Virus Research Papers - Academia.edu

Persons at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are also likely to be at risk for other infectious pathogens, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). These are bloodborne pathogens transmitted... more

Bookmark
Download
- by jose medrano
- •
- 23
  Medical Microbiology, Treatment, Drug Discovery, Treatment Outcome

We describe the finding of a novel viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) Genotype III strain that caused disease of both a neurological and septicaemic nature in seawater-farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Storfjorden,... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Helle Frank Skall
- •
- 23
  Pathology, Epidemiology, Fisheries, Immunohistochemistry

No matter whether it comes by divine wrath, nuclear war, climate change, zombies, a pandemic or by machines rebellion: the apocalypse will be urban. Cities are at the same time the most complex and valuable creation of our civilization,... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Ken Fallas
- •
- 7
  Literature, Urbanism, Fiction, Virus

An account of the negative aliens' relatively recent agendas with respect to, once again, resorting to bio-viral weaponization and bio-warfare using a viral agent such as the so-called coronavirus as to try to depopulate Earth with the... more

The systematic review focused on the prognosis, mortality, medications, and promising vaccines for COVID-19. COVID-19 severity varies. Mild cases often recover within two weeks, while people with severe diseases may take 3 – 6 weeks to... more

The systematic review focused on the prognosis, mortality, medications, and promising vaccines for COVID-19. COVID-19 severity varies. Mild cases often recover within two weeks, while people with severe diseases may take 3 – 6 weeks to recover. Among people who died, the time from the onset of symptom to death ranged from 2 – 8 weeks. Children constitute a small percentage of reported cases, with around 1% of cases under 10 years and 4% aged 10 to 19 years. The risk of death is below 0.5% in those younger than 50 years, while more than 8% in those older than 70. Most of the people who die of COVID-19 have pre-existing conditions, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. The impact of COVID-19 and its rate of mortality are different for both men and women; mortality rate is higher in men. As of May 2020, it is not known if past infection provides long-term and effective immunity in those who recover from the viral disease. Some of the infected people were reported to develop protective antibodies; the acquired immunity is presumed possible, based on other coronaviruses’ behaviour. The total infection fatality rate (IFR) is estimated to be 0.66%. No approved vaccine to treat the disease yet. International research on medicines and vaccines in COVID-19 is underway by academic groups, industry researchers, and government organizations. As of May 2020, there are over 300 active clinical trials underway. Many existing medications are under evaluation for COVID-19 treatment, including remdesivir, chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir combined with interferon beta; as of May 2020, there is tentative evidence for remdesivir efficacy. Other candidates in trials are vasodilators, immune therapies, lipoic acid, corticosteroids, recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, bevacizumab, etc. Preliminary evidence suggests hydroxychloroquine might have anti-cytokine storm properties. Transferring concentrated and purified antibodies produced by immune systems of those who recovered from COVID-19 to those who need them is being investigated as non-vaccine method of passive immunization.

This narrative describes the deeper root of bio-viral weaponization and consciousness warfare in distant human history with the negative aliens. It is explicated that this form of nefarious strive to create genetic mutation and... more

