Urban Decay

Salou, which is one of the many highly specialized tourist resorts located on the Spanish Mediterranean coast, is a hundred kilometres south of Barcelona. Within its narrow boundaries of 1.481 ha, Salou hosts 7.4 million overnight stays per year and is home to 52 hotels. A ratio which ranks Salou amongst the tenth most visited municipalities in Spain [1]. Distance from Salou's historical town centre, the area of Carles Buigas Avenue (CB) emerges as being the heart of the municipality's tourism and leisure industry. Salou developed, as did so many other Spanish coastal touristic locations, during the sixties and seventies as a consequence of the increasing demand for sun and beach destinations amongst the European and Spanish middle classes. Unfortunately, the "ageing" of this built up area clamours for close attention today. The visible physical degradation of the property is becoming a cause for concern and preoccupation amongst the main property owners and investors: public administration, hotel managers, shopkeepers and neighbours. Hotels emerge as the key problem within the set physical boundaries of this study. They occupy approximately 50% of the total land surface, 28 out of a total of 52 hotels within the town being concentrated in that area. This accumulation of hotels also breaks the particularity of the predominance of second residences which is so customary along the Spanish Coast. This paper delves into the data and proposals obtained from analysing the public space of the CB area. Similarly, as a consequence of the previous analysis, a set of proposals for intervention are also presented. The proposals are conceived to be developed within different time scales, in response to political and social willingness and economic capacity. The objective of the work is to induce an urban and tourism paradigm shift in the area, thus facilitating the emergence of a new tourism model. Solutions are urgently needed to provide specific answers to a particular scenario, which has similitudes to those of other Mediterranean Coastal Developments specialized in tourism activities, which too, after being operative for more than forty years, are suffering from deterioration or abandonment. Despite it still being an open process, the study understands that due to the complexity of the committed task and the scale of the area, the goal will require the active commitment and collaboration of the property owners (administration, hotel managers, investors and neighbours).

El ámbito de la Avenida Carles Buigas de Salou es una zona urbana con graves problemas de movilidad y degradación del tejido comercial y residencial. La intensa actividad turística del ámbito tiene como consecuencia una difícil convivencia con la residencia permanente, así como una fuerte especialización y estacionalidad del comercio. El espacio urbano que ha resultado de los sucesivos procesos de desarrollo turístico es un entorno de muy baja calidad sometido a un elevado stress de uso en verano y baja o nula actividad en invierno. Asimismo, la estacionalidad residencial y comercial, convierte la zona en un espacio poco atractivo para establecer residencias habituales tanto por la falta de servicios y equipamientos básicos en temporada baja, como por las externalidades negativas que ocasiona la masificación de visitantes en temporada alta.
El perímetro de la Av. Carles Buigas, arteria principal de esta zona de especialización turística, está sometido a una gran presión comercial. La tolerancia administrativa para con el privado ha permitido que el espacio intermedio entre la edificación y la acera haya sido ocupado por la extensión del comercio, modificando de este modo la sección del vial y condicionando sustancialmente la calidad del espacio.
Desde el año 2013 un grupo formado por investigadores de la URV y UPC trabaja en el análisis, diagnóstico y elaboración de propuestas para la regeneración del área de Carles Buigas por encargo del Ayuntamiento de Salou. Con el fin de testar la aceptación popular y analizar in situ algunas soluciones planteadas al Ayuntamiento sobre el uso del espacio urbano y comercial, se establece la ejecución de una Prueba Piloto durante el verano de 2017, previo a la redacción de una propuesta definitiva de renovación del área. La implementación de la Prueba Piloto y la experiencia de la modificación del espacio público muestran conflictos ocultos entre la Administración y Comerciantes visualizables en el espacio intermedio entre la propiedad pública y privada. Este artículo describe el proceso de proyecto e implementación del proyecto y los conflictos de intereses en el ámbito de actuación. Así mismo, advierte del necesario diálogo y acuerdo entre agentes públicos y privados con el fin de acometer un proyecto de regeneración del área con suficientes garantías de éxito. Las actuaciones superficiales en un área compleja y en avanzado proceso de degeneraración urbana como es la Avenida Carles Buigas tienen el riesgo de resultar en un maquillaje con escaso efecto real.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective indexes of damage to a building, with the aim of reducing the possible events caused by the earthquake and presenting a model based on spatial information systems. So, after collecting the data and information required by field method and statistical blocks, a spatial database was obtained. Then, the effectiveness of each of the criteria was based on the creation of a binary comparison matrix and questioning experts from the subject The study was obtained. In the end, in order to establish a link between the influential factors and the estimation of the final vulnerability of each building, a formula was presented in which all the effective factors were involved with the emphasis on the level of effectiveness of each building. Using expert selection software, the indexes were evaluated in terms of weight and value. Finally, the geospatial information system of GIS evaluated the magnitude and severity of the earthquake in different ranges and its consequences in terms of the indices studied for the buildings in the study area.

