Generally, the sharp and flat signs are known as accidentals. They alter the pitch of the note. As an example, D sharp is a half-step higher than D where D flat is a half step lower.
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There can be a total of seven flats (or sharps) in a key signature.
For c major there are no sharps, for b flat major there are two flats, b flat and e flat
C flat major, seven flats.
Two flats, B flat and E flat
It varies by key, just like with major keys. There can be as few as one flat (D minor) or all seven flats (A-flat minor). Minor keys can have sharps too.