 79.8%
Jul-2006 79.8%
Aug-2006 79.8%
Sep-2006 79.9%
Oct-2006 80.1%
Nov-2006 80.0%
Dec-2006 80.1%
Jan-2007 80.3%
Feb-2007 80.1%
Mar-2007 80.2%
Apr-2007 80.0%
May-2007 80.0%
Jun-2007 79.9%
Jul-2007 79.8%
Aug-2007 79.8%
Sep-2007 79.7%
Oct-2007 79.6%
Nov-2007 79.7%
Dec-2007 79.7%
Jan-2008 80.0%
Feb-2008 79.9%
Mar-2008 79.8%
Apr-2008 79.6%
May-2008 79.5%
Jun-2008 79.4%
Jul-2008 79.2%
Aug-2008 78.8%
Sep-2008 78.8%
Oct-2008 78.4%
Nov-2008 78.1%
Dec-2008 77.6%
Jan-2009 77.0%
Feb-2009 76.7%
Mar-2009 76.2%
Apr-2009 76.2%
May-2009 75.9%
Jun-2009 75.9%
Jul-2009 75.8%
Aug-2009 75.6%
Sep-2009 75.1%
Oct-2009 75.0%
Nov-2009 75.2%
Dec-2009 74.8%
Jan-2010 75.1%
Feb-2010 75.1%
Mar-2010 75.1%
Apr-2010 75.4%
May-2010 75.1%
Jun-2010 75.2%
Jul-2010 75.1%
Aug-2010 75.0%
Sep-2010 75.1%
Oct-2010 75.0%
Nov-2010 74.8%
Dec-2010 75.0%
Jan-2011 75.2%
Feb-2011 75.1%
Mar-2011 75.3%
Apr-2011 75.1%
May-2011 75.2%
Jun-2011 75.0%
Jul-2011 75.0%
Aug-2011 75.1%
Sep-2011 74.9%
Oct-2011 74.9%
Nov-2011 75.3%
Dec-2011 75.4%
Jan-2012 75.5%
Feb-2012 75.5%
Mar-2012 75.7%
Apr-2012 75.7%
May-2012 75.7%
Jun-2012 75.6%
Jul-2012 75.6%
Aug-2012 75.7%
Sep-2012 76.0%
Oct-2012 76.1%
Nov-2012 75.8%
Dec-2012 76.0%
Jan-2013 75.6%
Feb-2013 75.8%
Mar-2013 75.8%
Apr-2013 75.8%
May-2013 76.0%
Jun-2013 75.9%
Jul-2013 76.0%
Aug-2013 76.0%
Sep-2013 76.0%
Oct-2013 75.6%
Nov-2013 76.1%
Dec-2013 76.1%
Jan-2014 76.4%
Feb-2014 76.4%
Mar-2014 76.5%
Apr-2014 76.5%
May-2014 76.4%
Jun-2014 76.9%
Jul-2014 76.7%
Aug-2014 76.9%
Sep-2014 76.8%
Oct-2014 76.9%
Nov-2014 76.9%
Dec-2014 77.1%
Jan-2015 77.1%
Feb-2015 77.2%
Mar-2015 77.1%
Apr-2015 77.2%
May-2015 77.2%
Jun-2015 77.4%
Jul-2015 77.1%
Aug-2015 77.3%
Sep-2015 77.2%
Oct-2015 77.2%
Nov-2015 77.4%
Dec-2015 77.4%
Jan-2016 77.7%
Feb-2016 77.8%
Mar-2016 77.9%
Apr-2016 77.8%
May-2016 77.9%
Jun-2016 77.9%
Jul-2016 78.0%
Aug-2016 77.9%
Sep-2016 78.0%
Oct-2016 78.1%
Nov-2016 78.1%
Dec-2016 78.1%
Jan-2017 78.2%
Feb-2017 78.3%
Mar-2017 78.5%
Apr-2017 78.6%
May-2017 78.5%
Jun-2017 78.6%
Jul-2017 78.8%
Aug-2017 78.4%
Sep-2017 79.0%
Oct-2017 78.7%
Nov-2017 78.9%
Dec-2017 79.0%
Jan-2018 78.9%
Feb-2018 79.3%
Mar-2018 79.2%
Apr-2018 79.2%
May-2018 79.3%
Jun-2018 79.4%
Jul-2018 79.6%
Aug-2018 79.3%
Sep-2018 79.4%
Oct-2018 79.6%
Nov-2018 79.6%
Dec-2018 79.5%
Jan-2019 79.8%
Feb-2019 79.9%
Mar-2019 79.8%
Apr-2019 79.7%
May-2019 79.7%
Jun-2019 79.7%
Jul-2019 79.6%
Aug-2019 80.0%
Sep-2019 80.2%
Oct-2019 80.3%
Nov-2019 80.3%
Dec-2019 80.4%
Jan-2020 80.6%
Feb-2020 80.5%
Mar-2020 79.5%
Apr-2020 69.6%
May-2020 71.4%
Jun-2020 73.5%
Jul-2020 73.8%
Aug-2020 75.2%
Sep-2020 75.1%
Oct-2020 76.1%
Nov-2020 76.0%
Dec-2020 76.3%
Jan-2021 76.4%
Feb-2021 76.6%
Mar-2021 76.8%
Apr-2021 76.9%
May-2021 77.1%
Jun-2021 77.2%
Jul-2021 77.8%
Aug-2021 77.9%
Sep-2021 78.0%
Oct-2021 78.4%
Nov-2021 78.9%
Dec-2021 79.2%
Jan-2022 79.2%
Feb-2022 79.5%
Mar-2022 80.0%
Apr-2022 79.9%
May-2022 80.0%
Jun-2022 79.8%
Jul-2022 79.9%
Aug-2022 80.2%
Sep-2022 80.2%
Oct-2022 79.9%
Nov-2022 79.8%
Dec-2022 80.1%
Jan-2023 80.3%
Feb-2023 80.5%
Mar-2023 80.7%
Apr-2023 80.7%
May-2023 80.7%
Jun-2023 80.9%
Jul-2023 80.9% 
Aug-2023 80.8%
Sep-2023 80.8%
Oct-2023 80.6%
Nov-2023 80.7%
Dec-2023 80.4%
Jan-2024 80.6%
Feb-2024 80.7%
Mar-2024 80.7%
Apr-2024 80.8%
May-2024 80.8%
Jun-2024 80.7%
Jul-2024 80.9%
Aug-2024 80.9%
Sep-2024 80.9%
Oct-2024 80.6%
Nov-2024 80.4%
Dec-2024 80.5%
Jan-2025 80.7%
ChartData Download data

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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data. 

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Jobs Day

Unemployment rate of workers age 16 and older by race and ethnicity, January 2020–January 2025

 

Date White Black Hispanic AAPI
Jan-2020 3.1% 6.3% 4.3% 3%
Feb-2020 3%  6% 4.4% 2.5%
Mar-2020 3.9% 6.8% 5.9% 4.1%
Apr-2020 14.1% 16.6% 18.8% 14.4%
May-2020 12.3% 16.8% 17.6% 14.8%
Jun-2020 10.0% 15.2% 14.5% 13.8%
Jul-2020 9.2% 14.4% 12.8% 11.9%
Aug-2020 7.4% 12.8% 10.6% 10.6%
Sep-2020 7.0% 12.1% 10.4% 8.9%
Oct-2020 6.0% 10.9% 8.9% 7.6%
Nov-2020 6.0% 10.4% 8.6% 6.8%
Dec-2020 6.1% 10.0% 9.4% 6.1%
Jan-2021 5.7% 9.2% 8.6% 6.6%
Feb-2021 5.5% 9.8% 8.4% 5.1%
Mar-2021 5.3% 9.5% 7.7% 5.9%
Apr-2021 5.3% 9.7% 7.7% 5.7%
May-2021 5.1% 9.1% 7.1% 5.5%
Jun-2021 5.3% 9.2% 7.2% 5.7%
Jul-2021 4.8% 8.2% 6.4% 5.2%
Aug-2021 4.5% 8.7% 6.2% 4.5%
Sep-2021 4.2% 7.8% 6.1% 4.2%
Oct-2021 3.9% 7.8% 5.7% 4.2%
Nov-2021 3.7% 6.5% 5.2% 3.9%
Dec-2021 3.2%  7.1%  4.9%  3.8% 
Jan-2022 3.4% 6.9% 4.9% 3.6%
Feb-2022 3.3% 6.6%  4.4%  3.1% 
Mar-2022 3.2%  6.2% 4.2%  2.8% 
Apr-2022 3.2% 5.9% 4.1% 3.1%
May-2022 3.2% 6.2%  4.3%  2.4% 
Jun-2022 3.3%  5.8%  4.3%  3%
Jul-2022 3.1%  5.8%  3.9%  2.6% 
Aug-2022 3.2%  6.4%  4.5%  2.8% 
Sep-2022 3.1%  5.9%  3.9%  2.5% 
Oct-2022 3.3%  5.9%  4.2%  2.9% 
Nov-2022 3.3% 5.7%  4%  2.6% 
Dec-2022 3% 5.7%  4.1% 2.4% 
Jan-2023 3.1%  5.4%  4.5%  2.8% 
Feb-2023 3.2%  5.7% 5.3%  3.4%
Mar-2023 3.2% 5.0% 4.6% 2.8%
Apr-2023 3.1%  4.7%  4.4%  2.8% 
May-2023 3.3 5.6  4  2.9 
Jun-2023 3.1  6.0  4.3  3.2 
Jul-2023 3.1  5.8  4.4  2.3 
Aug-2023 3.4  5.3  4.9  3.1 
Sept-2023 3.4%  5.7%  4.6%  2.8%
Oct-2023 3.5%  5.8%  4.8%  3.1% 
Nov-2023 3.3% 5.8% 4.6% 3.5%
Dec-2023 3.5% 5.2% 5.0% 3.1%
Jan-2024 3.4%  5.3%  5.0%  2.9% 
Feb-2024 3.4% 5.6%  5.0% 3.4%
Mar-2024 3.4% 6.4%  4.5% 2.5%
Apr-2024 3.5% 5.6% 4.8% 2.8%
May-2024 3.5% 6.1% 5.0% 3.1%
Jun-2024 3.5%  6.3% 4.9% 4.1%
Jul-2024 3.8% 6.3% 5.3% 3.7%
Aug-2024 3.8% 6.1% 5.5% 4.1%
Sept-2024 3.7% 5.7% 5.1% 4.1%
Oct-2024 3.8% 5.7% 5.1% 3.9%
Nov-2024 3.8% 6.4% 5.3% 3.8%
Dec-2024 3.6% 6.1% 5.1% 3.5%
Jan-2025 3.5% 6.2% 4.8% 3.7%
ChartData Download data

The data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.

Note: AAPI refers to Asian American and Pacific Islander. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data. 

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Jobs Day

Employment-to-population ratios for workers age 16 and older by race and ethnicity, January 2020–January 2025

date White Black Hispanic
Jan-2020 61.3% 58.8% 65%
Feb-2020 61.3% 59.2% 64.8%
Mar-2020 60.1% 57.3% 63.0%
Apr-2020 51.7% 48.6% 51.2%
May-2020 53.5% 49.5% 52.9%
Jun-2020 55.5% 50.9% 55.8%
Jul-2020 55.8% 51.6% 56.6%
Aug-2020 57.2% 52.6% 58.3%
Sep-2020 57.3% 52.8% 58.3%
Oct-2020 58.1% 53.9% 59.8%
Nov-2020 57.9% 54.2% 59.9%
Dec-2020 57.9% 54.0% 59.3%
Jan-2021 57.8% 54.6% 59.4%
Feb-2021 58.0% 54.0% 59.9%
Mar-2021 58.1% 54.6% 60.2%
Apr-2021 58.2% 55.0% 60.1%
May-2021 58.3% 55.3% 60.3%
Jun-2021 58.2% 56.0% 60.6%
Jul-2021 58.6% 55.9% 61.4%
Aug-2021 58.7% 56.3% 61.5%
Sep-2021 58.9% 56.7% 61.6%
Oct-2021 59.1% 56.5% 62.0%
Nov-2021 59.4% 56.9% 63.0%
Dec-2021 59.7% 56.6% 62.9%
Jan-2022 59.9% 57.6% 63.2%
Feb-2022 60.1% 57.9% 63.7%
Mar-2022 60.3% 58.0% 63.6%
Apr-2022 59.9% 58.4% 63.3%
May-2022 59.9% 59.0% 63.5%
Jun-2022 59.9% 58.6% 63.6%
Jul-2022 59.9% 58.4% 63.1%
Aug-2022 60.1% 58.1% 63.8%
Sep-2022 60.1% 58.7% 63.5%
Oct-2022 60.0% 58.5% 63.4%
Nov-2022 59.8% 58.8% 63.1%
Dec-2022 60.2% 58.9% 63.6%
Jan-2023 60.2% 59.5% 63.3%
Feb-2023 60.1% 59.7% 63.3%
Mar-2023 60.2% 60.7% 63.7%
Apr-2023 60.3% 59.9% 63.8%
May-2023 60.2% 59.6% 64.1%
Jun-2023 60.4% 58.9% 64.4%
Jul-2023 60.3% 59.2% 64.3%
Aug-2023 60.4% 59.4% 63.9%
Sep-2023 60.3% 59.4% 64.1%
Oct-2023 60.1% 59.3% 63.8%
Nov-2023 60.3% 60.0% 63.9%
Dec-2023 59.9% 60.1% 63.4%
Jan-2024 60.0% 60.0% 63.5%
Feb-2024 60.0% 60.1% 63.7%
Mar-2024 60.2% 59.4% 63.8%
Apr-2024 60.2% 59.6% 64.1%
May-2024 60.0% 59.1% 63.9%
Jun-2024 60.0% 58.8% 64.2%
Jul-2024 60.0% 59.2% 63.7%
Aug-2024 60.0% 58.9% 64.1%
Sep-2024 60.1% 59.2% 63.9%
Oct-2024 59.8% 59.3% 63.5%
Nov-2024 59.8% 58.5% 63.4%
Dec-2024 59.9% 58.6% 64.1%
Jan-2025 60.1% 58.6% 63.6%

 

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The data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.

Note: Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data. 

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A more comprehensive look at unemployment rates: Unemployment rates for select workers by race/ethnicity and gender, February 2020, April 2020, December 2024, and January 2025

characteristic February 2020 April 2020 December 2024 January 2025
White men 2.9% 12.3% 3.3% 3.1%
White women 2.7% 15.0% 3.4% 3.3%
Black men 6.2% 16.5% 5.6% 6.9%
Black women 5.0% 16.4% 5.4% 5.4%
Latinx men 3.3% 16.6% 4.0% 4.0%
Latinx women 4.8% 20.3% 5.3% 4.5%

 

ChartData Download data

The data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.

Notes: Data are for workers ages 20 and older. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Unemployment levels are labeled for February, November, and the peak in between.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Household Data Table A-2, and Table A-3.

