Tourism

Travel has a long association with the idea of transformation, both in terms of the self and social collectives. Some of the earliest surviving works of literature, such as The Epic of Gilgamesh ([eighteenth-tenth century BCE] 1972) and Homer's The Odyssey ([eighth century BCE] 2004), tell tales of individuals heading off on 'heroic' quests that would strip them of their worldly possessions, status and relationships, bringing them to the bare essentials of being and, consequently, transforming their thinking and behaviours. One need only scan the back-cover blurbs of the travel books at their local book store to see that this trope is still alive and well. Even if we consider pre-recorded history, archaeology and genetic science locate the origin of the human species in East Africa, our ancestors rising to their feet, spreading across the globe and forming diverse social structures and cultures in relationship with the unique contexts in which they found themselves. Physical mobility enabled these social groups to move, and interact, in various ways around the world -to varying degrees of distance, through different modes of travel and with divergent intentionsexploring, '(to name only a few limited and vague labels) across, and between, continents in processes that were undeniably transformative for both 'visitor' and 'visited'. Beyond individuals, these collective movements acted to alter and mark spaces, places, landscapes and ecosystems. And of course these places, in all their various stages of alteration, acted upon the individuals, collectives, minds, bodies, life-forms and objects moving through, engaging with and relocating to them, along with those inhabiting (whether 'temporarily' or 'permanently'), in varying ways. As such, our present selves, and social, cultural and ecological landscapes, are indelibly marked by, and entwined in, this complex history of human mobility.

This paper addresses the central guiding questions: "What principles of services management need urgent rethinking in Asian Century? What opportunities and challenges lie ahead?" The paper addresses this question from a psychological and customer perspective. Services managers are well-positioned and have a great future for two reasons. Firstly, services in general are the growing part of the global economy. Secondly, services managers provide the experiences required by increasingly affluent consumers. On the other hand, there is in general within the services sector a lack of knowledge and expertise in understanding the consumer psychology of hedonic consumption. Additionally, and especially in Western countries, there is lack of knowledge about the cultural differences in experiential requirements of Asian consumers. To address these issues this paper provides a review of relevant literature on hedonic consumption and related issues of emotion, attention, mental time travel, and importantly how these phenomena may be measured.

In recent years, resilience theory has come to occupy the core of our understanding and management of the adaptive capacity of people and places in complex social and environmental systems. Despite this, tourism scholars have been slow to adopt resilience concepts, at a time when the emergence of new frameworks and applications is pressing.

Drawing on original empirical and theoretical insights in resilience thinking, this book explores how tourism communities and economies respond to environmental changes, both fast (natural hazard disasters) and slow (incremental shifts). It explores how tourism places adapt, change, and sometimes transform (or not) in relation to their environmental context, with an awareness of intersection with societal dynamics and links to political, economic and social drivers of change. Contributions draw on empirical research conducted in a range of international settings, including indigenous communities, to explore the complexity and gradations of environmental change encounters and resilience planning responses in a range of tourism contexts.

As the first book to specifically focus on environmental change from a resilience perspective, this timely and original work makes a critical contribution to tourism studies, tourism management and environmental geography, as well as environmental sciences and development studies.

https://www.routledge.com/Tourism-Resilience-and-Adaptation-to-Environmental-Change/Lew-Cheer/p/book/9781138206793

(Please contact the authors if you have any questions).

: O presente artigo discute o uso do terroir e das Indicações Geográficas (IGs) na atividade turística. Ambos se configuram como estratégia para dar visibilidade a lugares e tornar produtos tradicionais em atrativos. Isso lhes confere um diferencial competitivo que oportuniza o desenvolvimento
de regiões. Trata-se de investigação exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e baseia-se no levantamento
de dados secundários e na revisão bibliográfica. Dentre os resultados obtidos constata-se que, no Brasil, o turismo enogastronômico apresenta-se como uma opção adequada para a utilização do terroir e das indicações geográficas na atividade turística. A quantidade de Indicações Geográficas brasileiras ainda é diminuta, bem como sua presença no turismo considerando que o uso do terroir e das indicações
geográficas é prática é recente no território brasileiro.

