Threatened Species Conservation

This corridor between Jigme Dorji National Park and Jigme Khesar Strict Nature Reserve is part of the biological corridor network in the country. The corridor is 30 kilometers in length and has an area of 149 sq.km. The survey for preparation of the management plan for Biological Corridor-01 was carried out for duration of 6 months (June 2016-December 2016). During the survey, record on the presence-absence of mammals, birds and different vegetation type their distribution as well as social surveys under two gewogs of Tsento under Paro dzongkhag and Bjee under Haa Dzongkhag were carried out. Transect walk of 51 km was done with layout of 33
permanent plots and 14 camera trap locations. Information on small and large mammals were gathered along transect and plots which are distributed at uniform distance (250 m) and vegetation type. For birds, 20-20 species listing method was adopted. Socio-economic status under two gewogs was carried through door to door survey and public consultations. The survey covered 60% households under Tsento gewog and 20% households under Bjee gewog.Mammal survey detected evidences of 20 different species including endangered species like Tiger, Snow Leopard, Musk Deer and wild dogs. The camera trap evidence showed that the biological corridor is being used by many key species like Tigers, Snow Leopard and lesser known cats like Asiatic golden cats. Through the survey it was also confirmed that the corridor is
being used by Takin as summer grazing ground. Avian fauna survey recorded a total of 51 bird species. Records from present and past surveys showed that the corridor was home to around 178 bird species. The corridor is found as an important habitat for vulnerable bird species like Gallinago nemoricola (Woodsnipe) and totally protected bird species under FNCA, 2006 the Lophophorus impejanus (Himalayan Monal). Globally near threatened bird species like Tragopan satyra (Satyr Tragopan) was also recorded during the current survey. The presence of restricted range bird species like Actinodura nipalensis (Hoary-throated Barwing) and significant and rare birds like Lerwa lerwa (Snow Partridge) was also recorded from the past survey. A total of 20 tree species, 41 shrubs spp, 93 herb spp, 4 climber spp, 6 fern spp and 8 orchid spp
were recorded. From the recorded floral listings, 71 medicinal plants were identified. Cluster analysis of tree species with an arbitrary similarity index at 75% threshold generated 5 different forest types, namely Blue pine and Oak forests, Mixed broadleaf with conifer forests, mixed conifer forests, Fir and Rhododendron forests, and Juniper and Rhododendron forests. Tsento Gewog under Paro dzongkhag is constituted by 5 Chiwogs and 18 villages with 905 households. The population of the gewog as per Population and housing census report (2017) was 5,946 people. Bjee gewog comprised of 9 chiwogs and 25 villages with a total of 279 households. The population of the gewog is estimated at 3230 people. The main occupation of the people in both the gewogs is agriculture followed by livestock rearing.

Although evidence‐based approaches have become commonplace for determining the success of conservation measures for the management of threatened taxa, there are no standard metrics for assessing progress in research or management. We developed 5 metrics to meet this need for threatened taxa and to quantify the need for further action and effective alleviation of threats. These metrics (research need, research achievement, management need, management achievement, and percent threat reduction) can be aggregated to examine trends for an individual taxon or for threats across multiple taxa. We tested the utility of these metrics by applying them to Australian threatened birds, which appears to be the first time that progress in research and management of threats has been assessed for all threatened taxa in a faunal group at a continental scale. Some research has been conducted on nearly three‐quarters of known threats to taxa, and there is a clear understanding of how to alleviate nearl...

