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Fig. 1 - PCR amplification from Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Castellonis strain Castellon 3 DNA dilutions. (A) Using primers pfLp32-1 and pfLp32-2, (B) Using primers of 23S PCR. Lane 1: Molecular weight pattern (LOObp PROMEGA); lane 2: DNA 7x10’ geq/reaction; lane 3: DNA 7x10° geq/reaction; lane 4: DNA 7x10° geq/reaction; lane 5: DNA 7x10* geq/ reaction; lane 6: DNA 7x10 geq/reaction; lane 7: DNA 7x10? geq/reaction; lane 8: DNA 7geq/reaction; lane 9: DNA 0.7 geq/reaction. NODA, A.A.; RODRIGUEZ, I.; RODRIGUEZ, Y.; GOVIN, A.; FERNANDEZ, C. & OBREGON, A.M. - High sensitive PCR method for detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in paraffin- embedded tissues. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 411-5, 2014.

Figure 1 - PCR amplification from Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Castellonis strain Castellon 3 DNA dilutions. (A) Using primers pfLp32-1 and pfLp32-2, (B) Using primers of 23S PCR. Lane 1: Molecular weight pattern (LOObp PROMEGA); lane 2: DNA 7x10’ geq/reaction; lane 3: DNA 7x10° geq/reaction; lane 4: DNA 7x10° geq/reaction; lane 5: DNA 7x10* geq/ reaction; lane 6: DNA 7x10 geq/reaction; lane 7: DNA 7x10? geq/reaction; lane 8: DNA 7geq/reaction; lane 9: DNA 0.7 geq/reaction. NODA, A.A.; RODRIGUEZ, I.; RODRIGUEZ, Y.; GOVIN, A.; FERNANDEZ, C. & OBREGON, A.M. - High sensitive PCR method for detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in paraffin- embedded tissues. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 411-5, 2014.

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Fig. 1 - Box Plot of water temperature by season and place, Sao Vicente, SP, 2008. The smallest temperature (20 °C) was measured in the winter in the peri and the highest (26 °C) was measured in the spring in the intra. In general higher temperatures were measured in the intra compared to the peri and the variation of temperature was greater in the peri (Fig. 1). There was a statistically significant difference between, at least, one of the four treatments (chi-square = 21.467; DF = 3; p = 0.0001). The paired comparisons between the temperatures measured in Winter/peri and Spring/intra treatments and between Spring/peri and Spring/intra treatments have been statistically significant. In general, the median time from larvae to adult was smaller in the individual experiment. Furthermore, lower median times of development were achieved in spring in the intra in both individual (nine days) and collective (ten days) experiments compared to the other treatments (p < 0.001). The minimum time of development (seven days) was achieved by 25% of the larvae in spring in the individual treatment placed intra (Fig. 2).
Fig. 1 - Box Plot of water temperature by season and place, Sao Vicente, SP, 2008. The smallest temperature (20 °C) was measured in the winter in the peri and the highest (26 °C) was measured in the spring in the intra. In general higher temperatures were measured in the intra compared to the peri and the variation of temperature was greater in the peri (Fig. 1). There was a statistically significant difference between, at least, one of the four treatments (chi-square = 21.467; DF = 3; p = 0.0001). The paired comparisons between the temperatures measured in Winter/peri and Spring/intra treatments and between Spring/peri and Spring/intra treatments have been statistically significant. In general, the median time from larvae to adult was smaller in the individual experiment. Furthermore, lower median times of development were achieved in spring in the intra in both individual (nine days) and collective (ten days) experiments compared to the other treatments (p < 0.001). The minimum time of development (seven days) was achieved by 25% of the larvae in spring in the individual treatment placed intra (Fig. 2).
*p value of the chi-square test with one degree of freedom. Number and proportion of Aedes aegypti by type of experiment, season, location and sex, S40 Vicente-SP, 2008
*p value of the chi-square test with one degree of freedom. Number and proportion of Aedes aegypti by type of experiment, season, location and sex, S40 Vicente-SP, 2008
Fig. 2 - Kaplan-Meier survival plot for Aedes aegypti development by type of experiment season and local, SAo Vicente, SP, 2008. OPES, T.F.; HOLCMAN, M.M.; BARBOSA, G.L.; DOMINGOS, M.F. & BARREIROS, R.M.O.V. - Laboratory evaluation of the development of Aedes aegypti in two seasons: influence o different places and different densities. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 369-74, 2014.
Fig. 2 - Kaplan-Meier survival plot for Aedes aegypti development by type of experiment season and local, SAo Vicente, SP, 2008. OPES, T.F.; HOLCMAN, M.M.; BARBOSA, G.L.; DOMINGOS, M.F. & BARREIROS, R.M.O.V. - Laboratory evaluation of the development of Aedes aegypti in two seasons: influence o different places and different densities. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 369-74, 2014.
Fig. 3 - Kaplan-Meier survival plot for Aedes aegypti development of the individual experiment by season, local and sex, Sao Vicente, SP, 2008. LOPES, T.F.; HOLCMAN, M.M.; BARBOSA, G.L.; DOMINGOS, M.F. & BARREIROS, R.M.O.V. - Laboratory evaluation of the development of Aedes aegypti in two seasons: influence of different places and different densities. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 369-74, 2014.