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A more comprehensive look at employment: Employment-to-population ratios for select workers by race/ethnicity and gender, February 2020, April 2020, December 2024, and January 2025

characteristic February 2020 April 2020 December 2024 January 2025
White men 69.6% 60.5% 67.6% 67.7%
White women 56.6% 47.1% 55.7% 55.9%
Black men 63.4% 53.0% 64.4% 64.2%
Black women 60.7% 49.4% 59.0% 59.2%
Latinx men 78.2% 64.3% 76.7% 76.0%
Latinx women 58.8% 44.7% 58.9% 58.8%
ChartData Download data

The data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.

Notes: Data are for workers ages 20 and older. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Employment to population levels are labeled for February, April, and the trough in between.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Household Data Table A-2, and Table A-3.

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Figure

Unemployment rate for young workers, 16–24 years old, and workers 25+, 1979–2025

Ages 16–24 Ages 25+
1979-01-01 11.6% 4.0%
1979-02-01 11.7 4.0
1979-03-01 11.6 4.0
1979-04-01 11.6 4.0
1979-05-01 11.6 3.7
1979-06-01 11.5 3.8
1979-07-01 11.6 3.8
1979-08-01 12.2 4.1
1979-09-01 12.1 3.9
1979-10-01 12.1 4.0
1979-11-01 11.6 4.1
1979-12-01 12.4 3.9
1980-01-01 12.6 4.3
1980-02-01 12.5 4.3
1980-03-01 12.3 4.5
1980-04-01 13.1 5.0
1980-05-01 14.7 5.2
1980-06-01 14.7 5.4
1980-07-01 14.9 5.6
1980-08-01 14.7 5.6
1980-09-01 14.3 5.4
1980-10-01 14.5 5.4
1980-11-01 14.4 5.3
1980-12-01 13.7 5.2
1981-01-01 14.5 5.3
1981-02-01 14.6 5.3
1981-03-01 14.5 5.2
1981-04-01 14.5 5.0
1981-05-01 15.1 5.2
1981-06-01 14.9 5.3
1981-07-01 14.1 5.2
1981-08-01 14.5 5.2
1981-09-01 14.9 5.4
1981-10-01 15.3 5.7
1981-11-01 15.9 6.0
1981-12-01 16.1 6.3
1982-01-01 16.5 6.3
1982-02-01 17.0 6.5
1982-03-01 16.9 6.8
1982-04-01 17.4 7.0
1982-05-01 17.3 7.1
1982-06-01 17.5 7.3
1982-07-01 18.0 7.5
1982-08-01 18.1 7.4
1982-09-01 18.2 7.9
1982-10-01 18.5 8.1
1982-11-01 19.0 8.4
1982-12-01 18.9 8.6
1983-01-01 18.5 8.1
1983-02-01 18.4 8.2
1983-03-01 18.2 8.1
1983-04-01 18.0 8.0
1983-05-01 17.7 8.0
1983-06-01 17.8 7.9
1983-07-01 16.8 7.3
1983-08-01 17.3 7.3
1983-09-01 16.4 7.2
1983-10-01 16.2 6.8
1983-11-01 15.4 6.6
1983-12-01 14.9 6.6
1984-01-01 14.8 6.2
1984-02-01 14.3 6.1
1984-03-01 14.4 5.9
1984-04-01 14.5 6.0
1984-05-01 13.6 5.7
1984-06-01 13.2 5.6
1984-07-01 13.7 5.8
1984-08-01 14.1 5.7
1984-09-01 14.0 5.6
1984-10-01 13.6 5.7
1984-11-01 13.2 5.6
1984-12-01 13.7 5.6
1985-01-01 13.6 5.7
1985-02-01 13.6 5.6
1985-03-01 13.6 5.6
1985-04-01 13.2 5.8
1985-05-01 13.6 5.5
1985-06-01 13.5 5.8
1985-07-01 14.2 5.6
1985-08-01 13.3 5.6
1985-09-01 13.3 5.6
1985-10-01 14.1 5.4
1985-11-01 13.5 5.3
1985-12-01 13.5 5.4
1986-01-01 13.0 5.1
1986-02-01 13.6 5.6
1986-03-01 13.2 5.6
1986-04-01 13.7 5.5
1986-05-01 13.7 5.5
1986-06-01 13.5 5.6
1986-07-01 13.3 5.5
1986-08-01 13.1 5.4
1986-09-01 13.6 5.4
1986-10-01 13.0 5.5
1986-11-01 12.8 5.4
1986-12-01 13.0 5.1
1987-01-01 13.0 5.1
1987-02-01 13.1 5.0
1987-03-01 12.8 5.1
1987-04-01 12.6 4.9
1987-05-01 12.5 4.8
1987-06-01 12.3 4.7
1987-07-01 11.8 4.7
1987-08-01 11.7 4.7
1987-09-01 11.8 4.6
1987-10-01 11.8 4.6
1987-11-01 11.5 4.5
1987-12-01 11.2 4.5
1988-01-01 11.5 4.4
1988-02-01 11.3 4.4
1988-03-01 11.8 4.3
1988-04-01 11.2 4.2
1988-05-01 11.3 4.3
1988-06-01 10.5 4.2
1988-07-01 10.8 4.2
1988-08-01 11.0 4.4
1988-09-01 10.8 4.2
1988-10-01 10.8 4.1
1988-11-01 10.5 4.2
1988-12-01 10.8 4.1
1989-01-01 11.8 4.1
1989-02-01 10.6 4.0
1989-03-01 10.1 3.9
1989-04-01 10.6 4.1
1989-05-01 10.4 4.0
1989-06-01 11.2 4.0
1989-07-01 10.6 4.0
1989-08-01 10.9 4.0
1989-09-01 11.1 4.1
1989-10-01 11.0 4.1
1989-11-01 11.3 4.1
1989-12-01 11.2 4.1
1990-01-01 10.8 4.1
1990-02-01 10.7 4.1
1990-03-01 10.6 4.1
1990-04-01 11.1 4.2
1990-05-01 10.8 4.2
1990-06-01 10.4 4.1
1990-07-01 10.7 4.4
1990-08-01 11.5 4.5
1990-09-01 11.7 4.6
1990-10-01 11.8 4.7
1990-11-01 12.0 4.9
1990-12-01 12.0 5.0
1991-01-01 12.6 5.0
1991-02-01 12.8 5.3
1991-03-01 13.1 5.5
1991-04-01 12.7 5.4
1991-05-01 13.6 5.5
1991-06-01 13.6 5.5
1991-07-01 13.8 5.4
1991-08-01 13.5 5.5
1991-09-01 13.4 5.5
1991-10-01 13.9 5.6
1991-11-01 13.8 5.7
1991-12-01 14.6 5.8
1992-01-01 13.9 5.9
1992-02-01 14.2 6.0
1992-03-01 14.1 6.1
1992-04-01 13.6 6.1
1992-05-01 14.4 6.3
1992-06-01 15.2 6.3
1992-07-01 14.5 6.3
1992-08-01 14.2 6.3
1992-09-01 14.5 6.2
1992-10-01 13.5 6.1
1992-11-01 14.3 6.1
1992-12-01 14.2 6.1
1993-01-01 14.0 5.8
1993-02-01 14.1 5.7
1993-03-01 13.6 5.7
1993-04-01 13.8 5.7
1993-05-01 14.2 5.6
1993-06-01 13.7 5.7
1993-07-01 13.1 5.7
1993-08-01 13.0 5.5
1993-09-01 12.6 5.6
1993-10-01 13.0 5.6
1993-11-01 12.9 5.4
1993-12-01 12.5 5.4
1994-01-01 13.4 5.2
1994-02-01 12.9 5.3
1994-03-01 13.1 5.2
1994-04-01 13.3 5.0
1994-05-01 12.5 4.8
1994-06-01 12.4 4.8
1994-07-01 12.4 4.8
1994-08-01 12.5 4.8
1994-09-01 12.1 4.7
1994-10-01 12.0 4.6
1994-11-01 11.4 4.5
1994-12-01 11.5 4.3
1995-01-01 11.4 4.4
1995-02-01 11.7 4.2
1995-03-01 11.6 4.2
1995-04-01 12.0 4.5
1995-05-01 11.9 4.5
1995-06-01 12.0 4.4
1995-07-01 12.5 4.4
1995-08-01 12.5 4.4
1995-09-01 12.7 4.3
1995-10-01 12.4 4.2
1995-11-01 12.0 4.4
1995-12-01 12.4 4.3
1996-01-01 12.8 4.3
1996-02-01 12.2 4.2
1996-03-01 12.2 4.2
1996-04-01 12.0 4.3
1996-05-01 12.2 4.3
1996-06-01 11.8 4.1
1996-07-01 12.4 4.2
1996-08-01 11.6 4.0
1996-09-01 11.4 4.0
1996-10-01 11.6 4.0
1996-11-01 11.9 4.1
1996-12-01 11.8 4.1
1997-01-01 12.2 4.0
1997-02-01 11.8 4.0
1997-03-01 11.7 3.9
1997-04-01 11.6 3.8
1997-05-01 11.1 3.8
1997-06-01 11.4 3.8
1997-07-01 11.2 3.7
1997-08-01 11.1 3.7
1997-09-01 11.2 3.7
1997-10-01 11.0 3.5
1997-11-01 10.8 3.4
1997-12-01 10.5 3.6
1998-01-01 10.9 3.5
1998-02-01 10.6 3.5
1998-03-01 10.5 3.6
1998-04-01 9.7 3.4
1998-05-01 10.3 3.3
1998-06-01 10.6 3.4
1998-07-01 10.6 3.4
1998-08-01 10.8 3.3
1998-09-01 11.0 3.4
1998-10-01 10.5 3.4
1998-11-01 9.8 3.3
1998-12-01 9.6 3.3
1999-01-01 10.2 3.2
1999-02-01 10.1 3.3
1999-03-01 9.9 3.1
1999-04-01 10.0 3.3
1999-05-01 9.6 3.1
1999-06-01 10.0 3.2
1999-07-01 9.9 3.2
1999-08-01 9.6 3.2
1999-09-01 10.2 3.1
1999-10-01 10.0 3.0
1999-11-01 9.9 3.0
1999-12-01 9.6 2.9
2000-01-01 9.4 3.0
2000-02-01 9.9 3.0
2000-03-01 9.6 3.0
2000-04-01 9.2 2.9
2000-05-01 9.8 3.0
2000-06-01 9.3 3.0
2000-07-01 9.3 3.0
2000-08-01 9.3 3.1
2000-09-01 8.9 3.0
2000-10-01 8.9 2.9
2000-11-01 9.1 3.0
2000-12-01 9.2 2.9
2001-01-01 9.6 3.2
2001-02-01 9.6 3.2
2001-03-01 9.8 3.2
2001-04-01 10.2 3.3
2001-05-01 9.9 3.3
2001-06-01 10.4 3.5
2001-07-01 10.2 3.5
2001-08-01 11.2 3.8
2001-09-01 10.8 3.9
2001-10-01 11.5 4.2
2001-11-01 11.6 4.4
2001-12-01 12.2 4.5
2002-01-01 12.1 4.5
2002-02-01 11.8 4.5
2002-03-01 12.5 4.5
2002-04-01 12.3 4.8
2002-05-01 11.6 4.8
2002-06-01 11.8 4.7
2002-07-01 12.1 4.6
2002-08-01 12.0 4.6
2002-09-01 11.7 4.5
2002-10-01 11.8 4.6
2002-11-01 12.1 4.7
2002-12-01 12.1 4.8
2003-01-01 12.0 4.7
2003-02-01 12.1 4.8
2003-03-01 12.0 4.8
2003-04-01 12.6 4.9
2003-05-01 12.9 4.9
2003-06-01 13.2 5.1
2003-07-01 13.0 4.9
2003-08-01 12.3 5.0
2003-09-01 12.8 4.9
2003-10-01 12.2 4.9
2003-11-01 12.1 4.8
2003-12-01 11.7 4.6
2004-01-01 12.0 4.6
2004-02-01 11.7 4.5
2004-03-01 12.0 4.7
2004-04-01 11.6 4.5
2004-05-01 12.1 4.4
2004-06-01 12.0 4.5
2004-07-01 12.1 4.4
2004-08-01 11.5 4.3
2004-09-01 11.7 4.3
2004-10-01 12.1 4.2
2004-11-01 11.5 4.3
2004-12-01 11.7 4.2
2005-01-01 11.6 4.1
2005-02-01 12.4 4.2
2005-03-01 11.8 4.0
2005-04-01 11.8 4.0
2005-05-01 11.7 3.9
2005-06-01 11.1 4.0
2005-07-01 10.7 4.0
2005-08-01 11.1 3.8
2005-09-01 10.8 4.1
2005-10-01 10.8 3.9
2005-11-01 11.1 4.0
2005-12-01 10.5 3.9
2006-01-01 10.4 3.7
2006-02-01 10.8 3.7
2006-03-01 10.5 3.6
2006-04-01 10.3 3.7
2006-05-01 10.0 3.7
2006-06-01 10.4 3.6
2006-07-01 10.9 3.7
2006-08-01 10.7 3.6
2006-09-01 10.6 3.5
2006-10-01 10.6 3.3
2006-11-01 10.6 3.5
2006-12-01 10.0 3.5
2007-01-01 10.3 3.7
2007-02-01 9.9 3.6
2007-03-01 10.0 3.4
2007-04-01 10.3 3.5
2007-05-01 9.9 3.5
2007-06-01 10.6 3.5
2007-07-01 10.5 3.7
2007-08-01 10.7 3.6
2007-09-01 11.2 3.6
2007-10-01 10.7 3.7
2007-11-01 10.8 3.7
2007-12-01 11.7 3.8
2008-01-01 11.7 3.8
2008-02-01 11.4 3.8
2008-03-01 11.4 4.0
2008-04-01 11.0 4.0
2008-05-01 13.0 4.1
2008-06-01 12.9 4.3
2008-07-01 13.5 4.5
2008-08-01 13.1 4.9
2008-09-01 13.5 4.9
2008-10-01 13.6 5.3
2008-11-01 14.0 5.6
2008-12-01 14.8 6.1
2009-01-01 15.0 6.6
2009-02-01 16.0 7.1
2009-03-01 16.5 7.4
2009-04-01 16.7 7.7
2009-05-01 17.6 8.0
2009-06-01 18.0 8.1
2009-07-01 17.9 8.1
2009-08-01 18.1 8.3
2009-09-01 18.4 8.4
2009-10-01 19.1 8.6
2009-11-01 19.2 8.4
2009-12-01 18.8 8.4
2010-01-01 18.8 8.3
2010-02-01 18.7 8.4
2010-03-01 18.8 8.5
2010-04-01 19.5 8.4
2010-05-01 18.1 8.3
2010-06-01 18.2 8.1
2010-07-01 18.4 8.0
2010-08-01 17.7 8.2
2010-09-01 17.9 8.2
2010-10-01 18.7 8.1
2010-11-01 18.5 8.4
2010-12-01 17.9 8.0
2011-01-01 18.1 7.7
2011-02-01 17.7 7.6
2011-03-01 17.6 7.6
2011-04-01 17.6 7.7
2011-05-01 17.3 7.7
2011-06-01 17.1 7.9
2011-07-01 17.3 7.7
2011-08-01 17.4 7.7
2011-09-01 17.3 7.7
2011-10-01 16.7 7.6
2011-11-01 17.0 7.3
2011-12-01 16.7 7.2
2012-01-01 16.1 7.0
2012-02-01 16.5 7.0
2012-03-01 16.2 6.9
2012-04-01 16.6 6.8
2012-05-01 16.1 6.9
2012-06-01 16.2 7.0
2012-07-01 16.3 6.9
2012-08-01 16.7 6.7
2012-09-01 15.5 6.6
2012-10-01 16.0 6.5
2012-11-01 15.9 6.4
2012-12-01 16.5 6.5
2013-01-01 16.8 6.5
2013-02-01 16.3 6.3
2013-03-01 16.1 6.2
2013-04-01 16.3 6.2
2013-05-01 16.3 6.1
2013-06-01 16.0 6.2
2013-07-01 15.4 6.0
2013-08-01 15.7 5.9
2013-09-01 15.1 6.0
2013-10-01 14.8 6.0
2013-11-01 14.1 5.9
2013-12-01 13.4 5.6
2014-01-01 14.1 5.3
2014-02-01 14.5 5.4
2014-03-01 14.6 5.4
2014-04-01 13.0 5.2
2014-05-01 13.3 5.2
2014-06-01 13.1 5.0
2014-07-01 13.5 5.0
2014-08-01 13.2 5.0
2014-09-01 13.8 4.7
2014-10-01 12.6 4.7
2014-11-01 12.5 4.8
2014-12-01 12.2 4.5
2015-01-01 12.0 4.6
2015-02-01 11.8 4.5
2015-03-01 12.5 4.4
2015-04-01 11.8 4.5
2015-05-01 12.3 4.5
2015-06-01 11.9 4.2
2015-07-01 11.5 4.2
2015-08-01 11.1 4.1
2015-09-01 11.2 4.1
2015-10-01 11.0 4.1
2015-11-01 11.2 4.2
2015-12-01 11.1 4.0
2016-01-01 10.0 4.0
2016-02-01 10.5 4.0
2016-03-01 10.7 4.1
2016-04-01 11.0 4.1
2016-05-01 10.4 3.9
2016-06-01 10.5 4.0
2016-07-01 10.6 3.9
2016-08-01 10.2 4.1
2016-09-01 10.4 4.2
2016-10-01 10.6 4.0
2016-11-01 10.3 3.9
2016-12-01 10.0 3.9
2017-01-01 10.0 3.9
2017-02-01 9.8 3.9
2017-03-01 9.0 3.7
2017-04-01 9.3 3.6
2017-05-01 8.7 3.7
2017-06-01 9.1 3.6
2017-07-01 8.9 3.6
2017-08-01 8.9 3.7
2017-09-01 9.1 3.5
2017-10-01 9.2 3.4
2017-11-01 9.8 3.4
2017-12-01 9.1 3.4
2018-01-01 9.2 3.3
2018-02-01 9.0 3.4
2018-03-01 8.3 3.3
2018-04-01 8.4 3.3
2018-05-01 8.6 3.1
2018-06-01 8.8 3.2
2018-07-01 8.6 3.1
2018-08-01 8.2 3.1
2018-09-01 8.4 3.0
2018-10-01 8.5 3.1
2018-11-01 8.3 3.1
2018-12-01 8.9 3.2
2019-01-01 9.2 3.2
2019-02-01 9.1 3.0
2019-03-01 8.5 3.1
2019-04-01 8.1 2.9
2019-05-01 8.5 2.9
2019-06-01 7.9 3.0
2019-07-01 8.4 3.0
2019-08-01 8.4 2.9
2019-09-01 7.9 2.8
2019-10-01 8.0 2.9
2019-11-01 8.1 2.9
2019-12-01 8.3 2.9
2020-01-01 8.5 2.9
2020-02-01 7.9 2.9
2020-03-01 10.0 3.6
2020-04-01 27.4 13.0
2020-05-01 25.1 11.5
2020-06-01 20.4 9.7
2020-07-01 18.4 9.0
2020-08-01 14.7 7.5
2020-09-01 13.6 7.0
2020-10-01 11.8 6.2
2020-11-01 11.6 6.0
2020-12-01 12.6 5.9
2021-01-01 11.3 5.6
2021-02-01 11.0 5.6
2021-03-01 10.9 5.3
2021-04-01 10.8 5.3
2021-05-01 10.1 5.1
2021-06-01 9.7 5.4
2021-07-01 9.5 4.8
2021-08-01 9.8 4.5
2021-09-01 8.8 4.1
2021-10-01 8.5 3.9
2021-11-01 8.4 3.6
2021-12-01 8.2 3.3
2022-01-01 8.3 3.4
2022-02-01 8.3 3.2
2022-03-01 8.2 2.9
2022-04-01 7.9 3.0
2022-05-01 7.9 3.0
2022-06-01 8.1 3.0
2022-07-01 7.9 2.8
2022-08-01 8.0 3.0
2022-09-01 8.3 2.8
2022-10-01 8.1 3.0
2022-11-01 8.2 3.0
2022-12-01 8.2 2.8
2023-01-01 8.0 2.8
2023-02-01 8.1 2.9
2023-03-01 7.5 2.9
2023-04-01 6.5 2.9
2023-05-01 7.4 3.0
2023-06-01 7.5 3.0
2023-07-01 8.0 2.8
2023-08-01 8.6 3.0
2023-09-01 8.4 3.0
2023-10-01 8.8 3.1
2023-11-01 8.0% 3.1%
2023-12-01 8.0% 3.2%
2024-01-01 7.3% 3.2%
2024-02-01 8.8% 3.2%
2024-03-01 8.8% 3.1%
2024-04-01 8.2% 3.2%
2024-05-01 9.2% 3.2%
2024-06-01 8.9% 3.3%
2024-07-01 9.1% 3.5%
2024-08-01 9.7% 3.4%
2024-09-01 9.2% 3.3%
2024-10-01 9.5% 3.4%
2024-11-01 9.4% 3.5%
2024-12-01 9.0% 3.4%
2025-01-01 9.0% 3.3%
ChartData Download data