Length-frequency distributions, length-weight relationships, length-length relationships and condition factors (Fulton's K F , allometric K A , and relative K R ) of Arius gigas in the Obuama Creek in Rivers State, Nigeria were investigated. 217 samples were collected from artisanal fishermen fishing on the Obuama Creek from March to September 2019. The parameter b of the length-weight relationship was 2.52 indicating negative allometric growth. The KF ranged from 0.51 to 2.03 with a mean value of 0.85 ± 0 while the overall low values of K R and K A in this study are generally a characteristic of fish in poor health. This study provides basic information on some of the biological features of A. gigas which should be useful for facilitating management strategies and regulations of the stocks. Quelques aspects des caractéristiques de croissance et du facteur de condition d՚Arius gigas (Boulenger, 1911) d՚Obuama Creek (État de la Rivière, Nigéria). Les distributions de fréquence de longueur, les relations longueur-poids, les relations longueur-longueur et les facteurs de condition (KF de Fulton, KA allométrique et relatif, KR) d'Arius gigas dans le ruisseau Obuama dans l'État de la Rivère, au Nigeria, ont été étudiés. De mars à septembre 2019, 217 échantillons ont été prélevés avec l'aide des pêcheurs artisanaux qui pêchent dans le ruisseau Obuama. Le paramètre b de la relation longueurpoids était de 2,52 indiquant une croissance allométrique négative. Le KF variait de 0,51 à 2,03 avec une valeur moyenne de 0,85 ± 0, tandis que les valeurs globales et faibles de KR et de KA dans cette étude sont généralement caractéristiques des poissons en mauvaise santé. Cette étude fournit des renseignements de base sur certaines des caractéristiques biologiques de l'A. gigas qui devraient être utiles pour faciliter les stratégies de gestion et la réglementation des stocks. REZUMAT: Unele aspecte ale caracteristicilor de dezvoltare și indicele ponderal la Arius gigas (Boulenger, 1911) din Pârâul Obuama (Statul Râurilor, Nigeria). Distribuțiile lungime-frecvență, relațiile lungime-greutate, relațiile lungime-lungime și factorii de condiție (K F al lui Fulton, K A alometric și relativ K R ) ai lui Arius gigas în Pârâul Obuama din Statul Râurilor, Nigeria au fost investigați. 217 probe au fost colectate de la pescari artizanali care își desfășoară activitatea în Pârâul Obuama în martie-septembrie 2019. Parametrul b al relației lungime-greutate a fost de 2.52 indicând o creștere alometrică negativă. K F a variat de la 0.51 la 2.03, cu o valoare medie de 0.85 ± 0, iar valorile globale scăzute ale K R și K A din acest studiu sunt, în general, caracteristice peștilor cu o sănătate precară. Acest studiu oferă informații de bază cu privire la unele dintre caracteristicile biologice ale A. gigas, care trebuie să fie utile pentru facilitarea strategiilor de gestionare și reglementare a stocurilor.

Background: Background: Studies on length-weight relationships and associated aspects like length frequency distribution, sex ratio and condition factors are of paramount importance for sustainable management and conservation of concerned fish species. This study was undertaken keeping in view the lack of such relevant fisheries information on Nandus nandus, a commercially important fish species from this region whose natural population has been declining considerably over the years. Aim Aim: This study was carried out to ascertain and describe the sex ratio, length-frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs) as well as condition factors of Nandus nandus and their seasonal variation from the floodplain wetlands of upper Brahmaputra basin, Assam. Materials and Methods: Materials and Methods: A total of 517 specimens of Nandus nandus were collected randomly between January, 2023 and May, 2024. The sex ratio was expressed as number of females divided by the number of males while length-frequency distributions were done following standard method. The LWR is determined by using the formula W= aL b and the equation Log W= Log a + b Log L (LeCren, 1951). Relative condition factor (Kn) and Fulton's condition factor (K) was calculated using the formula Kn= W/aL b and K=100W/L 3 , respectively. All the recorded data were presented seasonally and statistically analyzed using standard methods. Results: Results: Observations on LFDs suggest no significant size differences between the sexes; 10-12 cm being the most dominant length group of the species. The species has a female dominant population; the females significantly outnumbered the males in all the seasons except pre-monsoon. The relationships between total length and total weight are found to be highly significant (P<0.01) and showed positive allometric growth for the species with exception in winter. The calculated b values ranged from 2.961 (post-monsoon) to 4.124 (winter) for males and from 3.101 (winter) to 3.538 (postmonsoon) for females. Calculated mean Kn value ranges between 1.00 and 1.07 with minimum seasonal variation for both the sexes while mean K value is found to be slightly higher in females than males for most part of the study. Conclusion: Conclusion: The findings of the present study pertaining to sex ratio, LFDs, LWRs as well as condition factors would serve as basic information towards better understanding of the biology of Nandus nandus to other workers from this region entailing further research in associated aspects of fisheries for this species.