Fig. 3 - Kaplan-Meier survival plot for Aedes aegypti development of the individual experiment by season, local and sex, Sao Vicente, SP, 2008. LOPES, T.F.; HOLCMAN, M.M.; BARBOSA, G.L.; DOMINGOS, M.F. & BARREIROS, R.M.O.V. - Laboratory evaluation of the development of Aedes aegypti in two seasons: influence of different places and different densities. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 369-74, 2014.
Fig. 4 - Kaplan-Meier survival plot for Aedes aegypti development of the collective experiment by season, local and sex, So Vicente, SP, 2008
Fig. 4 - Kaplan-Meier survival plot for Aedes aegypti development of the collective experiment by season, local and sex, So Vicente, SP, 2008
odds ratio; "Log skin test Montenegro results in millimiters. Odds ratio (non-adjusted) of the conditional simple logistic regression model
odds ratio; "Log skin test Montenegro results in millimiters. Odds ratio (non-adjusted) of the conditional simple logistic regression model
ANTONIO, L.F.; FAGUNDES, A.; OLIVEIRA, R.V.C.; PINTO, P.G.; BEDOYA-PACHECO, S.J.; VASCONCELLOS, E.C.F.; VALETE-ROSALINO, M.C.; LYRA, M.R.; PASSOS, S.R.L.; PIMENTEL, M.I.F. & SCHUBACH, A.O. - Montenegro skin test and age of skin lesion as predictors of treatment failure in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 375-80, 2014. ’MST = Montenegro skin test; "mm = millimeters; °Sb** = meglumine antimoniate.
ANTONIO, L.F.; FAGUNDES, A.; OLIVEIRA, R.V.C.; PINTO, P.G.; BEDOYA-PACHECO, S.J.; VASCONCELLOS, E.C.F.; VALETE-ROSALINO, M.C.; LYRA, M.R.; PASSOS, S.R.L.; PIMENTEL, M.I.F. & SCHUBACH, A.O. - Montenegro skin test and age of skin lesion as predictors of treatment failure in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 375-80, 2014. ’MST = Montenegro skin test; "mm = millimeters; °Sb** = meglumine antimoniate.
Fig. 1 - Number of original articles on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries 2000-2011. Scientific production per year: In absolute terms, the number of original articles increased, during the study period, from 87 original articles in 2000 to 293 in 2011 (Fig. 1). During the period from 2000 to 2005, there were 749 articles (33.0%) published, while from 2006 to 2011, this number grew to 1,519 (67.0%).
Fig. 1 - Number of original articles on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries 2000-2011. Scientific production per year: In absolute terms, the number of original articles increased, during the study period, from 87 original articles in 2000 to 293 in 2011 (Fig. 1). During the period from 2000 to 2005, there were 749 articles (33.0%) published, while from 2006 to 2011, this number grew to 1,519 (67.0%).
Scientific journals containing two-thirds of the scientific articles published on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries, 2000-2011 Table 1
Scientific journals containing two-thirds of the scientific articles published on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries, 2000-2011 Table 1
‘Impact Factor by JCR 2011. Scientific journals containing two-thirds of the scientific articles published on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries, 2000-2011 (cont. Table 1
‘Impact Factor by JCR 2011. Scientific journals containing two-thirds of the scientific articles published on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries, 2000-2011 (cont. Table 1
CL. Cutaneous Leishmania, VL: Visceral Leishmania, RDE: Research and Development Expenditure, GDP: Gross domestic product. * Source: Alvar J, Velez ID, Bern C, et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PloS one. 2012;7(5):e35671(Alvar et al. 2012). » UNESCO (2010) UNESCO Science Report. The Current Status of Science around the World. Comparison of the production by South American countries with the number of annual cases of leishmaniasis anc other indicators of scientific/technological development
CL. Cutaneous Leishmania, VL: Visceral Leishmania, RDE: Research and Development Expenditure, GDP: Gross domestic product. * Source: Alvar J, Velez ID, Bern C, et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PloS one. 2012;7(5):e35671(Alvar et al. 2012). » UNESCO (2010) UNESCO Science Report. The Current Status of Science around the World. Comparison of the production by South American countries with the number of annual cases of leishmaniasis anc other indicators of scientific/technological development
Bibliometric indicators of the institutions with the largest number of signatures in original articles on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries in SCOPUS, 2000-2011
Bibliometric indicators of the institutions with the largest number of signatures in original articles on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries in SCOPUS, 2000-2011
Bibliometric indicators of the institutions with the largest number of signatures in original articles on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries in SCOPUS, 2000-2011 (cont.)
Bibliometric indicators of the institutions with the largest number of signatures in original articles on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries in SCOPUS, 2000-2011 (cont.)
Fig. 2 - Primary South American collaborative network for the production of research articles on leishmaniasis @ Only three institutions with the largest number of articles. ® Other institutions have only one article.
Fig. 2 - Primary South American collaborative network for the production of research articles on leishmaniasis @ Only three institutions with the largest number of articles. ® Other institutions have only one article.
Non-South American countries with the largest number of signatures in original articles on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries, 2000-201 Table 4
Non-South American countries with the largest number of signatures in original articles on leishmaniasis produced by South American countries, 2000-201 Table 4
Fig. 3 - Smaller South American collaborative networks for the production of research articles on leishmaniasis HUAMAN, C.; ROMANI, F.; GONZALEZ-ALCAIDE, G.; MEJIA, M.O.; RAMOS, J.M.; ESPINOZA, M. & CABEZAS, C. - South American collaboration in scientific publications on leishmaniasis: bibliometric analysis in SCOPUS (2000-2011). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 381-90, 2014.