The data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.

Notes: Shaded areas represent recessions.

Source: Authors' analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey public data.

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Jobs Day

Share of newly employed workers who said that they were not actively searching for work in the previous month

date Share of newly employed workers who said that they were not actively searching for work in the previous month
Apr-1990 61.9%
May-1990 62.6%
Jun-1990 62.0%
Jul-1990 62.0%
Aug-1990 61.6%
Sep-1990 62.3%
Oct-1990 61.0%
Nov-1990 61.2%
Dec-1990 60.4%
Jan-1991 59.9%
Feb-1991 59.0%
Mar-1991 58.5%
Apr-1991 57.7%
May-1991 57.6%
Jun-1991 57.2%
Jul-1991 58.0%
Aug-1991 57.8%
Sep-1991 57.7%
Oct-1991 57.3%
Nov-1991 56.9%
Dec-1991 57.0%
Jan-1992 56.8%
Feb-1992 57.1%
Mar-1992 57.1%
Apr-1992 57.2%
May-1992 57.3%
Jun-1992 56.6%
Jul-1992 56.4%
Aug-1992 56.1%
Sep-1992 55.9%
Oct-1992 55.7%
Nov-1992 55.8%
Dec-1992 56.1%
Jan-1993 56.6%
Feb-1993 57.7%
Mar-1993 58.3%
Apr-1993 58.4%
May-1993 58.2%
Jun-1993 58.1%
Jul-1993 57.5%
Aug-1993 57.5%
Sep-1993 58.0%
Oct-1993 58.9%
Nov-1993 58.5%
Dec-1993 58.3%
Jan-1994 58.8%
Feb-1994 59.2%
Mar-1994 59.1%
Apr-1994 58.7%
May-1994 58.3%
Jun-1994 58.5%
Jul-1994 58.6%
Aug-1994 59.0%
Sep-1994 59.1%
Oct-1994 59.8%
Nov-1994 60.1%
Dec-1994 60.3%
Jan-1995 60.4%
Feb-1995 59.5%
Mar-1995 59.7%
Apr-1995 59.7%
May-1995 59.2%
Jun-1995 59.5%
Jul-1995 59.5%
Aug-1995 60.0%
Sep-1995 60.2%
Oct-1995 59.9%
Nov-1995 60.6%
Dec-1995 59.9%
Jan-1996 59.8%
Feb-1996 60.3%
Mar-1996 60.7%
Apr-1996 61.0%
May-1996 60.7%
Jun-1996 60.8%
Jul-1996 61.5%
Aug-1996 60.8%
Sep-1996 60.9%
Oct-1996 60.2%
Nov-1996 60.6%
Dec-1996 59.6%
Jan-1997 59.1%
Feb-1997 58.9%
Mar-1997 60.3%
Apr-1997 61.4%
May-1997 61.8%
Jun-1997 61.1%
Jul-1997 60.4%
Aug-1997 61.3%
Sep-1997 61.9%
Oct-1997 62.5%
Nov-1997 62.7%
Dec-1997 62.8%
Jan-1998 63.3%
Feb-1998 62.7%
Mar-1998 62.9%
Apr-1998 62.4%
May-1998 63.5%
Jun-1998 63.2%
Jul-1998 64.2%
Aug-1998 64.0%
Sep-1998 65.2%
Oct-1998 65.1%
Nov-1998 65.1%
Dec-1998 64.9%
Jan-1999 65.6%
Feb-1999 65.5%
Mar-1999 64.2%
Apr-1999 65.3%
May-1999 66.1%
Jun-1999 67.4%
Jul-1999 66.4%
Aug-1999 65.7%
Sep-1999 65.3%
Oct-1999 65.5%
Nov-1999 65.3%
Dec-1999 65.1%
Jan-2000 64.4%
Feb-2000 65.4%
Mar-2000 65.7%
Apr-2000 65.9%
May-2000 65.6%
Jun-2000 65.9%
Jul-2000 65.4%
Aug-2000 65.5%
Sep-2000 65.6%
Oct-2000 66.5%
Nov-2000 67.4%
Dec-2000 68.1%
Jan-2001 69.0%
Feb-2001 68.6%
Mar-2001 67.9%
Apr-2001 66.9%
May-2001 65.8%
Jun-2001 65.3%
Jul-2001 65.7%
Aug-2001 66.2%
Sep-2001 66.6%
Oct-2001 65.5%
Nov-2001 64.4%
Dec-2001 62.9%
Jan-2002 62.6%
Feb-2002 62.3%
Mar-2002 61.7%
Apr-2002 61.9%
May-2002 62.8%
Jun-2002 64.4%
Jul-2002 64.5%
Aug-2002 64.0%
Sep-2002 63.1%
Oct-2002 63.1%
Nov-2002 63.7%
Dec-2002 64.1%
Jan-2003 64.2%
Feb-2003 64.2%
Mar-2003 64.5%
Apr-2003 64.3%
May-2003 63.7%
Jun-2003 63.5%
Jul-2003 63.1%
Aug-2003 63.2%
Sep-2003 63.4%
Oct-2003 64.3%
Nov-2003 64.7%
Dec-2003 63.7%
Jan-2004 63.6%
Feb-2004 63.4%
Mar-2004 64.9%
Apr-2004 64.3%
May-2004 64.3%
Jun-2004 63.7%
Jul-2004 64.2%
Aug-2004 64.5%
Sep-2004 64.1%
Oct-2004 64.2%
Nov-2004 64.0%
Dec-2004 64.4%
Jan-2005 64.6%
Feb-2005 64.8%
Mar-2005 64.9%
Apr-2005 65.1%
May-2005 65.8%
Jun-2005 66.1%
Jul-2005 66.6%
Aug-2005 65.9%
Sep-2005 66.5%
Oct-2005 66.2%
Nov-2005 66.0%
Dec-2005 65.9%
Jan-2006 65.8%
Feb-2006 67.3%
Mar-2006 67.3%
Apr-2006 67.6%
May-2006 67.3%
Jun-2006 67.2%
Jul-2006 66.7%
Aug-2006 66.4%
Sep-2006 65.9%
Oct-2006 66.9%
Nov-2006 67.6%
Dec-2006 68.3%
Jan-2007 68.0%
Feb-2007 67.0%
Mar-2007 66.5%
Apr-2007 65.8%
May-2007 66.2%
Jun-2007 67.6%
Jul-2007 67.7%
Aug-2007 67.6%
Sep-2007 66.9%
Oct-2007 67.0%
Nov-2007 67.5%
Dec-2007 66.6%
Jan-2008 66.4%
Feb-2008 65.4%
Mar-2008 65.6%
Apr-2008 64.7%
May-2008 65.1%
Jun-2008 64.9%
Jul-2008 65.3%
Aug-2008 64.2%
Sep-2008 62.9%
Oct-2008 62.1%
Nov-2008 61.9%
Dec-2008 62.3%
Jan-2009 62.2%
Feb-2009 61.6%
Mar-2009 60.8%
Apr-2009 59.8%
May-2009 59.6%
Jun-2009 58.3%
Jul-2009 57.5%
Aug-2009 57.0%
Sep-2009 56.8%
Oct-2009 57.6%
Nov-2009 56.7%
Dec-2009 57.7%
Jan-2010 57.9%
Feb-2010 58.8%
Mar-2010 58.7%
Apr-2010 57.4%
May-2010 56.4%
Jun-2010 56.6%
Jul-2010 57.2%
Aug-2010 58.4%
Sep-2010 58.8%
Oct-2010 58.9%
Nov-2010 58.9%
Dec-2010 58.4%
Jan-2011 59.1%
Feb-2011 59.5%
Mar-2011 60.1%
Apr-2011 60.4%
May-2011 60.2%
Jun-2011 59.7%
Jul-2011 59.8%
Aug-2011 59.6%
Sep-2011 60.6%
Oct-2011 59.8%
Nov-2011 59.8%
Dec-2011 59.1%
Jan-2012 59.2%
Feb-2012 59.1%
Mar-2012 59.4%
Apr-2012 60.3%
May-2012 60.9%
Jun-2012 61.6%
Jul-2012 61.8%
Aug-2012 62.3%
Sep-2012 62.3%
Oct-2012 62.0%
Nov-2012 61.8%
Dec-2012 62.5%
Jan-2013 62.2%
Feb-2013 61.5%
Mar-2013 61.6%
Apr-2013 63.1%
May-2013 63.5%
Jun-2013 63.2%
Jul-2013 62.3%
Aug-2013 62.9%
Sep-2013 63.5%
Oct-2013 64.3%
Nov-2013 64.1%
Dec-2013 63.6%
Jan-2014 63.9%
Feb-2014 63.6%
Mar-2014 63.9%
Apr-2014 62.8%
May-2014 64.2%
Jun-2014 64.5%
Jul-2014 66.0%
Aug-2014 65.5%
Sep-2014 65.3%
Oct-2014 64.9%
Nov-2014 65.3%
Dec-2014 65.8%
Jan-2015 67.2%
Feb-2015 67.8%
Mar-2015 68.5%
Apr-2015 68.1%
May-2015 68.5%
Jun-2015 68.1%
Jul-2015 68.9%
Aug-2015 68.6%
Sep-2015 68.8%
Oct-2015 68.7%
Nov-2015 68.5%
Dec-2015 69.0%
Jan-2016 68.7%
Feb-2016 70.2%
Mar-2016 71.2%
Apr-2016 71.2%
May-2016 69.5%
Jun-2016 68.6%
Jul-2016 68.6%
Aug-2016 69.5%
Sep-2016 69.1%
Oct-2016 67.9%
Nov-2016 67.4%
Dec-2016 68.6%
Jan-2017 69.5%
Feb-2017 69.5%
Mar-2017 69.6%
Apr-2017 70.0%
May-2017 70.2%
Jun-2017 70.5%
Jul-2017 70.1%
Aug-2017 70.7%
Sep-2017 70.3%
Oct-2017 70.2%
Nov-2017 70.2%
Dec-2017 70.2%
Jan-2018 71.2%
Feb-2018 71.4%
Mar-2018 71.5%
Apr-2018 71.5%
May-2018 71.5%
Jun-2018 72.3%
Jul-2018 72.8%
Aug-2018 72.8%
Sep-2018 72.8%
Oct-2018 72.4%
Nov-2018 72.6%
Dec-2018 72.5%
Jan-2019 72.4%
Feb-2019 72.5%
Mar-2019 72.0%
Apr-2019 72.4%
May-2019 73.1%
Jun-2019 73.8%
Jul-2019 74.2%
Aug-2019 73.7%
Sep-2019 73.6%
Oct-2019 74.1%
Nov-2019 74.4%
Dec-2019 74.2%
Jan-2020 73.1%
Feb-2020 72.6%
Mar-2020 73.0%
Apr-2020 73.0%
May-2020 62.3%
Jun-2020 50.2%
Jul-2020 41.2%
Aug-2020 44.3%
Sep-2020 50.2%
Oct-2020 54.4%
Nov-2020 58.3%
Dec-2020 61.6%
Jan-2021 62.7%
Feb-2021 63.1%
Mar-2021 63.5%
Apr-2021 65.3%
May-2021 66.5%
Jun-2021 67.1%
Jul-2021 67.5%
Aug-2021 67.8%
Sep-2021 68.3%
Oct-2021 69.1%
Nov-2021 70.1%
Dec-2021 70.4%
Jan-2022 71.0%
Feb-2022 70.7%
Mar-2022 71.1%
Apr-2022 71.7%
May-2022 72.8%
Jun-2022 73.1%
Jul-2022 72.5%
Aug-2022 72.3%
Sep-2022 72.7%
Oct-2022 73.7%
Nov-2022 73.5%
Dec-2022 73.6%
Jan-2023 73.9%
Feb-2023 74.9%
Mar-2023 74.9%
Apr-2023 74.4%
May-2023 74.4%
Jun-2023 74.6%
Jul-2023 73.9%
Aug-2023 73.9%
Sep-2023 72.9%
Oct-2023 72.8%
Nov-2023 71.6%
Dec-2023 70.9%
Jan-2024 71.6%
Feb-2024 72.5%
Mar-2024 73.8%
Apr-2024 72.9%
May-2024 71.8%
Jun-2024 71.3%
Jul-2024 71.4%
Aug-2024 71.0%
Sept-2024 69.7%
Oct-2024 69.5%
Nov-2024 70.8%
Dec-2024 71.5%
ChartData Download data

