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Sebetulnya dahulunya alam semesta ini belum ada, Itu waktu belum ada perhitungan tahun, bulan, minggu dan hari. Karena belum ada matahari dan bulan. Ketika itu cuma yang ada Zat yang Wajibul Wujud, ia Zat Alloh Tuhan Yang Maha Pencipta, oleh karena itu "Dia" dinamakan "Kholiq" artinya, Pencipta, dan alam semesta ini, termasuk semua isinya dinamakan "makhluq" artinya yang diciptakan.

Unfair metrical task systems are a generalization of online metrical task systems. In this paper we introduce new techniques to combine algorithms for unfair metrical task systems and apply these techniques to obtain improved randomized online algorithms for metrical task systems on arbitrary metric spaces.

Globalisasi merupakan satu fenomena yang sedang melanda dunia pada masa kini. Bertolak dari hal ini, semua bidang menerima impak yang ketara, khususnya disiplin ilmu seni. Di Malaysia disiplin ilmu seni menunjukkan satu perubahan positif yang rakus. Kerakusan ini selaras dengan pelaksanaan mata pelajaran Pendidikan Seni di Malaysia yang berperanan sebagai satu disiplin ilmu yang signifikan dengan hasrat murni yang terkandung di dalam Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan. Dalam era globalisasi terjahan maklumat menerusi perantaraan media komunikasi seperti teknologi komputer, internet, satelit, media elektronik, dan teknologi siber telah menjadikan disiplin seni melonjak ke satu tahap yang tinggi dan bersifat terbuka luas. Hal ini selaras dengan pendapat Alvin Toffler dalam Hassan Ahmad (1995) yang mengatakan bahawa, "...gelombang ketiga (third wave) dalam perkembangan tamadun dunia ialah zaman teknologi maklumat ." Hassan Mohd Ghazali, Konvensyen Pendidikan Seni Visual (2000 : 85)

Hukum hindu adalah hukum agama dalam arti yang sebenar-benarnya. Sebagai hukum agama, hukum hindu disamakan dalam arti yang sebenar-benarnya. Sebagai hukum agama, hukum hindu disamakan pengertiannya dengan dharma yang bersumber pada Rta. Agama itu sendiri juga merupakan norma atau kaidah-kaidah moral yang bersumber langsung dari wahyu Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Dari sini tampak ada usaha untuk mengkaitkan nilai-nilai agama dengan praktek kehidupan, apakah misalnya nilai agama itu telah ditranformasikan kedalan normanorma sosial yang mengatur kehidupan manusia dia dalam masyarakat.

Personal computers are increasingly becoming the platform of choice to design and implement control algorithms because it is simple to write, modify and update software programs that implement control algorithms. In this paper, the personal computer is used to control the electrical appliances which includes turning high power alternating current (AC) loads such as lights, fans, heaters etc ON or OFF. To successfully integrate the interface box with the machine (laptop), an interface device is used within the PC that can perform the necessary tasks. The interface box can be controlled by the computer by connecting to the USB port and developed a program in C-sharp(C#) programming language. The program will demonstrate the basic idea of how to control devices and monitor events. With the program, the computer can turn electric devices ON/OFF while disregarding the manual control system. Moreover, the people who are physically disabled in homes and work places are able to control the ...

Mercury-Sensitized Photo-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (Hg-Photo-CVD) technique opens new possibilities for reducing thin film growth temperature and producing novel semiconductor materials suitable for the future generation of high efficiency thin film solar cells onto low cost flexible plastic substrates. This paper provides some experimental data resulting from the optical characterization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films grown by this deposition technique. Experiments have been performed on both as-deposited layers and thermal annealed ones. La technique de dépôt photochimique en phase vapeur sensibilisé au mercure (Hg-Photo-CVD) ouvre de nouvelles possibilités pour réduire la température de croissance des couches minces et produire de nouveaux matériaux semiconducteurs convenables pour la future génération de photopiles, de haut rendement et petit prix, réalisées en couches minces déposées sur des substrats flexibles en plastique. Ce papier présente des résultats expérimentaux obtenus à travers la caractérisation optique de couches minces de silicium amorphe hydrogéné élaborées par cette technique de dépôt. Les mesures ont été effectuées en faisant varier soit la température de croissance soit la température de recuit.

Results are presented from a search for a W boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 fb −1 of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV. The W boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both lefthanded and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W → tb, leading to a final state signature with a single electron or muon, missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is identified as a b-jet. A W boson that couples to the right-handed (left-handed) chiral projections of the fermions with the same coupling constants as the W is excluded for masses below 1.85 (1.51) TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W gauge couplings for a set of left-and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.

