Violence against women (Women s Health)

Purpose-Informed by the social disorganization theory (SDT), the study intends to identify the ecological factors most likely to predict assaults against the police recorded over five years in a southern American state, which has a relatively large rural population. Design/methodology/approach-The study uses aggregated county-level data on non-lethal assault against the police recorded in Kentucky between 2012 and 2016. We anticipated that structural conditions would affect directly and indirectly assaults against the police. Because predictors of social disorganization generally correlate with crimes police respond to, we hypothesized that the effects of SDT predictors on police victimization will be mediated by violent crime rates and domestic violence rates. Findings-The study found partial empirical support for the social disorganization theory. Assaults against the police were more common in counties that had a higher proportion of female-headed households, higher rates of domestic violence citations, and higher violent crime rates. Conversely, police victimization was less common in densely populated areas and in counties with higher poverty rates. While family disruption had significant direct and indirect positive effects on police victimization, the significant positive effect of ethnic heterogeneity (percent Black population) was only indirect. Residential instability did not predict significant variations in police victimization. Originality/value-To our knowledge, no prior research attempted to determine if SDT is a valid theoretical framework when non-lethal assaults on police are examined beyond metropolitan areas. This analysis extends to counties research assessing the effects of structural conditions on nonfatal assaults against the police. Additionally, by including domestic violence among the correlates of police victimization, the current macro-level study addresses an apparent gap in the literature.

Intellectual and spiritual empowerment in Islam encourages women to seek knowledge and education, a principle that has been embedded in the faith since its inception as it provides women with a sense of inner strength and resilience. Through qualitative methods, including case studies, expert interviews, and textual analysis of Islamic teachings, the research demonstrates how women, equipped with intellectual insight and spiritual awareness, can challenge entrenched patriarchal norms and foster societal change. By aligning Islamic values with modern strategies, the study underscores the potential of informed and empowered women to advocate for justice, educate communities, and promote peace. Key recommendations include integrating gender-sensitive Islamic education into curricula, fostering women's leadership in both religious and societal spheres, and establishing community networks for support and advocacy. The findings call for collaborative efforts between policymakers, educators, and religious leaders to prioritize women's intellectual and spiritual development as a cornerstone for addressing violence against women. This approach offers a sustainable and faith-aligned pathway toward a more equitable and harmonious society in Pakistan.

Historicamente a Amazônia Legal concentra o maior número de conflitos por terra. Em 2022, segundo a Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT), 59% dos conflitos se deram no território. No relatório da CPT é constatado o aumento de violências contra mulheres nos conflitos, sendo ameaça de morte (21,62%), intimidação (18,92%), e tentativa de assassinato (10,81%). No presente artigo, indagamos: como as narrativas jornalísticas apresentam a inserção de mulheres em conflitos por terra na Amazônia paraense? Tomamos como análise o assassinato de Jane Almeida, presidente da Associação de Trabalhadores Rurais Nova Vitória, com outras nove lideranças, na chacina de Pau D’Arco, ocorrida em 2017, durante ação policial. Nossa intenção é compreender os sentidos mobilizados pelo jornalismo dos portais G1, Folha de São Paulo, Diário Online (DOL) e a ação das mulheres nos conflitos.

In earlier papers we discussed a hypothesis for the evolutionary significance of psychological pain. In the present paper we discuss briefly the hypothesis and its application to the psychological pain experienced by rape victims. We have hypothesized that psychological pain reflects a psychological adaptation that is designed to focus on individual's full attention on fitness-reducing social circumstances, allowing correction of the pain causing events and their future avoidance. Psychological pain following rape is proposed to accomplish a focus of victims' attention on the fitness reducing circumstances of rape. Using a data-set comprised of 790 rape victims in the U.S. whose postrape psychological trauma was assessed, we evaluate the effects of rape by strangers, friends and family members. The victims in the sample are most likely to be raped by strangers; this is especially the case for women as opposed to prereproductive-aged girls. Prereproductive-aged girls were more likely to be raped by family members than were women. Rape by strangers is the most psychologically traumatizing of the three rape-offender categories and family-member rape the least. The importance of victim's age and marital status as predictive factors in the degree of psychological trauma following rape-with reproductive-aged and married victims showing significantly more trauma than pre-or post-reproductive-aged and unmarried victims (see N. W. Thornhill and R. Thornhill 1990)-is not confounded by the type of rape perpetrator.

This series focuses on cutting-edge developments in journalism in and from the Global South and illuminates how journalism cultures and practices have evolved from the era of colonization to contemporary globalization. Bringing previously underrepresented research from the Global South to the English speaking world, this series will focus on a broad range of topics within journalism including pedagogy, ethics, history of journalism, press freedom, theory, propaganda, gender, cross-border collaboration and methodological issues. Despite the geographical connotations of the term 'Global South' the series will not be defined by geographical boundaries, as Western countries are home to millions of immigrants and the contributions of immigrant journalists will be covered.

Bu yayının tüm hakları Polis Akademisi'ne aittir. Kurumun izni olmaksızın yayının tümünün veya bir kısmının elektronik veya mekanik yollarla basımı, yayını, çoğaltılması veya dağıtımı yapılamaz. Bu yayının içeriği Polis Akademisi Başkanlığı'nın resmi fikirlerini yansıtmamaktadır. Analizde yer alan bilgi ve fikirler Aile İçi ve Kadına Karşı Şiddetle Mücadele konferansına katılan katılımcılara aittir.

The Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, 1979), or the Women's Convention, is a landmark Convention promoting and protecting women's rights worldwide. The Nigerian Government is a State Party to this important Convention (Ratified in 1985), which prescribes the measures to ensure that women can enjoy the rights they are entitled to under the Convention. though nearly 40 years after and Nigeria has not domesticated this treaty; be that as it may, there has been considerable improvement in women’s rights in Nigeria. Nonetheless, and without prejudice to the above, in Nigeria, amongst other issues facing women daily, some problems are prevalent that still need much greater advocacy and attention; some of these prevailing issues are:
● Female Genital Mutilation
● Violence against women and
● Political Representation/ Affirmative Action.
Hence, this paper is addressing the effects of CEDAW if it had been domesticated, as there are many issues facing women in Nigeria due to the conservative nature of the country where culture and religion always affect laws and policies in the country, most especially that of women, even though CEDAW calls for changing of harmful cultural practices; what is more complex, is despite the intense advocacies on these, little or nothing is being done for its (CEDAW) domestication. Nonetheless, the awareness of the existence of CEDAW by some, albeit few is championing a CEDAW a paradigm shift where women's Rights advocates in Nigeria.

rom 1994 to 2010, the overall rate of intimate partner violence in the United States declined by 64%, from 9.8 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older to 3.6 per 1,000 (figure 1; table 1). The number of intimate partner victimizations also declined, from approximately 2.1 million victimizations in 1994 to around 907,000 in 2010-a decline of about 1.2 million victimizations over the 18-year data collection period. From 1994 to 2000, similar declines were observed for overall violent crime (down 47%) and intimate partner violence (down 48%). However, during the more recent 10-year period from 2001 to 2010, the decline in the overall intimate partner violence rate slowed and stabilized while the overall violent crime rate continued to decline. The data in this report were developed from the Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which annually collects information on nonfatal victimizations reported and not reported to the police against persons age 12 or older from a nationally representative sample of U.S. households. This special report examines trends in nonfatal intimate partner violence which includes rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault committed by an offender who was the victim's current or former spouse, boyfriend, or girlfriend.

Over the years, the United Nations made several attempts to prioritise gender equality through the establishment of international treaties, conventions, and creation of entities dedicated to address the needs of women. The UN Women is one of such laudable initiatives. It is in this connection that this paper examined the challenges of promoting gender equality in Nigeria, focusing on the agenda set by UN Women. Specifically, the paper looks at Nigeria’s progress so far in attaining the four target areas of the UN Women in Nigeria. The target areas include: Peace, Security and Humanitarian Action, Economic Empowerment and Resilience, Leadership and Political Participation, and Ending Violence against Women. The paper leveraged the critical and liberal feminist theories to analyse gender equality issues and the challenges posed to the UN women efforts in promoting gender equality in Nigeria. The paper argues that Nigeria has made some progress in the target areas of the UN Women throu...

The physical and mental violence gets projected in society in a variety of ways and through a variety of methods. The chief concern is the readers' and/or receivers' response to these projections. It is generally observed that people have become blunt towards violence since there is over-exposure and distortion. It is also observed that the media normalizes violence. Therefore, it becomes imperative that cognizance should be taken about its impact on various aspects of human society, such as family relations, perception of values, changing mindset, changes in the attitude towards violence etc. This study attempts to examine the links between desensitization to media stimuli and habitual media violence exposure as a predictor, and aggressive cognitions and behavior as outcome variables. This research uses primary and secondary data to arrive at conclusions. A questionnaire comprising questions related to changes in perception towards real-life violence has been prepared for this study.

Despite plentiful efforts to identify perpetrator, victim, and incident characteristics correlated with reporting violence against women to police, few studies have addressed the contexts that shape such reporting. Even fewer have examined variations in these contexts across geographic areas. Drawing upon National Crime Victimization Survey data from 1992 through 2009, this paper uses conjunctive analysis of case configurations to identify and investigate the dominant situational contexts of reporting of violence against women to police across rural, suburban, and urban areas. Our findings show that context matters and the importance of incident, perpetrator, and victim characteristics vary across geographic areas.

Sumario: I. Introducción.-II. El acceso a la justicia en el Derecho Internacional Privado argentino.-III. Foros de jurisdicción en el Derecho Internacional Privado argentino.-IV. La cooperación jurídica internacional como cimiento del acceso a la justicia.-V. El foro de necesidad.-VI. Límites del foro de necesidad.-VII. Conclusiones.-VIII. Referencias. Resumen: los casos jusprivatistas han aumentado notoriamente por el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. El impacto se refleja en el comercio internacional y en áreas vinculadas al derecho de las familias y al derecho laboral. El contexto actual de pospandemia demuestra un progresivo redimensionamiento internacional de la vida humana en lo social, cultural, económico y jurídico. Por consiguiente, las cuestiones vinculadas al acceso a la justicia promueven que la cooperación jurídica internacional sea hipótesis de planteo frecuente ante la consulta profesional y los tribunales. Simultáneamente, la perspectiva de género y derechos humanos interpela las desigualdades que se producen interseccionalmente por razones de género, sexualidad, clase, racialización, nacionalidad, localización geográfica, y buscan generar procesos de cambio hacia una igualdad en el ejercicio de los derechos. Abordaremos aquí el estudio del foro de necesidad previsto en el artículo 2602 del Código Civil y Comercial de la República Argentina.

This action received funding from the European Commission Daphne III Programme. The sole responsibility lies with the authors and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. First and foremost, the AVOW project team would like to show our thanks to all the women who participated in the AVOW survey or the pilots that were undertaken, either by completing a questionnaire or by being interviewed. Thanks to you, we have now gathered important information about violence and abuse in the home setting from five countries (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Lithuania and Portugal). This information will be used on both policy and practical levels in the development of preventive measures as well as in the planning and implementation of support services for those older women who experience violence.