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Note: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Force Flows: Unemployed to Employed (16 Years and Over) [LNS17100000], and Not in Labor Force to Employed (16 years and over) [LNS17200000]. Because of volatility in these data, the line reflects a three month moving averages.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey public data series.

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Economic indicators

Number of workers at each level of unemployment duration, by month, February 2020–January 2025

date Less than 5 weeks 5–14 weeks 15–26 weeks 27–51 weeks 52 weeks and over
Feb 20 2,105 1,785 766 446 679
Mar 20 3,422 1,860 836 343 739
Apr 20 14,261 7,066 713 473 492
May 20 3,868 14,806 1,077 598 526
Jun 20 2,896 11,522 1,923 698 657
Jul 20 3,152 5,145 6,498 744 774
Aug 20 2,336 3,105 6,491 830 823
Sep 20 2,547 2,735 4,921 1577 870
Oct 20 2,466 2,342 2,624 2806 794
Nov 20 2,487 2,440 1,878 3107 830
Dec 20 2,902 2,344 1,590 3136 819
Jan 21 2,291 2,474 1,321 3134 921
Feb 21 2,216 2,214 1,399 2888 1230
Mar 21 2,179 1,991 1,386 1892 2282
Apr 21 2,409 1,992 1,256 1388 2665
May 21 1,998 2,181 1,240 1113 2644
Jun 21 1,985 2,188 1,387 1021 2912
Jul 21 2,257 1,836 1,134 1039 2469
Aug 21 2,103 1,914 1,206 838 2317
Sep 21 2,238 1,720 979 808 1934
Oct 21 2,049 1,875 969 719 1664
Nov 21 1,988 1,682 880 642 1549
Dec 21 1,974 1,595 823 614 1354
Jan 22 2,472 1,611 786 505 1210
Feb 22 2,145 1,768 803 389 1226
Mar 22 2,305 1,723 567 402 1020
Apr 22 2,277 1,608 647 359 995
May 22 2,030 1,757 696 412 921
Jun 22 2,240 1,536 816 412 884
Jul 22 2,097 1,849 656 343 823
Aug 22 2,214 1,828 864 360 821
Sep 22 2,156 1,619 822 482 682
Oct 22 2,189 1,803 775 436 780
Nov 22 2,247 1,665 815 412 817
Dec 22 2,218 1,645 792 460 646
Jan 23 1,942 1,795 929 362 711
Feb 23 2,294 1,838 812 439 612
Mar 23 2,279 1,765 797 393 657
Apr 23 1,867 1,920 748 387 702
May 23 2,080 1,863 911 400 732
Jun 23 2,065 1,850 905 446 671
Jul 23 2,007 1,741 956 514 691
Aug 23 2,224 1,913 970 544 782
Sep 23 2,053 2,043 985 543 760
Oct 23 2,269 1,836 1,079 488 803
Nov 23 2,069 2,060 931 595 625
Dec 23 2,191 1,791 1,104 509 736
Jan 24 2,140 1,848 867 551 726
Feb 24 2,326 1,933 974 438 765
Mar 24 2,189 1,979 982 425 821
Apr 24 2,262 1,987 869 555 695
May 24 2,309 1,918 955 541 809
Jun 24 2,128 2,102 1,087 719 797
Jul 24 2,351 2,141 1,087 755 780
Aug 24 2,468 2,019 1,167 682 851
Sep 24 2,139 1,987 1,133 685 929
Oct 24 2,109 2,082 1,231 711 897
Nov 24 2,208 2,063 1,236 731 923
Dec 24 2,156 1,997 1,207 643 908
Jan 25 2,290 1,935 1,161 644 799
ChartData Download data

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Notes: Data are seasonally adjusted. Seasonally adjusted data for Less than 5 weeks, 5-14 weeks, 15-26 weeks, and 27+ weeks are provided by BLS. Seasonally adjusted data are not available for 52+ so we applied the ratio of not-seasonally adjusted 52+ to not-seasonally adjusted 27+ to the seasonally adjusted 27+ to impute a seasonally adjusted 52+. Seasonally adjusted data for 27-51 is estimated as the difference between our estimated 52+ seasonally adjust data and the 27+ seasonally adjusted data.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey public data series.

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Longer-term labor market trends

Jobs day

Monthly change in payroll employment, 2007–2025

date Change in Employment
Jan-2007 223
Feb-2007 86
Mar-2007 224
Apr-2007 63
May-2007 148
Jun-2007 76
Jul-2007 -25
Aug-2007 -31
Sep-2007 88
Oct-2007 76
Nov-2007 114
Dec-2007 104
Jan-2008 -4
Feb-2008 -64
Mar-2008 -70
Apr-2008 -219
May-2008 -187
Jun-2008 -153
Jul-2008 -200
Aug-2008 -287
Sep-2008 -449
Oct-2008 -469
Nov-2008 -750
Dec-2008 -696
Jan-2009 -769
Feb-2009 -761
Mar-2009 -825
Apr-2009 -671
May-2009 -353
Jun-2009 -461
Jul-2009 -345
Aug-2009 -190
Sep-2009 -225
Oct-2009 -185
Nov-2009 -4
Dec-2009 -250
Jan-2010 -6
Feb-2010 -97
Mar-2010 160
Apr-2010 255
May-2010 523
Jun-2010 -134
Jul-2010 -94
Aug-2010 1
Sep-2010 -74
Oct-2010 279
Nov-2010 128
Dec-2010 81
Jan-2011 7
Feb-2011 219
Mar-2011 226
Apr-2011 315
May-2011 107
Jun-2011 227
Jul-2011 62
Aug-2011 132
Sep-2011 219
Oct-2011 209
Nov-2011 137
Dec-2011 198
Jan-2012 357
Feb-2012 263
Mar-2012 240
Apr-2012 77
May-2012 108
Jun-2012 79
Jul-2012 145
Aug-2012 181
Sep-2012 179
Oct-2012 151
Nov-2012 157
Dec-2012 249
Jan-2013 183
Feb-2013 288
Mar-2013 144
Apr-2013 184
May-2013 222
Jun-2013 184
Jul-2013 112
Aug-2013 255
Sep-2013 175
Oct-2013 220
Nov-2013 275
Dec-2013 57
Jan-2014 188
Feb-2014 151
Mar-2014 273
Apr-2014 312
May-2014 215
Jun-2014 337
Jul-2014 224
Aug-2014 196
Sep-2014 294
Oct-2014 234
Nov-2014 293
Dec-2014 274
Jan-2015 204
Feb-2015 259
Mar-2015 96
Apr-2015 273
May-2015 342
Jun-2015 171
Jul-2015 282
Aug-2015 134
Sep-2015 150
Oct-2015 304
Nov-2015 229
Dec-2015 269
Jan-2016 133
Feb-2016 197
Mar-2016 255
Apr-2016 193
May-2016 45
Jun-2016 246
Jul-2016 374
Aug-2016 142
Sep-2016 305
Oct-2016 99
Nov-2016 117
Dec-2016 225
Jan-2017 220
Feb-2017 220
Mar-2017 121
Apr-2017 205
May-2017 206
Jun-2017 203
Jul-2017 189
Aug-2017 147
Sep-2017 88
Oct-2017 143
Nov-2017 223
Dec-2017 150
Jan-2018 137
Feb-2018 394
Mar-2018 226
Apr-2018 142
May-2018 318
Jun-2018 219
Jul-2018 61
Aug-2018 259
Sep-2018 79
Oct-2018 168
Nov-2018 91
Dec-2018 192
Jan-2019 250
Feb-2019 6
Mar-2019 230
Apr-2019 298
May-2019 28
Jun-2019 218
Jul-2019 97
Aug-2019 235
Sep-2019 194
Oct-2019 95
Nov-2019 208
Dec-2019 127
Jan-2020 236
Feb-2020 261
Mar-2020 -1397
Apr-2020 -20471
May-2020 2616
Jun-2020 4631
Jul-2020 1584
Aug-2020 1564
Sep-2020 951
Oct-2020 691
Nov-2020 270
Dec-2020 -183
Jan-2021 365
Feb-2021 509
Mar-2021 824
Apr-2021 365
May-2021 421
Jun-2021 796
Jul-2021 931
Aug-2021 487
Sep-2021 466
Oct-2021 857
Nov-2021 637
Dec-2021 575
Jan-2022 225
Feb-2022 869
Mar-2022 471
Apr-2022 305
May-2022 241
Jun-2022 461
Jul-2022 696
Aug-2022 237
Sep-2022 227
Oct-2022 400
Nov-2022 297
Dec-2022 126
Jan-2023 444
Feb-2023 306
Mar-2023 85
Apr-2023 216
May-2023 227
Jun-2023 257
Jul-2023 148
Aug-2023 157
Sep-2023 158
Oct-2023 186
Nov-2023 141
Dec-2023 269
Jan-2024 119
Feb-2024 222
Mar-2024 246
Apr-2024 118
May-2024 193
Jun-2024 87
Jul-2024 88
Aug-2024 71
Sep-2024 240
Oct-2024 44
Nov-2024 261
Dec-2024 307
Jan-2025 143
ChartData Download data

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Note: Shaded areas denote recessions.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics public data series. 