This narrative describes the deeper root of bio-viral weaponization and consciousness warfare in distant human history with the negative aliens. It is explicated that this form of nefarious strive to create genetic mutation and consciousness-bioenergetic reversal goes as far back as humanity was first thriving as a 12D crystalline solar organic consciousness being in the Nebadon Universe, which most likely goes back as far back as 550 million years ago, and only 10 million years after its embodiment to experience physical experiential sojourns within the first 9 dimensions of this universe. In fact, the main problem started after the Lyran Wars, when the negative aliens having constructed a black hole system through making rips in the space-time and joining the resulting wormholes to one another, later began to engage in wars culminating in blowing up the 12 th universal stargate that was Lyra. Beyond, this, with the failure of the Metatronic Collective to attempt to put the pieces of the Lyran grid back together after having fallen into the Milky Way Galaxy and in pursuit of repairing the stargate system and the universal 12D grid and its timeline structure, it led to the advent of 'Metatronic Reversal' through a 'Fibonacci form of consciousness progression sequence' and the advent of the 'Yahweh matrix,' and what is referred to as the 'Caduceus Network,' whose symbol our medical industry today ignorantly boasts to display as its plaque representing healthcare and medicine. Thus, as they say, "the rabbit hole is much deeper as it seems," as the parasitic negative aliens have constantly used these technologies to invade our Lightbody and nadial system, not to only consistently siphon our precious divine energies to feed themselves and their nefarious AI machinery, but to inflict 'death seals' upon humanity, culminating in humanity undergoing a series of futile cycles of birth and physical death through repetitive reincarnations, confining us within a timeline loop that has been seemingly endless. And, the advent of this current, purportedly pandemic bio-viral infection referred to as the "Coronavirus," epitomizes yet another one of their ploys in bio-viral weaponization and warfare, with the delusional intent to, once for all, make a fully docile race out of humans as automatons subjecting us to their AI machinery or whims, through what is now to be followed by a transhumanistic-hybridization movement, using electromagnetic energies and radiation poisoning together with the aid of nanotechnology, devising yet another retrovirus against us. However, the time of their atrocities and crimes committed against humanity and its consciousness is now over, with the advent of a group of benevolent extradimensional and transdimensional and much higher frequential consciousness beings helping us to finally collect up our fragmented soul pieces in order to be restored to our original 12D DNA strand crystalline genetics, that we refer to as full Ascension.

We have established stably transformed human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK293) containing bicistronic constructs to study regulation of viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation in vivo. These cells produce Renilla... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Rakhi Sharma
- •
- 14
  Cell Cycle, Hepatitis C, Recombinant DNA Technology, Biological Sciences

ONYX-015 is an E1B-55kDa gene-deleted adenovirus engineered to selectively replicate in and lyse p53-deficient cancer cells. To evaluate the selectivity of ONYX-015 replication and cytopathic effects for the first time in humans, we... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Fadlo Khuri
- •
- 10
  Cancer, Treatment, Biopsy, Mutation

Mixed infection with the SON41 strain of Potato virus Y (PVY-SON41) in tomato increased accumulation of RNAs of strains Fny and LS of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Fny and CMV-LS, respectively) and enhanced disease symptoms. By contrast,... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Fabrizio Cillo
- •
- 14
  Genetics, Microbiology, Plant Biology, Plant Molecular Biology

The entry of dengue virus-1 (DENV-1) strain Hawaii into mosquito C6/36 cells was analyzed using a variety of biochemical inhibitors together with electron microscopy. The treatment with ammonium chloride, chlorpromazine, dansylcadaverine... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Andrew Williams
- •
- 15
  Kinetics, Biotechnology, Bacteriophages, Multidisciplinary

The coat protein (CP) gene of 75 South African Potato virus Y (PVY) isolates was amplified using reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The resulting cDNA products were cloned and sequenced. These sequences were used to... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Dirk U Bellstedt
- •
- 13
  Biological Sciences, Phylogeny, South Africa, Plant diseases

A novel real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay is described for monitoring CMV DNA load in clinical specimens using the LightCycler™. The assay is rapid ( B 40 min), easy to carry out, robust, reliable and is capable of detecting from 10... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Guiver C
- •
- 16
  Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Risk, Quantitative PCR

... Complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of a mild isolate of tomato yellow leaf curl ... The nucleotide sequence of a field isolate of a TYLCV-like virus from Israel ... pBI121 was propagated in E. coli HB101 and shuttled... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Takashi Gojobori
- •
- 14
  Microbiology, Phytopathology, Molecular Biology, Plant Biology

Sinopsis. Frecuentemente nos llegan noticias sobre la aparición de nuevas infecciones virales: un nuevo virus de la gripe H7N9 en China, una nueva cepa de coronavirus en Oriente Medio; fiebres tropicales y dengue en el sur de Europa,... more

