Triple Bottom Line

Abstracts in English, Southern Sotho and XhosaThere is a paucity of research on corporate governance (CG) in state-owned entities (SOEs), specifically with reference to disclosure practices in sustainability reporting (SR). Extant research mainly focused on private entities, and rarely used hybrid research approaches and methodologies, and sector-specific concepts, with a focus on theory- and framework development. Therefore, the current research was primarily aimed at exploring CG and SR disclosure practices of South African Schedule 2 SOEs. The main RO was to investigate the evidence of an association between selected CG variables and SR performance indicators of South African Schedule 2 SOEs. Supplementary to the main RO, the study also explored the nature and scope of the disclosure practices SOEs’ in reporting on CG and sustainability, the extent of SOEs’ adherence to performance standards, and possibility of a trend in the disclosure practices regarding CG and SR. To address g...

The purpose of this chapter is fivefold. First, it highlights that, despite apparent progress, business in general, and marketing in particular, has made little impact upon environmental sustainability. Second, it offers four explanations for the persistent challenges that contribute to this lack of meaningful progress. Third, it presents two theoretical lenses (i.e., assemblage theory and socio-ecological systems theory) for viewing environmental sustainability from new perspectives. Fourth, it offers a mid-range theory, biomimicry, to bridge the gap between these higher-level theories and managerial decisions on the ground. Finally, it offers implications and ideas for future research based on these persistent challenges and new perspectives.

Manufacturing organizations adopt sustainability manufacturing in their attempt to address the triple-bottomline (TBL): environmental stewardship, economic growth, and social well-being. This study was conducted in order to characterize the programs adopted by a manufacturing firm with respect to the TBL and in the end, recommend a framework that could be utilized by decision-makers in the firm as they start to pursue a more sustainable strategy. This paper utilized the case study of a prime multinational semiconductor firm that promotes sustainability among their corporate initiatives.The semiconductor industry was chosen because of its prominence in sustainability efforts worldwide. Weaknesses of the current practices were found to be the reactive position of the firm to external drivers due to lack of long-term agenda for sustainability, the lack of reinforcement of social strategies on each other, the fragmented positions of current sustainability strategies along the sustainabi...

The wine growing industry is increasingly important to the New Zealand economy and increasingly its marketing is associated with the country's 'clean and green' image. Over 60% of New Zealand's wine companies have adopted at least one of three main environmental management systems: Sustainable Winegrowing New Zealand, ISO 14001 and Bio-Gro. We undertook a qualitative, survey based, comparative evaluation of these systems within 15 wine companies. The key findings are that while each system appears to have its own strengths, in general, no one environmental management system is better than the other. However, implementation of an industry specific system, for example SWNZ, in combination with a generic process-based system, for example ISO 14001, aids in the development of a more sustainable wine industry.

The current and prevailing paradigm of intensive agricultural production is a straightforward example of the mainstream way of doing business. Mainstream enterprises are based on a negativistic view of human nature that leads to counter-productive and unsustainable behaviours producing negative impact for society and the natural environment. If we want to change the course, then different players are needed, which can flourish thanks to their capacity to serve others and creating values for all the participants in the network in which they are embedded. In the article, through the analysis of the Slow Food movement and the use of recent theoretical and empirical contributions in behavioural sciences and psychology, we support the collaborative enterprise model as an alternative to the still prevailing, mainstream business models. Evidence shows that caring and responsible efforts of economic agents are acknowledged and reciprocated even in highly competitive markets.

This Impact Report identifies and summarises the diverse impacts, resulting from the £500m of UK funding of Science and Technology in 2013, using numerous quantitative metrics and short case study extracts.  It shows how the varied impacts of a national science and technology organization and its many funded programmes can be annually identified, captured, tracked, and summarised in a public document.

The report was produced for, and by, the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) -  the UK Research Council responsible for funding: (1) all UK astronomy, particle and nuclear physics research, (2) related UK science and technology facilities (e.g. as Harwell and Daresbury), (3) the UK contribution to international science (e.g. CERN, international telescopes and space missions), (4) innovation and business spin-off programmes, and (5) UK public engagement activities.

The Report was co-researched and co-authored by the STFC Impact Team, including myself while Impact Evaluation Manager in 2013, with Dr. Claire Dougan-McCallie (lead author/Head of Impact) and Jenny Beard, with additional input from senior managers, and many data and case study contributions from other key managers across STFC.

