igure 1 = “The War in the Sudan.’ The Illustrated London News, 3 January 1885 ————————— ee ee ES Ee The Illustrated London News (ILN), founded in 1842, was the first il lustrated news magazine, followed the next year by L’I/lustration and th Leipziger Illustrirte Zeitung.» Aimed at the middle and upper classes and polit cally middle of the road, ILN treated politics, news from the colonies, war: celebrities, royal marriages and social events, accidents, disasters, urba amusements, art, theater, and literature. In the 1880s the circulation of IL. was from seventy thousand to one hundred thousand.‘ The Graphic, founde in 1869, was more liberal than JLN and also collaborated with many ac complished painters.’ L’I/lustration, known for the high quality of image with a middle- and upper-class readership, was less news-oriented than JL and had a much smaller circulation, but in the 1880-1905 period was muc he celebration of Christmas further symbolizing French authority anc yacification, and finally the exhibition of Dahomeans in Paris. The image of the fetishes was one of only a few exhibiting Dahomean local culture, Jeemed much more “primitive” than the cultures of other regions of French mperialism, such as Algeria, Tunisia, or Indochina. In the image, relaxec French soldiers find the fetishes amusing. One soldier is explaining theit significance, thereby educating the others about local culture. This scene Figure 4 “Le gateau des Rois et ... des Empereurs.” Le Petit Journal supplément illustré, 16 Jan- uary 1898, detail. southwest Africa the Germans possessed “an infertile colony, inhabited by still-savage tribes,” and that the latest revolt would seriously tarnish Ger- man prestige in Africa, questioning German capacity for colonization.*® PJSI graphically depicted Europeans—non-French, that is—being killed by non- Europeans. An 1894 issue depicted the English being defeated and killed in Africa, and a 1903 issue depicted a “massacre of a German garrison in Africa,” while a 1905 issue depicted Russians and Tartars killing each other.” In an image published in PJSI in 1898, Queen Victoria, the German kaiser, the Russian tsar Nicholas II, and the Japanese emperor Mutsuhito \" igure5 = “Justice!!!” Le Petit Journal supplément illustré, 16 December 1900, detail.