An Opportunistic infection is an infection caused by a pathogen or groups of pathogen appropriately termed “Opportunistic“, because they are normally non-pathogenic in an immunocompetent individuals but becomes pathogenic to an... more

Late December 2019, a new virus outbreak was detected in Wuhan, Hubei province China and later spread all over the world. The virus is a new strain of the β - Coronavirus (SARS - CoV - 2) with a single strand positive sense RNA, and a... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Nihal Habib
- •
- 4
  Biology, Virology, Virus, Genome

HIV-2 causes AIDS similar to HIV-1, however a considerable proportion of HIV-2 infected patients show no disease and have low plasma virus load (VL). An analysis of HIV-2 capsid (p26) variation demonstrated that proline at p26 positions... more

Bookmark
Download
- by John N Townend
- •
- 10
  HIV, Biological Sciences, Phylogeny, Virus

Bookmark
Download
- by Feng Chen
- •
- 13
  Microbiology, Population Genetics, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Ecology

The antiviral effect against hepatitis B virus (HBV) of artemisinin, its derivative artesunate and other compounds highly purified from traditional Chinese medicine remedies, were investigated. HBV production by permanently transfected... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Rocío García Macías
- •
- 21
  Chinese Medicine, Medical Microbiology, PCR, Cell line

Background: Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related morbidity and mortality rates in patients with advanced HIV infection who are treated with combination antiretroviral drugs have declined, significant metabolic adverse... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Sotirios Tsiodras
- •
- 13
  Hyperglycemia, Virus, Regression Analysis, Hypercholesterolemia

HPV screening for cervical cancer in rural India. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1385-94.

Bookmark
Download
- by Mulindi Mwanahamuntu
- •
- 27
  Cancer, Risk, Developing Countries, Medicine

Efficient delivery and sustained expression of a therapeutic gene into human tissues are the requisite to accomplish the high expectations of gene therapy. A major challenge has concerned development of gene transfer systems capable of... more

Background: Subtyping of human papilloma virus (HPV) may enhance the precision of vaginal cytological assessments and will be important for investigating the effect of the recently introduced vaccine against types 16 and 18. Objectives... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Walter Ryd
- •
- 14
  Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Virology, Clinical Virology

Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative and neuropathic disease of domestic fowl caused by alphaherpesviruses. The current cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling method was undertaken from January 2018 to May 2020. The... more

Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative and neuropathic disease of domestic fowl caused by alphaherpesviruses. The current cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling method was undertaken from January 2018 to May 2020. The current study aimed to estimate sero-epidemiology and assess potential risk factors, it is very important to determine MD sero-positivity. Moreover, to measure the association of host and environmental risk factors, the occurrences and spread of MD were identified in local and exotic chickens in Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 768 serum samples from 3 zones were collected and assayed for Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) antibodies using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. A questionnaire survey was also conducted to gather information on the potential risk factors of MDV sero-positivity, as well as the status of occurrences and spread in the chicken flocks. In the present preliminary study, a high flock and chicken level of MDV was demonstrated, with an overall seroprevalence of 59.11%. The mixed-effect logistic regression analysis of the host potential risk factors showed that the odds of seropositive for MD was significantly higher in local chickens (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.26-2.28) than exotic chickens, higher in chickens getting non-proper feed (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13-0.54) than getting proper feed, higher in vaccinated chickens (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.76-1.43) than non-vaccinated chickens. Rearing chicken of different batches in one house was decreased the odds of occurrence of MD by 55% (95% CI: 0.38-0.80) than all-in-all-out, higher in the well-ventilated type farms decreased the odds of occurrence of MD by 60% (95% CI: 0.39-0.80) than in poor ones. Litter management when farmers used chickens as fertilizer has decreased the odds of occurrence of MD by 55% (95% CI: 0.01-0.47) and chickens were tossed into open sheds 40% (95% CI: 0.01-0.31), compared to buried chickens management. The study results indicated that the number of farms where farmers wearing no clothes and shoes (95% CI: 0.10-0.58) were significantly decreased the occurrence of MD by 24% than those where farmers were equipped with clothes and shoes. The study area was highest in West Gojjam (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.27-0.58) and South Gondar (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.13-0.28) compared to North Gondar zone. In conclusion, the present study revealed a high flock and chicken seroprevalence level of MDV among chicken flocks in northwest Ethiopia, suggesting that environmental dust/dander and farm management systems might be a source of this disease for chicken infection. Besides, the observed association of MD, sero-positivity with environmental dust/dander, and farm management systems may suggest the economic importance of the disease for chicken production. Therefore, it warrants control attention to reduce its economic and disease spread burden in the study areas. Further works on the economic impacts, virus isolation, and molecular characterization of the disease are suggested.