Fig. 3 - Smaller South American collaborative networks for the production of research articles on leishmaniasis HUAMAN, C.; ROMANI, F.; GONZALEZ-ALCAIDE, G.; MEJIA, M.O.; RAMOS, J.M.; ESPINOZA, M. & CABEZAS, C. - South American collaboration in scientific publications on leishmaniasis: bibliometric analysis in SCOPUS (2000-2011). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 381-90, 2014.
‘Number of Specimens; 'Number of positive pools/number of pools composed. Each pool contained seven to 12 guts from females of the same species. Sandflies collected in Recanto Marista, Agua Azul Farm, and Flor de Maio Grange, in Southern Brazil, from January to September, 2006
‘Number of Specimens; 'Number of positive pools/number of pools composed. Each pool contained seven to 12 guts from females of the same species. Sandflies collected in Recanto Marista, Agua Azul Farm, and Flor de Maio Grange, in Southern Brazil, from January to September, 2006
Fig 1 - Multiplex PCR in 2% of agarose gel showing fragments of 70-bp and 220-bp. The fragment of 70-bp of the KDNA mini circle region of subgenus Leishmania (Viannia) were amplified with MP3H and MPIL primers. The fragment of 220-bp of the [VS6 cacophony gene region of the phlebotomine insects were amplified with 5Llcac and 3LIcac primers. Lane 1, Ny. whitmani DNA sample collected in Fénix; lanes 2, 3 and 5, Ny. whitmani DNA samples collected in Mandaguari; lane 4, Ny. neivai DNA sample collected in Doutor Camargo; lane 6, positive control [DNA from L. (V.) braziliensis promastigotes]; lane 7, negative control (all reagents without DNA). M, 100-bp molecular marker (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Sao Paulo, Brazil). NEITZKE-ABREU, H.C.; REINHOLD-CASTRO, K.R.; VENAZZI, M.S.; SCODRO, R.B.L.; DIAS, A.C.; SILVEIRA, T.G.V.; TEODORO, U. & LONARDONI, M.V.C. - Detection of Leishmania (Viannia) in Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, in Southern Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 391-5, 2014.
Fig 1 - Multiplex PCR in 2% of agarose gel showing fragments of 70-bp and 220-bp. The fragment of 70-bp of the KDNA mini circle region of subgenus Leishmania (Viannia) were amplified with MP3H and MPIL primers. The fragment of 220-bp of the [VS6 cacophony gene region of the phlebotomine insects were amplified with 5Llcac and 3LIcac primers. Lane 1, Ny. whitmani DNA sample collected in Fénix; lanes 2, 3 and 5, Ny. whitmani DNA samples collected in Mandaguari; lane 4, Ny. neivai DNA sample collected in Doutor Camargo; lane 6, positive control [DNA from L. (V.) braziliensis promastigotes]; lane 7, negative control (all reagents without DNA). M, 100-bp molecular marker (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Sao Paulo, Brazil). NEITZKE-ABREU, H.C.; REINHOLD-CASTRO, K.R.; VENAZZI, M.S.; SCODRO, R.B.L.; DIAS, A.C.; SILVEIRA, T.G.V.; TEODORO, U. & LONARDONI, M.V.C. - Detection of Leishmania (Viannia) in Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, in Southern Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 391-5, 2014.
The Library of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMTSP Library) was created on January 15, 1959 in order to serve all those who are interested in tropical diseases. To reach this objective, we select and acquire by donation and / or exchange appropriate material to be used by researchers and we maintain interchange between Institutions thorough the Journal of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, since the Library has no funds to build its own patrimony. Website: www.imt.usp.br/portal
The Library of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMTSP Library) was created on January 15, 1959 in order to serve all those who are interested in tropical diseases. To reach this objective, we select and acquire by donation and / or exchange appropriate material to be used by researchers and we maintain interchange between Institutions thorough the Journal of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, since the Library has no funds to build its own patrimony. Website: www.imt.usp.br/portal
Fig. 2 - Microscopic appearance of Nocardia spp. isolates by Zieh] Neelsen staining. 100x increased. Fig. 1 - Macroscopic growth of Nocardia sp. in: A) Lowenstein Jensen medium, B) Agar Sabouraud and C) Bactec MGIT medium.
Fig. 2 - Microscopic appearance of Nocardia spp. isolates by Zieh] Neelsen staining. 100x increased. Fig. 1 - Macroscopic growth of Nocardia sp. in: A) Lowenstein Jensen medium, B) Agar Sabouraud and C) Bactec MGIT medium.
MURICY, E.C.M.; LEMES, R.A.; BOMBARDA, S.; FERRAZOLI, L. & CHIMARA, E. - Differentiation between Nocardia spp. and Mycobacterium spp.: critical aspects for bacteriological diagnosis. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 397-401, 2014.
MURICY, E.C.M.; LEMES, R.A.; BOMBARDA, S.; FERRAZOLI, L. & CHIMARA, E. - Differentiation between Nocardia spp. and Mycobacterium spp.: critical aspects for bacteriological diagnosis. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 397-401, 2014.
Fig. 3 - Molecular pattern of Nocardia spp. isolates digested by BstEII restriction enzyme. M: 50 bp molecular size marker.
Fig. 3 - Molecular pattern of Nocardia spp. isolates digested by BstEII restriction enzyme. M: 50 bp molecular size marker.