Varied key impacts are identified and reported including:

• Research amongst the best (by citation impact) in astronomy, nuclear and particle physics.
• Supported research of 226 Principal Investigators in 70 universities, led to 1,100 peer-reviewed papers in 2012.
• Facilities (the Diamond Light Source, ISIS and CLF) were used in 2012/13 by over 4,200 unique users , in over 2,400 experiments, producing over 1,000 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

• Technology from CERN benefited the UK economy by over £100 billion every year.
• Funding the development of the UK’s space, internet and computer animation industries, returned over £500 billion to the UK economy per annum.
• Funded Innovation Campuses hosted over 230 enterprises and supported over 5,000 jobs.
• UK industry won £43 million in contracts from the international subscriptions funded, and had accumulated a total of £150 million since 2005.

• Funded research inspired future generations to study STEM subjects, attracting 90% of UK undergraduates to study physics, funded 782 PhD students  and 16,800 student training days.
• Between 2009 to 2012 public engagement programmes engaged people on 58 million occasions, with 2 million people engaged in face-to-face activities in 2013 alone.

Corporate action is subject to more scrutiny than ever. An attempt to legitimize the corporate role is seen in corporate social responsibility as a part of a triple bottom line framework. Corporate principles are communicated in various forms to a wide set of stakeholders. Ideally, what is communicated in terms of principles is also seen in business practice. In cases where the principles and actions differ, the platform for creating a brand territory is limited. The communication platform is affected by, for example, corporate documents, actions and media perceptions. The studied cases, from the construction industry, illustrate how media portrays business conduct. It shows that the corporate communication strategy is affected by media's verdicts. Driven by outside pressure, a set of ethical principles were declared but they received little attention since their press release was poorly timed; the press release coincided with a scandal of unethical business conduct concerning the same company. Branding represents a cornerstone in the corporate marketing umbrella. It is a simplifying symbol that helps stakeholders distinguish between sales offers. Credence values such as social responsibility and ethical business conduct are intangible; the brand thus becomes a guarantee for the communicated social values.

Dans cet ouvrage appuyé de nombreux interviews de personnalités du monde de l'entreprise, le leadership apparaît comme une force d’inspiration et d’entrainement du collectif à tous les niveaux de l’entreprise dans le but d’atteindre un objectif estimable et ambitieux. Le Génie du leadership s’adresse donc à tous les passionnés de la chose collective, désireux d’explorer les ressorts et les nouveaux défis de l’action managériale à l’ère de la mondialisation.

This paper aims to understand how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) accountability metrics influence 1) firm’s profits and 2) value.  The study is a cross-sectional analysis of S&P 500 companies in the US. This study specifically studies 1) the relationship between ESG metrics and Free Cash Flow and 2) the relationship between ESG metrics and Market Capitalization. I find that ESG accountability, specifically Environmental and Employee accountability is correlated with profit creation in the form of free cash flow, while, a significantly negatively correlation is found between the “Community” factor and profit creation.  Meanwhile, the value equation yields no such significant results between ESG metrics and market capitalization. Therefore, I conclude that while ESG factors drive profits in large US firms, ESG metrics fail to be accounted for in market performance measures as evident in the market capitalization equation. These findings have two main implications. First, a failure to account for value creating ESG assets will continue to result in the eroding value of firms in the US. Second, the inability of the market to price ESG factors results in imperfect information that creates problems for decision-making for investors and company leaders alike. Therefore, the study concludes that while ESG factors have been an important step in quantifying sustainability accountability in the market system, they nevertheless fall short in providing key sustainability data needed for decision making and are not reflected in market-based measures of firm performance. Therefore, in order for sustainability initiatives to be accounted for, they must be integrated within existing accounting systems and must require material disclosure of sustainability information.