Earthquake is known as one of the deadliest natural disasters, with a high potential for damage to life and property. Some of Iran's cities were completely destroyed after major earthquakes, and the people of the region suffered a lot of mental, financial and psychological damage. Tehran is one of the cities located on the fault line. According to experts, the only city that could be severely damaged by a moderate earthquake in Earthquake Engineering Intensity Scale (EEIS) (70% destruction) is Tehran because Tehran is built precisely on the fault. Seismic risk assessment (SRA) of cities in the scale of urban areas and neighborhoods is the first phase of the earthquake crisis management process, which can provide the information required to make optimal use of available resources and facilities in order to reduce the destructive effects and consequences of an earthquake. This study has investigated strategies to promote safety and reduce the vulnerability of worn-out urban textures in the District 12 of Tehran to the potential risk of earthquake aimed at prioritizing the factors affecting the vulnerability of wornout urban textures to earthquake crises and how to reduce them, using the analytical-exploratory method, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), Expert choice and SWOT technique. The results of SWAT and AHP analysis of the vulnerability of the worn-out textures of District 12 to internal threats (1.70) and external threats (2.40) indicate weak safety of the textures of District 12 regarding internal and external factors and a high possibility of damage.

Under the influence of rapid urban developments, the phenomenon of abandonment and degradation of industrial buildings and urban spaces pose significant challenges to preserving historical assets on a global scale. This paper examines the multifaceted challenges surrounding the revitalisation of industrial heritage, with a focus on brownfield areas, which have become symbols of urban decay and environmental degradation. This research examines the case of Kombinat, an industrial city in Tirana that was a product of the socialist era. It presents a systematic approach to rejuvenating and repurposing abandoned industrial buildings. Through adaptive reuse, these structures can be transformed to serve contemporary needs while retaining their historical integrity, igniting a wave of urban regeneration. This intervention holds the potential to contribute significantly to the maintenance, rehabilitation, and redevelopment of the targeted area of Kombinat in Tirana. At its core, this intervention advocates for a comprehensive approach to industrial heritage revitalisation, that harmonises economic viability with cultural preservation and environmental sustainability. By embracing adaptive reuse and proactive intervention strategies, Albania cannot only reclaim its neglected industrial legacy but also pave the way for vibrant and resilient communities.

In recent decades, the deterioration of urban decay has become a significant problem in the country. On the one hand, the expansion of urban decay, and on the other hand, the uneven process of renovating these fabrics has led to the emergence of new problems for the cities of the country. The analysis of the renovation damage reveals that the imbalance and inconsistency in various social, physical, economic dimensions, and other similar factors have caused disruption or disconnection with networks and urban development flows, resulting in decay in vulnerable and susceptible areas.” Therefore, it can be said that deteriorated urban fabrics or lagged urban areas are the result of unfair urbanization and imbalanced urban development. For this reason, so far, there has not been a balance between the processes of renovation with the process of deterioration. The four main obstacles to Balanced Renovation are ambiguity of the fundamental and foundational concepts of renovation (lack of knowledge and lack of theoretical foundations), existence of conflicts in the governance system of renewal management, and lack of a strategic-executive plan for renewal, lack of active participation (actors) of target communities in renewal, especially people in policymaking, planning, and implementation of projects (distrust in promises, programs, and renewal management), and instability in managerial approaches, inability to coordinate departments, and weakness of responsible parties in coordinating departments and responsible organizations (lack of transparency in processes). With this process, it can be concluded that the persistence of deteriorated fabrics leads to the “decay”, “decline”, or “collapse” of the remaining Fabrics. In other words, the decay or collapse of tissue in such a situation means that these tissues have reached a point of irreversible redevelopment. Therefore, there is a need to open a path for rational, scientific, and intelligent intervention in the deteriorated urban fabrics of the country, which, based on the three fundamental insights and wisdom of “justice-based” redevelopment, “community-based” redevelopment, and “neighborhood-Oriented” redevelopment, will rejuvenate the deteriorated fabrics in a balanced manner. Given the fundamental insights and basic principles, Balanced Renovation, which aims to intervene rationally, scientifically, and intelligently in the deteriorated urban fabrics of the country, requires a systematic formulation. These principles can encompass all the objectives, plans, actions, and performances of revitalizing deteriorated urban decay within that framework for implementation and evaluation. The management system for revitalizing deteriorated urban fabrics primarily requires comprehensive perspectives, intellectual and practical balance, and rationality combined with intelligence in addressing the issue of urban decay in the country and promoting the revitalization of these areas. In this way, the goal of the balanced revitalization of deteriorated areas is realized and urban development is also balanced.

The Riverside Watershed Environmental Living Lab for Sustainability (RWELLS) is a research project initiated by D. Tom Iseley, the Director of CEMT program at IUPUI with assistance of Dr Dan Koo and two students Eminou Nasser and Jessica Rocho . Riverside neighborhood is a historic neighborhood that blossomed in the early years of the past century. This neighborhood is now subject to the urban decay, The data given by Census illustrates declining number of population, a shrinking income per household. Moreover The Riverside like many other areas in Indianapolis, it has an aged and poorly maintained underground utility system. Up to 25% of drinkable water is wasted because of the leakage in the pipes and line breaks; another 40% is infiltrated to the sewer system. Meters also need to be replaced. Such situation is unsustainable and costly for the community in the long run. RWELLS has many areas of consideration in the Riverside neighborhood. Such as employment, sustainable practices,...