Bookmark
Download
- by Journal of World's Poultry Research JWPR and +1
  Dr. Mastewal B I R H A N Atanaw (Ph.D.)
- •
- Virus

The first evidence of exposure of free-ranging Florida manatees (Trichechus manatees latirostris) to a morbillivirus is reported. Blood samples were collected from 148 Florida manatees between 1977 and 1994. The sample included manatees... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Terry Campbell
- •
- 10
  Zoology, Biology, Endangered Species, Serology

Oligonucleotides containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs (CpG ODN) have been shown to be potent Th1-type adjuvants for augmenting antigen-speci®c responses in mice against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The hepatitis B virus (HBV)... more

Bookmark
Download
- by irma suparto
- •
- 14
  Biological Sciences, DNA, Hepatitis B, Virus

To assess the impact of health education on the knowledge and attitudes of paramedical students in Saudi Arabia toward HIV/AIDS. We carried out an interventional study on a sample selected from students of health institutes and health... more

The HSV gene encoding ICP4 is negatively regulated and the HSV gene encoding thymidine kinase is positively regulated by ICP4 in vivo. We report that ICP4 is a component of a stable complex that contains protein and a sequence of... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Kent Wilcox
- •
- 15
  Regulation, Transcription Factors, Gene expression, Transcription

To better understand the potential environmental health risk presented by West Nile virus (WNV)-contaminated feces, we quantified the amount of WNV present in the feces of experimentally infected American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Patricia Fox
- •
- 11
  Environmental Health, Tropical Medicine, Virus, Experimental Infection

Nb is a single dominant gene in potato that confers hypersensitive resistance to potato virus X (PVX) isolates from strain groups 1 and 2. Genetic and molecular analyses showed that Nb is located on the upper arm of chromosome V and forms... more

Bookmark
Download
- by María Marano
- •
- 18
  Genetics, Technology, Molecular Biology, Polymorphism

Bookmark
Download
- by Luís Fernando L F Tavares Ferreira
- •
- 13
  Veterinary, Cats, Genetic Diversity, Portugal

We report the immortalization, using the SV 40 large T antigen, of all the cell types contributing to a developing seminiferous tuhule in the mouse testis. Sixteen peritubular, 22 Leydig, 8 Sertoli, and 1 germ cell line have been... more

We report the immortalization, using the SV 40 large T antigen, of all the cell types contributing to a developing seminiferous tuhule in the mouse testis. Sixteen peritubular, 22 Leydig, 8 Sertoli, and 1 germ cell line have been established and cultured successfully for 90 generations in a period of 2.5 years. Immortalized peritubular cells were identified by their spindle-like appearance, their high expression of alkaline phosphatase, and their expression of the intermediary filament desmin. They also produce high amounts of collagen. Immortalized Leydig cells are easily identifiable by the accumulation of lipid droplets in their cytoplasm and the production of the enzyme 3-p-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Some Leydig cell lines also express LH receptors. The immortalized Sertoli cells are able to adopt their typical in vivo columnar appearance when cultured at high density. They exhibit a typical indented nucleus and cytoplasmic phagosomes. Some Sertoli cell lines also express FSH receptors. A germ cell line (GClspg) was established that corresponds to a stage between spermatogonia type B and primary spermatocyte, based on its characteristics in phase contrast and electron microscopy. This cell line expresses the testicular cytochrome C t and lactate dehydrogenase-C 4 isozyme. These four immortalized cell types, when plated together, are able to reaggregate and form structures resembling two-dimensional spermatogenic tubules in vitro. When only the immortalized somatic cells are cocultured, the peri tubular and Sertoli cells form cordlike structures in the presence of Leydig cells. Fresh pachytene spermatocytes cocultured with the immortalized somatic cells integrate within the cords and are able to survive for at least 7 days. The ability to perform coculture experiments with immortalized testicular cell lines represents an important advancement in our ability to study the nature of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during spermatogenesis and testis morphogenesis.

