Web mapping services

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Lorensius W Londa Tiga NIM : 151 99 037 Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa skripsi saya yang berjudul: "PEMBANGUNAN APLIKASI WEB UNTUK PEMANTAUAN PERGERAKAN KENDARAAN PADA SISTEM PENJEJAKAN BERBASIS GPS" adalah benar dibuat oleh saya sendiri dan belum pernah dibuat dan diserahkan sebelumnya, baik sebagian ataupun seluruhnya, baik oleh saya maupun oleh orang lain, baik di ITB maupun di institusi pendidikan lainnya.

Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) has been increasing globally from the past as the habitat of wildlife and human activities overlaps increasing their interaction. The wildlife plays important role in maintaining the ecosystem balance, but now are on the way to extinction as they require large habitats, which have been degraded. Therefore, regular encounters with humans and their livestock have caused humanwildlife conflicts resulting revenge killings. Informed decision making based on updated spatial data visualized as map can help prevent such conflicts.

This paper examines the use of Google Maps-based tools to collect spatial responses from participants during academic research surveys conducted via the Internet. Using two recent examples from the University of East Anglia it discusses the online survey context and how Google Maps was used, issues surrounding the technical implementation of these tools, processing and use of the collected data, and concludes with considerations for future research that might employ similar methods.

Improving the use of vector data in web mapping is often shown as an important challenge. Such shift from raster to vector web maps would open web mapping and GIS to new innovations and new practices. The main obstacle is a performance issue: Vector web maps in nowadays web mapping environments are usually too slow and not usable. Existing techniques for vector web mapping cannot solve alone the performance issue. This article describes a unified framework where some of these techniques are integrated in order to build efficient vector web mapping clients and servers. This framework is composed of the following elements: Specific formats for vector data and symbology, vector tiling, spatial index services, and generalization for multiscale data. A prototype based on this framework has been implemented and has shown satisfying results. Some principles for future standards to support the development of vector web mapping are given.

Internet maps could be improved with the use automated mapping methods, especially automated generalisation techniques. This article analyses why automated generalisation is not used in web mapping and presents a some solutions to plug generalisation on the web.

Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus, in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.

Geospatial technology that is, remote sensing (RS), geographical information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) have proved to be an efficient tool in the field of modern day geographical and geological studies. GIS and Remote sensing techniques have been adopted for the identification of different morphological features and to analyze their existence in a hilly river basin of Meghalaya plateau, which is located in the two North-East Indian states of Meghalaya and Assam. Morphometric analysis of any drainage basin can be very much effective in determining the landform characteristics and the processes and components behind its development. The morphometric parameters of the study area have been discussed with respect to linear, areal and relief aspects. The geological formation of the basin area varies from Shillong group of rocks in the undulated hilly areas of Meghalaya plateau to unconsolidated river alluvium in the plain parts of Brahmaputra valley. It is a 7th order drainage basin and the entire drainage network can be defined as "Trellis" in nature. It has been observed that the drainage density value is in between medium to low which indicates that the basin has highly permeable sub-soil material and thick vegetative cover in the most of its areas. The moderate values of bifurcation ratio in the basin area indicates the possibilities of structural control over the development of the entire drainage network. The circularity ratio value reveals that the basin is elongated in shape and a predominance of highly permeable homogenous geologic material. The aim of the present study is to find out the various sets of inherent factors which were behind the formation of this river basin and its hydrologic nature.

Nowadays, the most common medium used to promote tourist destinations is the internet. Amongst the great advantages of the internet in the tourism business is that it enables the customer to have much easier and direct access to a very large amount of up-to-date information and visual description of desirable location than traditional printed media.

Accessibility is a fundamental aspect in transportation, routing, and spare-time activity planning concerning traveling in modern cities. In this context, interactive web-based accessibility-map visualization techniques and systems are important tools for provisioning, exploration, analysis, and assessment of multi-modal and location-based travel time data and routing information. To enable their effective application, such interactive visualization techniques demands for flexible mappings with respect to user-adjustable parameters such as maximum travel times, the types of transportation used, or used color schemes. However, traditional approaches for web-based visualization of accessibility-maps do not allow this degree of parametrization without significant latencies introduced by required data processing and transmission between the routing server and the visualization client. This paper presents a novel web-based visualization technique that allows for efficient client-side mapping and rendering of accessibility data onto transportation networks using WebGL and the OpenGL transmission format. A performance evaluation and comparison shows the superior performance of the approach over alternative implementations.