Street trading is one of the misuses plaguing the public open spaces in third-world cities. The effects of the activity on accessibility in city centres have transformed them into contested places for incompatible functions. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of street trading and its implications on urban open spaces visa -vis the landscape and accessibility in the city centre. Purposive sampling of 12 streets and their streetscapes that are mostly used for informal trading in Osogbo were investigated. Total sample size of 180 informal traders was randomly selected from the streets to elicit necessary information on their activities. A descriptive analysis of the data collected through physical observation and questionnaire survey was carried out. The results show that the activity has serious negative impacts on accessibility, erection of illegal structures, traffic congestion, solid waste generation, auto-accidents and deface of urban aesthetics. Control option favours inclusive principles of postmodernism in the landscape design of streets and streetscapes as public infrastructure. The study concludes with recommendations on urban renewal strategies to ameliorate street trading in Osogbo and approach that could be adopted in other cities of developing countries at large.

During the recent years and especially after the destructive Bam Earthquake in December 2003, the importance of public awareness and community-based activities for disaster risk mitigation and management have been revealed more clearly to Iran's authorities. In this regard, several national policies have been prepared and some activities were carried out by governmental and non-governmental organizations for improving the public awareness and participation in earthquake risk reduction programs from local to national levels. In this paper, these activities have been partly addressed. In addition, the results of a pilot study carried out in three districts of Tehran are presented and discussed in order to evaluate the current situation of public awareness as well as the willingness of Tehran residents to participate in risk mitigation activities. After providing the necessary training and preparing disaster maps, the results of this study showed that communities found novel ways to improve their capabilities for reducing the impacts of potential earthquakes and responding to their effects. Understanding the physical and technical shortages of community-based organizations in Tehran in the field of disaster preparedness and management was another outcome of this research.

Background and aim-This paper studies urban decline, the process in which the built environment suddenly or gradually loses its practical, technical and economic functionality, resulting in it being abandoned by its legitimate occupants and neglected by its owners for an extended period of time. Recent European examples of urban decline from around the globe as well as five German examples were studied. This is followed by a reflection on the risks for public safety and public health that these examples show and the possible role of facility managers in diminishing these risks. Methods / Methodology-Data were collected by means of desk research and direct observations Results-At all locations public safety and public health risks were considerable. Direct observations at five German locations show extensive urban decline. Originality-Identifying safety and health risks in abandoned buildings and connecting these issues to the facility management profession offers a new perspective on dealing with urban decay. Practical or social implications-Abandoned buildings that are easily accessible to the public generate considerable risks for public safety and health. This paper calls for a debate about how to deal with these risks. Part of the debate should be whether or not such situations should be allowed to continue. Moreover, this paper suggests a prominent role for the facility management profession in order to deal with these safety and health issues. Type of paper-Research paper.

South Africa's apartheid legacy is well known and has been widely researched. The impact ofapartheid was most acute in the urban areas. The present South African city form had been shaped by the early colonial measures to keep the urban areas predominantly for white use and occupation. As the democratic initiatives ofthe 1990s gained momentum various strategies were pursued to reverse the effects of racial planning.

Monsters throughout history are always explained in terms of abjection, horror and something to be avoided in order that the system and regulation of society to be restored. Following the dynamic conception of contemporary utopia, the present paper aims at analyzing the monster or the violence in Ahmed Saadawi's Frankenstein in Baghdad (FB) 2014 in terms of utopian site of hope, freedom and justice. It intends to show in what ways the issue of the-neo-Utopianism‖ or a desire for grand narratives is addressed in contemporary Iraqi fiction and why this issue is significant in post-postmodern thought. The paper revolves around posttraditional thinking of monster through investigating how a monster is related to a collective desire of hope for better roles in relation to the multiple societal crises. Other than an abject or-Other‖, the value of creating such a monster is to introduce a new vision to the reader accomplished with the hope and salvation instead of the fragile spirit that comes from the postmodern failure and destruction. Within this conception the paper unfolds three routes that explicitly address a utopian desire: the body, the name and the aim or the message. The article, moreover, uncovers a new dimension of monstrosity in Iraqi literature which marks a shift from postmodernism to new era characterized by a utopian revival. The paper concludes that the monster is given a new voice and vision to be accepted in symbolic order unlike its traditional image in Gothic literature, one to speak about horror or monstrosity.