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Jobs Day

Unemployment rate, 1948–2025

date Unemployment Rate
Jan-1948 3.40%
Feb-1948 3.80%
Mar-1948 4.00%
Apr-1948 3.90%
May-1948 3.50%
Jun-1948 3.60%
Jul-1948 3.60%
Aug-1948 3.90%
Sep-1948 3.80%
Oct-1948 3.70%
Nov-1948 3.80%
Dec-1948 4.00%
Jan-1949 4.30%
Feb-1949 4.70%
Mar-1949 5.00%
Apr-1949 5.30%
May-1949 6.10%
Jun-1949 6.20%
Jul-1949 6.70%
Aug-1949 6.80%
Sep-1949 6.60%
Oct-1949 7.90%
Nov-1949 6.40%
Dec-1949 6.60%
Jan-1950 6.50%
Feb-1950 6.40%
Mar-1950 6.30%
Apr-1950 5.80%
May-1950 5.50%
Jun-1950 5.40%
Jul-1950 5.00%
Aug-1950 4.50%
Sep-1950 4.40%
Oct-1950 4.20%
Nov-1950 4.20%
Dec-1950 4.30%
Jan-1951 3.70%
Feb-1951 3.40%
Mar-1951 3.40%
Apr-1951 3.10%
May-1951 3.00%
Jun-1951 3.20%
Jul-1951 3.10%
Aug-1951 3.10%
Sep-1951 3.30%
Oct-1951 3.50%
Nov-1951 3.50%
Dec-1951 3.10%
Jan-1952 3.20%
Feb-1952 3.10%
Mar-1952 2.90%
Apr-1952 2.90%
May-1952 3.00%
Jun-1952 3.00%
Jul-1952 3.20%
Aug-1952 3.40%
Sep-1952 3.10%
Oct-1952 3.00%
Nov-1952 2.80%
Dec-1952 2.70%
Jan-1953 2.90%
Feb-1953 2.60%
Mar-1953 2.60%
Apr-1953 2.70%
May-1953 2.50%
Jun-1953 2.50%
Jul-1953 2.60%
Aug-1953 2.70%
Sep-1953 2.90%
Oct-1953 3.10%
Nov-1953 3.50%
Dec-1953 4.50%
Jan-1954 4.90%
Feb-1954 5.20%
Mar-1954 5.70%
Apr-1954 5.90%
May-1954 5.90%
Jun-1954 5.60%
Jul-1954 5.80%
Aug-1954 6.00%
Sep-1954 6.10%
Oct-1954 5.70%
Nov-1954 5.30%
Dec-1954 5.00%
Jan-1955 4.90%
Feb-1955 4.70%
Mar-1955 4.60%
Apr-1955 4.70%
May-1955 4.30%
Jun-1955 4.20%
Jul-1955 4.00%
Aug-1955 4.20%
Sep-1955 4.10%
Oct-1955 4.30%
Nov-1955 4.20%
Dec-1955 4.20%
Jan-1956 4.00%
Feb-1956 3.90%
Mar-1956 4.20%
Apr-1956 4.00%
May-1956 4.30%
Jun-1956 4.30%
Jul-1956 4.40%
Aug-1956 4.10%
Sep-1956 3.90%
Oct-1956 3.90%
Nov-1956 4.30%
Dec-1956 4.20%
Jan-1957 4.20%
Feb-1957 3.90%
Mar-1957 3.70%
Apr-1957 3.90%
May-1957 4.10%
Jun-1957 4.30%
Jul-1957 4.20%
Aug-1957 4.10%
Sep-1957 4.40%
Oct-1957 4.50%
Nov-1957 5.10%
Dec-1957 5.20%
Jan-1958 5.80%
Feb-1958 6.40%
Mar-1958 6.70%
Apr-1958 7.40%
May-1958 7.40%
Jun-1958 7.30%
Jul-1958 7.50%
Aug-1958 7.40%
Sep-1958 7.10%
Oct-1958 6.70%
Nov-1958 6.20%
Dec-1958 6.20%
Jan-1959 6.00%
Feb-1959 5.90%
Mar-1959 5.60%
Apr-1959 5.20%
May-1959 5.10%
Jun-1959 5.00%
Jul-1959 5.10%
Aug-1959 5.20%
Sep-1959 5.50%
Oct-1959 5.70%
Nov-1959 5.80%
Dec-1959 5.30%
Jan-1960 5.20%
Feb-1960 4.80%
Mar-1960 5.40%
Apr-1960 5.20%
May-1960 5.10%
Jun-1960 5.40%
Jul-1960 5.50%
Aug-1960 5.60%
Sep-1960 5.50%
Oct-1960 6.10%
Nov-1960 6.10%
Dec-1960 6.60%
Jan-1961 6.60%
Feb-1961 6.90%
Mar-1961 6.90%
Apr-1961 7.00%
May-1961 7.10%
Jun-1961 6.90%
Jul-1961 7.00%
Aug-1961 6.60%
Sep-1961 6.70%
Oct-1961 6.50%
Nov-1961 6.10%
Dec-1961 6.00%
Jan-1962 5.80%
Feb-1962 5.50%
Mar-1962 5.60%
Apr-1962 5.60%
May-1962 5.50%
Jun-1962 5.50%
Jul-1962 5.40%
Aug-1962 5.70%
Sep-1962 5.60%
Oct-1962 5.40%
Nov-1962 5.70%
Dec-1962 5.50%
Jan-1963 5.70%
Feb-1963 5.90%
Mar-1963 5.70%
Apr-1963 5.70%
May-1963 5.90%
Jun-1963 5.60%
Jul-1963 5.60%
Aug-1963 5.40%
Sep-1963 5.50%
Oct-1963 5.50%
Nov-1963 5.70%
Dec-1963 5.50%
Jan-1964 5.60%
Feb-1964 5.40%
Mar-1964 5.40%
Apr-1964 5.30%
May-1964 5.10%
Jun-1964 5.20%
Jul-1964 4.90%
Aug-1964 5.00%
Sep-1964 5.10%
Oct-1964 5.10%
Nov-1964 4.80%
Dec-1964 5.00%
Jan-1965 4.90%
Feb-1965 5.10%
Mar-1965 4.70%
Apr-1965 4.80%
May-1965 4.60%
Jun-1965 4.60%
Jul-1965 4.40%
Aug-1965 4.40%
Sep-1965 4.30%
Oct-1965 4.20%
Nov-1965 4.10%
Dec-1965 4.00%
Jan-1966 4.00%
Feb-1966 3.80%
Mar-1966 3.80%
Apr-1966 3.80%
May-1966 3.90%
Jun-1966 3.80%
Jul-1966 3.80%
Aug-1966 3.80%
Sep-1966 3.70%
Oct-1966 3.70%
Nov-1966 3.60%
Dec-1966 3.80%
Jan-1967 3.90%
Feb-1967 3.80%
Mar-1967 3.80%
Apr-1967 3.80%
May-1967 3.80%
Jun-1967 3.90%
Jul-1967 3.80%
Aug-1967 3.80%
Sep-1967 3.80%
Oct-1967 4.00%
Nov-1967 3.90%
Dec-1967 3.80%
Jan-1968 3.70%
Feb-1968 3.80%
Mar-1968 3.70%
Apr-1968 3.50%
May-1968 3.50%
Jun-1968 3.70%
Jul-1968 3.70%
Aug-1968 3.50%
Sep-1968 3.40%
Oct-1968 3.40%
Nov-1968 3.40%
Dec-1968 3.40%
Jan-1969 3.40%
Feb-1969 3.40%
Mar-1969 3.40%
Apr-1969 3.40%
May-1969 3.40%
Jun-1969 3.50%
Jul-1969 3.50%
Aug-1969 3.50%
Sep-1969 3.70%
Oct-1969 3.70%
Nov-1969 3.50%
Dec-1969 3.50%
Jan-1970 3.90%
Feb-1970 4.20%
Mar-1970 4.40%
Apr-1970 4.60%
May-1970 4.80%
Jun-1970 4.90%
Jul-1970 5.00%
Aug-1970 5.10%
Sep-1970 5.40%
Oct-1970 5.50%
Nov-1970 5.90%
Dec-1970 6.10%
Jan-1971 5.90%
Feb-1971 5.90%
Mar-1971 6.00%
Apr-1971 5.90%
May-1971 5.90%
Jun-1971 5.90%
Jul-1971 6.00%
Aug-1971 6.10%
Sep-1971 6.00%
Oct-1971 5.80%
Nov-1971 6.00%
Dec-1971 6.00%
Jan-1972 5.80%
Feb-1972 5.70%
Mar-1972 5.80%
Apr-1972 5.70%
May-1972 5.70%
Jun-1972 5.70%
Jul-1972 5.60%
Aug-1972 5.60%
Sep-1972 5.50%
Oct-1972 5.60%
Nov-1972 5.30%
Dec-1972 5.20%
Jan-1973 4.90%
Feb-1973 5.00%
Mar-1973 4.90%
Apr-1973 5.00%
May-1973 4.90%
Jun-1973 4.90%
Jul-1973 4.80%
Aug-1973 4.80%
Sep-1973 4.80%
Oct-1973 4.60%
Nov-1973 4.80%
Dec-1973 4.90%
Jan-1974 5.10%
Feb-1974 5.20%
Mar-1974 5.10%
Apr-1974 5.10%
May-1974 5.10%
Jun-1974 5.40%
Jul-1974 5.50%
Aug-1974 5.50%
Sep-1974 5.90%
Oct-1974 6.00%
Nov-1974 6.60%
Dec-1974 7.20%
Jan-1975 8.10%
Feb-1975 8.10%
Mar-1975 8.60%
Apr-1975 8.80%
May-1975 9.00%
Jun-1975 8.80%
Jul-1975 8.60%
Aug-1975 8.40%
Sep-1975 8.40%
Oct-1975 8.40%
Nov-1975 8.30%
Dec-1975 8.20%
Jan-1976 7.90%
Feb-1976 7.70%
Mar-1976 7.60%
Apr-1976 7.70%
May-1976 7.40%
Jun-1976 7.60%
Jul-1976 7.80%
Aug-1976 7.80%
Sep-1976 7.60%
Oct-1976 7.70%
Nov-1976 7.80%
Dec-1976 7.80%
Jan-1977 7.50%
Feb-1977 7.60%
Mar-1977 7.40%
Apr-1977 7.20%
May-1977 7.00%
Jun-1977 7.20%
Jul-1977 6.90%
Aug-1977 7.00%
Sep-1977 6.80%
Oct-1977 6.80%
Nov-1977 6.80%
Dec-1977 6.40%
Jan-1978 6.40%
Feb-1978 6.30%
Mar-1978 6.30%
Apr-1978 6.10%
May-1978 6.00%
Jun-1978 5.90%
Jul-1978 6.20%
Aug-1978 5.90%
Sep-1978 6.00%
Oct-1978 5.80%
Nov-1978 5.90%
Dec-1978 6.00%
Jan-1979 5.90%
Feb-1979 5.90%
Mar-1979 5.80%
Apr-1979 5.80%
May-1979 5.60%
Jun-1979 5.70%
Jul-1979 5.70%
Aug-1979 6.00%
Sep-1979 5.90%
Oct-1979 6.00%
Nov-1979 5.90%
Dec-1979 6.00%
Jan-1980 6.30%
Feb-1980 6.30%
Mar-1980 6.30%
Apr-1980 6.90%
May-1980 7.50%
Jun-1980 7.60%
Jul-1980 7.80%
Aug-1980 7.70%
Sep-1980 7.50%
Oct-1980 7.50%
Nov-1980 7.50%
Dec-1980 7.20%
Jan-1981 7.50%
Feb-1981 7.40%
Mar-1981 7.40%
Apr-1981 7.20%
May-1981 7.50%
Jun-1981 7.50%
Jul-1981 7.20%
Aug-1981 7.40%
Sep-1981 7.60%
Oct-1981 7.90%
Nov-1981 8.30%
Dec-1981 8.50%
Jan-1982 8.60%
Feb-1982 8.90%
Mar-1982 9.00%
Apr-1982 9.30%
May-1982 9.40%
Jun-1982 9.60%
Jul-1982 9.80%
Aug-1982 9.80%
Sep-1982 10.10%
Oct-1982 10.40%
Nov-1982 10.80%
Dec-1982 10.80%
Jan-1983 10.40%
Feb-1983 10.40%
Mar-1983 10.30%
Apr-1983 10.20%
May-1983 10.10%
Jun-1983 10.10%
Jul-1983 9.40%
Aug-1983 9.50%
Sep-1983 9.20%
Oct-1983 8.80%
Nov-1983 8.50%
Dec-1983 8.30%
Jan-1984 8.00%
Feb-1984 7.80%
Mar-1984 7.80%
Apr-1984 7.70%
May-1984 7.40%
Jun-1984 7.20%
Jul-1984 7.50%
Aug-1984 7.50%
Sep-1984 7.30%
Oct-1984 7.40%
Nov-1984 7.20%
Dec-1984 7.30%
Jan-1985 7.30%
Feb-1985 7.20%
Mar-1985 7.20%
Apr-1985 7.30%
May-1985 7.20%
Jun-1985 7.40%
Jul-1985 7.40%
Aug-1985 7.10%
Sep-1985 7.10%
Oct-1985 7.10%
Nov-1985 7.00%
Dec-1985 7.00%
Jan-1986 6.70%
Feb-1986 7.20%
Mar-1986 7.20%
