Applying a magnetic field only in the z-direction simplifies the analysis of a system, making calculations more straightforward. Additionally, it allows researchers to isolate the effects of the magnetic field in one direction, making it easier to control and manipulate the interactions between the field and the system under study.
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Magnetic fields do not require a medium to propagate, unlike mechanical waves. The direction of the magnetic field lines represent the direction a north magnetic pole would move if placed in the field. Magnetic fields can only be produced by moving charges or currents, and not by stationary charges. Magnetic fields exert forces on moving charges according to the Lorentz force law.
Iron becomes magnetic when its electron spins align in the same direction, creating a magnetic field. This alignment happens when iron is exposed to a magnetic field or when it is heated and then cooled in the presence of a magnetic field.
Certain materials are magnetic because their atoms have unpaired electrons that align in the same direction, creating a magnetic field. Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt are magnetic because of their atomic structure, while materials like wood or plastic do not have this alignment of electrons and are not magnetic.
Curl your right-hand fist around the wire, with your thumb pointing in the direction of the current in the wire. Your four curled fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field that surrounds the wire.
Generators produce alternating current (AC) because the motion of the coil or wire loop within the magnetic field causes the induction of an alternating electric current. This occurs due to the changing magnetic field inducing a changing electric current in the wire, resulting in an alternating current output.