Cities are bustling centres of human activity. They seethe with the intersecting lives of their inhabitants. Richard Sennett, in his book Flesh and Stone: The Body and the City in Western Civilization, writes about the medical discovery of the human circulatory system and eighteenthcentury developments in city planning (2002: 255-281). He claims that these city designs, such as those of Washington, DC and Paris, were intended to allow for a form of circulatory system within the city, an improved urban health. He remarks: Enlightenment planners wanted the city in its very design to function like a healthy body, freely flowing as well as possessed of clean skin. Since the beginnings of the Baroque era, urban planners had thought about making cities in terms of efficient circulation of people on the city's main streets. (Sennett, 2002: 263) People, traffic and society, in their systematic movement through what Sennett identifies as the "arteries" and "veins" of the city, provide a life within the constructed body of the city, a symbiosis between man and man made. Essentially, society forms the metaphorical blood that courses through the city's veins.

In the context of the bottom-up approach to development and poverty reduction, this is the first study to use the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), with a slight adjustment, to study the economic adaptation of refugees within camps. The objective of this study was to explore the factors affecting the economic adaptation of refugees in Midyat Refugee Camp in Turkey. The study used a focus group to help design the questionnaire that was subsequently used to collect data from a sample of 393 households in Midyat Camp. The data was used to estimate a Structural Equations Model. The findings indicated that the most important factors in determining refugees' economic adaptation are human capital, social capital and institutions.

Although urban decay of cities is important and valuable items; they are very vulnerable and unstable against natural disasters and on the other hands they are regarded as cultural capital and compressed buildings that are in fact treasury of social memories, methods of planning and life. The present research with the purpose of focusing on crisis management and describing its indices on revitalization of urban decay structure, examines the effective factors on revitalization of urban decay structure in Jomhouri neighborhood with the approach of crisis management. The research methodology from viewpoint of nature is descriptive-analytical and through comparing the defined indices obtained from theoretical fundamentals, the related data were analyzed by using statistical methods and SPSS software and also it is benefit from Expert Choice software. Through examining the effective factors for prioritizing intervention methods for decay structure the following 5 items based on priority were recognized and classified: Land adjustment of plaques (with final point of 0.79) as first priority, widening roads (with final point of 0.71) as second priority, consolidation of building (with final point of 0.57), reconstruction and granting bonus floor area ratio with points of 0.55 and 0.49 as fourth and fifth priority.

Tampok at Gatla: A Township Growth in Cavite A look into the changing centers, congested centers, conveying centers, and contemporary centers of Silang "…ito ay parang isang aclat na quinatatalaan ng mga ibeg nating ipagbilen at ipatupad sa mga liping susunod sa atin. Mauunawaan ng ating mga inanac kung ano ang lihim na nacacuble sa mahiwaga niyang anyo."-Guillermo Bayan, 1918

By comparing the Ford's Museum acquisition and display of the "Lincoln Death Chair" to its later purchase of the bus in which Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat, this paper explains how the museum had to evolve to fit its original mission. This paper was the final product of an NEH grant-funded workshop held in Dearborn, Michigan.

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Mentre da anni viene promessa la bonifica del Rione Tamburi, esistente a ridosso dell'acciaieria, va ricordata l'origine di quello che era un quartiere operaio sorto in vicinanza dei Cantieri Tosi. La rinascita del Quartiere dovrà realizzare un adeguato affaccio al Mar Piccolo consentendo l'accesso alla foce del famoso Galeso.

A través de una rápida revisión de las etapas de desarrollo de la zona que comprende el núcleo fundacional de la ciudad de Mexicali, que para efectos de este trabajo se define como el Centro Histórico o Zona Centro, es posible reconocer aspectos determinantes del camino evolutivo que este importante sector ha seguido. El presente documento es un ejercicio de análisis morfológico que pretende dar sustento al esfuerzo de rescate y preservación de una de las zonas más significativas de la ciudad desde la perspectiva del patrimonio cultural urbano edificado, asimismo a través de una síntesis diagnóstica busca definir los aspectos más críticos que presenta el sector ante el reto de conservar y poner en valor el mencionado patrimonio.

The expansion of textile and clothing production to Asian regions has both, increased competition and created a need for integration with the global supply chain. Strategies are being designed to improve competitiveness and responsiveness of the chains by increasing the diversification of products and value addition. This study formulates and examines the potential of such strategies and their implementation for textile and clothing chains originating from Pakistan. The strategies were developed based on a SWOT analysis followed by their prioritization through Saatys AHP and ANP. This work extends the previously developed phase of strategic planning to the implementation phase. Here we analyse the strategic plans using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method and taking into account relevant factors such as cost, time and implementability.

Il centro siderurgico di Taranto ha avuto e ha una grande rilevanza nella storia
industriale italiana. La storiografia si è concentrata soprattutto sul ruolo dell’industria e
solo recentemente alcuni studi interrogano il rapporto tra fabbrica e territorio. In
queste pagine si articolerà il tema dell’eredità industriale attraverso la ricostruzione
della storia delle case Italsider. Costruito negli anni sessanta, il progetto residenziale
della società ebbe subito un clamore eccezionale. La ricerca analizza le case
Italsider come un patrimonio industriale materiale e simbolico attraverso il confronto
critico di fonti diverse. Le fonti documentarie mostreranno, attraverso planimetrie e
disegni, le forme e le linee di sviluppo del quartiere. Le fonti orali contestualizzano la
modernizzazione industriale di Taranto, riflettendo sulle condizioni abitative dei primi
abitanti. Le storie di vita aiutano a delineare in una prospettiva critica il ruolo
dell’industria nello sviluppo urbanistico.