Apr-1986 7.10%
May-1986 7.20%
Jun-1986 7.20%
Jul-1986 7.00%
Aug-1986 6.90%
Sep-1986 7.00%
Oct-1986 7.00%
Nov-1986 6.90%
Dec-1986 6.60%
Jan-1987 6.60%
Feb-1987 6.60%
Mar-1987 6.60%
Apr-1987 6.30%
May-1987 6.30%
Jun-1987 6.20%
Jul-1987 6.10%
Aug-1987 6.00%
Sep-1987 5.90%
Oct-1987 6.00%
Nov-1987 5.80%
Dec-1987 5.70%
Jan-1988 5.70%
Feb-1988 5.70%
Mar-1988 5.70%
Apr-1988 5.40%
May-1988 5.60%
Jun-1988 5.40%
Jul-1988 5.40%
Aug-1988 5.60%
Sep-1988 5.40%
Oct-1988 5.40%
Nov-1988 5.30%
Dec-1988 5.30%
Jan-1989 5.40%
Feb-1989 5.20%
Mar-1989 5.00%
Apr-1989 5.20%
May-1989 5.20%
Jun-1989 5.30%
Jul-1989 5.20%
Aug-1989 5.20%
Sep-1989 5.30%
Oct-1989 5.30%
Nov-1989 5.40%
Dec-1989 5.40%
Jan-1990 5.40%
Feb-1990 5.30%
Mar-1990 5.20%
Apr-1990 5.40%
May-1990 5.40%
Jun-1990 5.20%
Jul-1990 5.50%
Aug-1990 5.70%
Sep-1990 5.90%
Oct-1990 5.90%
Nov-1990 6.20%
Dec-1990 6.30%
Jan-1991 6.40%
Feb-1991 6.60%
Mar-1991 6.80%
Apr-1991 6.70%
May-1991 6.90%
Jun-1991 6.90%
Jul-1991 6.80%
Aug-1991 6.90%
Sep-1991 6.90%
Oct-1991 7.00%
Nov-1991 7.00%
Dec-1991 7.30%
Jan-1992 7.30%
Feb-1992 7.40%
Mar-1992 7.40%
Apr-1992 7.40%
May-1992 7.60%
Jun-1992 7.80%
Jul-1992 7.70%
Aug-1992 7.60%
Sep-1992 7.60%
Oct-1992 7.30%
Nov-1992 7.40%
Dec-1992 7.40%
Jan-1993 7.30%
Feb-1993 7.10%
Mar-1993 7.00%
Apr-1993 7.10%
May-1993 7.10%
Jun-1993 7.00%
Jul-1993 6.90%
Aug-1993 6.80%
Sep-1993 6.70%
Oct-1993 6.80%
Nov-1993 6.60%
Dec-1993 6.50%
Jan-1994 6.60%
Feb-1994 6.60%
Mar-1994 6.50%
Apr-1994 6.40%
May-1994 6.10%
Jun-1994 6.10%
Jul-1994 6.10%
Aug-1994 6.00%
Sep-1994 5.90%
Oct-1994 5.80%
Nov-1994 5.60%
Dec-1994 5.50%
Jan-1995 5.60%
Feb-1995 5.40%
Mar-1995 5.40%
Apr-1995 5.80%
May-1995 5.60%
Jun-1995 5.60%
Jul-1995 5.70%
Aug-1995 5.70%
Sep-1995 5.60%
Oct-1995 5.50%
Nov-1995 5.60%
Dec-1995 5.60%
Jan-1996 5.60%
Feb-1996 5.50%
Mar-1996 5.50%
Apr-1996 5.60%
May-1996 5.60%
Jun-1996 5.30%
Jul-1996 5.50%
Aug-1996 5.10%
Sep-1996 5.20%
Oct-1996 5.20%
Nov-1996 5.40%
Dec-1996 5.40%
Jan-1997 5.30%
Feb-1997 5.20%
Mar-1997 5.20%
Apr-1997 5.10%
May-1997 4.90%
Jun-1997 5.00%
Jul-1997 4.90%
Aug-1997 4.80%
Sep-1997 4.90%
Oct-1997 4.70%
Nov-1997 4.60%
Dec-1997 4.70%
Jan-1998 4.60%
Feb-1998 4.60%
Mar-1998 4.70%
Apr-1998 4.30%
May-1998 4.40%
Jun-1998 4.50%
Jul-1998 4.50%
Aug-1998 4.50%
Sep-1998 4.60%
Oct-1998 4.50%
Nov-1998 4.40%
Dec-1998 4.40%
Jan-1999 4.30%
Feb-1999 4.40%
Mar-1999 4.20%
Apr-1999 4.30%
May-1999 4.20%
Jun-1999 4.30%
Jul-1999 4.30%
Aug-1999 4.20%
Sep-1999 4.20%
Oct-1999 4.10%
Nov-1999 4.10%
Dec-1999 4.00%
Jan-2000 4.00%
Feb-2000 4.10%
Mar-2000 4.00%
Apr-2000 3.80%
May-2000 4.00%
Jun-2000 4.00%
Jul-2000 4.00%
Aug-2000 4.10%
Sep-2000 3.90%
Oct-2000 3.90%
Nov-2000 3.90%
Dec-2000 3.90%
Jan-2001 4.20%
Feb-2001 4.20%
Mar-2001 4.30%
Apr-2001 4.40%
May-2001 4.30%
Jun-2001 4.50%
Jul-2001 4.60%
Aug-2001 4.90%
Sep-2001 5.00%
Oct-2001 5.30%
Nov-2001 5.50%
Dec-2001 5.70%
Jan-2002 5.70%
Feb-2002 5.70%
Mar-2002 5.70%
Apr-2002 5.90%
May-2002 5.80%
Jun-2002 5.80%
Jul-2002 5.80%
Aug-2002 5.70%
Sep-2002 5.70%
Oct-2002 5.70%
Nov-2002 5.90%
Dec-2002 6.00%
Jan-2003 5.80%
Feb-2003 5.90%
Mar-2003 5.90%
Apr-2003 6.00%
May-2003 6.10%
Jun-2003 6.30%
Jul-2003 6.20%
Aug-2003 6.10%
Sep-2003 6.10%
Oct-2003 6.00%
Nov-2003 5.80%
Dec-2003 5.70%
Jan-2004 5.70%
Feb-2004 5.60%
Mar-2004 5.80%
Apr-2004 5.60%
May-2004 5.60%
Jun-2004 5.60%
Jul-2004 5.50%
Aug-2004 5.40%
Sep-2004 5.40%
Oct-2004 5.50%
Nov-2004 5.40%
Dec-2004 5.40%
Jan-2005 5.30%
Feb-2005 5.40%
Mar-2005 5.20%
Apr-2005 5.20%
May-2005 5.10%
Jun-2005 5.00%
Jul-2005 5.00%
Aug-2005 4.90%
Sep-2005 5.00%
Oct-2005 5.00%
Nov-2005 5.00%
Dec-2005 4.90%
Jan-2006 4.70%
Feb-2006 4.80%
Mar-2006 4.70%
Apr-2006 4.70%
May-2006 4.60%
Jun-2006 4.60%
Jul-2006 4.70%
Aug-2006 4.70%
Sep-2006 4.50%
Oct-2006 4.40%
Nov-2006 4.50%
Dec-2006 4.40%
Jan-2007 4.60%
Feb-2007 4.50%
Mar-2007 4.40%
Apr-2007 4.50%
May-2007 4.40%
Jun-2007 4.60%
Jul-2007 4.70%
Aug-2007 4.60%
Sep-2007 4.70%
Oct-2007 4.70%
Nov-2007 4.70%
Dec-2007 5.00%
Jan-2008 5.00%
Feb-2008 4.90%
Mar-2008 5.10%
Apr-2008 5.00%
May-2008 5.40%
Jun-2008 5.60%
Jul-2008 5.80%
Aug-2008 6.10%
Sep-2008 6.10%
Oct-2008 6.50%
Nov-2008 6.80%
Dec-2008 7.30%
Jan-2009 7.80%
Feb-2009 8.30%
Mar-2009 8.70%
Apr-2009 9.00%
May-2009 9.40%
Jun-2009 9.50%
Jul-2009 9.50%
Aug-2009 9.60%
Sep-2009 9.80%
Oct-2009 10.00%
Nov-2009 9.90%
Dec-2009 9.90%
Jan-2010 9.80%
Feb-2010 9.80%
Mar-2010 9.90%
Apr-2010 9.90%
May-2010 9.60%
Jun-2010 9.40%
Jul-2010 9.40%
Aug-2010 9.50%
Sep-2010 9.50%
Oct-2010 9.40%
Nov-2010 9.80%
Dec-2010 9.30%
Jan-2011 9.10%
Feb-2011 9.00%
Mar-2011 9.00%
Apr-2011 9.10%
May-2011 9.00%
Jun-2011 9.10%
Jul-2011 9.00%
Aug-2011 9.00%
Sep-2011 9.00%
Oct-2011 8.80%
Nov-2011 8.60%
Dec-2011 8.50%
Jan-2012 8.30%
Feb-2012 8.30%
Mar-2012 8.20%
Apr-2012 8.20%
May-2012 8.20%
Jun-2012 8.20%
Jul-2012 8.20%
Aug-2012 8.10%
Sep-2012 7.80%
Oct-2012 7.80%
Nov-2012 7.70%
Dec-2012 7.90%
Jan-2013 8.00%
Feb-2013 7.70%
Mar-2013 7.50%
Apr-2013 7.60%
May-2013 7.50%
Jun-2013 7.50%
Jul-2013 7.30%
Aug-2013 7.20%
Sep-2013 7.20%
Oct-2013 7.20%
Nov-2013 6.90%
Dec-2013 6.70%
Jan-2014 6.60%
Feb-2014 6.70%
Mar-2014 6.70%
Apr-2014 6.20%
May-2014 6.30%
Jun-2014 6.10%
Jul-2014 6.20%
Aug-2014 6.10%
Sep-2014 5.90%
Oct-2014 5.70%
Nov-2014 5.80%
Dec-2014 5.60%
Jan-2015 5.70%
Feb-2015 5.50%
Mar-2015 5.40%
Apr-2015 5.40%
May-2015 5.60%
Jun-2015 5.30%
Jul-2015 5.20%
Aug-2015 5.10%
Sep-2015 5.00%
Oct-2015 5.00%
Nov-2015 5.10%
Dec-2015 5.00%
Jan-2016 4.80%
Feb-2016 4.90%
Mar-2016 5.00%
Apr-2016 5.10%
May-2016 4.80%
Jun-2016 4.90%
Jul-2016 4.80%
Aug-2016 4.90%
Sep-2016 5.00%
Oct-2016 4.90%
Nov-2016 4.70%
Dec-2016 4.70%
Jan-2017 4.70%
Feb-2017 4.60%
Mar-2017 4.40%
Apr-2017 4.40%
May-2017 4.40%
Jun-2017 4.30%
Jul-2017 4.30%
Aug-2017 4.40%
Sep-2017 4.30%
Oct-2017 4.20%
Nov-2017 4.20%
Dec-2017 4.10%
Jan-2018 4.00%
Feb-2018 4.10%
Mar-2018 4.00%
Apr-2018 4.00%
May-2018 3.80%
Jun-2018 4.00%
Jul-2018 3.80%
Aug-2018 3.80%
Sep-2018 3.70%
Oct-2018 3.80%
Nov-2018 3.80%
Dec-2018 3.90%
Jan-2019 4.00%
Feb-2019 3.80%
Mar-2019 3.80%
Apr-2019 3.60%
May-2019 3.60%
Jun-2019 3.60%
Jul-2019 3.70%
Aug-2019 3.70%
Sep-2019 3.50%
Oct-2019 3.60%
Nov-2019 3.60%
Dec-2019 3.60%
Jan-2020 3.50%
Feb-2020 3.50%
Mar-2020 4.40%
Apr-2020 14.70%
May-2020 13.20%
Jun-2020 11.00%
Jul-2020 10.20%
Aug-2020 8.40%
Sep-2020 7.90%
Oct-2020 6.90%
Nov-2020 6.70%
Dec-2020 6.70%
Jan-2021 6.40%
Feb-2021 6.20%
Mar-2021 6.00%
Apr-2021 6.00%
May-2021 5.80%
Jun-2021 5.90%
Jul-2021 5.40%
Aug-2021 5.20%
Sep-2021 4.70%
Oct-2021 4.60%
Nov-2021 4.20%
Dec-2021 3.90%
Jan-2022 4.00%
Feb-2022 3.80%
Mar-2022 3.60%
Apr-2022 3.60%
May-2022 3.60%
Jun-2022 3.60%
Jul-2022 3.50%
Aug-2022 3.70%
Sep-2022 3.50%
Oct-2022 3.70%
Nov-2022 3.60%
Dec-2022 3.50%
Jan-2023 3.40%
Feb-2023 3.60%
Mar-2023 3.50%
Apr-2023 3.40%
May-2023 3.70%
Jun-2023 3.6%
Jul-2023 3.5%
Aug-2023 3.8%
Sep-2023 3.8%
Oct-2023 3.8%
Nov-2023 3.7%
Dec-2023 3.7%
Jan-2024 3.7%
Feb-2024 3.9%
Mar-2024 3.8%
Apr-2024 3.9%
May-2024 4.0%
Jun-2024 4.1%
Jul-2024 4.3%
Aug-2024 4.2%
Sep-2024 4.1%
Oct-2024 4.1%
Nov-2024 4.2%
Dec-2024 4.1%
Jan-2025 4.0%
ChartData Download data