Big data storage management is one of the most challenging issues for Grid computing environments, since large amount of data intensive applications frequently involve a high degree of data access locality. Grid applications typically deal with large amounts of data. In traditional approaches high-performance computing consists dedicated servers that are used to data storage and data replication. In this paper we present a new mechanism for distributed and big data storage and resource discovery services. Here we proposed an architecture named Dynamic and Scalable Storage Management (DSSM) architecture in grid environments. This allows in grid computing not only sharing the computational cycles, but also share the storage space. The storage can be transparently accessed from any grid machine, allowing easy data sharing among grid users and applications. The concept of virtual ids that, allows the creation of virtual spaces has been introduced and used. The DSSM divides all Grid Oriented Storage devices (nodes) into multiple geographically distributed domains and to facilitate the locality and simplify the intra-domain storage management. Grid service based storage resources are adopted to stack simple modular service piece by piece as demand grows. To this end, we propose four axes that define: DSSM architecture and algorithms description, Storage resources and resource discovery into Grid service, Evaluate purpose prototype system, dynamically, scalability, and bandwidth, and Discuss results. Algorithms at bottom and upper level for standardization dynamic and scalable storage management, along with higher bandwidths have been designed.

Os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) permitem produzir, analisar, e gerenciar informações georeferenciadas. O desenvolvimento e popularização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) possibilitam a democratização dessa tecnologia. O presente artigo trata da Informação Geográfica veiculada na Web aplicada ao Patrimônio Cultural, traz exemplos e propostas de classificação quanto ao conteúdo e tecnologia, de projetos que tem por base a documentação do patrimônio.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a data processing system which accepts all objects on the earth as geographic data, and shows these over a numeric platform with its unique methods. GIS has developed rapidly in recent years in parallel with information technologies. Then many institutions
especially related with organizing and planning the environments,
municipalities, armed forces, tourism agencies, and educators are in an effort to benefit from this data processing system in the highest level.

Some companies having the authority in information technologies share their products with their customers via GIS. These products’ enriched contents help users explore different places of the earth and new opportunities. In today’s world, it is easy to reach many free and paid services from motionless
views, navigation, traffic jam, to hotel reservation in the virtual environment (web). But the use of information technologies creates some problems in parallel with its benefits. The leading problem of them is how to use these technologies with the lowest price and the most effective way.

In this study, web-based GIS programmes which have developed
rapidly especially in the last decade, their performances and qualifications were investigated. In this context, four main web-based map systems’ (Google Maps, BingMaps, Yahoo! Maps, OviMaps) online GIS services were examined with some tests in terms of speed, security, reliability, accessibility, and extensibility.

Key words: Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Web Mapping Services, Web-based GIS

The adoption of business processes to design business activities is becoming a reality to a significant number of companies. In addition, the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is being used in diverse situations for the execution of business processes using computational resources. In this context, the need of business process automation appears with high relevance. In this work, we present a solution named BPA-SOA, which aims to automate SOA-based business processes, specified in BPMN, into WS-BPEL executable processes. In BPA-SOA, business and service information can be specified at the business level, translated into executable artifacts, deployed in execution-level resources and enforced at runtime. An illustrative scenario is presented to better illustrate and showcase the proposed solution.

The increasing interest in developing efficient and effective optimization techniques has conducted researchers to turn their attention towards biology. It has been noticed that biology offers many clues for designing novel optimization techniques, these approaches exhibit self-organizing capabilities and permit the reachability of promising solutions without the existence of a central coordinator. In this paper we handle the problem of dynamic web service composition, by using the clonal selection algorithm. In order to assess the optimality rate of a given composition, we use the QOS attributes of the services involved in the workflow as well as, the semantic similarity between these components. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach has a better performance in comparison with other approaches such as the genetic algorithm.

One of the most widely-implemented service standards provided by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) to the user community is the Web Map Service (WMS). WMS is widely employed globally, but there is limited knowledge of the global distribution, adoption status or the service quality of these online WMS resources. To fill this void, we investigated global WMSs resources and performed distributed performance monitoring of these services. This paper explicates a distributed monitoring framework that was used to monitor 46,296 WMSs continuously for over one year and a crawling method to discover these WMSs. We analyzed server locations, provider types, themes, the spatiotemporal coverage of map layers and the service versions for 41,703 valid WMSs. Furthermore, we appraised the stability and performance of basic operations for 1210 selected WMSs (i.e., GetCapabilities and GetMap). We discuss the major reasons for request errors and performance issues, as well as the relationship between service response times and the spatiotemporal distribution of client monitoring sites. This paper will help service providers, end users and developers of standards to grasp the status of global WMS resources, as well as to understand the adoption status of OGC standards. The conclusions drawn in this paper can benefit geospatial resource discovery, service performance evaluation and guide service performance improvements.