Procurement has a key role in sustainability as policies and practices need to extend beyond organisations' boundaries incorporating their whole supply chains. Guidelines on sustainability encourage procurement to make decisions that encompass the environmental, economic and social elements of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). Taking a supply chain perspective, procurement also need to analyse how decisions impact on the TBL in respect of suppliers. The results of a survey of sustainable procurement practices in 44 English-based UK Housing Associations (HAs), who are responsible for the provision of social housing, confirms prior research of other sectors that suggests 1) a failure to overcome inertia in relation to sustainable procurement; and 2) in the few examples where practices have been established, only the environmental element of the TBL is considered. The organisations surveyed have sustainability-related issues in their missions and external and internal pressures to embed sustainability, yet this has not translated into widespread establishment of sustainable procurement. Recommendations to neutralise inertia are: firstly, take the experiences from other areas, e.g. innovation management, which stress the importance of inter-organisational relationships; secondly, develop a small number of sustainable development indicators for procurement and, to take advantage of the relatively more-advanced environmental practices to show how these elements have socio-economic impacts; and finally, rather than focus on just the pressures and drivers of sustainability (as suggested in strategic models of sustainability), emphasise the triggers that overcome inertia and lead to changes in behaviour amongst procurement staff i.e. the establishment of ethical pricing models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Sustainability should be a cross-cutting theme within the curriculum as a set of essentially attitudinal teaching contents that should become part of the activities proposed in all educational areas. Their incorporation means formalizing an education in values and attitudes not sporadically but constantly throughout each course. However, it is also a poorly understood term that needs to be correctly identified to carry out more effective actions within an educational institution. A topic is transversal if it is important for development and needs, for its success, many teachers from different areas to be involved in it. Therefore, the Universidad del Atlántico in Barranquilla, Colombia is committed to this multidisciplinary project. Three students from 15 classrooms from 3 different careers have been taken to carry out this educational project. This is an analytical observational study of qualitative nature, where the researchers simply attempt to systematically describe the characteristics of categories, and phenomena, then compare constructs and postulates generated from phenomena observed in research context, as well as to discover causal relationships, but avoid assuming a priori constructs or relationships. The general conclusion of the study is that there is a need to broaden the horizons of this study to a much wider population and not only to the educational sector.

As green marketing strategies become increasingly more important to firms adhering to a triple-bottom line performance evaluation, the present research seeks to better understand the role of “green” as a marketing strategy. Through an integration of the marketing, management, and operations literatures, an investigative framework is generated that identifies the various stakeholders potentially impacted through the environmentally friendly efforts of a firm. Specifically, the inter-connected nature of the core business disciplines of marketing, management (both strategy and human resources), and operations are examined as controllable functions within an organization from which strategies can be enacted to affect a firm’s stakeholders. The prior research in these areas is examined to identify potential research opportunities in marketing while also offering a series of representative research questions that can help guide future research in marketing.

One dominant framework sets the terms for almost all thinking today about questions of sustainability. Whether contemporary policy-makers are aware of it or not, this structure is the basis of the way that most practitioners and thinkers across the globe approach sustainability issues. The framework assumes that sustainability should be
understood in terms of three domains: the economy, the environment, and the social. These domains are said to relate to each other as three independent spheres of life. They are usually depicted visually as three pillars, as a Venn diagram of three intersecting circles, or as three nested concentric circles with the economy at the center. In each case their combined outcome is one of supposed sustainability.
Today, sustainability is a foundational concept for public administration, policy-making and political governance, and versions of this three-domain framework are everywhere in policy documents. Despite this prevalence, however, the framework is rarely interrogated in either an intensive or sustained way. By comparison, policy content is regularly examined for its potential impact on sustainability outcomes. Practices of sustainability are routinely evaluated for their consequences. And indicator sets are carefully formulated for assessing sustainability. At the same time, the frame for defining and operationalizing sustainability is usually left as an assumed set of categories: economy, environment (or ecology), and social (or society), with the economy usually striding out in front as the first among “equals.” In other words, economic considerations have become the center of almost all decision-making processes, and the economy (note the definite article “the” here denoting the singularity of the concept) is treated as central to the human condition, qualifying and providing a measure of comparison for everything else. In the late 1990s, a team of economists even set out to put an economic value on the world’s biosphere. This chapter sets out to provide a systematic critique of the dominant understanding of sustainability, and to develop a viable alternative.

