{"id":361,"date":"2019-05-26T03:12:26","date_gmt":"2019-05-26T11:12:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/?page_id=361"},"modified":"2020-04-11T06:59:35","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T14:59:35","slug":"db2-union","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/db2-basics\/db2-union\/","title":{"rendered":"Db2 UNION"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the Db2 <code>UNION<\/code> to combine the result sets of two or more subselects into a single result set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Db2 UNION Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Db2 <code>UNION<\/code> operator allows you to combine the result sets of two or more subselects into a single result set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When Db2 encounters a <code>UNION<\/code> operator, it carries the following operations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>First, process each subselect to form an interim result table.<\/li><li>Then, combine these interim tables and delete the duplicate rows to form the final result set.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the syntax of the Db2 <code>UNION<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"HTML, XML\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"xml\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-xml\">subselect_1\nUNION\nsubselect_2\n<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">code<\/span>&gt;<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">HTML, XML<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">xml<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The queries in the above syntax must meet the following requirements:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Both subselects must have The number and the order of the columns.<\/li><li>The data types of the corresponding columns must be the same or compatible via implicit conversion.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>UNION<\/code> operator is useful to marge lists of values retrieved from multiple tables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Db2 UNION example<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We will use the <code>customers<\/code> and <code>contacts<\/code> tables created in the <a href=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/db2-basics\/db2-join\/\">join tutorial<\/a> for the demonstration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"134\" height=\"97\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/db2-join-customers-table.png\" alt=\"db2 join customers table\" class=\"wp-image-269\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"122\" height=\"99\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/db2-join-contacts-table.png\" alt=\"db2 join contacts table\" class=\"wp-image-268\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query uses the <code>UNION<\/code> operator to combine the customers and contacts into a single list. To distinguish customers and contacts, we add a new column named <code>person_type<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n\tcustomer_id person_id, \n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>, \n\t<span class=\"hljs-string\">'customer'<\/span> person_type\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n\tcustomers\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UNION<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n\tcontact_id person_id, \n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>, \n\t<span class=\"hljs-string\">'contact'<\/span> person_type\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n\tcontacts;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Here is the result set:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"198\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION-Operator-Example.png\" alt=\"Db2 UNION Operator Example\" class=\"wp-image-366\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using UNION with ORDER BY clause<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When you use the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/db2-basics\/db2-order-by\/\">ORDER BY<\/a><\/code> clause in a query that uses the <code>UNION<\/code> operator:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) You place the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause after the last subselect:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n   select_list\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n   table_1\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UNION<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n   select_list\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n   table_2\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n   sort_expression;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>2) You can use the column name in the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause if the column in the list has a name. In case the column of a result set does not have a name, you can use the column alias to assign it a name or use a positive integer in the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause to order the rows.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> expression <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> table_1\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UNION<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> ...\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> table_2\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>or<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> expression\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> table_1\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UNION<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> ...\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> table_2\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DB2 UNION vs. UNION ALL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>UNION<\/code> removes all duplicate rows by default. However, if you want to retain the duplicates, you use <code>UNION ALL<\/code> instead:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">subselect_1\nUNION ALL\nsubselect_2\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Db2 UNION ALL example<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses <code>UNION<\/code> operator that removes all duplicate rows:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n\tcustomers\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UNION<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n\tcontacts\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> \n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>; \n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"54\" height=\"135\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION-example.png\" alt=\"Db2 UNION example\" class=\"wp-image-364\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following picture illustrates the union of two result sets: customers and contacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"937\" height=\"262\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION.png\" alt=\"Db2 UNION\" class=\"wp-image-367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION.png 937w, https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION-768x215.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 937px) 100vw, 937px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the following example uses the <code>UNION ALL<\/code> operator that retains the duplicate rows:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n\tcustomers\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UNION<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ALL<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n\tcontacts\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> \n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>;    \n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"54\" height=\"176\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION-ALL-example.png\" alt=\"Db2 UNION ALL example\" class=\"wp-image-365\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following picture illustrates the union all of two result sets: customers and contacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"939\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION-ALL.png\" alt=\"Db2 UNION ALL\" class=\"wp-image-368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION-ALL.png 939w, https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION-ALL-300x82.png 300w, https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Db2-UNION-ALL-768x210.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 939px) 100vw, 939px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UNION vs. JOIN<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/db2tutorial.com\/db2-basics\/db2-join\/\">join<\/a> clause combines <strong>columns<\/strong> from two or more tables while the <code>UNION<\/code> operator combines <strong>rows<\/strong> from two or more subselects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, join appends the result sets from tables horizontally while <code>UNION<\/code> appends result sets from subselects vertically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this tutorial, you have learned how to use the Db2 <code>UNION<\/code> to combine rows from two or more subselects into a single result set.<\/p>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"361\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/db2-basics\/db2-union\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"Db2 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