ABSTARCT Web Service is a reusable component which has set of related functionalities that service requesters can programmatically access from the service provider and manipulate through the Web. One of the main security issue is to secure web services from the malicious requesters. Since trust plays an important role in many kinds of human communication, it allows people to work under insecurity and with the risk of negative cost, many researchers have proposed different trust based web services access control model to prevent malicious requesters. In this literature review, various existing trust based web services access control model have been studied also investigated how the concept of a trust level is used in the access control policy of a service provider to allow service requester to access the web services.

with the globalization the computing systems have become more prone to security related threats thus development of robust technique in field of cryptography has become essential. Security in IP routing is excessively important for the modern times towards secured transmission of messages. Symmetric cryptography could be a sustainable solution towards trespassing of communication and misuses of information. A cryptographic algorithm is considered to be computationally secure if it cannot be broken with standard resources either in present or in future. At the time of designing that has to be kept in mind the algorithm must be robust in nature especially when it is executing on the lap of the IP-Routing environment. We introduce the QR-Crypt block cipher cryptography technique. QR-Crypts has new features and encryption takes place at dual level of across the string as well as across the cipher image. Thus, QR-Crypt technique makes any system doubly secured. The algorithm can be implemented in higher level language and MA TLAB can be used for image generation & image reading. We have tried to generate a new protocol based on QR decomposition of any matrix for encryption phase and getting back original matrix after multiplying matrices Q & R (which is obtained from cipher image). This technique can make the IP routing environment security to a greater level.

The increase in the number of available web services led to the increase in the similarity of services functionality offered by different providers each with different QoS parameters. Therefore, in web service composition, the selection of the optimal service to satisfy the QoS values required by user is one of the significant requirements. Moreover, the dynamic nature of web services adds more challenges to obtain the accuracy of the selection process. Most of the existing service composition approaches deal with services changes during composition execution, causing a re-planning or re-selection that affecst the service composition performance. In this paper, we introduce the clustering-based service selection model that outperforms the existing ones. The proposed model has the ability to detect and recover the changes in service repository by monitoring the composition process from a global point of view. The approach is a two-levels-based web service clustering. The proposed model encompasses a clustering process, a planning process, a selection process and a recovery process.

Данная работа представляет результат геопространственного анализа выбранной территории (западная часть Турции, регион Измир) с комбинированным использованием космических снимков Google Earth, Landsat TM и ГИС ПО Erdas Imagine. В работе рассмотрены преимущества совместного использования космических снимков разной категории и детальности (мультиспектральные снимки Landsat TM и ETM+, а также Google Earth веб-сервис) вкупе с ГИС обеспечением для задач геопространственного анализа, часто решаемые в Высшей школе на курсах географии и наук о Земле. Данная работа приводит пример успешного изучения ландшафтов. Изучение распространения различных типов земной поверхности, моделированное с помощью Landsat TM и Google Earth позволяет анализировать динамику изменений ландшафтов, а также подтверждает возможность эффективного использования веб-сервиса Google Earth для тематического картографирования. Для классификации снимков были использованы технологии обработки снимков методами доступных модулей ПО Erdas Imagine. Веб-сервис Google Earth был успешно использован для верификации и валидации результатов картографирования с помощью модуля «Linking with Google Earth».

– Pollution of the environment is a problem of the modern age. The technology developed and used over the past decades has left serious consequences on human environment and implied the need for resolving them. Preserving quality of water, air and soil are quite common issues in many countries. This paper presents
one way of dealing with these challenges, based on sensor networks and the Sensor Web concept. The solution is given as GinisSense system. GinisSense is designed accordingly to Open Geospatial Consortium specifications and recommendations for the field of Sensor Web. This paper explains GinisSense
architecture and presents its opportunities for environmental monitoring, preservation and protection.

This paper will present the results of the AEROSIG project "Design of an Expert system for the Management of Airport Areas", financed by Ministerio de Fomento. (Aids to investigation 2003, Spain). The main aim is the development of a methodological tool to improve the territorial planning and management process of the airport surrounding areas. The works have consisted on the development of an Expert System prototype tested on a 5 km area influence from the airport of Palma (Mallorca, Spain). From a territorial database, a deep space analysis has been developed in relation to the behavior of the different variables, and their distribution patterns as well as their relationships. Consequently, multicriteria models have been implemented in order to create a set of decision rules which will allow to identify the suitable uses and adapt to its territorial characteristics. The user interface has been implemented in a Web-based technology, which has a Cartographic Server built over the Internet GIS software: ArcIMS (ESRI) that fulfills the standards OpenGIS Consortium and facilitates the user the remote access to the system and the cartographic information. It can be used at http://www.aerosig.org.