Sumario: I. Introducción.-II. El acceso a la justicia en el Derecho Internacional Privado argentino.-III. Foros de jurisdicción en el Derecho Internacional Privado argentino.-IV. La cooperación jurídica internacional como cimiento del acceso a la justicia.-V. El foro de necesidad.-VI. Límites del foro de necesidad.-VII. Conclusiones.-VIII. Referencias. Resumen: los casos jusprivatistas han aumentado notoriamente por el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. El impacto se refleja en el comercio internacional y en áreas vinculadas al derecho de las familias y al derecho laboral. El contexto actual de pospandemia demuestra un progresivo redimensionamiento internacional de la vida humana en lo social, cultural, económico y jurídico. Por consiguiente, las cuestiones vinculadas al acceso a la justicia promueven que la cooperación jurídica internacional sea hipótesis de planteo frecuente ante la consulta profesional y los tribunales. Simultáneamente, la perspectiva de género y derechos humanos interpela las desigualdades que se producen interseccionalmente por razones de género, sexualidad, clase, racialización, nacionalidad, localización geográfica, y buscan generar procesos de cambio hacia una igualdad en el ejercicio de los derechos. Abordaremos aquí el estudio del foro de necesidad previsto en el artículo 2602 del Código Civil y Comercial de la República Argentina.

Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de la violencia en atención primaria y analizar sus causas. Estudiar las consecuencias y su relación con el burnout y la desmotivación profesional. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria. Participantes. Participaron en el estudio 68 médicos de atención primaria de 4 distritos de la provincia de Jaén (n = 350; 19%). Mediciones principales. Cuestionario diseñado ad hoc, autoadministrado y enviado por correo, que incluía datos de filiación, laborales y opinión sobre causas de burnout y violencia, consecuencias de ésta y actitudes del Servicio Andaluz de Salud y organizaciones profesionales (fiabilidad global, alfa de Cronbach: 0,7898). Resultados. El 58% de los encuestados había presentado alguna agresión (un 85% abuso verbal, un 67,5% amenazas y un 12,5% agresión física). Ser agredido se asoció a atribuir a los pacientes la responsabilidad (odds ratio [OR] = 7,6; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 2,5-23), hacer guardias (OR = 6,3; IC del 95%, 1,2-33), rigidez (OR = 3,5; IC del 95%, 1,2-10,7), manejo inadecuado de situaciones emotivas (OR = 3,2; IC del 95%, 1,1-9,2) e incompetencia (OR = 5,2; IC del 95%, 1,6-17). La violencia fue la causa menos valorada de burnout y se asoció a menor gratificación del trabajo (OR = 2,9; IC del 95%, 1,0-7,8). También se asoció a irritación contra el Servicio Andaluz de Salud (OR = 2,8; IC del 95%, 1,0-7,5) y a temor a la desmotivación (OR = 2,8; IC del 95%, 1,0-7,5), la cual a su vez se asoció a la pérdida de prestigio social (p < 0,01), a sentimiento de baja autoestima (p < 0,01) y a depresión (p < 0,01). Conclusiones. La frecuencia es mayor que los datos de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. La violencia se asocia a desconfianza, falta de comunicación asistencial e incompetencia. Es la causa menos valorada de burnout y se asocia a menor gratificación laboral y mayor temor a la desmotivación. Palabras clave: Agresión. Relaciones médicopaciente. Violencia. Burnout profesional. Relaciones interpersonales. Motivación. ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS' VIOLENCE IN PRIMARY CARE Objective. Main aim: to determine the frequency of violence in primary care. Secondary aims: to analyse its causes, consequences and connection with professional burnout and reduced motivation. Design. Transversal, descriptive study. Setting. Primary care. Participants. 68 primary care doctors from 4 districts in the province of Jaén (350, 19%). Main measurements. Self-administered questionnaire with an ad hoc design, sent out by mail and including personal and job details and doctors' views on the causes and consequences of burnout and violence, and the attitudes of the Andalusian Health Service (SAS) and professional bodies (overall reliability, Cronbach's alpha =.7898). Results. 58% had suffered aggression (85% verbal abuse, 67.5% threats, 12.5% physical aggression). Being attacked was linked with attributing the responsibility to the patients (odds ratio [OR]=7.

What is gender based violence? Ratification of conventions on violence by Sri Lanka Initiatives on GBV in Sri Lanka Chapter 2: GBV through the life cycle 2.1 GBV during childhood and adolescence 2.2 GBV among ever married women/ intimate partner violence 2.3 GBV during pregnancy 2.4 GBV in the elderly Chapter 3: GBV in different environmental settings 3.1 GBV in the industrial sector 3.2 GBV in the plantation Sector 3.3 GBV among women migrant workers 3.4 GBV in the Free Trade Zones and garment factory workers 3.5 GBV among medical students 3.6 GBV in public transport 3.7 GBV among internally displaced persons (IDP) affected by the war and/ or tsunami Chapter 4: Clinical manifestations and care seeking behaviour of GBV survivors 4.1 Data from medico-legal settings 4.2 Data from hospital admissions 4.3 Care seeking behavior of GBV survivors Chapter 5: Experiences of non-governmental organizations dealing with GBV Chapter 6: Response of the police, and the judiciary and the availability of legal support for victims Chapter 7: Research recommendations and strategies to be adopted to address GBV 7.1 Formulate/ Improve laws and policies 7.2 Strengthen the response of health care and public health institutions 7.3 Increase community mobilization 7.4 Further research

Male peer support is one of the most powerful determinants of woman abuse across the globe. Still, key gaps remain in rural male peer support literature, such as overlooking the importance of hunting as a public male-bonding ritual that serves to reinforce abusive behaviors against women in private settings. The main objective of this article is to present findings from an exploratory, qualitative, back-talk study of twelve women's experiences of separation/divorce sexual assault in rural Ohio. The results reveal a relationship between rural hunting subculture dynamics and core elements of male peer support (i.e. frequent drinking with male friends, informational support, attachment to abusive peers, and patriarchal masculine identity). Male peer support in hunting subcultures coupled with the availability and access to 'legitimate' weapons creates a fertile breeding ground for woman abuse in some rural communities.