Özellikle 2000’li yıllarla birlikte ivme kazanan teknolojik gelişmeler ve küreselleşme dünyanın bütününe ulaşılabilirliği ve insanların seyahatlerine ayırdıkları zamanlarını arttırmıştır. Geçmişte uzak ve ulaşılmaz olarak görülen mesafelere günümüzde birden çok ulaşım aracıyla hızlı, konforlu ve güvenli bir biçimde ulaşılabilmektedir. Bu durum daha çok insanı seyahat etmeye ve turizme katılmaya yönlendirmektedir. Bu gelişmelerin sonucu olarak küresel ölçekte 2019 yılı itibariyle 1,4 milyar insanın katıldığı ve 1,7 trilyon dolar gelirin elde edildiği bir turizm pazarı oluşmuştur. Bu denli büyük bir pazardan daha çok pay almak isteyen ülkeler, bölgeler, kentler, köyler ve hatta kırsal alanlar yani destinasyon olarak adlandırılan bölgelerde yoğun bir rekabet ortamı ve turizm pazarlarında yer alma mücadelesi yaşanmaktadır. Artık dünyada kabul görmüş genel ölçütler bağlamında gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olarak kabul edilen ve hatta gelişim konusunda oldukça geri kalmış ülkeler bile hem genel ekonomik seviyelerinin yükseltilmesinde hem de dengeli gelişimlerinde ve gelir paylaşımlarında adaletin sağlanması hususunda turizmin ne denli önemli olduğunun bilincindedirler. Ülkeler genel olarak sadece isimleri ile bilinirliklerini artırma, marka olma ve turist sadakati oluşturma çabalarının ötesinde sahip olduğu tüm bölgeleri, kentleri ve yöreleri ile tanınma, bilinme ve marka olma isteğindedirler. Bu çerçevede sadece merkezi yönetimleri ile değil aynı zamanda yerel yönetimlerini, turizm bürolarını, politikacılarını ve hatta ulusal ve uluslararası tanınırlığı olan ünlülerini aktif olarak kullanarak pazarlama faaliyetlerini yürütmektedirler. Günümüzde genelden özele doğru ve detayların daha ön plana çıkarıldığı bir pazarlama ve satış süreci turizm pazarlarının ve destinasyonlarının öncelikli stratejilerini oluşturmaktadır. Çünkü diğer destinasyonlardan ayrışamayan, farklılıklarını ön plana çıkaramayan, var olan kaynaklarıyla yetinip alternatifler üretemeyen, potansiyellerini gerçekleştirmede başarısız olan, trendleri takip etme konusunda yetersiz kalan, altyapı ve üstyapı yatırımlarını tamamlayamayan destinasyonlar pazarda rekabet edememektedirler. Uygun kaynaklarla ve iyi analiz edilmiş makul hedeflerle oluşturulmuş, turistlerin kişisel ihtiyaçlarına, isteklerine ve beklentilerine de yanıt verebilen destinasyonlar ise yönetim ve pazarlama açısından başarıya ulaşmaktadırlar ve varlıklarını geleceğe taşıyabilmektedirler. Destinasyon pazarlamasında destinasyonun sahip olduğu tüm varlıkların ve değerlerin sunulması gerekmektedir. Ancak karmaşık ve çok bileşenli bir turistik ürün olan destinasyonların kendilerine özgü pazarlama güçlüklerinden dolayı uygun bir pazarlama karmasının oluşturulması, hizmet kalitesi ve turist memnuniyetinin sağlanması ve destinasyona olan sadakatin oluşturulabilmesi etkin ve sistemli bir pazarlama sürecini gerekli kılmaktadır.