Fig. 1 - A. Location of the County (Municipality) of Juquitiba, S40 Paulo State, Brazil. B. Sites of collection at the domiciliary environment in Juquitiba County. Modified from Google Earth and Wikimedia Commons. Study Area: The city of Juquitiba is located in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, state of SAo Paulo, Brazil, and covers an area of 521.6 km’, with a population of 28,961 inhabitants, of w: hom 22.6% live in the rural area’. Juquitiba has an ecotourism economic activity that comprises activities such as canoeing, camping and fis hing, due to the mountainous landscape and rivers. Concerning exposure to malaria vectors in peridomiciliary habitats, the local population consists mainly of employees who look after the properties and live near t he cottages, as well as people who come from the city of Sao Paulo to spend the weekend at holiday cottages for recreation. The climate in tl his region is humid and subtropical”, with the coldest mean temperature below 18 °C in a dry winter (June-August) and the warmest month above 22 °C in the wet summer season (December-February). The annual rainfall is Collections with CDC light traps and Shannon traps were used to sample Plasmodium infected females. Ten CDC light traps with UV light baited with CO, were distributed on site 4, specifically in the peridomiciliary outskirts of the cottage. This site was chosen
Fig. 1 - A. Location of the County (Municipality) of Juquitiba, S40 Paulo State, Brazil. B. Sites of collection at the domiciliary environment in Juquitiba County. Modified from Google Earth and Wikimedia Commons. Study Area: The city of Juquitiba is located in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, state of SAo Paulo, Brazil, and covers an area of 521.6 km’, with a population of 28,961 inhabitants, of w: hom 22.6% live in the rural area’. Juquitiba has an ecotourism economic activity that comprises activities such as canoeing, camping and fis hing, due to the mountainous landscape and rivers. Concerning exposure to malaria vectors in peridomiciliary habitats, the local population consists mainly of employees who look after the properties and live near t he cottages, as well as people who come from the city of Sao Paulo to spend the weekend at holiday cottages for recreation. The climate in tl his region is humid and subtropical”, with the coldest mean temperature below 18 °C in a dry winter (June-August) and the warmest month above 22 °C in the wet summer season (December-February). The annual rainfall is Collections with CDC light traps and Shannon traps were used to sample Plasmodium infected females. Ten CDC light traps with UV light baited with CO, were distributed on site 4, specifically in the peridomiciliary outskirts of the cottage. This site was chosen
# Global Positioning System. *Date (DD/MM/YY) of the last malaria case detected by thick blood smear before the beginning of the entomological survey. Females of An. (Ker) cruzii collected by different methods, at eight peridomiciliary collection sites, in Juquitiba, State of Sao Paulo, from Januar 2006 through September 2007
# Global Positioning System. *Date (DD/MM/YY) of the last malaria case detected by thick blood smear before the beginning of the entomological survey. Females of An. (Ker) cruzii collected by different methods, at eight peridomiciliary collection sites, in Juquitiba, State of Sao Paulo, from Januar 2006 through September 2007
Seasonal activity of An. cruzii (William’ s mean) collected with CO, baited UV- CDC, at different altitudes at site 4, Juquitiba, during summer (Jan-Mar) and winter (Jul-Sep), 2006-2007, Sao Paulo
Seasonal activity of An. cruzii (William’ s mean) collected with CO, baited UV- CDC, at different altitudes at site 4, Juquitiba, during summer (Jan-Mar) and winter (Jul-Sep), 2006-2007, Sao Paulo
ND = not determined. Number of blood-fed mosquitoes analyzed for blood meal identification, according to site, method and year of collection
ND = not determined. Number of blood-fed mosquitoes analyzed for blood meal identification, according to site, method and year of collection
Fig. 2 - Comparison of collections with CDC and Shannon traps in the peridomiciliary sites 1, 2 and 6, in Juquitiba, Sao Paulo. The values were shown as William’s mean of An. (Ker.) cruzii collected in the wet (Jan-Mar) and dry (Jul-Sep) seasons in 2006 and 2007. The efficacy of CDC and Shannon traps as collection methods was compared by standardizing the number of collections and collectors, and also evaluated in the sites, where collections were conducted simultaneously (sites 1, 2 and 6). The Williams mean of An. (Ker.) cruzii collected with Shannon traps suggested higher values than those obtained by CDC-CO, traps (Fig. 2). The Wilcoxon test (W = 20.0, p = 0.19) showed no significant differences in the numbers of captured An. (Ker.) cruzii collected by the two methods in the peridomiciliary sites.
Fig. 2 - Comparison of collections with CDC and Shannon traps in the peridomiciliary sites 1, 2 and 6, in Juquitiba, Sao Paulo. The values were shown as William’s mean of An. (Ker.) cruzii collected in the wet (Jan-Mar) and dry (Jul-Sep) seasons in 2006 and 2007. The efficacy of CDC and Shannon traps as collection methods was compared by standardizing the number of collections and collectors, and also evaluated in the sites, where collections were conducted simultaneously (sites 1, 2 and 6). The Williams mean of An. (Ker.) cruzii collected with Shannon traps suggested higher values than those obtained by CDC-CO, traps (Fig. 2). The Wilcoxon test (W = 20.0, p = 0.19) showed no significant differences in the numbers of captured An. (Ker.) cruzii collected by the two methods in the peridomiciliary sites.