Background: Background: Studies on length-weight relationships and associated aspects like length frequency distribution, sex ratio and condition factors are of paramount importance for sustainable management and conservation of concerned fish species. This study was undertaken keeping in view the lack of such relevant fisheries information on Nandus nandus, a commercially important fish species from this region whose natural population has been declining considerably over the years. Aim Aim: This study was carried out to ascertain and describe the sex ratio, length-frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs) as well as condition factors of Nandus nandus and their seasonal variation from the floodplain wetlands of upper Brahmaputra basin, Assam. Materials and Methods: Materials and Methods: A total of 517 specimens of Nandus nandus were collected randomly between January, 2023 and May, 2024. The sex ratio was expressed as number of females divided by the number of males while length-frequency distributions were done following standard method. The LWR is determined by using the formula W= aL b and the equation Log W= Log a + b Log L (LeCren, 1951). Relative condition factor (Kn) and Fulton's condition factor (K) was calculated using the formula Kn= W/aL b and K=100W/L 3 , respectively. All the recorded data were presented seasonally and statistically analyzed using standard methods. Results: Results: Observations on LFDs suggest no significant size differences between the sexes; 10-12 cm being the most dominant length group of the species. The species has a female dominant population; the females significantly outnumbered the males in all the seasons except pre-monsoon. The relationships between total length and total weight are found to be highly significant (P<0.01) and showed positive allometric growth for the species with exception in winter. The calculated b values ranged from 2.961 (post-monsoon) to 4.124 (winter) for males and from 3.101 (winter) to 3.538 (postmonsoon) for females. Calculated mean Kn value ranges between 1.00 and 1.07 with minimum seasonal variation for both the sexes while mean K value is found to be slightly higher in females than males for most part of the study. Conclusion: Conclusion: The findings of the present study pertaining to sex ratio, LFDs, LWRs as well as condition factors would serve as basic information towards better understanding of the biology of Nandus nandus to other workers from this region entailing further research in associated aspects of fisheries for this species.

Olga (92) ist nach Turgi gezogen, da ihre Tochter hier lebt. Obwohl ihre Sehkraft reduziert ist, möchte sie ihre Umgebung aktiv geniessen. Oft sind es Kleinigkeiten, die dazu beitragen, alle Menschen am öffentlichen Leben teilhaben zu lassen. Frühzeitig eingeplant, sind gute Lösungen möglich und kostengünstig. Sind Wege und Zugänge barrierefrei, bleibt es für ältere Menschen lange möglich, Besorgungen zu machen und sich zu treffen. Nicht nur für sie: Rampen statt Treppen sind auch für Eltern mit Kinderwagen ein Segen! 4, 5 Juri (4) kommt bald in den Kindergarten. Den Weg zur Kita kennt er auswendig. Er ist immer in Begleitung eines Elternteils und seines Trottinetts. Erlebnis-und Lernraum Der allein zurückgelegte Kindergarten-und Schulweg ist mehr als nur die Verbindung zwischen zu Hause und der Schule: Hier erwerben Kinder wichtige Fähigkeiten, sie gewinnen an Mobilität und Selbstständigkeit. Ein vielfältiges Wohnumfeld, das zum Spielen und Entdecken einlädt, unterstützt ihre Entwicklung ebenso. 2, 3 Alisa (27) studiert an der Fachhochschule in Brugg-Windisch. Die Zeit zwischen den Vorlesungen verbringt sie häufig im öffentlichen Raum rund um den Campus. Verweilen Jede Aargauerin und jeder Aargauer geht täglich im Durchschnitt eine halbe Stunde zu Fuss. Doch der öffentliche Raum wird nicht nur durchquert, er lädt auch zum Verweilen ein. Ist er nutzerfreundlich gestaltet, finden viel mehr Aktivitäten statt. Mit den längeren Aufenthaltszeiten steigt auch die Chance für soziale Interaktionenetwas, was viele an mediterranen Plätzen bestaunen. 8, 9 Erlin (14) geht zwei Mal in der Woche in den Jugendtreff von Unterkulm. Der Aussenraum ist immer nutzbar, weil es überdachte Bereiche zum «Chillen» gibt.