The Sabin3 mutation in the viral RNA plays an important role in directing attenuation phenotype of Sabin vaccine strain of poliovirus type 1 (PV1). We previously described that Sabin3-like mutation introduced in Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Manel M'Hadheb
- •
- 21
  Technology, Biological Sciences, Virulence, Mutation

Bookmark
Download
- by Pantelis Georgiades
- •
- 13
  Technology, RNA, Biotechnology, Biological Sciences

Bookmark
Download
- by Bert Kohlmann
- •
- 103
  Management, Engineering, Ecological Engineering, Bioinformatics

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) DNA-3 to 6 have each previously been shown to contain one large open reading frame in the virion sense, whereas no large ORF had been identified in BBTV DNA-2. RNAs transcribed from the BBTV genome were... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Peter Beetham
- •
- 12
  Structural Analysis, Biological Sciences, DNA, Sequence alignment

Bookmark
Download
- by James Fuxa
- •
- 13
  Zoology, Lepidoptera, Virus, Technique

Bookmark
Download
- by Minas Yiangou and +1
  D. Koptides
- •
- 29
  Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Virology, Cyprus

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 is spreading among southern European intravenous drug users, who are frequently co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Response to interferon (IFN) ␣-based therapies in HIV-1... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Sandra Franco
- •
- 13
  Hepatitis C, HIV, Biological Sciences, Phylogeny

The rabies cases in dogs and wild canids in Northeastern Brazil are a public and animal health problem. This paper describes the identities of the coding region of the N-gene of Rabies virus (RABV) isolated in canids from Northeastern... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Ivanete Kotait and +1
  Pedro Carnieli
- •
- 14
  Genetics, Brazil, Molecular Epidemiology, Biological Sciences

Recently, we reported an almost intact human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K(HML-2.HOM); HGMWapproved symbol ERVK6) located on human chromosome 7, with open reading frames for all retroviral genes and a mutation only within the reverse... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Jens Mayer
- •
- 11
  Information Systems, Genetics, Genomics, Endogenous Retroviruses

While translation of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells in general follows strict rules, viruses infecting these cells break those rules in various ways. Viruses are under high selection pressure to compete with the host, to economize genome size,... more

Bookmark
Download
- by M. Pooggin
- •
- 7
  Genome Size, Biological Sciences, Virus, Plant viruses

Noroviruses are the most common viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans and are often associated with the consumption of either fresh or undercooked live bivalve molluscs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Veterinaria Italiana
- •
- 8
  Public Health, Italy, Norovirus, Virus

In our continuing efforts to find new antiherpetic agents from plants, an extract prepared from the stems of Carissa spinarum L. was found to possess appreciable activity against herpes simplex viruses (HSV I and II). A chemical study of... more

Bookmark
Download
- by R. Wangteeraprasert
- •
- 15
  Pharmacognosy, Cytotoxicity, Biological Sciences, Phytotherapy

Background. Although the apolipoprotein (APOE)-4 allele has been shown to determine the outcome of several infections, its relationship with cytomegalovirus (CMV) has not been explored. We examine whether APOE determines CMV and herpes... more

Bacteriophage lambda has an archetypal immunity system, which prevents superinfection of its E. coli lysogens. It is now known that superinfection at high frequency can occur with toxigenic lambda-like phages, and here we demonstrate that... more

Bookmark
Download
- by Heather Allison
- •
- 17
  Microbiology, Environmental microbiology, Molecular Biology, Biology

Virus

Log In