The Library of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMTSP Library) was created on January 15, 1959 in order to serve all those who are interested in tropical diseases. To reach this objective, we select and acquire by donation and / or exchange appropriate material to be used by researchers and we maintain interchange between Institutions thorough the Journal of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, since the Library has no funds to build its own patrimony. Website: www.imt.usp.br/portal
The Library of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMTSP Library) was created on January 15, 1959 in order to serve all those who are interested in tropical diseases. To reach this objective, we select and acquire by donation and / or exchange appropriate material to be used by researchers and we maintain interchange between Institutions thorough the Journal of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, since the Library has no funds to build its own patrimony. Website: www.imt.usp.br/portal
Fig. 2 - PCR amplification showing some positive paraffin-embedded tissue samples from deceased with suspect of leptospirosis. Lane 1: Molecular weight pattern (100bp PROMEGA); lanes 2 to 14: samples; lane 15: negative control (H,O ultrapure); lane 16: positive control (DNA of L. borgpetersenii serovar Castellonis strain Castellon 3). Just two samples from liver and kidney revealed PCR inhibition by human B-globin PCR; these were not used in further studies. Forty four percent of samples (24/55) from 12 deceased patients with suspected leptospirosis were positive by the LipL32 PCR, while no amplification was observed when 23S PCR was used (Fig. 2). The organs showing the highest intensity of PCR product were kidney (10/18), liver (7/16) and lung (6/9), but with no statistically significant differences between them (p > 0.05). In 83% (10/12) of the patients it was noted there was positivity in more than one organ.
Fig. 2 - PCR amplification showing some positive paraffin-embedded tissue samples from deceased with suspect of leptospirosis. Lane 1: Molecular weight pattern (100bp PROMEGA); lanes 2 to 14: samples; lane 15: negative control (H,O ultrapure); lane 16: positive control (DNA of L. borgpetersenii serovar Castellonis strain Castellon 3). Just two samples from liver and kidney revealed PCR inhibition by human B-globin PCR; these were not used in further studies. Forty four percent of samples (24/55) from 12 deceased patients with suspected leptospirosis were positive by the LipL32 PCR, while no amplification was observed when 23S PCR was used (Fig. 2). The organs showing the highest intensity of PCR product were kidney (10/18), liver (7/16) and lung (6/9), but with no statistically significant differences between them (p > 0.05). In 83% (10/12) of the patients it was noted there was positivity in more than one organ.
Demographic characteristics of participants and survey results Table 1
Demographic characteristics of participants and survey results Table 1
Each value is mean +SE of six replicates; Each replicate represents the eggs laid by a group of 20 snails; Significant (p < 0.05) when Student’s t test was applied t treated and control groups. -; No fecundity, hatchability or survival was observed. Effects of sub-lethal exposure (40% and 80% of 24h LC,,) of the extracts of latex, stem bark and leaf on hatchability and survival of young snail Lymnaea acuminata at different time intervals Table 1
Each value is mean +SE of six replicates; Each replicate represents the eggs laid by a group of 20 snails; Significant (p < 0.05) when Student’s t test was applied t treated and control groups. -; No fecundity, hatchability or survival was observed. Effects of sub-lethal exposure (40% and 80% of 24h LC,,) of the extracts of latex, stem bark and leaf on hatchability and survival of young snail Lymnaea acuminata at different time intervals Table 1
Details as given in Table 1. Effects of sub-lethal exposure (40% and 80% of 24h LC,,) of the extracts of J. gossypifolia latex+rutin, J. gossypifolia latex+ellagic acids and J. gossypifolia latex+taraxerol in binary combinations (1:1) hatchability and survival of young snail Lymnaea acuminata at different time intervals in the treated samples*. Time dependent reduction in the survival of newly hatched snails, even after transfer to fresh water, indicates that chemicals received either from the mother snail or the eggs are lethal to young newly hatched snails. It seems that the thin and fragile shell of newly hatched snails in the treated groups is due to decalcification, as observed in cobaltous sulfate-treated Planorbis exustus and thiourea treated Lymnaea acuminata>”*. RESUMO
Details as given in Table 1. Effects of sub-lethal exposure (40% and 80% of 24h LC,,) of the extracts of J. gossypifolia latex+rutin, J. gossypifolia latex+ellagic acids and J. gossypifolia latex+taraxerol in binary combinations (1:1) hatchability and survival of young snail Lymnaea acuminata at different time intervals in the treated samples*. Time dependent reduction in the survival of newly hatched snails, even after transfer to fresh water, indicates that chemicals received either from the mother snail or the eggs are lethal to young newly hatched snails. It seems that the thin and fragile shell of newly hatched snails in the treated groups is due to decalcification, as observed in cobaltous sulfate-treated Planorbis exustus and thiourea treated Lymnaea acuminata>”*. RESUMO
Details as given in Table 1. Effects of sub-lethal exposure (40% and 80% of 24h LC,,) to the powder J. gossypifolia latex+rutin+betulin, J. gossypifolia latex+ellagic acids+betulin and J. gossypifolia latex+taraxerol+betulin in combinations (1:1:1) hatchability and survival of young freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata at different time intervals
Details as given in Table 1. Effects of sub-lethal exposure (40% and 80% of 24h LC,,) to the powder J. gossypifolia latex+rutin+betulin, J. gossypifolia latex+ellagic acids+betulin and J. gossypifolia latex+taraxerol+betulin in combinations (1:1:1) hatchability and survival of young freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata at different time intervals
Fig. 1 - Map of the four estuaries Pacoti, Chor6, Pirangi and Jaguaribe (Ceara, Brazil) from where water and sediment were sampled between January and April 2009. MENEZES, F.G.R.; NEVES, S.S.; SOUSA, O.V.; VILA-NOVA, C.M.V.M.; MAGGIONI, R.; THEOPHILO, G.N.D.; HOFER, E. & VIEIRA, R.H.S.F. - Detection of virulence genes in environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae from estuaries in Northeastern Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 427-32, 2014.
Fig. 1 - Map of the four estuaries Pacoti, Chor6, Pirangi and Jaguaribe (Ceara, Brazil) from where water and sediment were sampled between January and April 2009. MENEZES, F.G.R.; NEVES, S.S.; SOUSA, O.V.; VILA-NOVA, C.M.V.M.; MAGGIONI, R.; THEOPHILO, G.N.D.; HOFER, E. & VIEIRA, R.H.S.F. - Detection of virulence genes in environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae from estuaries in Northeastern Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 427-32, 2014.
ympW* = V. cholerae-specific gene; ctxAB = cholera toxin; tcp* = toxin coregulated pilus; rfbO1 ‘= serogroup O1 identification gene; zot* = zonula occludens toxin bp)! = base pair. mers and thermocycler conditions used in the molecular study of V. cholerae strains isolated from water and sediments collected in four estuaries in Ceara, Brazil, between January and April 2009
ympW* = V. cholerae-specific gene; ctxAB = cholera toxin; tcp* = toxin coregulated pilus; rfbO1 ‘= serogroup O1 identification gene; zot* = zonula occludens toxin bp)! = base pair. mers and thermocycler conditions used in the molecular study of V. cholerae strains isolated from water and sediments collected in four estuaries in Ceara, Brazil, between January and April 2009
* = water q.s. was added to each reaction; ** = sample concentration varied from 20 to 25 ng. Composition and concentrations used in the reactions of the molecular study of V. cholerae strains isolated from water and sediments collected in four estuaries in Ceara, Brazil, between January and April 2009
* = water q.s. was added to each reaction; ** = sample concentration varied from 20 to 25 ng. Composition and concentrations used in the reactions of the molecular study of V. cholerae strains isolated from water and sediments collected in four estuaries in Ceara, Brazil, between January and April 2009
P1 = standard strain V. cholerae O1 classical 569B, P2 = standard strain V. cholerae non-O1 IOC 15.177, *M = marker, **B = negative control (white). On PCR, only five percent (55%) of the strains phenotypically identified were confirmed to be V. cholerae (Fig. 2). Phenotypic identification of Vibrio is often ambiguous due to intra-species biochemical variation'®, whereas genotypic identification yields a 100% match for V. cholerae using an ompW-specific primer®!.
P1 = standard strain V. cholerae O1 classical 569B, P2 = standard strain V. cholerae non-O1 IOC 15.177, *M = marker, **B = negative control (white). On PCR, only five percent (55%) of the strains phenotypically identified were confirmed to be V. cholerae (Fig. 2). Phenotypic identification of Vibrio is often ambiguous due to intra-species biochemical variation'®, whereas genotypic identification yields a 100% match for V. cholerae using an ompW-specific primer®!.
P1 = standard strain V. cholerae O1 classical 569B, P2 = standard strain V. cholerae non-O1 IOC 15.177, *M = marker, **B = negative control (white). MENEZES, F.G.R.; NEVES, S.S.; SOUSA, O.V.; VILA-NOVA, C.M.V.M.; MAGGIONI, R.; THEOPHILO, G.N.D.; HOFER, E. & VIEIRA, R.H.S.F. - Detection of virulence genes in environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae from estuaries in Northeastern Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 427-32, 2014.
P1 = standard strain V. cholerae O1 classical 569B, P2 = standard strain V. cholerae non-O1 IOC 15.177, *M = marker, **B = negative control (white). MENEZES, F.G.R.; NEVES, S.S.; SOUSA, O.V.; VILA-NOVA, C.M.V.M.; MAGGIONI, R.; THEOPHILO, G.N.D.; HOFER, E. & VIEIRA, R.H.S.F. - Detection of virulence genes in environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae from estuaries in Northeastern Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 427-32, 2014.
IgG: Immunoglobilin G. Distribution of pregnant and postpartum women referred to public health units of Niterdi-RJ, Brazil, according to toxoplasmosis knowledge and presence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies, 2010-2011
IgG: Immunoglobilin G. Distribution of pregnant and postpartum women referred to public health units of Niterdi-RJ, Brazil, according to toxoplasmosis knowledge and presence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies, 2010-2011
*Reference category; HUAP: Hospital Universitario Anténio Pedro; PCSA: Policlinica Comunitaria Sérgio Arouca; PMF: Programa Médico de Familia. Distribution of pregnant and postpartum women referred to public health units of Niterdi-RJ, Brazil, according to toxoplasmosis knowledge and sampling places
*Reference category; HUAP: Hospital Universitario Anténio Pedro; PCSA: Policlinica Comunitaria Sérgio Arouca; PMF: Programa Médico de Familia. Distribution of pregnant and postpartum women referred to public health units of Niterdi-RJ, Brazil, according to toxoplasmosis knowledge and sampling places
“Reference category. Distribution of pregnant and postpartum women referred to public health units of Niterdi-RJ, Brazil, according to toxoplasmosis knowledge and schooling, 2010-2011
“Reference category. Distribution of pregnant and postpartum women referred to public health units of Niterdi-RJ, Brazil, according to toxoplasmosis knowledge and schooling, 2010-2011
observed in 85% (n = 340) of the interviews, even in those women who claimed to know about toxoplasmosis (Table 3). Relationship between educational level and the knowledge about toxoplasmosis is demonstrated in Table 4. Description of knowledge about toxoplasmosis prevention from pregnant and postpartum women referred to public health units of Niteréi-RJ, Brazil
observed in 85% (n = 340) of the interviews, even in those women who claimed to know about toxoplasmosis (Table 3). Relationship between educational level and the knowledge about toxoplasmosis is demonstrated in Table 4. Description of knowledge about toxoplasmosis prevention from pregnant and postpartum women referred to public health units of Niteréi-RJ, Brazil
Graph 1 - Pure tone audiometry through air conduction of the left ear of a patient during monitoring - IPEC, FioCruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2011. The patient had been using other drugs for a long term, without dizziness or tinnitus complaints, before beginning treatment with MA, thus we assumed that those drugs did not influence the development of such symptoms. This hypothesis is favored by the time factor, since the worsening of auditory thresholds, tinnitus and dizziness started On the twelfth day of treatment, the patient returned with herpes zoster in the buttock (dermatome $1) and myalgia, and acyclovir cream, urea cream and 50 mg of sodium diclofenac if pain were prescribed. He was asymptomatic from the cochlea-vestibular point of view, but presented a 10 dB increase of the auditory threshold at 6 kHz anda 15 dB increase at 8 kHz in the left ear (LE). On the twenty-sixth day, treatment was discontinued due to cutaneous rash, scaling of lower limbs, difficulty in walking, arthralgia, myalgia, hand tremor, dry oral mucosa, anorexia and loss of weight (-3 kg). He also presented frequent severe rotatory dizziness lasting some minutes with no associated vagal symptoms, without worsening of hearing complaints previously reported. VENG was normal and the audiometry showed a 20 dB increase at 6 KHz and a 25 dB increase at 8 KHz in the LE. He also had 153 mg/dL glucose; 83 mg/dL urea; 322 mg/dL amylase; 181 U/L AST; 174 U/LALT; 112 U/L ALP; 175 U/L GGT) and QTc 0.46. Sixteen days after the treatment was discontinued, he maintained rare non-rotatory dizziness lasting seconds, without objective worsening of hearing complaints, but with tinnitus, and he had fallen two days before. Pure tone audiometry presented severe worsening of LE auditory thresholds (10 dB increase at 250 Hz; 10 dB increase at 500 Hz; 15 dB increase at 1 KHz; 25 dB increase at 2 KHz; 30 dB increase at 3 KHz; 15 dB increase at 6 KHz; and 45 dB increase at
Graph 1 - Pure tone audiometry through air conduction of the left ear of a patient during monitoring - IPEC, FioCruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2011. The patient had been using other drugs for a long term, without dizziness or tinnitus complaints, before beginning treatment with MA, thus we assumed that those drugs did not influence the development of such symptoms. This hypothesis is favored by the time factor, since the worsening of auditory thresholds, tinnitus and dizziness started On the twelfth day of treatment, the patient returned with herpes zoster in the buttock (dermatome $1) and myalgia, and acyclovir cream, urea cream and 50 mg of sodium diclofenac if pain were prescribed. He was asymptomatic from the cochlea-vestibular point of view, but presented a 10 dB increase of the auditory threshold at 6 kHz anda 15 dB increase at 8 kHz in the left ear (LE). On the twenty-sixth day, treatment was discontinued due to cutaneous rash, scaling of lower limbs, difficulty in walking, arthralgia, myalgia, hand tremor, dry oral mucosa, anorexia and loss of weight (-3 kg). He also presented frequent severe rotatory dizziness lasting some minutes with no associated vagal symptoms, without worsening of hearing complaints previously reported. VENG was normal and the audiometry showed a 20 dB increase at 6 KHz and a 25 dB increase at 8 KHz in the LE. He also had 153 mg/dL glucose; 83 mg/dL urea; 322 mg/dL amylase; 181 U/L AST; 174 U/LALT; 112 U/L ALP; 175 U/L GGT) and QTc 0.46. Sixteen days after the treatment was discontinued, he maintained rare non-rotatory dizziness lasting seconds, without objective worsening of hearing complaints, but with tinnitus, and he had fallen two days before. Pure tone audiometry presented severe worsening of LE auditory thresholds (10 dB increase at 250 Hz; 10 dB increase at 500 Hz; 15 dB increase at 1 KHz; 25 dB increase at 2 KHz; 30 dB increase at 3 KHz; 15 dB increase at 6 KHz; and 45 dB increase at
VALETE-ROSALINO, C.M.; ARAUJO-MELO, M.H.; BEZERRA, D.C.O.; BARCELOS, R.O.; MELO-FERREIRA, V.; TORRACA, T.S.S.; MARTINS, A.C.C.; MOREIRA, J.S.; VARGAS. M.C.M.; BRAGA, F.P.B.; SALGUEIRO, M.M.; SAHEKI, M.N. & SCHUBACH, A.O. - First report on ototoxicity of meglumine antimoniate. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5). 439-42, 2014. Graph 2 - Variations of Angular Velocity of the Slow Component of Nystagmus in degrees per second (AVSC °/s) of the patient during monitoring - IPEC, FioCruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2011 RE - Right Ear; LE - Left Ear.
VALETE-ROSALINO, C.M.; ARAUJO-MELO, M.H.; BEZERRA, D.C.O.; BARCELOS, R.O.; MELO-FERREIRA, V.; TORRACA, T.S.S.; MARTINS, A.C.C.; MOREIRA, J.S.; VARGAS. M.C.M.; BRAGA, F.P.B.; SALGUEIRO, M.M.; SAHEKI, M.N. & SCHUBACH, A.O. - First report on ototoxicity of meglumine antimoniate. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5). 439-42, 2014. Graph 2 - Variations of Angular Velocity of the Slow Component of Nystagmus in degrees per second (AVSC °/s) of the patient during monitoring - IPEC, FioCruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2011 RE - Right Ear; LE - Left Ear.
The Library of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMTSP Library) was created on January 15, 1959 in order to serve all those who are interested in tropical diseases. To reach this objective, we select and acquire by donation and / or exchange appropriate material to be used by researchers and we maintain interchange between Institutions thorough the Journal of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, since the Library has no funds to build its own patrimony. Website: www.imt.usp.br/portal
The Library of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMTSP Library) was created on January 15, 1959 in order to serve all those who are interested in tropical diseases. To reach this objective, we select and acquire by donation and / or exchange appropriate material to be used by researchers and we maintain interchange between Institutions thorough the Journal of the Sao Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, since the Library has no funds to build its own patrimony. Website: www.imt.usp.br/portal
Symptom onset results, serology and identified serotypes refer to samples positive by qRT-PCR; °03 samples tested by qRT-PCR were insufficient for serology; ° Five amples positive by qRT-PCR could not be detected by semi-nested RT-PCR; ‘All samples positives to IgM were also positive to IgG. Results description of used samples in this study
Symptom onset results, serology and identified serotypes refer to samples positive by qRT-PCR; °03 samples tested by qRT-PCR were insufficient for serology; ° Five amples positive by qRT-PCR could not be detected by semi-nested RT-PCR; ‘All samples positives to IgM were also positive to IgG. Results description of used samples in this study
Fig 1 - Agarose gel analysis of Hemi nested RT-PCR products from Dengue virus. Lane 1: 100pb ladder; Lane 2: positive control DENV-1 (482pb); Lane 3: positive control DENV- 2 (119pb); Lane 4: positive control DENV-3 (290pb); Lane 5: positive control DENV-4 (392pb); Lane 6: sample patient AOS (482pb); Lane 7: sample patient A16 (119pb); Lane 8: sample patient A63 (290pb); Lane 9: sample patient A44 (392pb); Lane 10 negative control. ACOSTA, P.O.A.; GRANJA, F.; MENESES, C.A.; NASCIMENTO, I.A.S.; SOUSA, D.D.; LIMA JUNIOR, W.P. & NAVECA, EG. - False-negative dengue cases in Roraima, Brazil: a1 approach regarding the high number of negative results by NS1 Ag kits. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 447-50, 2014.
Fig 1 - Agarose gel analysis of Hemi nested RT-PCR products from Dengue virus. Lane 1: 100pb ladder; Lane 2: positive control DENV-1 (482pb); Lane 3: positive control DENV- 2 (119pb); Lane 4: positive control DENV-3 (290pb); Lane 5: positive control DENV-4 (392pb); Lane 6: sample patient AOS (482pb); Lane 7: sample patient A16 (119pb); Lane 8: sample patient A63 (290pb); Lane 9: sample patient A44 (392pb); Lane 10 negative control. ACOSTA, P.O.A.; GRANJA, F.; MENESES, C.A.; NASCIMENTO, I.A.S.; SOUSA, D.D.; LIMA JUNIOR, W.P. & NAVECA, EG. - False-negative dengue cases in Roraima, Brazil: a1 approach regarding the high number of negative results by NS1 Ag kits. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 447-50, 2014.
IMOES, R.O.; LUQUE, J.L.; FARO, M.J.; MOTTA, E. & MALDONADO JR., A. - Prevalence of Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) in Rattus norvegicus in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 455-7, 2014. Fig. 1 - Histological features of the liver of Rattus norvegicus infected with Calodium hepaticum. A) Hepatic parenchyma characterized by the presence of worm eggs (eg) and reaction of the cellular immune system of the host. B) Hepatic parenchyma with chronic infection characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue (arrows) and buildup of conjunctive tissue adjacent to the body of the parasite filled with eggs.
IMOES, R.O.; LUQUE, J.L.; FARO, M.J.; MOTTA, E. & MALDONADO JR., A. - Prevalence of Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) in Rattus norvegicus in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 56(5): 455-7, 2014. Fig. 1 - Histological features of the liver of Rattus norvegicus infected with Calodium hepaticum. A) Hepatic parenchyma characterized by the presence of worm eggs (eg) and reaction of the cellular immune system of the host. B) Hepatic parenchyma with chronic infection characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue (arrows) and buildup of conjunctive tissue adjacent to the body of the parasite filled with eggs.
Fig.1 - Child with the characteristic “slapped cheeks” ANALOGIES IN MEDICINE: SLAPPED CHEEK APPEARANCE
Fig.1 - Child with the characteristic “slapped cheeks” ANALOGIES IN MEDICINE: SLAPPED CHEEK APPEARANCE