Recent  Introduction  of  the  African  Cheetah  in  India  is  more  emotion  than  ecology.  These  are  still kept  in  the  enclosure,  and  served  meat  than  let  them  hunt.  We  find  following  gap  in  this  inter-continental  animal transfer-1)  Cheetah  mainly dwell  or hunt  in the plains savanna habitat and not hill forests of the Kuno National Park (KNP), 2) Cheetah mainly hunt on antelopes (weight< 50 kg) that are rare at Kuno and not on Chital (Spotted deer, weight > 60 kg) prevailing at Kuno, 3) Hares, Pigs  and  small  livestock  such  as  sheep,  goat    make  30%  the  Cheetah  diet  in  Africa  but  ignored/ excluded at Kuno, making it unviable. The imported Cheetah yet await release into the wild due to the risk of prey deficit, pathogens and depredation by Tiger, Leopard, Hyena etc.  About 8 i.e. 40% of the 20 Cheetah imported have died, similar  to the  translocations success rate within Africa. We suggest  (1)  exploring  grassland  prevalent  sanctuaries  in  Gujarat-Rajasthan  states  (2)  release Chinkara (Indian Gazelle),  pigs, barking deer, wild boars and hares as prey in the wildlife reserve, not  just  Chital,  (3)  permit  low  human  disturbance  and  grasslands  in  KP  &  surroundings,  including livestock,  (4)  develop  Savanna  corridors  and  network  management  of  wildlife  reserves  adjoining Kuno (Madhav, Gandhisagar, Ranthambor, Kailadevi) or farther (Tal Chhaper WLS, Churu district & Jaroda closed area, Nagaur district) as the later report multiple times antelope density than KNP.

Trends in abundance and changes in the distribution of the Northeast Europe/ Northwest Europe Bewick’s Swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii population have been studied in detail since the second half of the 20th century, but much less is known about the Northwestern Siberia/Caspian population which was estimated at 1,000– 1,500 individuals at the turn of the century. Here, we describe the results of the first species-specific mid-winter International Bewick’s Swan Census (IBSC) covering the East Mediterranean to Central Asia, made in January 2020. We also use longer-term data collated by Wetlands International through the annual International Waterbird Census (IWC) programme to construct trends in wintering numbers in the region. Results from the IBSC and IWC both showed a marked increase in population size for the Northwestern Siberia/Caspian Bewick’s Swans over the past two decades. A total of 6,819 was recorded during the IBSC and there was a five-year mean of 9,111 ± 4,300 swans reported to the IWC (for the years 2018–2022) with a peak count of 13,775 in 2019. An aerial survey of the Volga Delta in the northern Caspian Sea in 2020, rarely covered because of the logistical difficulties of carrying out mid-winter counts in the region, found an estimated 551 Bewick’s Swans wintering at the site. There was marked annual variation in the IWC counts recorded from 2017 onwards, although the reasons for these fluctuations remain unknown. Trends analysis suggested a slow increase over time from 2000–2015, followed by a period of rapid increase during 2015–2017, then a weak decline in 2017–2022. Given that the IBSC and the IWC have provided totals of > 6,000 Bewick’s Swans in five of the last six years, however, we propose that the new population estimate should be increased to 6,000–13,000 birds, pending further comprehensive surveys of the whole region.

The Philippines ranks second in terms of number of threatened endemic birds in the world (Stattersfield et al. 1998, Collar et al. 1999, Mallari et al. 2001). Many of these endemic and threatened birds are restricted to one island or a group of islands. Among the islands where a number of endemic birds are threatened is Mindanao. Mindanao was once part of the Greater Mindanao Pleistocene Island some 20,000 years ago, when the sea-level dropped up to 120 m below its current levels, thereby connecting the islands of Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Dinagat, Siargao, Mindanao and Basilan (Heaney 1993, Heaney et al. 1998, 2000). Interestingly, however, the western part of Mindanao, the Zamboanga Peninsula, differs from the rest of the island by having an endemic species of its own: the Zamboanga Bulbul Ixos rufigularis. Despite the importance of the Zamboanga Peninsula in terms of presence of restricted-range and endemic species, very few studies have been conducted in the area. Most of the availab...

Population demographics for amphibian larvae are rarely estimated due to marking technique limitations on small body size, morphological change (metamorphosis), and the associated habitat changes (aquatic to terrestrial environments). A technique that may meet some of these limitations is visible implant elastomer (VIE) tagging. In this study, we report on the efficacy of VIE tagging a tree frog (Hylidae) at the tadpole stage for cohort identification across metamorphosis to the adult stage, in a field environment. During our preliminary captive trial, post-metamorphosis tag retention was 100% over three months, with no adverse effects observed on survival, growth or time to metamorphosis. During our field study tag retention in recaptured Litoria aurea was 95% for tadpoles and 88% across metamorphosis. By 200 days post-tagging, retention declined to 75% in the adult stage and stabilised around 50% by 300 days. Post metamorphosis the retention rate was less reliable and dependent upon sex and life-stage. Females showed the highest retention rate (max. 62%, 760 days post tagging), followed by juveniles (max. 45%, 400 days post tagging) and males (max. 20%, 760 days post tagging). We conclude that VIE tagging is a viable method for studying cohort larval movements and population demographics of amphibians up to a 50 day postmetamorphosis stage.