Geography has seen a rebirth of interest and appreciation of the ruined and abandoned spaces of industrial modernity. This work has often considered such ruins largely in terms of the phenomenological or affectual experiences of material decay, disorder, and blight. This chapter is an investigation into ruined spaces that do not have materiality or temporality: digital ruins. Existing in a kind of eternal present, such spaces do not decay, yet still demonstrate many affective and phenomenological experiences of what we understand to be ruin. Using ethnographic research of three abandoned and nearly abandoned virtual worlds, these landscapes provide a unique opportunity for a critical analysis of digital ruins as spaces of disconnection: particularly in their relationship with time, their algorithmic disconnection from the social imaginary of the Internet, the phenomenological disconnection one experiences in these places, and their founding premise as spaces of utopian disconnection from the limitations of materiality.

Throughout the 20th century humankind have sought to create a better quality of life for residents living in poor urban spaces. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the inefficient rural fabric of Sisabad with an emphasis on urban resilience and the information collected from field observations, library documents, interviews have been analyzed using GIS software, also to analyze the results of the evaluation of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats have been done using the QSPM method. In conducting this research, interviews with experts in this field were scored using the Delphi method, and the analysis was done using the QSPM method. variables of the urban resilience components and the ineffectiveness of worn-out tissues together in all dimensions of resilience, especially in the physical and environmental fields, such as the incompatibility of uses, access, and the level of quality and permeability of the fabric of the Sisabad neighborhood all are reviewed in this section. In the end, it has been adopted to create strategies to improve urban resilience in Sisabad village such as land use location with the aim of organizing incompatible lands using vast brownfields. From the results of this article, it can be pointed out that the use of brown lands in providing per capita and creating mixed uses to ensure security, as well as the location of incompatible uses, are strategies that were used to improve urban resilience.

The emergence of the derelict and urban flora is a result of a myriad of current economic, political, and social conditions. The combination of the two offers an opportunity to institute a performative hybrid architecture. The remediation of the site can be achieved through combining the systems of the industrial and the organism. Because urban land is no longer valued, one can use the spaces to begin to generate temporal emergent patterns. The industrial topography can be dissolved through structured derelict ecologies throughout the city

Processes of socioeconomic restructuring result in reshaping cities and affect all aspects of urban life all over the world. One effect of such processes is urban decline which may be defined as "the relative under-performance of many local urban economies and the resulting mix of economic, social, physical, and environmental exclusion, which often appears to be self-sustaining in the absence of external intervention". The urban decline, because of spatial concentration, leads to the creation, continuation, and intensification of deteriorated neighbourhoods. In Iran, deterioration of some urban neighbourhoods can be considered as the consequence of contemporary socioeconomic transitions. The consequences of urban deterioration are the disequilibrium of main functions in the neighbourhood, the concentration of unstable buildings, lack of public services, and unbalance between driving paths and pavements. The result is the lack of equilibrium, balance, and sustainability in the deteriorated neighbourhoods. The issue of neighbourhood sustainability can be considered from physical, functional, environmental, and social aspects. This paper put an emphasis on the equilibrium and balance between different functions and defines the criteria and indices of a sustainable neighbourhood from functional aspect. To this end, the content of literature is reviewed; then, the status quo of the deteriorated neighbourhoods of Tehran (in relation to the defined indices) is analysed; and finally, the required policy readjustments to enhance functional sustainability in these neighbourhoods is proposed.

With increasing concern for the negative effects of climate change and sea level rise on human health and well-being, urban wetland parks offer a viable alternative to traditional, manicured parks prevalent in cities around the world. Such parks can combine the benefits of a typical waterfront promenade with coastal ecosystem restoration and sea level rise (SLR) management. Yet SLR mitigation efforts are commonly seen as purely engineering and economic problems to be solved. Benefits to human health and well-being, such as recreation, environmental education, and stewardship opportunities, are often marginalized in the planning process. The renewal and regenerative capacity of urban ecological systems should not be overlooked. Even though a growing body of research measures how short-term activity in parks and other green urban environments can improve human health and well-being, few coastal restoration and resilience projects directly consider evidencebased connections between public health and the constructed environment. This is especially important since urban adaptation solutions often include massive concrete walls or earthen levees that disconnect residents from the water and damage coastal habitat. By simultaneously considering the intertwined value of urban parks, wetland restoration, and SLR mitigation, coastal cities can achieve synergistic solutions to all three challenges. Hence, urban wetland parks are a particularly viable strategy. This paper includes a focused case study of the Paradise Creek Nature Park in Norfolk, Virginia-one of the cities most threatened by sea level rise in the United States. This recently completed, 40-acre constructed wetland park is located amidst contaminated industrial sites and an economically challenged and racially diverse urban neighborhood. The Park project empowered an urban community in need, while designing, implementing, and testing translatable strategies for creating healthy, public landscapes. The necessity of integrating resilient coastal design strategies and public health and advocacy policies is escalating as sea levels rise.