Wave mechanics of a particle in 1-D box (size $= d$) is critically analyzed to reveal its untouched aspects. When the particle rests in its ground state, its zero-point force ($F_o$) produces non-zero strain by modifying the box size from $d$ to $d' = d + \Delta d$ in all practical situations where the force ($F_a$) restoring $d$ is not infinitely strong. Assuming that $F_a$ originates from a potential $\propto x^2$ ($x$ being a small change in $d$), we find that: (i) the particle and strained box assume a mutually bound state (under the equilibrium between $F_o$ and $F_a$) with binding energy $\Delta{E} = -\epsilon_o'\Delta{d}/d'$ (with $\epsilon_o' = h^2/8md'^2$ being the ground state energy of the particle in the strained box), (ii) the box size oscillates around $d'$ when the said equilibrium is disturbed, (iii) an exchange of energy between the particle and the strained box occurs during such oscillations, and (iv) the particle, having collisional motion...

This study investigates whether distinct neurodevelopmental disorders show distinct patterns of impairments in particular grammatical abilities and the relation of those grammatical patterns to gen-eral language delays and intellectual disabilities. We studied two disorders (autism and Williams syndrome [WS]) and two distinct properties (Principle A that governs reflexives and Principle B that, together with its associated pragmatic rule, governs pronouns) of the binding module of grammar. These properties are known to have markedly different courses of acquisition in typical development. We compare the knowledge of binding in children with autism with language impairment (ALI) and those with normal language (ALN) to that of children with WS, matched on age to the ALN group, and on age and nonverbal mental age (MA) to the ALI group, as well as to two groups of typically developing (TD) controls, matched on nonverbal MA to ALI and ALN groups. Our results reveal a remarkably different...

Results are presented from a search for a W boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 fb −1 of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV. The W boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both lefthanded and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W → tb, leading to a final state signature with a single electron or muon, missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is identified as a b-jet. A W boson that couples to the right-handed (left-handed) chiral projections of the fermions with the same coupling constants as the W is excluded for masses below 1.85 (1.51) TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W gauge couplings for a set of left-and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.

Results are presented from a search for a W boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 fb −1 of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV. The W boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both lefthanded and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W → tb, leading to a final state signature with a single electron or muon, missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is identified as a b-jet. A W boson that couples to the right-handed (left-handed) chiral projections of the fermions with the same coupling constants as the W is excluded for masses below 1.85 (1.51) TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W gauge couplings for a set of left-and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.

Results are presented from a search for a W boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 fb −1 of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV. The W boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both lefthanded and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W → tb, leading to a final state signature with a single electron or muon, missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is identified as a b-jet. A W boson that couples to the right-handed (left-handed) chiral projections of the fermions with the same coupling constants as the W is excluded for masses below 1.85 (1.51) TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W gauge couplings for a set of left-and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.

Results are presented from a search for a W boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 fb −1 of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV. The W boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both lefthanded and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W → tb, leading to a final state signature with a single electron or muon, missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is identified as a b-jet. A W boson that couples to the right-handed (left-handed) chiral projections of the fermions with the same coupling constants as the W is excluded for masses below 1.85 (1.51) TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W gauge couplings for a set of left-and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.

In the paper " Physics is easy" we showed, that leptons ( electron, muon, tau ), W + -Z bosons and neutrinos ( electron neutrino, muon neutrino, tau neutrino) can be replaced with electron moving at different speeds from 0.1c up to 0.999.. c .

We solve exactly the Regge-Wheeler equation for axial perturbations of the Schwarzschild metric in the black hole interior in terms of Heun functions and give a description of the spectrum and the eigenfunctions of the interior problem. The phenomenon of attraction and repulsion of the discrete eigenvalues of gravitational waves is discovered.

We consider a classical lattice gas that consists of more than one "species" of particles (like a spin-3 2 Ising model or the atomic limit of the extended Hubbard model), whose ground-state phase diagram is macroscopically degenerate. This gas is coupled component-wise and in the Falicov-Kimball-like manner to a multicomponent free-fermion gas. We show rigorously that a component-wise coupling of the classical subsystem to the quantum one orders the classical subsystem so that the macroscopic degeneracy is removed.

Büchi’s theorem establishes the equivalence of the satisfiability relation for monadic second-order logic, and the acceptance relation for Büchi automata. The development of the theories of monadic second-order logic and Büchi automata follows Thomas’s survey[6] closely, in that all of the concepts and results found in this report are also in [6]. However, because the scope of Thomas’s survey is much greater, he develops the theories in a more general (and more complicated) way than is necessary to understand Büchi’s theorem, and he only sketches the proof of Büchi’s theorem, which is given in detail here. Two theories concerned with infinite words For both of the theories considered in this report, the relations of interest depend on infinite words. We will not consider finite words, although those theories can be developed in a similar way to what follows 1. An alphabet A is a finite set of symbols a, ai. A word over A is a sequence w such that w(i) ∈ A for all i ∈ N. A language i...

