{"id":561,"date":"2019-06-03T05:00:51","date_gmt":"2019-06-03T13:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/?page_id=561"},"modified":"2020-04-11T06:58:54","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T14:58:54","slug":"db2-time-type","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/db2-basics\/db2-time-type\/","title":{"rendered":"Db2 TIME Type"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn about Db2 <code>TIME<\/code> type and how to use it to store times in the database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to Db2 TIME type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>TIME<\/code> type represents a time of day that consists of three parts: hours, minutes, and seconds. A <code>TIME<\/code> value ranges from <code>00.00.00<\/code> to <code>24.00.00<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following shows the syntax of the time type:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">TIME\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Internally, DB2 uses three bytes to store a time value. Each byte consists of two packed decimal digits. The first, second, and third bytes represent the hour, minute, and second respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Db2 stores time values in a special internal format and converts the time values to one of the following formats for the output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Format name<\/th><th>Abbreviation<\/th><th>Time format<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>International Standards Organization<\/td><td>ISO<\/td><td>hh.mm.ss<\/td><td>14.30.10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IBM USA standard<\/td><td>USA<\/td><td>hh:mm AM or PM<\/td><td>2:30 PM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IBM European standard<\/td><td>EUR<\/td><td>hh.mm.ss<\/td><td>2.30.10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japanese industrial standard Christian era<\/td><td>JIS<\/td><td>hh:mm:ss<\/td><td>14:30:10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Installation-defined<\/td><td>LOCAL<\/td><td>Any installation-defined form<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Db2 TIME Literals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Time literals must conform to the following rules:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Time literals cannot have leading blanks but can have trailing blanks.<\/li><li>The leading zeros of the hour parts can be skipped, for example, <code>01:00:00<\/code> is the same as <code>1:00:00<\/code>.<\/li><li>The second part of a time literal can be omitted. For example, <code>01:00:00<\/code> is the same as <code>01:00<\/code>.<\/li><li>If the USA format is not used and both minute and second are all zeros, the time literal can be the only hour such as 13 instead of 13:00:00.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If time literals use the USA format, they also conform to the following rules:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The minute part can be omitted, for example, 1:00 PM is equivalent to 1 PM.<\/li><li>AM or PM can be in uppercase or lowercase and must be preceded by a single blank.<\/li><li>The hour must be less than or equal to 12 and cannot be zero except for <code>00:00 AM<\/code><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Db2 TIME type example<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, <a href=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/db2-basics\/db2-create-table\/\">create a new table<\/a> named <code>daily_routines<\/code> to store daily routines:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> daily_routines(\n    routine_id <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span> \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GENERATED<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DEFAULT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IDENTITY<\/span> \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span> PRIMARY <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">KEY<\/span>,\n    routine <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>,\n    start_at <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">TIME<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>\n);\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Next, <a href=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/db2-basics\/db2-insert\/\">insert<\/a> five rows into the <code>daily_routines<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> \n    daily_routines(routine, start_at)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Get up'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'06:00'<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Brush your teeth'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'06:05'<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Have breakfast'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'06:15'<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Go to school'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'06:45'<\/span>),\n    (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Go home'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'17:00'<\/span>);\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Then, query all data from the table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    start_at, \n    routine\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n    daily_routines\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> \n    start_at;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"117\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Db2-TIME-data-in-a-table.png\" alt=\"Db2 TIME data in a table\" class=\"wp-image-562\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After that, find the routines after <code>06:05<\/code> using the greater than (<code>&gt;<\/code>) operator:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    start_at,\n    routine\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n    daily_routines\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n    start_at &gt; <span class=\"hljs-string\">'06:05'<\/span>;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"167\" height=\"79\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Db2-TIME-data-comparison.png\" alt=\"Db2 TIME data comparison\" class=\"wp-image-563\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, use the <code>CHAR()<\/code> function to format times in the USA format:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">CHAR<\/span>(start_at, USA) start_time,\n    routine\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n    daily_routines\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> \n    start_at;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"187\" height=\"119\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Db2-TIME-format-example.png\" alt=\"Db2 TIME format example\" class=\"wp-image-565\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Db2 TIME functions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) Getting the current time<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To get the current time of the operating system on which the Db2 instance is running, you use the <code>CURRENT_TIME<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CURRENT_TIME<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Current time\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n    sysibm.sysdummy1;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Here is the output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">Current time              \n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------------<\/span>\n17:07:28       \n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Or the following statement also returns the current time. Note that there is a space between the <code>CURRENT<\/code> and <code>TIME<\/code> keywords.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CURRENT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">TIME<\/span>    \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n    sysibm.sysdummy1;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) Extracting the hour, minute, and second from a time<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To extract time parts such as the hour, minute, and second from a time, you use the <code>HOUR()<\/code>, <code>MINUTE()<\/code>, and <code>SECOND()<\/code> function respectively as shown in the following query:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">HOUR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CURRENT_TIME<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Current hour\"<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MINUTE<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CURRENT_TIME<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Current time\"<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SECOND<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CURRENT_TIME<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Current second\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n    sysibm.sysdummy1;      \n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following picture shows the output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"223\" height=\"34\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Db2-TIME-extract-time-parts.png\" alt=\"Db2 TIME extract time parts\" class=\"wp-image-566\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3) Extracting the time from a timestamp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To extract the time part from a timestamp, you use the <code>TIME()<\/code> function. This statement uses the <code>TIME()<\/code> function to return the time from the current timestamp:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">TIME<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Current time\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n    sysibm.sysdummy1;      \n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Here is the result:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-12\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">Current time              \n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------------<\/span>\n17:14:00  \n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-12\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4) Formatting times<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>CHAR()<\/code> function formats a time in a specified format. For example, the following statement formats a time literal in ISO, USA, EUR, and JIS formats:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-13\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">CHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">TIME<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'17:07:08'<\/span>,ISO) ISO_format,\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">CHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">TIME<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'17:07:08'<\/span>,USA) USA_format,\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">CHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">TIME<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'17:07:08'<\/span>,EUR) EUR_format,\n    <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">CHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">TIME<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'17:07:08'<\/span>,JIS) JIS_format\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n    sysibm.sysdummy1; \n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-13\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Here is the output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"291\" height=\"37\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Db2-TIME-formats.png\" alt=\"Db2 TIME formats\" class=\"wp-image-567\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this tutorial, you have learned how to use the Db2 <code>TIME<\/code> type and how to store time values in the database.<\/p>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div 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