The practice of urban exploration, or urbex-an activity in which we confront and document landscapes of ruin and make meaning from them-acts as a focal point through which students may investigate and write about the world surrounding them by gaining new perspectives of physical spaces and objects that often go ignored in daily living. More importantly, urbex inspires writing that responds to existing problems in our world (resource scarcity, lack of sustainability, and environmental trauma) while also helping students to conceptualize a better one.

The phenomenon of urban deterioration in Egyptian urbanization is considered as one of the challenges facing sustainable urban development. This is due to many reasons, foremost of which is the reliance of authorities on traditional and inadequate monitoring and classifying tools. Despite the growing number of these areas, few attempts were made to spatially monitor and classify the degree of deterioration of these areas through comprehensive indicators. In order to control this phenomenon, the process of monitoring and classifying these areas is considered as the first step. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a model to monitor and classify urban deterioration using geographic information systems (GIS) approach. The city of Mansoura, which is one of the largest medium-sized cities in Egypt, has been chosen as the case study. Geospatial data were gathered according to the year 2021. The results of the study show four different categories of urban deterioration and its priority to upgrade the quality of life for the people living in these areas. The findings also uncover some of the urban characteristics of these categories which contribute to raising the efficiency of urban management in Mansoura city.

One of the negative effects of the high rate and pace of urbanisation in developing countries is the decay of urban centres. While this decay has eaten deep into the fabric of these settlements turning them into urban slums and ghettoes with poor infrastructure, the effects of the decay are multifarious. Despite the fact that economy is the "life-wire" of urban centres, its untold downturn consequent upon urban decay is unimaginable because of the relationship that exists between environmental quality and economic growth. This calls for a proactive approach called urban renewal towards creation of successful urban places. This paper therefore reviews urban renewal strategies and their implications on economic growth with particular focus on Ondo State, Nigeria towards identifying the means of enhancing the sustainability of its economic proceeds. The study relied on secondary information sources and discovered that appropriate urban renewal strategies yields corresponding economic growth. The paper asserts that the urban renewal fit achieved in the state during the period 2009 to 2012 can be replicated in other states in Nigeria if similar political willpower is available. The paper recommends the participation of the public combined with appropriate strategies in urban renewal schemes for the best result and argues in conclusion that urban renewal is the only feasible solution to the current dwindling economic sector in Nigeria and other developing economies.

Street trading is one of the misuses plaguing the public open spaces in third-world cities. The effects of the activity on accessibility in city centres have transformed them into contested places for incompatible functions. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of street trading and its implications on urban open spaces visa -vis the landscape and accessibility in the city centre. Purposive sampling of 12 streets and their streetscapes that are mostly used for informal trading in Osogbo were investigated. Total sample size of 180 informal traders was randomly selected from the streets to elicit necessary information on their activities. A descriptive analysis of the data collected through physical observation and questionnaire survey was carried out. The results show that the activity has serious negative impacts on accessibility, erection of illegal structures, traffic congestion, solid waste generation, auto-accidents and deface of urban aesthetics. Control option favours inclusive principles of postmodernism in the landscape design of streets and streetscapes as public infrastructure. The study concludes with recommendations on urban renewal strategies to ameliorate street trading in Osogbo and approach that could be adopted in other cities of developing countries at large.

This essay reads the English translation of Ahmed Saadawi’s novel Frankenstein in Baghdad (2018) to explore the “concrete stories” and “infrastructural narratives” devised by the US military in support of its occupation of Baghdad. By stitching together a city and society littered with composing and decomposing fictions, Saadawi’s novel reveals how biopolitical governance produces, contra the hegemonic US war story of security consolidation and societal stabilization, pervasive insecurity instead. Saadawi’s “decomposing fictions”, as I call them, operate on three homologous terrains: the (de)composition of the city; the (de)composition of the body; and the (de)composition of the narrative itself. Through this
three-tired conflation, Saadawi shows how body parts are biopolitical, and how narratives actively and materially reshape human bodies and urban infrastructures. The essay therefore argues that the novel aligns with a critical posthumanist perspective, one that allows for a more rigorous consideration of narrative systems (including fictions) as constitutive of and impactful upon human and non-human bodies and urban infrastructures than other concepts, such as “planned violence”, have so far allowed. By theorizing a more complex relationship between narrative form and the built environment in the contexts of militarized colonial and biopolitical urban governance, the essay shows how Saadawi’s novel not only challenges the “imaginative geographies” of the colonial present, but its material infrastructures as well.

One of the mos t significant concerns of urban planners, at metropolitan cities, especially in old and worn out textures, is the reduction of the quality of life and the environment, so they are always seeking for a way to improve these qualities. Low level of available services and amenities, besides physical and social disorders, have caused numerous problems and have totally become as important factors of unsus tainability in such a metropolitan area. In this article, we aimed to identify those effective factors which contribute to environmental quality of neighborhoods, such as Cyrus in the city of Tehran, which have experienced urban decayed. A research method that was employed in this paper is descriptive – analytical. Data were obtained from ques tionnaires dis tributed to a randomly selected sample of 384 respondents also the interview technique was applied to gather data from residents. After that ques tionnaire was developed using the identified external and internal facto...