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Note: Shaded areas denote recessions.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey. 

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Jobs Day

Unemployment rate of workers age 16 and older by race and ethnicity, 1995–2025

Date White Black Hispanic AAPI
Jan-1995 4.8 10.3 10.2
Feb-1995 4.7 10.1 9
Mar-1995 4.7 9.7 8.9
Apr-1995 5 10.7 8.9
May-1995 5 10 9.8
Jun-1995 4.9 10.7 9.1
Jul-1995 4.9 10.9 8.8
Aug-1995 4.9 11.1 9.6
Sep-1995 4.9 11.1 9.1
Oct-1995 4.9 10 9.4
Nov-1995 5 9.7 9.5
Dec-1995 4.9 10.2 9.3
Jan-1996 4.9 10.6 9.4
Feb-1996 4.8 10 9.6
Mar-1996 4.8 10.6 9.6
Apr-1996 4.8 10.7 9.6
May-1996 4.9 10.2 9.6
Jun-1996 4.6 10.4 8.8
Jul-1996 4.7 10.6 8.8
Aug-1996 4.4 10.6 8.8
Sep-1996 4.5 10.6 8.2
Oct-1996 4.5 10.7 8
Nov-1996 4.6 10.6 8.5
Dec-1996 4.6 10.5 7.4
Jan-1997 4.5 10.8 8.4
Feb-1997 4.5 10.7 8.2
Mar-1997 4.4 10.5 8.3
Apr-1997 4.3 10.2 8.2
May-1997 4.1 10.3 7.7
Jun-1997 4.2 10.8 7.5
Jul-1997 4.2 9.5 7.9
Aug-1997 4.2 9.4 7.2
Sep-1997 4.2 9.5 7.4
Oct-1997 4.1 9.5 7.8
Nov-1997 3.9 9.5 7
Dec-1997 3.9 10 7.3
Jan-1998 4 9.4 7.1
Feb-1998 3.9 9.3 6.9
Mar-1998 4 9.2 6.9
Apr-1998 3.7 9.1 6.7
May-1998 3.8 8.9 6.9
Jun-1998 3.9 8.8 7.4
Jul-1998 3.8 9.5 7.3
Aug-1998 3.9 8.8 7.4
Sep-1998 3.9 9.1 7.3
Oct-1998 3.9 8.6 7.2
Nov-1998 3.8 8.6 7.1
Dec-1998 3.8 7.7 7.7
Jan-1999 3.8 7.8 6.7
Feb-1999 3.8 8.2 6.7
Mar-1999 3.6 8 5.8
Apr-1999 3.8 7.8 7
May-1999 3.7 7.4 6.7
Jun-1999 3.8 7.7 6.6
Jul-1999 3.7 8.7 6.5
Aug-1999 3.7 7.7 6.5
Sep-1999 3.6 8.5 6.7
Oct-1999 3.5 8.4 6.4
Nov-1999 3.5 8 6
Dec-1999 3.5 7.8 5.8
Jan-2000 3.4 8.2 5.6
Feb-2000 3.6 8.1 5.7
Mar-2000 3.5 7.4 6.1
Apr-2000 3.4 7% 5.5
May-2000 3.5 7.7 5.8
Jun-2000 3.4 7.8 5.6
Jul-2000 3.5 7.7 5.8
Aug-2000 3.6 7.9 5.9
Sep-2000 3.5 7.3 5.8
Oct-2000 3.4% 7.3 5.1
Nov-2000 3.5 7.3 6
Dec-2000 3.5 7.4 5.7
Jan-2001 3.6 8.2 5.8
Feb-2001 3.7 7.7 6.1
Mar-2001 3.7 8.3 6.2
Apr-2001 3.9 8 6.4
May-2001 3.8 7.9 6.3
Jun-2001 4 8.3 6.6
Jul-2001 4 8 6.2
Aug-2001 4.3 9.1 6.5
Sep-2001 4.3 8.9 6.7
Oct-2001 4.7 9.5 7.1
Nov-2001 4.9 9.8 7.3
Dec-2001 5.1 10.1 7.7
Jan-2002 5.1 10 7.8
Feb-2002 5 9.9 7
Mar-2002 5 10.5 7.5
Apr-2002 5.2 10.7 8
May-2002 5.1 10.2 7.1
Jun-2002 5.1 10.5 7.4
Jul-2002 5.2 9.8 7.4
Aug-2002 5.1 9.8 7.5
Sep-2002 5.1 9.7 7.4
Oct-2002 5.1 9.8 7.9
Nov-2002 5.1 10.7 7.8
Dec-2002 5.1 11.3 7.9
Jan-2003 5.2 10.5 7.9 5.5
Feb-2003 5.1 10.7 7.7 5.8
Mar-2003 5.1 10.3 7.8 6.5
Apr-2003 5.3 10.9 7.6 6
May-2003 5.4 10.9 8 5.5
Jun-2003 5.5 11.5 8.3 7.4
Jul-2003 5.4 10.9 8 5.9
Aug-2003 5.4 10.9 7.7 6
Sep-2003 5.3 11.1 7.3 6.4
Oct-2003 5.1 11.4 7.5 6.2
Nov-2003 5.2 10.2 7.4 5.2
Dec-2003 5 10.1 6.7 5.4
Jan-2004 5 10.4 7.3 5
Feb-2004 4.9 9.7 7.4 4.5
Mar-2004 5.1 10.3 7.6 4.3
Apr-2004 5 9.8 7.1 4.7
May-2004 4.9 10.1 6.9 4.6
Jun-2004 5 10.2 6.6 4.6
Jul-2004 4.7 11 6.8 3.9
Aug-2004 4.7 10.5 6.8 3.7
Sep-2004 4.6 10.3 6.8 4.5
Oct-2004 4.6 10.8 6.8 4.9
Nov-2004 4.6 10.7 6.7 4.1
Dec-2004 4.5 10.7 6.6 4.2
Jan-2005 4.5 10.6 6 4.1
Feb-2005 4.6 10.9 6.3 4.3
Mar-2005 4.5 10.5 5.8 3.9
Apr-2005 4.4 10.3 6.4 4.2
May-2005 4.4 10.1 6 4.2
Jun-2005 4.3 10.2 5.7 3.6
Jul-2005 4.2 9.2 5.5 4.8
Aug-2005 4.2 9.7 5.8 3.7
Sep-2005 4.4 9.4 6.4 4.3
Oct-2005 4.4 9.1 6 3.2
Nov-2005 4.3 10.6 6.1 3.6
Dec-2005 4.2 9.2 6.1 3.8
Jan-2006 4.1 8.9 5.5 3
Feb-2006 4.1 9.5 5.4 3
Mar-2006 4 9.5 5.2 3.5
Apr-2006 4.1 9.4 5.5 3.9
May-2006 4.1 8.7 5 3.3
Jun-2006 4.1 8.9 5.2 3.1
Jul-2006 4.1 9.5 5.2 2.4
Aug-2006 4.1 8.8 5.3 3
Sep-2006 3.9 9 5.5 3
Oct-2006 3.9 8.4 4.8% 2.8
Nov-2006 4 8.5 5.1 3.1
Dec-2006 3.9 8.3 5 2.5
Jan-2007 4.2 7.9 5.5 3.1
Feb-2007 4.1 8 5.1 2.6
Mar-2007 3.8 8.4 5 3
Apr-2007 4 8.3 5.6 3.5
May-2007 3.9 8.3 5.8 3.2
Jun-2007 4.1 8.5 5.5 2.7
Jul-2007 4.2 8.1 5.9 2.7
Aug-2007 4.2 7.6 5.5 3.5
Sep-2007 4.2 8 5.9 3.4
Oct-2007 4.1 8.5 5.7 3.8
Nov-2007 4.2 8.5 5.9 3.6
Dec-2007 4.4 9 6.3 3.7
Jan-2008 4.4 9.1 6.3 3.1
Feb-2008 4.4 8.4 6.2 2.9
Mar-2008 4.5 9.2 6.9 3.6
Apr-2008 4.4 8.6 7.1 3.5
May-2008 4.8 9.6 6.9 4.1
Jun-2008 5 9.4 7.6 4.2
Jul-2008 5.2 10 7.5 3.7
Aug-2008 5.4 10.6 8 4.5
Sep-2008 5.4 11.3 8 4
Oct-2008 5.9 11.4 8.8 3.9
Nov-2008 6.2 11.5 8.7 4.8
Dec-2008 6.7 12.1 9.4 5.1
Jan-2009 7.1 12.7 10.1 6.1
Feb-2009 7.6 13.7 11.3 6.7
Mar-2009 8 13.7 11.7 6.5
Apr-2009 8.1 15 11.4 6.8
May-2009 8.5 15 12.3 7
Jun-2009 8.7 14.8 12.1 7.9
Jul-2009 8.7 14.8 12.5 8.1
Aug-2009 8.9 16.8% 13 7.6
Sep-2009 8.9 15.3 12.6 7.6
Oct-2009 9.2 15.8 12.8 7.6
Nov-2009 9.2% 15.7 12.4 7.2
Dec-2009 9 16.1 12.8 8.4
Jan-2010 8.8 16.5 12.9 8.3
Feb-2010 8.9 16.1 12.7 8.2
Mar-2010 8.9 16.8 13% 7.6
Apr-2010 9 16.6 12.5 7
May-2010 8.7 15.5 12 7.8
Jun-2010 8.6 15.2 12.3 7.4
Jul-2010 8.5 15.6 12.2 7.9
Aug-2010 8.6 15.9 12 7.3
Sep-2010 8.6 16 12.3 6.6
Oct-2010 8.6 15.6 12.3 7.2
Nov-2010 8.9 16.2 12.9 7.5
Dec-2010 8.5 15.5 12.9 7.2
Jan-2011 8.1 15.8 12.3 6.8
Feb-2011 8.1 15.5 11.8 6.7
Mar-2011 8 15.8 11.6 7.3
Apr-2011 8.1 16.5 11.9 6.5
May-2011 7.9 16.3 11.6 7.2
Jun-2011 8.1 16.2 11.5 6.5
Jul-2011 8 15.9 11.2 7.4
Aug-2011 7.9 16.4 11.2 7.2
Sep-2011 7.9 15.9 11.2 8
Oct-2011 7.9 14.6 11.3 7.4
Nov-2011 7.7 15.6 11.2 6.4
Dec-2011 7.5 15.4 11.1 6.8
Jan-2012 7.4 13.6 10.7 6.7
Feb-2012 7.4 14 10.9 6.2
Mar-2012 7.3 14 10.6 6.4
Apr-2012 7.4 13.3 10.3 5.4
May-2012 7.4 13.5 10.9 5.5
Jun-2012 7.3 14.5 10.9 6.1
Jul-2012 7.3 14.2 10.2 5.9
Aug-2012 7.2 13.8 10.1 5.9
Sep-2012 7 13.6 9.7 4.9
Oct-2012 6.9 14.1 10 4.9
Nov-2012 6.8 13.3 9.9 6.3
Dec-2012 6.9 14 9.6 6.6
Jan-2013 7.1 13.7 9.7 6.4
Feb-2013 6.8 13.8 9.7 6
Mar-2013 6.7 13 9.3 5.1
Apr-2013 6.7 13.3 9 5.3
May-2013 6.7 13.4 9 4.5
Jun-2013 6.6 14.2 9.1 4.7
Jul-2013 6.5 12.6 9.4 5.3
Aug-2013 6.4 12.8 9.2 5.1
Sep-2013 6.3 13 8.8 5.4
Oct-2013 6.3 12.8 9.1 5.4
Nov-2013 6.1 12.3 8.7 5.2
Dec-2013 5.9 11.9 8.3 4.3
Jan-2014 5.7 12.1 8.3 4.7
Feb-2014 5.8 11.8 8.2 5.9
Mar-2014 5.8 12.1 7.9 5.5
Apr-2014 5.3 11.6 7.2 5.9
May-2014 5.4 11.4 7.7 5.7
Jun-2014 5.3 11 7.8 4.7
Jul-2014 5.3 11.6 7.7 4.2
Aug-2014 5.3 11.4 7.4 4.5
Sep-2014 5.1 11 6.8 4.4
Oct-2014 4.9 10.6 6.8 5.1
Nov-2014 5 10.9 6.6 4.8
Dec-2014 4.7 10.6 6.4 4.4
Jan-2015 4.9 10.3 6.7 4
Feb-2015 4.7 10.1 6.8 4
Mar-2015 4.8 9.9 6.8 3.2
Apr-2015 4.7 9.7 6.8 4.4
May-2015 4.8 10.3 6.8 4.1
Jun-2015 4.6 9.7 6.7 3.9
Jul-2015 4.5 9.1 6.9 3.9
Aug-2015 4.4 9.4 6.6 3.4
Sep-2015 4.4 9.3 6.2 3.5
Oct-2015 4.4 9 6.3 3.5
Nov-2015 4.4 9.4 6.4 3.9
Dec-2015 4.4 8.5 6.2 4.1
Jan-2016 4.2 8.5 5.9 3.6
Feb-2016 4.2 8.6 5.5 3.8
Mar-2016 4.3 8.9 5.6 3.9
Apr-2016 4.4 8.8 6.2 3.8
May-2016 4.2 8.2 5.7 4.1
Jun-2016 4.3 8.7 6 3.6
Jul-2016 4.2 8.2 5.4 3.8
Aug-2016 4.4 8 5.6 4.1
Sep-2016 4.4 8.5 6.2 3.8
Oct-2016 4.4 8.5 5.7 3.4
Nov-2016 4.2 8.2 5.6 3.1
Dec-2016 4.2 8 5.8 2.7
Jan-2017 4.2 7.4 5.8 3.7
Feb-2017 4 8 5.6 3.4
Mar-2017 3.9 7.9 5 3.3
Apr-2017 3.9 7.8 5.2 3.3
May-2017 3.8 7.6 5.2 3.6
Jun-2017 3.8 7.1 5 3.7
Jul-2017 3.7 7.2 5.1 3.8
Aug-2017 3.9 7.5 5.1 3.9
Sep-2017 3.7 7.2 5.1 3.6
Oct-2017 3.6 7.6 5 3
Nov-2017 3.7 7.5 4.9 3
Dec-2017 3.7 6.9 5 2.5
Jan-2018 3.5 7.5 4.9 3
Feb-2018 3.6 6.8 4.9 2.9
Mar-2018 3.5 6.6 4.9 3.1
Apr-2018 3.6 6.5 4.8 2.9
May-2018 3.5 5.8 4.8 2.2
Jun-2018 3.5 6.5 4.6 3.3
Jul-2018 3.3 6.4 4.5 3.1
Aug-2018 3.4 6.2 4.7 2.9
Sep-2018 3.3 6.2 4.6 3.5
Oct-2018 3.3 6.4 4.4 3.1
Nov-2018 3.4 6.2 4.6 2.8
Dec-2018 3.4 6.8 4.5 3.3
Jan-2019 3.5 6.9 4.8 3
Feb-2019 3.2 7 4.3 3.1
Mar-2019 3.3 6.5 4.5 3.1
Apr-2019 3.2 6.6 4.1 2.3
May-2019 3.3 6.1 4.1 2.5
Jun-2019 3.3 6 4.3 2.2
Jul-2019 3.3 5.6 4.4 2.8
Aug-2019 3.4 5.2 4.2 2.8
Sep-2019 3.2 5.4 4 2.5
Oct-2019 3.3 5.6 4.2 2.9
Nov-2019 3.3 5.7 4.3 2.6
Dec-2019 3.1 6.2 4.3 2.6
Jan-2020 3 6.1 4.3 3.1
Feb-2020 3 6 4.4 2.4
Mar-2020 3.9 6.8 6 4.1
Apr-2020 14.1 16.7 18.9 14.5
May-2020 12.3 16.7 17.6 14.9
Jun-2020 10.1 15.3 14.5 13.9
Jul-2020 9.2 14.4 12.7 11.9
Aug-2020 7.4 12.8 10.5 10.6
Sep-2020 7 12 10.3 8.8
Oct-2020 6 10.8 8.8 7.6
Nov-2020 5.9 10.3 8.4 6.7
Dec-2020 6 9.9 9.3 5.9
Jan-2021 5.7 9.2 8.6 6.6
Feb-2021 5.6 9.9 8.5 5.1
Mar-2021 5.4 9.6 7.9 6
Apr-2021 5.3 9.7 7.9 5.7
May-2021 5.1 9.1 7.3 5.5
Jun-2021 5.2 9.2 7.4 5.8
Jul-2021 4.8 8.2 6.6 5.3
Aug-2021 4.5 8.8 6.4 4.6
Sep-2021 4.2 7.9 6.3 4.2
Oct-2021 4 7.9 5.9 4.2
Nov-2021 3.7 6.5 5.2 3.9
Dec-2021 3.2 7.1 4.9 3.8 
Jan-2022 3.4  6.9 4.9 3.6 
Feb-2022 3.3  6.6 4.4  3.1 
Mar-2022  3.2 6.2 4.2 2.8
Apr-2022 3.2  5.9 4.1 3.1
May-2022  3.2  6.2  4.3 2.4 
Jun-2022 3.3 5.8 4.3 3
Jul-2022 3.1  6.0 3.9 2.6
Aug-2022 3.2%  6.4 4.5 2.8
Sep-2022 3.1%  5.8%  3.8%  2.5%
Oct-2022 3.3%  5.9%  4.2%  2.9% 
Nov-2022 3.3%  5.7%  4.0% 2.6% 
Dec-2022 3.0%  5.7%  4.1%  2.4% 
Jan-2023 3.1%  5.4%  4.5%  2.8%
Feb-2023 3.2%  5.7%  5.3%  3.4% 
Mar-2023 3.2%  5.0%  4.6%  2.8% 
Apr-2023 3.1%  4.7%  4.4%  2.8% 
May-2023 3.3%  5.6%  4.0%  2.9% 
June-2023 3.1%  6.0%  4.3%  3.2% 
Jul-2023 3.1%  5.8%  4.4%  2.3% 
Aug-2023 3.4%  5.3% 4.9%  3.2% 
Sep-2023 3.4 5.7  4.6  2.9
Oct-2023 3.5%  5.8% 4.8% 3.1% 
Nov-2023 3.3%  5.8%  4.6%  3.5% 
Dec-2023 3.5% 5.2%  5.0%  3.1% 
Jan-2024 3.4% 5.3% 5.0% 2.9%
Feb-2024 3.4% 5.6% 5.1% 3.4%
Mar-2024 3.4% 6.4% 4.5% 2.6%
Apr-2024 3.5% 5.6% 4.8% 2.9%
May-2024 3.5% 6.1% 5.0% 3.1%
Jun-2024 3.5% 6.3% 4.9% 4.1%
Jul-2024 3.8% 6.3% 5.3% 3.7%
Aug-2024 3.8% 6.1% 5.4% 4.1%
Sep-2024 3.7% 5.7% 5.1% 4.1%
Oct-2024 3.8% 5.7% 5.1% 3.9%
Nov-2024 3.8% 6.4% 5.3% 3.8%
Dec-2024 3.6% 6.1% 5.1% 3.5%
Jan-2025 3.5% 6.2% 4.8% 3.7%
ChartData Download data

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Notes: AAPI refers to Asian American and Pacific Islander. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Low-point and high-point of each series prior to the recovery from the Great Recession marked.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey, public data series. 