This epidemiological review paper provides an analytical review of the current situation of sanitation in India, and its impact on health and other societal factors. Accelerating progress on sanitation in India remains one of the global development agenda's most urgent yet most difficult challenges. The problem of sanitation is receiving considerable attention worldwide. Sanitation is an important development indicator; United Nation has given it a strong priority in Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Poor sanitation, hygiene, quality and quantity of water are one of the main reasons behind more than 80% of reported cases of infectious diseases in India. Numerous national and international efforts have been made over the past few decades to enhance sanitation in India. Nonetheless, the net result is reported to be not proportionate to the efforts and money spent. Upon analysis of national level political, economic and social dynamics this study reveals that low political priority, lack of properly designed, penetrated awareness programs, poor delivery mechanism, beneficiary participation, lack of research and innovation are prime barriers towards achieving total sanitation.

Kazakh traditional wisdom says “Kaytyp kelgen kyz zhaman” – a girl who returns to her parental home after marriage is a disgrace to the family. According to a women’s rights organization, up to 5,000 bride kidnapping acts occur annually in contemporary Kazakhstan. The authors would like to approach this socio-cultural phenomenon through considering the current situation of women and their rights in Kazakhstan. The article examines how outdated traditions and customs violate women’s’ personal boundaries and rights in Kazakhstan. Its main purpose is to attract the attention of the reader and potential researcher and to familiarize them with the topic (a specific form of violence against women), research methods, and research challenges. Until September 2019, there was no special legislation in Kazakhstan aimed at combating domestic violence. However, with the adoption of the Law “On the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of Victims of Domestic Violence” in September 2019, Kazakhstan introduced institutional measures to prevent and punish domestic violence. Nevertheless, people continue to follow their traditional customs, rather than live in accordance with new legislation.

The Malaysian police force has a history of poorly responding to domestic violence crime, but this poor response has never been academically discussed or studied. Interviews were conducted with Malaysian domestic violence victims, local women’s rights NGO leaders, Malaysian social workers, lawyers, and police officers to betterunderstand this problem, and this study seeks to identify specific problems and potentialsolutions. The problems identified by this study were rooted in poor understanding of domestic violence crime among the police force, and a systemic unwillingness to respond to the problem. The suggested recommendations come from social workers and domestic violence victims, and all highlight the role of the police force in domestic violence response and prevention in Malaysia.

This thesis provides a critical account of the discursive construction of sexual violence in humorous Internet memes about #MeToo. Applying an interdisciplinary lens, the thesis combines feminist scholarship on discourse, affect, humour, rape culture and online misogyny in order to provide a contribution to the field of feminist digital media studies. I employ a case study approach to my data set of 866 Internet memes collected from three social media platforms, 9gag, Reddit and Imgur, between October and December 2017 using the four search terms:

Buscando articulaciones posibles: puntos de encuentro y encrucijadas POR MANUELA G. GONzáLEz (*) e HILDA G. GALLETTI (**) sumario: i. introducción.-ii. Los Juzgados Protectorios vistos por las entrevistadas.-iii. Discursos, hegemonías y antagonismos.-iV. El discurso médico, jurídico y psicológico como constructores de subjetividades.-V. La violencia contra la mujer desde la representación de los/as profesionales.-Vi. antes de la ley...-Vii. Las víctimas vistas desde los discursos médico y psicológico.-Viii. La adecuación de la ley 12.569 a la Ley Nacional de Violencia contra la mujer 26.598.-iX. Conclusiones.-X. Bibliografía Resumen: Este artículo forma parte de la investigación en curso de ejecución, Las violencias contra las mujeres, los discursos en juego y el acceso a la justicia, de la que ambas autoras formamos parte. Surge como respuesta a las inquietudes producidas en el proceso de análisis de los resultados del trabajo de campo, puesto en relación con la teoría incorporada. Nuestro trabajo se nutre de los testimonios de las mujeres, con las que venimos trabajando, más allá de este proyecto desde hace veinticuatro años, las entrevistas a funcionarios (1) de la administración de justicia y del Poder Ejecutivo provincial, realizadas en el marco de este proyecto de investigación. Los interrogantes que motivan este trabajo son: ¿frente al aumento de denuncias sobre violencia contra la mujer, la respuesta debe ser sólo crear instancias judiciales cada vez más específicas? ¿Qué medidas producen las instituciones que intervienen en esta problemática para articular sus acciones? Afirmamos que, para materializar la articulación entre los fueros judiciales, el resto de los organismos estatales y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil los actores deben realizar prácticas, de tal naturaleza, que posibiliten establecer relaciones entre elementos de manera que, parte de sus identidades sean modificadas como resultado de dicha articulación y posibilite el nacimiento de nuevas prácticas. Palabras clave: acceso a la justicia-violencia contra la mujer-articulaciones.

Las Voces de las mujeres ¿Cómo son traducidas por los operadores/as jurídicos/as? 1.-Introducción Este trabajo se inscribe dentro de la investigación Acceso a la justicia de las Mujeres: Violencias y Salud Mental 1 utilizamos para su realización la perspectiva de género, a la que consideramos con un gran potencial crítico ya que permite la revisión de viejos paradigmas jurídicos respecto a las violencias contra las mujeres y pone en evidencia la necesidad de superar los rasgos androcéntricos que persisten en las prácticas de operadores/ras jurídicos/as que obstaculizan el acceso a la justicia. Consideramos esta perspectiva esencial para comprender las temáticas que trabajamos, atentas además a su complejidad en las sociedades actuales, caracterizadas por las desigualdades sociales y las violencias de distinta índole. Nuestro propósito es indagar y caracterizar las dificultades del acceso a la justicia que tienen las mujeres cuando deciden pedir ayuda al Estado para solucionar sus problemas, poniendo el foco en la denuncia, en cómo es traducida por los diferentes funcionarios/as tanto jurídicos. Nos preguntamos ¿es posible en la denuncia analizar los hechos relatados por las mujeres promoviendo la revelación de la trama simbólica enunciada, ofreciendo espacios de contención y apertura que permitan el afloramiento de la subjetividad de quien necesita ser considerada y escuchada respetuosamente? Es decir, generar un espacio que permita sostener la trama para alojarla y reflejar su verdad. Nos interrogamos también si es esto lo que se busca en los equipos o profesionales que intervienen en este momento. Reflexionamos sobre las intersecciones que se producen, para ello partimos de definirlas y señalamos qué cuestiones aparecen como encrucijadas difíciles de sortear.