Due to climatic changes across the globe, alignment of processes and products according to international environment standards is a rising concern for business stakeholders. Though this reform process to minimize environmental impact is occurring across different industries and countries but at a varying pace. Therefore, environmental management is still naïve and often compromised. If it is left unaddressed, it would lead to massive protests and social movements in future which will be messy to deal with, since climate change is occurring at an alarming pace. Moreover, the environmental consciousness is rising among masses, it is inevitable to deceive stakeholders for long time in this information era where controlling information is impossible. Corporate scandals and information/data leaks regarding greenwashing can lead to social protests and corporate defamation. Although in most of the countries environmental reporting is not a legal requirement however it is a societal requirement in different communities. Organizations use obfuscation eco-friendly claims, vague visual imagery, selective disclosure of corporate reports, and misleading communication modes to intentionally portray false environment-friendly claims of poor environmental performance to maintain positive social image by deceiving stakeholders. These symbolic strategic practices have stark difference with the real environmental impact. human resource managers and employees play significant role in developing and implementing such environment friendly organizational culture. Therefore, human resource function can facilitate by designing systems to build green organizational culture in organizations. In this research paper the pre-existing literature on green organizational culture in organizations is be reviewed, since in the last decade many researches were conducted on this issue. This review will give a holistic view of existing literature to the future researchers and will help them to identify research gap. Moreover, it will help practitioners and decision makers in knowing the advantages and disadvantages of green culture in organizations, so that they will understand whole impact of opting it.

In this study we suggest the implementation of a Sustainability Operating System (SOS) to a municipal waste management company (HYSACAM). Using a case study approach, we start with presenting existing sustainability groundworks currently in place within Hysacam. We follow our discussion with the rationale of implementing SOS, the Triple Bottom Line effect (TBL). My contribution in this paper is I proposed a framework of SOS applicable to Hysacam. The SOS I proposed could be tailored to fit any Municipal waste management company.

The sustainability in each industry has become the focus area in the organisation, including the food supply chain. The organisation is now focusing on company sustainability rather than an element of sustainability (Shoki et al, 2014). According to Thomas et al (2012), has defined the sustainable business is increasing in efficiency or reduce the consumption of funds without compromising the value of the item and services, competing with the profitability while supporting to save the environment.
The objective of this paper is to discuss and evaluate the sustainability of the business strategy for fast food industry especially Burger King. Additionally, this paper will be analysing the external and internal factor that impacts the sustainability of the business by using PESTEL, Porters model, value chain, SWOT, and TOWS. At the last part of the paper will be used SAFe criteria to evaluate and discuss further for the recommendation.

In the emerging realisation of the precariousness of the human condition an increasing urgency surrounds discussions of sustainability. Much of this urgency centres on attempts to find alternative paradigms for life on this planet. The dominant developmental paradigm currently assumes the centrality of modern, human-centred, market-driven, economic growth as the basis of human flourishing, marginally offset by ameliorative efforts to take the environment into account. Responses swirl through public discourse and practice. This chapter addresses two such alternative paradigms. The first is posthumanism, coming out of a critical postmodernism mixed with a new materialities discourse. The second is the Triple Bottom Line approach, much more conventional—hardly a paradigm break at all. Both these alternatives, it is argued, are fundamentally flawed. They both leave the dominant paradigm largely intact—the first because it caricatures what it is criticising and then allows a posthuman future of disassembled, fragmented, and technologized bodies/minds to become part of its contradictory alternative; the second because, in its utter pragmatism, it fails to actually challenge what should be the object of its critique: human-centred development based on the single bottom-line of profit. The essay introduces a further alternative, the Circles of Social Life approach, as one of a number of potentially viable ways of thinking through basic tensions.

Aim of paper: This paper explores how an entrepreneurial mindset can be developed using a South African case due to its complexities of high social challenges in a middle-income country. These complexities have restricted opportunities at which the social sector operates.
Methodology: Empirical research was used to collect research papers on social entrepreneurs, with reference to social entrepreneur (ship) in South Africa. A search using Scopus with key words social entrepreneur (ship) and ‘
South Africa yielded 63 documents. The core question was to determine how the development of the entrepreneurial mindset has been documented in South Africa 's social sector with specific reference to the non-profit sector to create social value.
Key findings: Developing an entrepreneurial mindset means influencing not only ways of thinking, skills and knowledge, but also a reflection through attitudes and an observable set of behavioural patterns.
Practical implications: The development of a conscious awareness that incorporates social and environmental issues and a contribution of Ubuntu principles with a combination of resources for a mix of innovation to target social needs.
Conclusion: A targeted educational curriculum (both at school and institutions of higher learning) is required to integrate entrepreneurial development with a social focus