Results are presented from a search for a W boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 fb −1 of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV. The W boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both lefthanded and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W → tb, leading to a final state signature with a single electron or muon, missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is identified as a b-jet. A W boson that couples to the right-handed (left-handed) chiral projections of the fermions with the same coupling constants as the W is excluded for masses below 1.85 (1.51) TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W gauge couplings for a set of left-and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.

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A search for new physics in proton-proton collisions having final states with an electron or muon and missing transverse energy is presented. The analysis uses data collected in 2012 with the CMS detector, at an LHC center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb −1. No significant deviation of the transverse mass distribution of the charged lepton-neutrino system from the standard model prediction is found. Mass exclusion limits of up to 3.28 TeV at 95% confidence level for a W boson with the same couplings as that of the standard model W boson are determined. Results are also derived in the framework of split universal extra dimensions, and exclusion limits on Kaluza-Klein W (2) KK states are found. The final state with large missing transverse energy also enables a search for dark matter production with a recoiling W boson, with limits set on the mass and the production cross section of potential candidates. Finally, limits are established for a model including interference between a left-handed W boson and the standard model W boson, and for a compositeness model.

A search for new physics in proton-proton collisions having final states with an electron or muon and missing transverse energy is presented. The analysis uses data collected in 2012 with the CMS detector, at an LHC center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb −1. No significant deviation of the transverse mass distribution of the charged lepton-neutrino system from the standard model prediction is found. Mass exclusion limits of up to 3.28 TeV at 95% confidence level for a W boson with the same couplings as that of the standard model W boson are determined. Results are also derived in the framework of split universal extra dimensions, and exclusion limits on Kaluza-Klein W (2) KK states are found. The final state with large missing transverse energy also enables a search for dark matter production with a recoiling W boson, with limits set on the mass and the production cross section of potential candidates. Finally, limits are established for a model including interference between a left-handed W boson and the standard model W boson, and for a compositeness model.

A blind or visually impaired user can get lost in hyperspace on one single W3-page. This paper presents Web Access for Blind users (WAB), a working system which makes web-surfing easier for blind persons. Normally, structure and meta information in HTML documents are displayed visually and are difficult for blind users to recognize. WAB transforms structure and meta information into a form that can be more easily read by visually handicapped people. Titles, links and form elements are described textually. Special navigation aids allow the blind user to navigate through the title hierarchy as well as through the list of links. The implemented system works with any World-Wide-Web-browser and any screen reader. No additional software has to be installed on the user's computer.

In the present context of increasing demand for energy and biofuel, the microbial synthesis of ethanol using industry waste materials has gained recent importance. The present study deals with the ethanol production from whey-a dairy waste by using potential thermotolerant immobilized yeasts isolates in free and immobilized state. Two species of thermotolerant yeasts strains, Candida inconspicua W16, Candida xylopsoci W23 and standard culture of K. marxianus NCDC 39 were used for bioethanol production. Of the selected thermotolerant yeast species, Candida inconspicua W16 exhibited the maximum production of ethanol (3.03±0.02 v/v) on immobilization as well as in free State (1.92±0.08% v/v) within 72 h using whey as a substrate. The experiment revealed that the thermotolerant yeast Candida inconspicua W16 is efficient in bioethanol production from whey, when it is immobilized.

A hypergeometric type equation satisfying certain conditions defines either a finite or an infinite system of orthogonal polynomials. We present in a unified and explicit way all these systems of orthogonal polynomials, the associated special functions and the corresponding raising/lowering operators. The considered equations are directly related to some Schrodinger type equations (Poschl-Teller, Scarf, Morse, etc), and the defined special functions are related to the corresponding bound-state eigenfunctions.

Walk-off effects, originating from the difference between the group and phase velocities, limit the efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions [1, 2]. While transverse walk-off can be eliminated by proper medium engineering, longitudinal walk-off is harder to avoid. In particular, ultrafast twinbeam generation via pulsed parametric downconversion (PDC) and four-wave mixing (FWM) is only possible in short crystals [3] or fibres [4, 5] or in double-path schemes [6]. Here we show that in high-gain PDC [7-10], one can overcome the destructive role of both effects and even turn them into useful tools for shaping the emission. In our experiment, one of the twin beams is emitted along the pump Poynting vector or its group velocity matches that of the pump. The result is dramatically enhanced generation of both twin beams, with the simultaneous narrowing of angular and frequency spectrum. The effect will enable efficient generation of ultrafast twin photons and beams in cavities [11], waveguides [12], and whispering-gallery mode resonators [13].