To identify areas of deficiencies and gaps in child protection services in Northern Sri Lanka. Also, to help in recommending strategies, programmes of interventions for addressing issues of child abuse and advice the legal system. A retrospective study was done to determine the socio-demographic details, type of abuse, clinical profile, relationship of the perpetrator and nature of abuse among children admitted to a tertiary care centre from 2009 through 2014, a period after cessation of a 60-y conflict. Data were obtained from hospital based records and records maintained at the district probation office. Seven hundred twenty cases were referred to the tertiary care centre with abuse. Majority of the children were from the Jaffna district, the northern city of the war affected area and mean age of the children affected was 14.5 ± 2.6 y. Females were affected more than the males and 352 children were seen following sexual abuse. The clinical examination showed penetrative injury in ...

Evaluación de la violencia de usuarios en Atención Primaria: adaptación de un instrumento Resumen Antecedentes/Objetivo: Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en el ámbito sanitario se producen uno de cada cuatro incidentes laborales violentos. Los objetivos del estudio son examinar la prevalencia de violencia laboral en profesionales de Atención Primaria (AP) mediante la adaptación de la Healthcare-workers´Aggresive Behaviour Scale-Users (HABS-U), conocer la frecuencia de exposición a los indicadores hostiles y determinar el grupo profesional más expuesto. Método: Estudio realizado mediante metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa en profesionales de AP de la Región de Murcia (España). En la fase cualitativa se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y en la fase cuantitativa se aplicó el instrumento a 574 profesionales de 39 centros de AP. Resultados: La escala resultante muestra excelentes propiedades psicométricas y sus medidas correlacionan de manera significativa con satisfacción laboral, los componentes del burnout, los factores de empatía y con el bienestar psicológico. La prevalencia de violencia de usuarios fue del 90,2% y el personal no sanitario resultó ser el grupo profesional más expuesto. Conclusión: La distribución de la violencia de usuarios no es homogénea entre los diferentes grupos profesionales de AP. La adaptación de la escala puede ser útil para la detección de la violencia de usuarios, así como para evaluar la eficacia de programas de intervención.

Research Goals and Objectives Researchers and practitioners recognize the need to develop better prediction of abuse and reassault among men referred to batterer programs. Such prediction would help determine sanctions for batterers and assist women in making safety decisions. Three main approaches to prediction are the use of risk markers, risk assessment instruments, and batterer types. These approaches have produced relatively weak predictions for primarily dichotomized "reassault" versus "no reassault" outcomes. The primary objective of this research was to improve prediction using multinomial logistic regressions with multiple outcomes and conditional factors for risk markers, simulated risk instruments, and batterer personality types. A secondary objective was to explore for alternative batterer types and abuse outcome categories that might further improve prediction. Research Design and Methodology We used data from an evaluation of four batterer programs. The data set is unique because its variables include large sample size (n = 840), four sites, 15-month followup (with interviews every 3 months with batterers and their partners), and high response rate (70 percent of the women). Multiple outcomes, measured over a 15-month followup, included no abuse, verbal abuse or controlling behavior, threats, one reassault, and repeated reassaults. Conditional factors included living together, relationship troubles, antisocial behaviors, and the woman filing a protection order. We compared the results with equations that used dichotomized outcomes to determine whether prediction improved. Research Results and Conclusions Using multiple outcomes improved prediction with risk markers. "Repeat reassault" should be distinguished from "one-time reassault." Conditional variables did not improve prediction, although some emerged as important risk markers. We simulated three risk assessment instruments. Only one (the Danger Assessment Scale) predicted multiple abuse outcomes as well as the risk marker analyses. Including batterer personality types did not improve prediction. Separate models by race revealed that the best prediction was achieved for whites. With regard to secondary objectives, repeat reassaulters were not significantly more likely to show evidence of psychopathy. Batterer programs did "teach" some men to perceive that sanctions were likely for reassault, but these perceptions did not improve prediction of reassault. Separate risk marker analysis for categories of nonphysical abuse marginally improved prediction. Qualitative analysis of violence narratives suggested that other categorizations for abuse outcome might be considered, such as a small subset of men (5 to 10 percent) who engaged in escalating and coercive battering. Because women's perceptions of risk were important predictors of reassault, we attempted to identify determinants of women's perceptions. The strongest variables were physical and nonphysical abuse, drinking behavior, and access to the partners.