Turismul în România a suferit schimbări considerabile în procesul de tranziţie spre economia de piaţă. Aceste modificări, însoţite de soluţiile neadecvate adoptate de autorităţi, au determinat o situaţie discordantă între ceea ce prezintă şi promovează Ministerul Turismului şi situaţia reală a industriei turismului şi a industriei hoteliere româneşti. Această situaţie a fost întreţinută şi de centralizarea precară sau eronată către Ministerul Turismului (MT)/ Autoritatea Naţională pentru Turism (ANT) a informaţiilor hotelierilor cu privire la hotelurile administrate, dar şi de slaba prelucrare a informaţiilor primite de către MT/ ANT, conducând la generarea unor informaţii eronate. Aceste date sunt practic inutile pentru oricare dintre categoriile de persoane interesate să afle mai multe cu privire la industria hotelieră românească şi cu atât mai mult pentru cei care doresc să le utilizeze ca punct de referinţă, în special în vederea deschiderii unor noi afaceri în domeniul ospitali...

Geomarketing allows geographical units to be defined with a certain degree of homogeneity in terms of tourists' preferences, behaviours, needs, expectations, purchase and consumption patterns and analogous attitudes. The result is a 'territorial segmentation' of tourists' demands in accordance with tourism areas' geographical characteristics. This study sought to examine the benefits and disadvantages of applying geomarketing to territorial segmentation of demand in coastal tourism areas. An empirical analysis was conducted of data on tourist accommodation establishments specialising in family tourism in Costa Adeje, Spain. The findings include that the tourist accommodation variable is essential to any successful segmentation process, including the micro-segmentation of coastal tourism areas. This variable facilitates the grouping of consumers with similar demands in a market based on shared needs, habits or attitudes and, from the supply side, on areas' characteristics. The latter territorial aspects are crucial to public and private decision-making processes. Thus, geomarketing is an ideal technique for understanding tourists. Resumen El geomarketing permite delimitar unidades geográficas con cierto grado de homogeneidad en cuanto a las preferencias, comportamientos, necesidades, conductas de compra, expectativas, patrones de consumo y actitudes análogas de los turistas. Así, agrupa a consumidores similares dentro de un mercado desde el punto de vista de la demanda, sino también de las características de la oferta. El resultado es la "segmentación territorial" de la demanda. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las potencialidades y debilidades de la aplicación del geomarketing en los procesos de segmentación territorial de la demanda en las áreas turísticas de litoral. Se presenta un análisis empírico de los hoteles especializados en turismo familiar en Costa Adeje (España). La principal conclusión es que es que las cualidades (categoría, tipología, etc.) de los alojamientos turísticos son esenciales en cualquier proceso de segmentación, e incluso, la microsegmentación de los turistas en las áreas turísticas de litoral. Ello convierte al geomarketing en una metodología y una técnica adecuada para comprender a los turistas. Palabras clave: Área turística de litoral, comportamiento del consumidor, geomarketing, segmentación territorial, turismo familiar.

In recent decades, several waves of studies on tourism have considered its potential role in generating economic development. This objective is often operationalized by attempting to measure the effect of a number of tourism-related variables on GDP or other economic outcomes. In other words, a so-called “tourism-led growth hypothesis” (TLGH) is tested. Most studies in this line of research focus on single countries or even destinations, building on rather specific case studies or on a limited number of observations. On the other hand, other studies present evidence for groups of countries, aiming at generating generalizable findings. Several different methods are employed for this purpose, going from standard time series and Granger causality approaches to advanced dynamic panel data models. Only few papers have till now tried to reconcile the results from such different approaches and case studies, either qualitatively in the form of reviews, or quantitatively by means of meta-analysis (the only available contribution in this case being the one by Castro-Nuño et al., 2013, Journal of Travel Research). This paper aims to provide an overall assessment of a large sample of almost 100 studies on the TLGH published over the last thirty years and their respective findings. We do so by first providing a detailed literature review, and by subsequently carrying out a set of meta-analytical regressions. In particular, we focus on the different dimensions by which studies vary, such as the year of publication, the type of database used, country of application, period considered, econometric method employed and more. In addition, we control for the different possible variables used as indicators of economic outcome as well as to measure tourism demand (e.g., in this case, tourism receipts, tourism expenditure, tourist arrivals).