Recreation is one of the current issues in the world, especially in urban areas. Attention to regeneration has intensified since the late twentieth century, and this attitude has attracted government attention. The complexity of worn-out tissue issues and the close relationship with various economic, social, cultural, and living aspects of residents have led to the adoption of regeneration plans and projects to improve tissue quality. By implementing recreation projects and considering how to use them, it can be concluded that public participation is a very important element in the realization of the project so that since the end of the twentieth century, one of the main features of any public participation program is inseparable. Reconstruction is carried out according to different approaches in different cities, and according to the executive experiences and goals of the project, the active participation of the people has led to the success of this project.

Red balloons on the industrial skyline An entire multiplicity rumbles underneath the sameness of the idea (Deleuze 1994: 344). Time ows in an extraordinarily complex, unexpected, complicated way... (Serres with Latour 1995:58). For Serres, the city is an imperfect citation perpetually reproducing and transforming itself. No matter how deep we dig into its historical layers '...another point always interpolates itself iteratively, in front of it. One city demands another city, one history requires another; but we do not really know how time ows' (Serres 1991:39, in Crang and Travlou 2001:174). Time and space, for Serres, are 'pleated' in that other temporalities and spatialities are always suggested in any given moment in any given place. Thus, the city always escapes from the net of totalising narratives that seek to encapsulate it, wriggles free of the 'Gods-eye' view, eludes the orderly vision of what de Certeau (1984) calls the 'concept city'. Cities exist in a state of relational tension between attempts to represent them and their inherent multiplicity. As such, the city is a constantly shifting spasm of relations, writhing in and out of the ows of movement and stasis, which can be apprehended in moments of (perceived) unitary meaning before again dissolving into the ether of urban ux.

Personne n 'ignore que les pauvres sont capables de tout. Depuis des temps immemoriaux, c 'etait la le seulprincipephilosophique admis et cautionne par les classes possedantes. Pour Ossame ce principe outrageant procedait d'une imposture car, si les pauvres etaient capables de tout, Us seraient deja riches a I'instar de leurs calomniateurs. Albert Cossery, Les couleurs de I'infamie1 This paper is grounded in a socio-anthropological investigation conducted at different stages and in different ways during the past three years (1999-2002). Given the constraints weighing on such research, only a number of tasks have been completed at this stage, leaving for later what should be the results of systematic processing of the data, a task that engages more than just myself.3 Nevertheless we hope that the reader will still find it legitimate that we try and draw a number of considerations from such an unfinished work. The fact is that the writing of this piece provide...

The historic district of Porto is suffering from extensive physical and socioeconomic degradation, mainly induced by the housing policy during the dictatorship of Salazar. Despite numerous programmes and projects with the aim to improve the poor housing and social conditions implemented the social and physical degradation could not be solved. This article presents the results of a research carried out in Morro da Sé, a neighbourhood of the historic centre of Porto. A lack of political interest in combination with insufficient financial investment made of it a place of degradation and disadvantage over the years. The article examines the various initiatives that sought to reverse the degradation process of this neighbourhood and the reasons for its limited success. The main focus hereby lays on the current attempt to stop urban decay through urban rehabilitation societies (SRU).

A new Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development has just been established in Ondo State, Nigeria. The development was expected to herald efficient and sustainable physical planning. To maximize the opportunities offered by this innovative development, some conditions are desirable. This paper therefore examined the problems confronting physical planning in the State and proffer appropriate solutions to unravel them with the intention of optimizing the gains arising from this innovation. The study involved a survey of physical planning mechanisms and agencies of governments responsible for physical planning in Ondo State. It investigated the evolution of physical planning in the state. Other variables examined include: human and financial capacity available for physical planning, development control process, master planning, inventory of project vehicles and equipment among others. The problems that were identified include lack of urban development policy, ineffective development control, inadequate/absence of capacity in appropriate discipline, dearth of spatial information and data and absence of master plan to guide the development of settlements in the State. The paper therefore canvassed for immediate evolvement of urban development policy coupled with series of legislations and regulations that would facilitate development control. Other recommendations include capacity building in relevant discipline, recruitment of staff with contemporary knowledge in urban planning, acquisition of spatial information and data for planning purposes and the immediate development of master plans for major settlements in the State.