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Jobs Day

Employment-to-population ratio of workers ages 25–54, by gender, 1989–2025

Date Men Women
Jan-1989 89.9 70.5
Feb-1989 89.8 70.4
Mar-1989 89.9 70.2
Apr-1989 89.7 70.3
May-1989 89.8 70.1
Jun-1989 90 70.1
Jul-1989 89.9 70
Aug-1989 90 70.2
Sep-1989 89.7 70.7
Oct-1989 89.8 70.5
Nov-1989 89.9 70.8
Dec-1989 90 70.7
Jan-1990 89.9 70.9
Feb-1990 90.1 70.8
Mar-1990 89.8 70.8
Apr-1990 89.4 70.7
May-1990 89.3 70.8
Jun-1990 89.3 70.6
Jul-1990 89 70.6
Aug-1990 88.9 70.5
Sep-1990 88.7 70.5
Oct-1990 88.6 70.4
Nov-1990 88.5 70.2
Dec-1990 88.1 70.1
Jan-1991 88.2 69.9
Feb-1991 88 70.1
Mar-1991 87.7 70
Apr-1991 87.9 70.3
May-1991 87.4 70.1
Jun-1991 87.5 70.2
Jul-1991 87.5 70.1
Aug-1991 87.4 70
Sep-1991 87.5 70.1
Oct-1991 87.2 70
Nov-1991 87.1 70
Dec-1991 86.9 69.9 
Jan-1992 86.9 70.1
Feb-1992 86.6  70
Mar-1992 86.8 70
Apr-1992 86.9 70.2
May-1992 86.8 70.3
Jun-1992 86.9 70.3
Jul-1992 86.9 70.2
Aug-1992 86.9 70.2
Sep-1992 86.8 70.1
Oct-1992 86.7 70
Nov-1992 86.6 70.1
Dec-1992 86.7 69.9
Jan-1993 86.8 69.9
Feb-1993 86.7 69.9
Mar-1993 86.5 70.3
Apr-1993 86.8 69.9
May-1993 87 70.2
Jun-1993 87.1 70.4
Jul-1993 87.1 70.4
Aug-1993 87.2 70.6
Sep-1993 87.1 70.5
Oct-1993 87.1 70.5
Nov-1993 87.5 70.7
Dec-1993 87.4 71
Jan-1994 87.1 71
Feb-1994 86.8 71.3
Mar-1994 87 71.1
Apr-1994 87.1 71.2
May-1994 87.3 71.3
Jun-1994 87 70.9
Jul-1994 87 71.4
Aug-1994 87 71.7
Sep-1994 87.4 72.1
Oct-1994 87.5 71.9
Nov-1994 87.9 72
Dec-1994 88 71.8
Jan-1995 87.9 71.8
Feb-1995 88.1 72.2
Mar-1995 87.9 72.1
Apr-1995 87.7 72.2
May-1995 87.6 72.1
Jun-1995 87.6 71.7
Jul-1995 87.5 72.2
Aug-1995 87.4 72.1
Sep-1995 87.6 72.3
Oct-1995 87.6 72.3
Nov-1995 87.2 72.6
Dec-1995 87.2 72.4
Jan-1996 87.5 72.4
Feb-1996 87.7 72.4
Mar-1996 87.5 72.6
Apr-1996 87.5 72.6
May-1996 87.6 72.5
Jun-1996 87.8 72.7
Jul-1996 88.1 72.9
Aug-1996 88.4 73
Sep-1996 88.1 73
Oct-1996 88.3 73.1
Nov-1996 88.2 73
Dec-1996 88.3 73
Jan-1997 88.2 73.2
Feb-1997 88.2 72.9
Mar-1997 88.2 73.3
Apr-1997 88.1 73.5
May-1997 88.1 73.3
Jun-1997 88.4 73.6
Jul-1997 88.6 73.9
Aug-1997 88.7 74.1
Sep-1997 88.6 73.9
Oct-1997 88.6 73.8
Nov-1997 88.7 73.6
Dec-1997 88.6 73.6
Jan-1998 88.8 73.4
Feb-1998 88.9 73.4
Mar-1998 88.8 73.5
Apr-1998 88.9 73.5
May-1998 88.8 73.4
Jun-1998 88.7 73.6
Jul-1998 88.7 73.8
Aug-1998 88.8 73.9
Sep-1998 88.8 74
Oct-1998 88.8 73.7
Nov-1998 89.1 73.7
Dec-1998 88.9 74
Jan-1999 89.7 74.3
Feb-1999 89.2 74.1
Mar-1999 89.2 73.8
Apr-1999 89.1 73.8
May-1999 88.9 74.1
Jun-1999 88.8 74.2
Jul-1999 88.8 73.8
Aug-1999 88.7 74.1
Sep-1999 88.6 74.3
Oct-1999 88.7 74.5
Nov-1999 89 74.5
Dec-1999 89 74.3
Jan-2000 89.5 74.4
Feb-2000 89.4 74.5
Mar-2000 89.3 74.5
Apr-2000 89.2 74.9
May-2000 89 74.4
Jun-2000 89.1 74.2
Jul-2000 88.9 73.9
Aug-2000 88.9 73.6
Sep-2000 88.6 73.9
Oct-2000 88.6 73.9
Nov-2000 88.8 74.1
Dec-2000 88.9 74.1
Jan-2001 88.9  74.2 
Feb-2001 88.8 74.2
Mar-2001 88.5 74.3
Apr-2001 88.3 73.7
May-2001 88.3 73.7
Jun-2001 88.1 73.4
Jul-2001 87.9 73.4
Aug-2001 87.6 73.2
Sep-2001 87.6 73.1
Oct-2001 87.4 72.7
Nov-2001 87 72.6
Dec-2001 87.1 72.6
Jan-2002 86.8 72.5
Feb-2002 87.1 72.7
Mar-2002 87 72.5
Apr-2002 86.8 72.5
May-2002 86.9 72.2
Jun-2002 86.5  72.1
Jul-2002 86.5 71.9 
Aug-2002 86.8 72.1
Sep-2002 86.8 72.2
Oct-2002 86.6 72.1
Nov-2002 85.9 71.9
Dec-2002 86 72.2
Jan-2003 85.6 72.4
Feb-2003 85.9 72.1
Mar-2003 85.8 72.4
Apr-2003 85.9 72.4
May-2003 85.7 72.2
Jun-2003 85.8 72.3
Jul-2003 85.8 71.9
Aug-2003 85.7 72
Sep-2003 85.9 71.6 
Oct-2003 85.9 71.6
Nov-2003 86 71.7
Dec-2003 86.4 71.4
Jan-2004 86.4 71.6
Feb-2004 86.2 71.7
Mar-2004 86 71.8
Apr-2004 86.2 71.8
May-2004 86.3 71.9
Jun-2004 86.5 71.9
Jul-2004 86.7 71.9
Aug-2004 86.5 71.8
Sep-2004 86.4 71.9
Oct-2004 86.3 71.9
Nov-2004 86.5 72
Dec-2004 86.2 71.8
Jan-2005 86.5 72
Feb-2005 86.7 71.9
Mar-2005 86.8 71.8
Apr-2005 87 72
May-2005 87.1 72.1
Jun-2005 87 71.7
Jul-2005 87 71.9
Aug-2005 87.4 72.1
Sep-2005 87 72.1
Oct-2005 87 71.9
Nov-2005 86.8 71.9
Dec-2005 86.7 72.1
Jan-2006 87.2 72.2
Feb-2006 87.1 72.4
Mar-2006 87.4 72.3
Apr-2006 87.2 72.1
May-2006 87.2 72.3
Jun-2006 87.2 72.5
Jul-2006 87.1 72.7
Aug-2006 87.1 72.6
Sep-2006 87.4 72.5
Oct-2006 87.4 72.9
Nov-2006 87.5 72.7
Dec-2006 87.7 72.7
Jan-2007 88 72.8
Feb-2007 87.9 72.6
Mar-2007 88 72.7
Apr-2007 87.9 72.2
May-2007 87.7 72.5
Jun-2007 87.5 72.5
Jul-2007 87.3 72.4
Aug-2007 87.2 72.6
Sep-2007 87.1 72.5
Oct-2007 86.9 72.4
Nov-2007 87.2 72.5
Dec-2007 87.2 72.4
Jan-2008 87.4 72.7
Feb-2008 87.4 72.6
Mar-2008 87.1 72.6
Apr-2008 86.7 72.7
May-2008 86.5 72.6
Jun-2008 86.3 72.6
Jul-2008 86.2 72.4
Aug-2008 85.8 72.1
Sep-2008 85.4 72.3
Oct-2008 85.2 71.9
Nov-2008 84.7 71.7
Dec-2008 83.7 71.6
Jan-2009 83.1 71.1
Feb-2009 82.5 71
Mar-2009 82 70.6
Apr-2009 81.8 70.7
May-2009 81.5 70.4
Jun-2009 81.5 70.4
Jul-2009 81.3 70.4
Aug-2009 81.2 70
Sep-2009 80.8 69.5
Oct-2009 80.8 69.4
Nov-2009 80.7 69.8
Dec-2009 80.4 69.2
Jan-2010 80.7 69.8
Feb-2010 80.6 69.7
Mar-2010 80.8 69.5
Apr-2010 81.3 69.6
May-2010 81.1 69.3
Jun-2010 81.1 69.5
Jul-2010 81.1 69.1
Aug-2010 81.2 69 
Sep-2010 81.2 69.1
Oct-2010 81.1 69
Nov-2010 80.7 69.1
Dec-2010 80.8 69.4
Jan-2011 81.2 69.3
Feb-2011 81.4 69
Mar-2011 81.4 69.3
Apr-2011 81.2 69.1
May-2011 81.6 68.9
Jun-2011 81.3 68.8 
Jul-2011 81.1 69
Aug-2011 81.4 68.9
Sep-2011 81.3 68.7
Oct-2011 81.1 68.9
Nov-2011 81.9 68.8
Dec-2011 82.1 68.9
Jan-2012 82.5 68.9
Feb-2012 82.4 68.9
Mar-2012 82.5 69.2
Apr-2012 82.5 69.1
May-2012 82.5 69.2
Jun-2012 82.6 69
Jul-2012 82.4 69.1
Aug-2012 82.4 69.2
Sep-2012 82.7 69.5
Oct-2012 82.9 69.6
Nov-2012 82.5 69.4
Dec-2012 82.8 69.4
Jan-2013 82.6 68.9
Feb-2013 82.8 69
Mar-2013 82.8 69
Apr-2013 82.8 69.1
May-2013 83 69.3
Jun-2013 82.9 69.2
Jul-2013 82.9 69.4
Aug-2013 82.6 69.6
Sep-2013 82.6 69.6
Oct-2013 82.4 69
Nov-2013 83 69.3
Dec-2013 83 69.5
Jan-2014 83.2 69.8
Feb-2014 83 70.1
Mar-2014 83.5 69.8
Apr-2014 83.2 69.9
May-2014 83.3 69.8
Jun-2014 83.8 70.2
Jul-2014 83.8 69.8
Aug-2014 83.9 70.1
Sep-2014 84.1 69.8
Oct-2014 84 70.1
Nov-2014 83.9 70.3
Dec-2014 84.2 70.3
Jan-2015 84.3 70.2
Feb-2015 84.3 70.3
Mar-2015 84.5 70
Apr-2015 84.4 70.2
May-2015 84.3 70.4
Jun-2015 84.5 70.5
Jul-2015 84.4 70.1
Aug-2015 84.6 70.2
Sep-2015 84.6 70.2
Oct-2015 84.4 70.3
Nov-2015 84.4 70.7
Dec-2015 84.5 70.6
Jan-2016 84.9 70.7
Feb-2016 84.9 70.8
Mar-2016 85.2 70.9
Apr-2016 84.8 70.9
May-2016 84.9 71
Jun-2016 85.1 71
Jul-2016 84.9 71.4
Aug-2016 84.9 71.1
Sep-2016 84.9 71.4
Oct-2016 85 71.5
Nov-2016 85 71.4
Dec-2016 85 71.4
Jan-2017 85.3 71.3
Feb-2017 85.1 71.6
Mar-2017 85.2 72
Apr-2017 85.4 72
May-2017 85.3 71.9
Jun-2017 85.3 72.2
Jul-2017 85.3 72.4
Aug-2017 85 72.1
Sep-2017 85.6 72.5
Oct-2017 85.6 72.2
Nov-2017 85.6 72.5
Dec-2017 86 72.2
Jan-2018 85.9 72.1
Feb-2018 86.4 72.3
Mar-2018 86.2 72.4
Apr-2018 86.3 72.2
May-2018 86.3 72.5
Jun-2018 86.1 72.8
Jul-2018 86.3 73.1
Aug-2018 86 72.9
Sep-2018 85.9 73.1
Oct-2018 86.2 73.4
Nov-2018 86.3 73.1
Dec-2018 86 73.3
Jan-2019 86.4 73.3
Feb-2019 86.5 73.3
Mar-2019 86.7 73.1
Apr-2019 86.4 73.2
May-2019 86.3 73.3
Jun-2019 86.1 73.6
Jul-2019 86.2 73.2
Aug-2019 86.3 74
Sep-2019 86.4 74.2
Oct-2019 86.5 74.4
Nov-2019 86.7 74.1
Dec-2019 86.5 74.5
Jan-2020 86.6 74.6
Feb-2020 86.4 74.5
Mar-2020 85.8 73.3
Apr-2020 76 63.4
May-2020 77.9 64.9
Jun-2020 79.6 67.7
Jul-2020 79.9 68.1
Aug-2020 81.6 69.3
Sep-2020 81.5 68.9
Oct-2020 82.1 70.1
Nov-2020 81.9 70.2
Dec-2020 82.3 70.4
Jan-2021 82.5 70.4
Feb-2021 82.6 70.6
Mar-2021 82.8 71
Apr-2021 82.9 71.1
May-2021 82.9 71.3
Jun-2021 83.2 71.4
Jul-2021 83.8 71.9
Aug-2021 84 72
Sep-2021 84.1 72
Oct-2021 84.5 72.2
Nov-2021 84.8 72.9
Dec-2021 85.0 73.2
Jan-2022 85.1 73.3
Feb-2022 85.9 73.2
Mar-2022 86.1 74.1
Apr-2022 86.0 73.9
May-2022 86 74.1
Jun-2022 85.8 73.9
Jul-2022 85.9 74.2
Aug-2022 85.9 74.8
Sep-2022 86.2 74.4
Oct-2022 85.7 74
Nov-2022 85.7 73.8
Dec-2022 86.1 74.1
Jan-2023 85.8 74.7
Feb-2023 86.2 74.8
Mar-2023 86.5 74.9
Apr-2023 86.4 75.1
May-2023 86.4 75.1
Jun-2023 86.5 75.3
Jul-2023 86.6 75.3
Aug-2023 86.4 75.3
Sept-2023 86.4% 75.3%
Oct-2023 85.9% 75.3%
Nov-2023 86.2% 75.1%
Dec-2023 86.1% 74.8%
Jan-2024 86.2% 75.0%
Feb-2024 86.3% 75.2%
Mar-2024 86.3% 75.1%
Apr-2024 86.1% 75.5%
May-2024 86.0% 75.7%
Jun-2024 86.5% 75.1%
Jul-2024 86.6% 75.3%
Aug-2024 86.3% 75.6%
Sep-2024 86.4% 75.5%
Oct-2024 86.3% 74.9%
Nov-2024 86.1% 74.8%
Dec-2024 86.1% 75.0%
Jan-2025 86.4% 75.1%
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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data.

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Past employment reports

  • News from EPI › Jobs report shows more than 25 million workers are directly harmed by the COVID labor market: Congress must pass the full $1.9 trillion relief package immediately

    March 5, 2021 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › The U.S. labor market remains 9.9 million jobs below pre-pandemic levels

    February 5, 2021 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › December jobs report provides a clear picture of Trump’s failed handling of the economy

    January 8, 2021 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › Recovery continues to wane: Expiring unemployment relief means more trouble around the corner

    December 4, 2020 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › October jobs report: Next president inherits a devastated economy with millions out of work

    November 6, 2020 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › Slowdown in jobs added means we could be years away from a full recovery

    October 2, 2020 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › Six months into the recession and a 11.5 million jobs deficit remains

    September 4, 2020 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › The bounceback deflates: Job gains slow considerably in July

    August 7, 2020 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators