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Figure from:The Leaky Feeder, a Reliable Medium for Vehicle to Infrastructure Communications

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Figure 9. Comparison of the received power. 5. Conclusions and Future Work In this paper, the leaky feeder is modeled as a (large) multi-antenna array transmitter and the BER performance is evaluated under a Rayleigh flat fading channel. Analytical expressions are derived and simulation is performed to understand the system behavior with respect to variation in a number of parameters such as the slot spacing, radio frequency, and modulation scheme.

Figure 9 Comparison of the received power. 5. Conclusions and Future Work In this paper, the leaky feeder is modeled as a (large) multi-antenna array transmitter and the BER performance is evaluated under a Rayleigh flat fading channel. Analytical expressions are derived and simulation is performed to understand the system behavior with respect to variation in a number of parameters such as the slot spacing, radio frequency, and modulation scheme.

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Figure 1. Basic configuration of the leaky coaxial cable.
Figure 1. Basic configuration of the leaky coaxial cable.
Figure 2. Leaky feeder channel model. Since the received signal in a multipath channel consists of a series of attenuated, time-delayed, and phase-shifted replicas of the transmitted signal, the channel can be modeled as shown in Figure 3. which is a complex impulse response in the time domain.
Figure 2. Leaky feeder channel model. Since the received signal in a multipath channel consists of a series of attenuated, time-delayed, and phase-shifted replicas of the transmitted signal, the channel can be modeled as shown in Figure 3. which is a complex impulse response in the time domain.
Figure 3. Simulation for a mathematical model of the multipath impulse response. The base band impulse response can be written as [14] where 4 (t), T; (t), and 0; (t) are random variables expressing indicate the amplitude, excess delay, and phase shift of multiple paths, respective to the reference path /. In addition, L is the number of multipath components at the measurement instant. 6(.) represents the Dirac delta function. The received signal is given bv
Figure 3. Simulation for a mathematical model of the multipath impulse response. The base band impulse response can be written as [14] where 4 (t), T; (t), and 0; (t) are random variables expressing indicate the amplitude, excess delay, and phase shift of multiple paths, respective to the reference path /. In addition, L is the number of multipath components at the measurement instant. 6(.) represents the Dirac delta function. The received signal is given bv
where gQAmM = sa. Simon and Divsalar in [17], generalized the alternative representation of the Gaussian Q function to the two-dimensional case and showed in particular so the conditional probability P (E \ {7} )-1") under the AWGN channel can be written as
where gQAmM = sa. Simon and Divsalar in [17], generalized the alternative representation of the Gaussian Q function to the two-dimensional case and showed in particular so the conditional probability P (E \ {7} )-1") under the AWGN channel can be written as
For MRC with L independent identical channels (i.i.d), the BER for M-QAM can be obtained by averaging (38) over (20) as in (2) The BER for a single antenna transmitted a M-QAM signal in Rayleigh fading channel is given
For MRC with L independent identical channels (i.i.d), the BER for M-QAM can be obtained by averaging (38) over (20) as in (2) The BER for a single antenna transmitted a M-QAM signal in Rayleigh fading channel is given
Table 1. Parameters used in the simulation processes. Figure fluctuation (separation that the slo requiremen 4 is generated a because of the p separation has on the slot period, too smal The genera hase rotating nature of the LF. The lowest BE to be practically feasible for a given LF cable carrier frequency 3 GHz. It can be seen that the BER has a periodic R occurs at a slot period of 20 mm. Probably, this is the optimal value for the given frequency. However, note based on its length, loss and other factors). As the ratio between the transmitted and conducted RF energy depends separation will cause too much energy to be radiated and vice versa of energy received by the receiver decreases with high slot spacing. This lesser number of (radiating) slots in a given length (100 m). Essentia trend of increment in the BER as the slot period increases happens because the amount is probably because of a ly, this figure shows that, by appropriately optimizing the slot period of an LF for a given carrier frequency, a very low BER can he achieved.
Table 1. Parameters used in the simulation processes. Figure fluctuation (separation that the slo requiremen 4 is generated a because of the p separation has on the slot period, too smal The genera hase rotating nature of the LF. The lowest BE to be practically feasible for a given LF cable carrier frequency 3 GHz. It can be seen that the BER has a periodic R occurs at a slot period of 20 mm. Probably, this is the optimal value for the given frequency. However, note based on its length, loss and other factors). As the ratio between the transmitted and conducted RF energy depends separation will cause too much energy to be radiated and vice versa of energy received by the receiver decreases with high slot spacing. This lesser number of (radiating) slots in a given length (100 m). Essentia trend of increment in the BER as the slot period increases happens because the amount is probably because of a ly, this figure shows that, by appropriately optimizing the slot period of an LF for a given carrier frequency, a very low BER can he achieved.
Figure 4. Bit Error Rate vs. the slot period (number of slots) of the leaky feeder.
Figure 4. Bit Error Rate vs. the slot period (number of slots) of the leaky feeder.
Figure 5. BER of Leaky Feeder with phase matching.
Figure 5. BER of Leaky Feeder with phase matching.
Figure 6. BER of LF vs. single antenna.
Figure 6. BER of LF vs. single antenna.
Figure 7. BER of LF with the wave length.
Figure 7. BER of LF with the wave length.
Figure 8. BER of LF for different values of M.
Figure 8. BER of LF for different values of M.