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Source: Compiled from Ng and Yeats (2003, Table 11, p. 36). Note: East Asia includes Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Kore: Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan (China), Thailand, and Vietnan  Between 1995 and 2003, China’s trade balances in machinery, electrical machinery, chemical products, and transportation equipment have become increasingly negative in the case of its nine Asian partners but increasingly positive in the case of the United States and the European Union.”* These findings indicate that China’s participation in production sharing is both regional and global. Participation in production sharing on these two levels is also the case for East Asia as a whole.

Table 11 Source: Compiled from Ng and Yeats (2003, Table 11, p. 36). Note: East Asia includes Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Kore: Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan (China), Thailand, and Vietnan Between 1995 and 2003, China’s trade balances in machinery, electrical machinery, chemical products, and transportation equipment have become increasingly negative in the case of its nine Asian partners but increasingly positive in the case of the United States and the European Union.”* These findings indicate that China’s participation in production sharing is both regional and global. Participation in production sharing on these two levels is also the case for East Asia as a whole.