R e s p u e s t a s j u d i c i a l e s y o t r a s p o l í t i c a s p ú b l i c a s s o b r e v i o l e n c i a c o n t r a l a s m u j e r e s. ¿ I n e f i c a c i a o v i o l e n c i a i n s t i t u c i o n a l ? (1) 2 3 4 POR CLAUDIA HASANBEGOVIC (*) Sumario: I. Introducción.-II. Estrategias legales empleadas para fre nar la violencia de género contra la mujer.-III. Respuestas la violen cia contra las mujeres en Argentina después de 2004.-IV. ¿Mejoró la respuesta judicial a la violencia de género contra la mujer en las rela ciones de pareja? Reflexiones finales.-V. Bibliografía. Resumen: el acceso a la justicia de las mujeres afectadas por la violencia de género (2) es un derecho humano (conf. las Convenciones CEDAW (3), Belém do Pará (4) y otros). Evidencia empírica mostró que la respuesta judicial en esta mate (1) El presente artículo está basado en en el capítulo 6 "Sobreviviendo el Patriarcado Público: las Mujeres y sus experiencias con el Estado" de la tesis doctoral (Hasanbegovic, 2004). Se actualizó con producciones recientes, tanto de la autora, como de otras académicas/os. Agradezco a las/os alumnas/os del Programa de Actualización en Género y Derecho, Facultad de Derecho, UBA-que dirigen las Dras. D. Maffía y S. Fodor-, con quienes debatimos el tema de este artículo y lo enrique cieron con sus reflexiones y experiencias. Una síntesis de todos los hallazgos de la tesis puede leerse en Hasanbegovic (2007). (*) Ph. D. in Social Policy, University of Kent at Canterbury, Inglaterra. MA in Women and Development, Institute of Social Studies, Holanda. Diploma in Gender, International Women University, Alemania. Abogada, UNLZ. Prof. universitaria de grado, postgrado y doctorado en Argentina (UN-SAM, UBA, UNLZ) e invitada en el extranjero. Consultora internacional en políticas públicas sobre violencia de género. ONU Mujeres, UNFPA, etc. (2) En este trabajo me referiré a esta forma de violencia de género contra las mujeres, indistinta mente como "violencia de género" "violencia de género contra las mujeres" "violencia doméstica" "violencia íntima masculina" o "violencia en la pareja'. Si bien la violencia contra las "mujeres" pue de incluir a mujeres trans, lesbianas y bisexuales, mi trabajo doctoral y en este artículo me circuns cribo a la violencia de género contra mujeres ejercida por sus (ex) compañeros íntimos masculinos. (3) CEDAW es la abreviatura en inglés para Convención Internacional para la Eliminación de Toda Discriminación hacia la Mujer, sancionada en 1979, y que desde el año 1994 integra la Consti tución Nacional de Argentina, conf. artículo 75 inc. 22. (4) "Belém do Pará" es la forma en que suele identificarse y yo lo haré a lo largo de este artículo,

Objective: Determine the frequency of assaults on health workers and characterize aspects that deepen understanding and development of prevention strategies. Methods: A voluntary and confidential electronic survey was conducted through the IntraMed website, a social network of health professionals. Frequency of verbal and physical assaults was analyzed along with their association with demographic variables, occupation, career, specialty, potential consequences, perception of insecurity in the workplace, and proposals to reduce them. Results: A total of 19 967 surveys were analyzed, of which 13 323 (66.7%) described assaults. Assaults were physical in 11.3% of cases, and 73.4% occurred in public institutions, mainly in emergency areas. Delay in care and lack of resources were the most frequent triggers. Alcohol or drug intoxication was reported in 13.8% of aggressors, altered mental status from another cause or psychiatric illness in 13.9%, and no detected impairment of mental faculties in 63%. Of professionals attacked, 16.9% reported sequelae, 7.9% of which were physical, and 28% were temporarily unable to work. Insecurity in the workplace was described by 46.6% of respondents, who suggested various measures to reduce it, chief among them, community education Conclusions: Verbal and physical violence toward health workers was frequent, resulting in work-related, mental, and even physical sequelae. This study contributes information that could be used to develop strategies aimed at prevention and control of assaults.

In developing countries where health systems and health policy are constantly evolving, there is a great need to publish informative research. However, there are few avenues to do so. Also, some of the other challenges are inexperienced or untrained researchers, topics out of the scope of current mainstream journals and limited funding. Aims and Objectives: Southern Med Review provides a platform for researchers to disseminate commentary and empirical research findings, with a view to improve the rational use of and access to essential medicines.

When persons first began to study crime victims, it was with the realization that victims may play a role in their own victimization. Those at the forefront of the process that generated the field of victimology were primarily concerned with the role of victim precipitation and with creating victim typologies; they were much less concerned with measuring or estimating the extent of criminal victimization (Schafer, 1968; von Hentig, 1948). That is, early work in the field of victimology was centered on identifying the extent to which victims contributed to their own victimization and with classifying victims into groups on the basis of their level of contribution or responsibility. When researchers began identifying and counting the number of different types of crime victims and collecting information about the characteristics of these incidents, they quickly found themselves challenged by the complexity of what, on the surface, appears to be a deceivingly simple measure ment tasks. It is important that victimization is measured effectively, so that the true extent of this phenomenon is known. Moreover, who is most likely to be victimized needs to be appropriately identified so that prevention resources can be directed at those most at risk. Measuring criminal victimization, as it turns out, is surprisingly difficult. Estimates derived are highly contingent upon how victimization is measured and upon a host of methodological choices. In this chapter we describe how some of the issues surrounding measurement influence the estimates and the characteristics of victimization that are produced. In addition, we present new developments in measurement, as well as potential new strategies for reducing measurement error and for analyzing survey data.

Many people helped with this pilot study. We thank all of the many stakeholders and women survivors who were prepared to talk to us. We could not have done the research without the support and guidance of the members of the Morobe Family and Sexual Violence Action Committee, and of the non-government organisation Femili PNG. Both Femili PNG and the district court generously assisted us with data. This research and publication has been funded by the Australian Government through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade's Pacific Research Program. The views expressed in this publication are the authors' alone.

Desde una perspectiva socio histórica, se analizan las eficacias e ineficacias alcanzadas por la CEDAW dentro del contexto argentino. El texto expone la construcción del conjunto normativo que hace operativa a la convención y los paradigmáticos casos de Marita Verón y Olga del Rosario Díaz. El análisis entrelaza las repercusiones positivas y negativas que sobre prácticas jurídicas y políticas provocan las movilizaciones sociales, la producción normativa y la labor de organismos internacionales de derechos humanos como factores condicionantes internos y externos de la eficacia. Para ello se aplicó un diseño metodológico cualitativo, sobre datos documentales y secundarios que permitió concluir la existencia de una eficacia normativa formal de los derechos de las mujeres en Argentina que no se materializa plenamente en las eficacias instrumentales y simbólicas.

Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de la violencia en atención primaria y analizar sus causas. Estudiar las consecuencias y su relación con el burnout y la desmotivación profesional. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria. Participantes. Participaron en el estudio 68 médicos de atención primaria de 4 distritos de la provincia de Jaén (n = 350; 19%). Mediciones principales. Cuestionario diseñado ad hoc, autoadministrado y enviado por correo, que incluía datos de filiación, laborales y opinión sobre causas de burnout y violencia, consecuencias de ésta y actitudes del Servicio Andaluz de Salud y organizaciones profesionales (fiabilidad global, alfa de Cronbach: 0,7898). Resultados. El 58% de los encuestados había presentado alguna agresión (un 85% abuso verbal, un 67,5% amenazas y un 12,5% agresión física). Ser agredido se asoció a atribuir a los pacientes la responsabilidad (odds ratio [OR] = 7,6; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 2,5-23), hacer guardias (OR = 6,3; IC del 95%, 1,2-33), rigidez (OR = 3,5; IC del 95%, 1,2-10,7), manejo inadecuado de situaciones emotivas (OR = 3,2; IC del 95%, 1,1-9,2) e incompetencia (OR = 5,2; IC del 95%, 1,6-17). La violencia fue la causa menos valorada de burnout y se asoció a menor gratificación del trabajo (OR = 2,9; IC del 95%, 1,0-7,8). También se asoció a irritación contra el Servicio Andaluz de Salud (OR = 2,8; IC del 95%, 1,0-7,5) y a temor a la desmotivación (OR = 2,8; IC del 95%, 1,0-7,5), la cual a su vez se asoció a la pérdida de prestigio social (p < 0,01), a sentimiento de baja autoestima (p < 0,01) y a depresión (p < 0,01). Conclusiones. La frecuencia es mayor que los datos de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. La violencia se asocia a desconfianza, falta de comunicación asistencial e incompetencia. Es la causa menos valorada de burnout y se asocia a menor gratificación laboral y mayor temor a la desmotivación. Palabras clave: Agresión. Relaciones médicopaciente. Violencia. Burnout profesional. Relaciones interpersonales. Motivación. ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS' VIOLENCE IN PRIMARY CARE Objective. Main aim: to determine the frequency of violence in primary care. Secondary aims: to analyse its causes, consequences and connection with professional burnout and reduced motivation. Design. Transversal, descriptive study. Setting. Primary care. Participants. 68 primary care doctors from 4 districts in the province of Jaén (350, 19%). Main measurements. Self-administered questionnaire with an ad hoc design, sent out by mail and including personal and job details and doctors' views on the causes and consequences of burnout and violence, and the attitudes of the Andalusian Health Service (SAS) and professional bodies (overall reliability, Cronbach's alpha =.7898). Results. 58% had suffered aggression (85% verbal abuse, 67.5% threats, 12.5% physical aggression). Being attacked was linked with attributing the responsibility to the patients (odds ratio [OR]=7.

Domestic violence remains a problem in the Malaysian society.The national statistics on violence against women has shown that domestic violence was recorded among the highest in the category. Domestic violence is often described as a family-centred problem and generally understood as patterns of abusive and coercive behaviour which may cause physical injuries, psychological and emotional disturbances, sexual intimidations as well as financial oppressions to the victim.In this article, the demographics of the women victims and their spouses or ex-spouses were described.All data was collected using self-reporting questionnaires which filled up by those women themselves.Profiles of the women sample (and the perpetrators) were analysed via the PASW Statistics 18 Advanced Statistical procedure.The findings obtained from the analyses are discussed in relation to the demographical characteristics of the women and their male counterparts.These basic features of the sample aim to offer a gli...

Workplace violence has affected many individuals in recent years, irrespective of age, gender, race, educational level, and sector. We analyzed the responses to the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study Questionnaire, applied online to 447 health care workers who worked in public or private health care institutions in different cities of Turkey. Frequencies, percentages, and a chi-square independence test were used for data analysis through SPSS 18. Of the participants, 37.4% were doctors, 61.3% were midwives-nurses or emergency medical technicians (EMT), and 1.3% worked in units with no direct contact with patients and relatives (such as management and the hospital pharmacy). A total of 36.7% of participants reported exposure to physical violence, and 88.8% reported exposure to verbal abuse at least once during their working lives. Many participants who were victims of physical violence or verbal abuse did not report incidents because they thought it would prov...