Souvent dépeintes comme le terreau du populisme, les villes en déclin sont également des espaces d'expérimentation d'alternatives au néolibéralisme. Dans ces villes, les politiques de développement renouvellent l'action publique en rompant avec le dogme de la croissance. 3 juillet 2017. Les élections municipales à Jackson (Mississippi) consacrent la victoire d'un jeune candidat démocrate de 33 ans promettant d'être le maire de « la ville la plus radicale du monde » (Magnaudeix, 2018). Ce slogan, qui tranche au sein du monde convenu du marketing territorial, est étayé par un programme accordant la priorité à l'amélioration de l'offre éducative et au renforcement des services publics dans les quartiers populaires. Par ailleurs, le maire s'est donné pour objectif de transformer le développement économique local en favorisant l'essor des coopératives (dans l'agriculture, le commerce, ou encore le logement de qualité pour les plus démunis). Si la radicalisation de Jackson doit beaucoup au contexte de (re-)politisation suite à l'élection de Donald Trump, elle s'explique également par des contraintes locales : Jackson fait partie des nombreuses villes américaines aux prises avec la spirale de la décroissance. Celle-ci se caractérise par une perte d'habitants continue, mais aussi sélective : la classe moyenne, et notamment sa composante blanche, fuit la ville, pour sa banlieue, mais aussi pour d'autres centres urbains plus dynamiques (Beauregard, 1993). À Jackson comme ailleurs, les politiques de redéveloppement classiques n'ont

In the context of the bottom-up approach to development and poverty reduction, this is the first study to use the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), with a slight adjustment, to study the economic adaptation of refugees within camps. The objective of this study was to explore the factors affecting the economic adaptation of refugees in Midyat Refugee Camp in Turkey. The study used a focus group to help design the questionnaire that was subsequently used to collect data from a sample of 393 households in Midyat Camp. The data was used to estimate a Structural Equations Model. The findings indicated that the most important factors in determining refugees' economic adaptation are human capital, social capital and institutions.

My thanks to the following people and organisations who assisted in the production of this thesis: my home institution, The University of Technology, Sydney (UTS); the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences; TfC research centre, and the department of Cultural Studies (with particular thanks to Juleigh Slater for her willingness to negotiate university bureaucracy on my behalf). I acknowledge the assistance of The ATN-DAAD Joint Research Cooperation Scheme, which provided funding for a research trip to Berlin in 2011 as part of the Colonial Entanglements project with Lars Eckstein, Anja Schwartz, and Dennis Mischke (University of Potsdam), and Dr. Andrew Hurley (UTS). Thanks also to Katrina Schlunke, who led the project at UTS, and who also provided many kinds of advice and support as a co-supervisor, colleague and course coordinator during my candidature. I am grateful to Bundesarchiv and Northwestern University Library for research support and images used in this thesis.

The population of Detroit has been steadily declining since the 1950s, but the imaginaries that shape the city are in constant transformation, changing with each successive government or regeneration initiative. Since 2010, downtown Detroit has been targeted by blight removal projects, real-estate speculation and redevelopment plans. These growth-oriented imaginaries shape the ways in which place is perceived and encountered – materially and conceptually – often responding to ruin and decay with erasures and evictions that play out through cultural geographies of precarity, simultaneously disappearing and reproducing conditions of inequality. The changes in the city are reflected in my own experiences of Detroit in 2009 and 2015, using walking and driving methods to support grounded and emplaced encounters with the ‘unbecoming’ ruins in the city. The city of 2009 is being replaced – in imagination, and in reality – by a new way of thinking about Detroit, which asks us to imagine dif...

Chronicling the interiors and exteriors of selected abandoned buildings in Sydney, this article examines the problem of memory in spaces that are not only isolated and devalued, but often have played no role in the life of the casual visitor or observer. How can the ruins of someone else's past be made to speak, and how might contemporary ruinscapes reveal a different way of engaging with the past in urban space, particularly in one of the "youngest" cities in the world: a city not defined by decline; constantly undergoing redevelopment; and known more for contemporary architecture than contemporary ruin? Through describing personal encounters with each site, this paper adopts the attitude of Benjamin's collector who encounters old books in a way that does not consider their use-value but instead sees them as fated objects, encountered as ephemeral remnants of the past. Like the salvaged but outmoded book, the modern ruin is just as much a site in which history is played out as any house of parliament or mainstream newsroom. Further, history need not be the dominion of those things and people that speak loudly and clearly-it is equally constituted by boundless, amorphous, liminal, discarded, rejected, silent things-in this case, ruined buildings of a recent, remembered and accessible past.

Beyond the glamour of Cairo history lies a different side of the city that unravels the unique beauty of urban decay. Al-Hattaba, a UNESCO heritage area, is caught in between these narrations of beauty and decay; the beautiful home whose inhabitants want to keep and grow, and the formally enlisted dangerous informal space subject to eviction and demolition.
Al-Hattaba embraces the beauty of its rich and diverse history, growing through time. It beholds moments of prosperity, failure, change, beauty, and loss.
Urban decay photography is used to interpret al-Hattaba’s controversy and explore the bonds between time and memory. We take the reader through a visual journey in al-Hattaba.
It constitutes a photo-sequence that considers al-Hattaba in reflection of its background context, the Citadel of Saladin; historic and residential buildings, some abandoned and attempts of local renovation. This urban setting reflects a rich visual diversity that witnessed its changes through time. We argue that the essence of al-Hattaba’s beauty is in its urban decay. It is a space that will never fail to amaze its visitors with its hidden beauty.