Keywords: entrepreneurial mindset, social entrepreneurs, triple bottom line

Institutional investors are becoming ever more aware of the potential risks and opportunities associated with environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors. From natural resource scarcity to changing governance standards, from supply chain and labor management concerns to evolving regulatory landscapes, it has become increasingly important for socially responsible investment (SRI) professionals to understand the ESG profile behind the assets they are managing. Hence, the access to relevant, consistent, comparable, balanced and reliable ESG information has become a prerequisite for asset managers to take the right investment decisions.

The financial services market has responded to this need by producing specific ESG ratings, rankings and indices. These services serve asset managers of SRI portfolios with the analytical information they would need to assess the ESG performance, risks, and opportunities of assets-under-management (AUM).

The objective of this research paper is to examine the relevance of ESG ratings for SRI decisions from a market perspective and to identify the dynamics that affect the development of the ESG ratings industry in the future.

Summarizes the triple bottom line factors that make an ecolodge environmentally, socially and financially successful. EplerWood International studied the market for and business characteristics of ecolodges operating in developing countires in order to determine the key factors for business viability.

For the latest developments in my understanding see Australia's National Election in 2025; When Only Measurements Count, Heartlessness Tends to Replace Heartfulness, in Each Person, in Each Community, on Our Finite Planet, in Our Personal, Interpersonal, Social, and Ecological Emergencies; and Living within Our Various Personal, Inter-Personal, Social, and Ecological Emergencies: Heartfulness Mixed with Deep Heartache within Each Person within Each Community on Our Finite Shared Planet.

Accountability for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its societal challenges is undetermined, and it is unclear whether business or society should carry these responsibilities. Despite severe criticism from some, many organizations continue to invest in and promote CSR. The purpose of this multiple-case study was to increase the understanding of the phenomenon from the perspective of a purposeful sample of
participants who contribute to CSR execution and who were  representatives of the 10 organizations identified as active promoters. The participant corporations (case studies), in Europe and North America, were mainly in the telecommunications industry. Study data came from 11 face-to-face, semistructured interviews with chief executive officers (CEOs) and other CSR key participants, a review of corporate archival records, and a review of other sources regarding the effective implementation of CSR in these organizations. The conceptual framework consisted of Carroll’s constructs of CSR based on economic, legal, social, and discretionary elements. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the interview data and identify factors leading corporations to continue to engage in CSR. These factors were economic, social impact, legal compliance, or good reputation, sponsored by transformational or adaptive leaderships and endorsed by visionary CEOs. The findings may enlighten and motivate other
organizations to engage in CSR programs and connect stakeholders’ contribution to a broadened positive social change.

For the latest developments in my understanding see Australia's National Election in 2025; When Only Measurements Count, Heartlessness Tends to Replace Heartfulness, in Each Person, in Each Community, on Our Finite Planet, in Our Personal, Interpersonal, Social, and Ecological Emergencies; and Living within Our Various Personal, Inter-Personal, Social, and Ecological Emergencies: Heartfulness Mixed with Deep Heartache within Each Person within Each Community on Our Finite Shared Planet.

The effect of money laundering in frustrating legitimate business, and in corrupting the financial and socio political system should not be taken for granted. It is against this backdrop that this study seeks to examine the economic implication of money laundering in Nigeria. The accidental sampling method was used in the selection of 635 persons out of which 624 representing 98.27% of the sampled persons completely filled and returned the questionnaires administered to them. Data collected were analyzed using the simple percentages method, the first hypothesis was tested using the chi-square test and it was found that money laundering do have significant effect on Nigeria's economy with f-ratio of 476.163> f-critical of 12.592 at 0.05 level of significance with 6 degree of freedom, thus, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative was accepted. The ANOVA test on the second hypothesis confirms that Anti Money Laundering policies in Nigeria has not significantly reduce money laundering in Nigeria with f-ratio of 2.685 < f-critical of 5.987 at 0.05 level of significance with 1 to 6 degree of freedom, thus, the null hypothesis was accepted. The study recommends more effective coordination of all institutions on the fight against money laundering by the EFCC, and a full, effective and efficient investigation of corruption reports by the ICPC.