African lion (Panthera leo) populations in East Africa are decreasing. The biggest threat being the human-lion conflict caused by habitat loss and fragmentation, which end up making most protected areas too small to sustain the widely roaming large carnivores. In this research we investigated the population of lions in Tarangire National Park mainly focusing on ecological characteristics such as home ranges and movement patterns. We determined home range and movement patterns for six prides using data obtained from the Radio and GPS collars. These ecological data were compared between wet and dry season and between different prides. Home ranges were large ranging from 52 Km 2 to 616 Km 2 with an average of 209 Km 2 (Standard error 90.8990) and extensively overlap. Home ranges were largest in wet season and the smallest in the dry season. Movement was smallest in the dry season and large during the wet season due to migration of prey species particularly Zebra and Wildebeest.

This paper illuminates a variety of issues that speak to the question of whether 'captivity for conservation' can be an ethically acceptable goal of the modern zoo. Reflecting on both theoretical disagreements (animal protectionists vs. wildlife conservationists) and practical challenges (the small percentage of endangered species actually exhibited in zoos, disappointing success of reintroduction programs), the paper explains why the 'Noah's Ark' paradigm is being replaced by an alternative 'integrated approach.' It explores the changes in the zoo's core tasks that the new paradigm implies. And it pays special attention to the changes that would have to be made in zoos' collection policies: connection with in situ projects, emphasizing local species and the local biogeographical region, exchange of animals among zoos and between zoos and wildlife, and a shift towards smaller species. Finally the question will be addressed whether the new paradigm will achieve a morally acceptable balance between animal welfare costs and species conservation benefits.

Autores y co-autores de capítulos Anexos 1. Materiales y métodos 2. Consideraciones para la toma de muestras en campo 3. Medidas referenciales de cráneos y mandíbulas de marsupiales, lagomorfos y roedores 4. Identificación morfológica y comportamiento social de quirópteros 5. Referencias bibliográficas y literatura comparada 6. Claves de flujo y cómo citar esta guía

Tree diversity in Asia's tropical and subtropical forests is central to nature-based solutions. Species vulnerability to multiple threats, which affect provision of ecosystem services, is poorly understood. We conducted a region-wide, spatially explicit assessment of the

Anthropogenic threats impacting ecological targets should be mitigated and solved using fast and schematic tools useful in conservation strategies. Herein, we suggest a mixed and quick
approach implementing coarse-grained (and expert-based) threat analysis with the fine-grained (and analytical) DPSIR (driving forces, pressure, status, impact, and response) framework of indicators,
all included in a single causal chain. Both approaches are largely used in conservation but never combined. A simulated example of the application of the set of indicators (status, pressure, impact,
and response) on dune ecosystems (and nested targets represented by halo-psammophilous plants) has been included. Due to its schematic format, values as targets, pressures as threats, and responses
as conservation strategies have been unified in a single conceptual framework. This synthetic framework can also be used to communicate to academic students the complexities of socio-ecological systems on the conservation front lines using a simplified cause–effect chain.

Eleven trawling operations were carried out in Mersin Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea) between September 2017 and November 2018 as part of establishment of the museum of the Systematic and 102 species belonging to 66 families of 20 orders were identified. They were listed on the museum list (MEUFC-17-11-001-MEUFC-18-11-102). These species were preserved in 4% formalin and was deposited in the Museum of the Systematic, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University. The majority of species (~%54) belong to the order of the Perciformes. The other orders: Tetradontiformes (~%7) > Scorpaeniformes (~%5) > Mugiliformes = Pleuronectiformes = Carcharhiniformes = Myliobatiformes = Syngnathiformes = Anguilliformes = Squaliformes (~%3) > Clupeiformes = Rajiformes = Beloniformes (~%2) > Torpediniformes = Hexanchiformes = Rhinopristiformes = Squatiniformes = Zeiformes = Beryciformes = Aulopiformes (~%1). While 61% of the species are Atlanto-Mediterranean, 28 % of the species are Indo-Pacific. Few species were cosmopolitan (9%) and tropical originated species (2%).