Il quarto capitolo del libro affronta l'argomento della cartografia di base a disposizione per la redazione di un progetto di cartografia archeologica.
Vengono passati in rassegna i principali repertori (IGM, CTR, cartografia catastale, tematica e aerofotografica) e viene presentato l'uso dei servizi di web-mapping per la ricerca e georeferenziazione dei siti archeologici.

The growing proliferation of distributed information systems, allows organizations to offer their business processes to a worldwide audience through Web services. Semantic Web services have emerged as a means to achieve the vision of automatic discovery, selection, composition, and invocation of Web services by encoding the specifications of these software components in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable form. Several frameworks have been devised as enabling technologies for Semantic Web services. In this paper, we survey the prominent Semantic Web service frameworks. In addition, a set of criteria is identified and the discussed frameworks are evaluated and compared with respect to these criteria. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Semantic Web service frameworks can help researchers to utilize the most appropriate one according to their needs.

Los países de Iberoamérica, al igual que el resto del mundo, enfrentan retos nacionales cuya solución se soporta, cada vez más, en la aplicación de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones. Por otra parte, la importancia de la componente geoespacial en la sociedad es reconocida universalmente al afirmarse que entre el 80% y el 90 % de toda la información involucrada en la toma de decisiones de los gobiernos, es georeferenciada. La presente investigación expone la implementación de un Servicio web  de Información Geográfica Temática Georreferenciada (Mapoteca Digital) en correspondencia con los objetivos e intereses generales y específicos del proceso de informatización de la sociedad cubana y del Programa Ramal del Desarrollo de la Red de la Ciencia en Cuba. http://www.redciencia.cu/.

The growing digitalization of scientific research practices is reflected in the content that academic and governmental institutions put on their websites, many of which are not optimized so that their contents reach visibility in search results of Google. Through the mapping of search engine results, this article analyzes the visibility of Ibero-American governmental, educational and research institutions in the results of Google in relation to a group of keywords related to the areas of Science, Research and Innovation. By analyzing the results of these pages in the search results in a specific period we can determine that, although few exceptions, the algorithms used by Google increase the visibility of educational and research institutions in Ibero-America (IA) along with those of each country in function of the national search option offered by the search engine. The indicators obtained both for web presence and web visibility indicate that pages that appear more frequently in the first positions in IA countries are not owned by national institutions, but from other countries. Moreover, we have observed that governmental and educational institutions are most visible than research institutions. While previously social networks are not so far popular for this type of institutions, they are recently gaining positions. However, this study is exploratory and a longitudinal research would eliminate fluctuations of web data.

Web Services technology has the potential to cater an enterprise's needs, providing the ability to integrate different systems and application types regardless of their platform, operating system, programming language, or location. Web Services could be deployed in traditional, centralized or brokered client server approach or they could be in peer to peer manner. Web Services could act as a server providing functionality to a requester or act as a client, receiving functionality from any service. From the performance perspective the availability of Web Services plays an important role among many parameters.

Distributing geographic information via the Internet allows interoperability with similar information and real-time integration of data from around the world. The software developed allows the users to exchange, integrate, and analyze data in new ways. Users can combine various environmental indicators (organic carbon content) and information accessed via the Internet with their local data for display, query, and analysis. In order to guarantee interoperability, the developed services are based on international standards, as promoted by the INSPIRE initiative.

Digital maps are ubiquitous, supporting countless online activities. Most interactive mapping platforms support three user operations to move across space: zooming in, zooming out, and panning. While using interactive maps, it is common for users to land in an unfamiliar area at high zoom levels. To understand the location of the area, users zoom out, identify known objects, such as large cities and other landmarks, and zoom back into the target area, an operation known as confirmation of relative position. This operation is cognitively complex, time-consuming, and prone to cause disorientation. This article outlines a generic framework to support map navigation by placing contextual information around the map, bridging the on-and off-screen spaces. The proposed framework allows the dynamic generation of spatial cues in a context frame in the map that shows objects located outside of the map, reducing the need for relative positioning. The approach is based on an algorithm that ranks the prominence of nearby objects, and is illustrated in a case study about a small Italian town. This framework can also support cognitive mapping, showing spatial relations between geographical objects in a novel way. The source code and a demo of the framework are available online.