A present study was conducted on profile characteristics of tribal women on domestic water sanitation practices. For the study, based upon the nature of the research problem and objectives of the present study, experimental research design was selected. A total of 90 sample comprising 60 tribal women and 30 grass root level women extension personnel (Anganwadi workers) from three mandals of Adilabad district were selected using random sampling technique. The district of Adilabad was selected purposively as the tribes are densely populated when compared to the other districts of the state. Tribal mandals selected for the study were Rebbena, Tandur and Kerameri. Interview schedule was developed for data collection. Frequencies and percentages were used for data analysis. The results of the study were revealed that the primary water source was hand pump for drinking and household purposes, while pond and tap were secondary water sources which were available within a distance of a kilometer. 46.66 percent of the tribal women expressed that they fetched water more than 5 times a day for drinking and household use from water source, whereas in the case of Anganwadi, more than half of them fetched water less than 3 times a day. For fetching water a great majority of the tribal women and Anganwadi workers waited for less than 15 minutes at the community water source. Seventy per cent of the tribal women were responsible for fetching water (70) in the household and in very negligible (1.7) percent households it was the responsibility of men. 43.33% of the Anganwadi worker stated that women were main responsible for water fetching while in 10% of the Anganwadi workers household it was the men's responsibility. All the respondents collect water from the source several times every day and never stored the water for more than a day. A great majority of the tribal women (90%) and Anganwadi workers (86.6%) took out water by dipping glass held in hand. Only 15% of the tribal women and 40% of the Anganwadi workers had the practice of hand washing before handling water. Among those who practiced hand washing, only 2 tribal women and 7 Anganwadi workers had the practice of hand washing with soap. A great majority (96.6%) of the tribal women and 83.3% of the Anganwadi workers had hand washing practice before eating. Fifty percent of the tribal women practicing the indigenous practices like washing hands with ash/soil after defecation. While an equal percentage of the tribal women washed their hands with soap and normal water after defecation. But after defecation all the Anganwadi workers had the practice of hand washing with soap and water. Filtering with cloth /sieve was the common water purification practice observed in the tribal area irrespective of the source of collection. Majority of the tribal women (83.3%) and Anganwadi workers (66.6%) stated that they filtered drinking water using cloth or sieve at collection point in order to filter the solid dust particles. Along with cloth filtration about 44.0% of the tribal women and 35% of the Anganwadi workers practice boiling of drinking water.

This paper aims to provide an in-depth investigation of the role of social media images in conveying the meaning of "power " and "empowerment" in public antiviolence campaigns that aim to empower women in the Middle East. The research raises three qualitative questions of the way anti-violence adverts have represented Arab women in the social media; the way Arab societal culture affects the image of women represented in the adverts; and the extent to which these social adverts have empowered women to transfer their realities against domestic violence. The researcher uses a purposeful sample of six social campaigns that addressed women violence organized by six non-profit and governmental entities in different Arab countries in the period between 2013 and 2018. The paper used the theoretical framework offered by Cohen-Eliya and Hammer (2004) to analyze the extent to which these social media adverts have "empowered" women against domestic violence. The input of this framework is that it studies how visual adverts have constructed relationships of power regarding the stereotypes of women in the Middle East. The paper finds that although these social media adverts aim to fight domestic violence, they enhance traditional stereotype of weak women and fall short of addressing the concept of "empowerment" through focusing on stereotypical images of powerless women. The paper highlights the need for new social media communication that would utilize the opportunities provided by social media to establish a new "transformative" image of the Arab woman about her cultural context. Moreover, the paper suggests that the concept of "empowerment" should be addressed at both individual and cultural levels through cooperating with governmental and non-profit organizations using social media communication to provide women with access to resources.

Studies on family violence toward wives and children in Hong Kong, although limited, are consistent with the ecological model that explains this violence as the interaction of a confluence of factors that are at work at different levels. In this paper, four clinical cases are selected to demonstrate the applicability of the model in Hong Kong. The immigration background of the family, low socioeconomic status, perceived lack of support, and Chinese values on obedience to authority stand out as contributory factors to violent acts. A multi-faceted and multi-leveled prevention program to achieve zero tolerance of violence is proposed that prescribes caution as to the possible double victimization of individuals and families by the larger social system.

Introdução: A Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher (VDFCM) é um grave problema intersetorial e de saúde pública. Com o advento da pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus, a definição do isolamento social como medida de contenção para o controle da transmissibilidade da doença, representou para as mulheres em situação de violência doméstica um obstáculo adicional à manutenção de sua saúde e vida. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados a Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher no período de 2019 e 2020 no município de Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, observacional, do tipo transversal, realizado no município de Itabuna, Bahia, localizado no Nordeste do Brasil, que permitiu estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados a ocorrência de VDFCM no período de 2019 e 2020. Para determinar às diferenças entre as frequências das características nos anos de 2019 e 2020 utilizou-se o teste de Qui-quadrado, sendo considerado o ...

espanolEl presente trabajo indaga sobre la relacion entre la participacion politica de las mujeres y la democracia a partir de la conquistada paridad de genero en el acceso a los cargos legislativos a nivel nacional. Sintetiza la evolucion de las herramientas del derecho antidiscriminatorio desde una mirada feminista del derecho. Se pregunta por la posibilidad de que la mayor representacion femenina se refleje en diversos temas y, finalmente, se replique en politicas que conquisten y garanticen derechos para diversos colectivos desaventajados. italianoIl presente lavoro riflette sul rapporto tra la partecipazione politica delle donne e la democrazia basata sulla parita di genere conquistata nell&#39;accesso agli uffici legislativi a livello nazionale. Riassume l&#39;evoluzione degli strumenti della legge antidiscriminazioni da una visione femminista del diritto. Viene posta la domanda sulla possibilita che la maggiore rappresentazione femminile si rifletta su diversi argomenti e, in...

Este estudo objetivou mapear evidências científicas disponíveis sobre a violência perpetrada por parceiro íntimo em cenário doméstico durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Uma scoping review foi realizada seguindo as diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, SciELO e as plataformas PUBCOVID19 e LitCOVID. A análise temática reflexiva foi aplicada ao conjunto de dados. O corpus final foi constituído por 11 artigos. Verificou-se que as medidas não farmacológicas de controle de contágio da COVID-19, como isolamento social, quarentena e lockdown, estão associadas a chance aumentada de ocorrência de violência doméstica. Variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentos de risco à saúde e aspectos psicológicos podem explicar essa tendência de aumento dos casos. Embora os atendimentos remotos sejam preconizados em substituição aos serviços presenciais, também podem incrementar o sentimento de vulnerabilidade das mulheres. É fundamental elaborar protocolos que ofereçam proteção às mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade, sem restringir o apoio apenas ao momento de notificação. O estudo fornece uma visão panorâmica sobre o problema, com insights que poderão orientar a prática assistencial e futuras pesquisas. Palavras-Chave: violência doméstica, violência contra a mulher, infecções por coronavírus, COVID-19, pandemias.