Eleven trawling operations were carried out in Mersin Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea) between September 2017 and November 2018 as part of the museum of the Systematic. In this study, 102 fish species belonging to 66 families of 20 orders were sampled. They were listed on the museum catalogue (MEUFC-17-11-001-MEUFC-18-11-102). These species were preserved in 4% formalin and was deposited in the Museum of the Systematic, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University. The majority of species (~%54) belong to the order of the Perciformes. The other orders: Tetradontiformes (~%7) &gt; Scorpaeniformes (~%5) &gt; Mugiliformes = Pleuronectiformes = Carcharhiniformes = Myliobatiformes = Syngnathiformes = Anguilliformes = Squaliformes (~%3) &gt; Clupeiformes = Rajiformes = Beloniformes (~%2) &gt; Torpediniformes = Hexanchiformes = Rhinopristiformes = Squatiniformes = Zeiformes = Beryciformes = Aulopiformes (~%1). While 61% of the species are Atlanto-Mediterranean, 28 % of the species are Indo-...

Wild animals are captured or taken opportunistically, and the meat, body parts, and/or eggs are consumed for local subsistence or used for traditional purposes to some extent across most of the world, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. The consumption of aquatic animals is widespread, in some places has been sustained for millennia, and can be an important source of nutrition, income, and cultural identity to communities. Yet, economic opportunities to exploit wildlife at higher levels have led to unsustainable exploitation of some species. In the literature, there has been limited focus on the exploitation of aquatic non-fish animals for food and other purposes. Understanding the scope and potential threat of aquatic wild meat exploitation is an important first step toward appropriate inclusion on the international policy and conservation management agenda. Here, we conduct a review of the literature, and present an overview of the contemporary use of aquatic megafauna (ce...

Megaleporinus obtusidens and M. macrocephalus were known to be the only representatives of the genus in Argentina and the former was also the only species recorded from the Paraná river in the country. Recent collection campaigns at Paraná River in Argentina allowed us to identify for the first time the presence of Megaleporinus piavussu.

Ecosystem services (ES) are the bridge between nature and society, and are essential elements of any community&#39;s wellbeing. Australia is a place of diverse climates with a narrow band of wet tropics in Far North Queensland. The Wet Tropics is environmentally diverse, iconic in biodiversity, and supplies numerous ES influencing community wellbeing of this region, Australian national economy, and global climate change mitigation efforts. However ES in the Wet Tropics have rarely been assessed. We dealt with two questions: i) how are ES spatially distributed across the Wet Tropics, ii) where are the hot spots of ES production. We have classified the Wet Tropics forests into four types: coastal eucalypt forests and wood lands, coastal rainforests, eucalypts hills and ranges, and wet highland rainforests. Vegetation data metrics have been collected from 70 plots of 0.05 ha each located from coast to more than 1000m above msl. We have spatially assessed the ES in these forest types. W...

The tropics harbour the highest species number on Earth, making them critical hotspots of biodiversity. However, there is an increased extinction risk towards the tropics, aka the tropical biodiversity crisis. Today, biodiversity loss is considered the main threat humanity faces. Yet, key locations may act as refugia (areas that ensure the persistence of biodiversity under environmental changes). Here, we used a set of five environmental variables (elevation, maximum temperature of the warmest month, temperature annual range, annual precipitation, and the human footprint index) to quantify the main drivers of extinction risk inside and outside protected areas for 7609 species of terrestrial animals and vascular plants distributed across Mexico. We used ordinal logistic regressions to assess drivers of extinction risk, as defined by the IUCN Red List, and evaluate the impact of the existing network of protected areas across Mexico to lower this risk. Outside protected areas, extinction risk was the highest for mammals and the lowest for reptiles. Protected areas had a positive impact by lowering the extinction risk of birds compared to outside these areas, while the opposite was observed for mammals, reptiles, vascular plants, amphibians, and arthropods. Extinction risk was greater in regions with high annual precipitation, high maximum temperature of the warmest month, low temperature annual range, as well as in areas with high elevations and human pressures on the environement. The network of protected areas in Mexico is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity; however, this network requires revision that accounts for climate change scenarios to better protect regions facing the greatest risks.