Geodetic Documentation Centers collect geodetic and cartographic resources. The resources include spatial data and their metadata. European Union INSPIRE directive imposes an obligation on GDC to publish selected data in the Internet. In this paper, an adequate form of publication is discussed on the base of iGeoMap application.

The Internet application iGeoMap merges data from various resources. Depending on the data to present, different types of resources are used. The application can publish spatial data from files (text or binary), a database specialized in spatial data service (PostgreSQL, ORACLE), or web services (Web Map Service, Web Feature Service). Utilization of various data sources by the application is presented in this paper.

As a part of the subject, searches of the  most popular data (parcels, address points, and control points) are discussed. Various data sources and searching mechanisms involved by the searches in iGeoMap are presented in use cases.

Advancements in the field of mobile device technology, social networking and geospatial technologies have brought about a new phase of geo-information applications in disaster management. Crowd sourced geospatial information also called Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in conjunction with Open source geographic information systems can pool vital information required for disaster response. The 2010 Haiti earthquake has brought about significant change towards the approach of VGI. During an emergency the lack of precise information greatly hindered relief efforts, Local Spatial Knowledge (LSK) is one of the major prerequisites in effective disaster management, information you get from people who are actually there in the vicinity of the disaster is most valuable, based on which critical decisions can be made that could save thousands of lives. This paper is an attempt to highlight the potential of crowd sourcing application using Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) technology that will help in information dissemination to assist people in disasters. The online application can be accessed by volunteers or people affected by the hazard and can upload the coordinates of locations to websites like Open Street Map with an Internet connection this information can then be used to direct emergency personnel to the right location instantly. The application will be hosted using ms4w-mapserver, the GIS layers will be server to Geoserver and database will have PostgreSQL/PostGIS and Open layers will be the Application Programming Interface (API). This application can provide accurate and up-to-date crisis information for disaster management. This application can serve as a replacement for the traditional methods of data collection and decision-making by saving lot of precious time required for response activities.

Pollution of the environment is a problem of the modern age. The technology developed and used over the past decades has left serious consequences on human environment and implied the need for resolving them. Preserving quality of water, air and soil are quite common issues in many countries. This paper presents one way of dealing with these challenges, based on sensor networks and the Sensor Web concept. The solution is given as GinisSense system. GinisSense is designed accordingly to Open Geospatial Consortium specifications and recommendations for the field of Sensor Web. This paper explains GinisSense architecture and presents its opportunities for environmental monitoring, preservation and protection.

Pollution of the environment is a problem of the modern age. The technology developed and used over the past decades has left serious consequences on human environment and implied the need for resolving them. Preserving quality of water, air and soil are quite common issues in many countries. This paper presents one way of dealing with these challenges, based on sensor networks and the Sensor Web concept. The solution is given as GinisSense system. GinisSense is designed accordingly to Open Geospatial Consortium specifications and recommendations for the field of Sensor Web. This paper explains GinisSense architecture and presents its opportunities for environmental monitoring, preservation and protection.

Web service paths can accomplish customer requirements. During the execution of a web service path, violations of service level agreements (SLAs) will cause the path to be re-planed (healed). Existing re-planning techniques generally suffer from shortcomings of ignoring the effect of requirement change. This paper proposes a two-leveled path re-planning technique (TLPRP), which offers the following features: (a) TLPRP is composed of both meta and physical levels. The meta level re-planning senses environment parameters (e.g., requirement change and analysis/design errors) and re-plan the affected component paths produced by system design. (b) The physical level re-planning algorithm possesses the ability of web service path composition. (c) The re-planning algorithm embeds an access control policy that computes a successful possibility for every path to facilitate avoiding execution failure caused by web service access failure.

Service-Oriented Applications (SOA) are being regarded as the main pragmatic solution for distributed environments. In such systems, however each service responds the user request independently, it is essential to compose them for delivering a compound value-added service. Since, there may be a number of compositions to create the requested service, it is important to find one which its properties are close to user's desires and meet some non-functional constraints and optimize criteria such as overall cost or response time. In this paper, a user-centric approach is presented for evaluating the service compositions which attempts to obtain the user desires. This approach uses fuzzy logic in order to inference based on quality criteria ranked by user and Genetic Algorithms to optimize the QoS-aware composition problem. Results show that the Fuzzy-based Genetic algorithm system enables user to participate in the process of web service composition easier and more efficient.

Imagine you are doing geology surveys in the field, enjoying geology map services as powerful as Google Maps: locating yourself on the map, zooming in, zooming out, drawing lines to get the stratigraphic profile, marking down a sampling site, taking a selfie with your rock sample, searching for nearby geologists, making small talks online, sipping your ice cold beer (I'm kidding, no beer provided).