early Hinduism

A fresh and original translation from Sanskrit of the dashrajnya hymn (hymn 7.18 of Rig Veda) describing this defining battle between Aryan king Sudas and his Aryan as well as non-Aryan foes. The decisive battle led to the uprooting of many tribes from the Sapta Sindhu area.

Many existing beliefs are shown to be merely due to misunderstandings. Further, it is shown that the existing translations fall well short of the true meaning.
For example, no Matsya tribe was involved in this battle.

associated with P ar sva and Go s ala, whereas Vardham ana's practices and teachings focused more on monasticism, asceticism, and morality. Balcerowicz also devotes an extensive discussion to the early rock-cut caves of the Bar ab ar and N ag arjun ı Hills in present-day Bihar, which leads him to a reconsideration of the famous yet enigmatic Loh an ıpur nude male torsos now in the Patna Museum. His speculative conclusion that Aj ıvikas pioneered the ritual use of both rock-cut caves and three-dimensional icons should generate extensive discussion among historians of South Asian art. It may never be possible, based on the scant evidence available to us, to disentangle neatly the three strands of the ancient Indian ascetic movement associated with the teachers Go s ala, P ar sva, and Vardham ana, but Balcerowicz's book is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding how the ancient srama _ na traditions of north India reshaped the religious history of South Asia.

This thesis studies the evolution of Balarama in Vaisnavism through comparative analysis of Balarama stories from selected Hindu puranas: the Harivam[dotbelow]sa (HV), the Visnu purana (Vi.pu), the Brahma purana (Br.pu), and the Bhagavata purana (Bh.pu). Through careful ...