Unser herzlicher Dank geht an Elisabeth Clément-Arnold (Bundesamt für Raumentwicklung), Martina Mittelholzer (Bundesamt für wirtschaftliche Landesversorgung), Anton Stübi (Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft), Simon Richoz (Bau-und Raumplanungsamt des Kantons Freiburg), Adrian von Niederhäusern (Landwirtschaftliches Institut des Kantons Freiburg), Dominique Robyr Soguel und Anne Babey (Service cantonal neuchâtelois de l'aménagement du territoire), Yves Cordonier (Dienststelle für Raumentwicklung des Kantons Wallis), Véronique Bovey Diagne (Service cantonal vaudois du développement territorial), Vassilis Venizelos (Office genevois de l'urbanisme), Raphaël Macchi (Service cantonal jurassien du développement territorial),

This paper illuminates a variety of issues that speak to the question of whether 'captivity for conservation' can be an ethically acceptable goal of the modern zoo. Reflecting on both theoretical disagreements (animal protectionists vs. wildlife conservationists) and practical challenges (the small percentage of endangered species actually exhibited in zoos, disappointing success of reintroduction programs), the paper explains why the 'Noah's Ark' paradigm is being replaced by an alternative 'integrated approach.' It explores the changes in the zoo's core tasks that the new paradigm implies. And it pays special attention to the changes that would have to be made in zoos' collection policies: connection with in situ projects, emphasizing local species and the local biogeographical region, exchange of animals among zoos and between zoos and wildlife, and a shift towards smaller species. Finally the question will be addressed whether the new paradigm will achieve a morally acceptable balance between animal welfare costs and species conservation benefits.

This nearshore, reef-associated species of damselfish is endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Its maximum estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 57,867 km2 and maximum area of occupancy (AOO) is smaller than 2,000 km2. Apparently, it underwent a severe decline following the 1982–1983 El Niño event, which caused greatly increased sea temperatures, severe plankton declines (the food source of this species) and adversely affected Galápagos marine fauna in general. The last sighting of this fish was in 1983, which is greater than three generations ago.
Though there have been numerous fish and nearshore scientific surveys conducted throughout the Galápagos on an annual basis within the habitat and sites where this species was previously observed, none of these expert-level surveys searched exclusively for Azurina eupalama. As such, there is some doubt that survey work has been adequate to detect the species or to conclusively document its absence. Though this species has undergone a severe decline, there is a small possibility that the species has gone undetected or that it has moved to a different environment thus targeted scientific survey work is needed prior to meeting the requirements for a listing of Extinct. This species is listed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) C2a(ii); D as there is reasonable evidence that it is likely to be extinct, but there is a small chance it may be extant, and it is implied that the estimated population size is fewer than 250 mature individuals and 90–100% of these individuals are in one subpopulation.
Date last seen: 1983

Monitorear especies amenazadas no es fácil, pues los protocolos deben de ser ajustados considerando la baja detectabilidad de la especie. En este estudio, proponemos modelos de ocupación con cámaras trampa para monitorear al Paujil del Sira, un Cracido endemico de un bosque montano en Peru.

Local ecological knowledge provides novel, detailed and context-specific information about human and nonhuman use of marine ecosystems, therefore incorporating this knowledge into marine conservation planning is crucial. Participatory mapping offers an opportunity to include local knowledge in spatial planning for natural resource management. However, local knowledge presents certain challenges in the form of data inconsistencies, fuzziness, and inability to disaggregate different types and formats of knowledge. Using the case of fisheries in southern Maharashtra state, India, I demonstrate how local ecological knowledge may be used to improve the understanding of data-poor fisheries. In the context of fisheries that are globally recognised as lacking management, I examine how local ecological and spatial knowledge about species and fishing practices can be used to fill fine-scale management gaps that do not account for context-specific habitat use. I also explore how fishers'spatial knowledge is intertwined with other forms of local knowledge. The participatory mapping exercise demonstrates that although fishing communities do not profess to be interested in threatened marine species conservation, their spatial and customary fishing practices potentially align with conservation goals. Clear synergies between livelihoods and marine conservation emerge when using local ecological knowledge along with participatory mapping. This research demonstrates that successful fisheries management and marine conservation planning is possible using existing social, cultural practices, translated through geographic tools.

Harvesting of orchids for medicine and salep production is a traditional practice, and increasing market demand is spurring illegal harvest. Ethno‐ecological studies in combination with the effect of anthropogenic disturbance are lacking for orchids. We compared population density and structure, and tuber biomass of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó for three years in two sites: Manang, where harvesting of medicinal plants was locally regulated (protected), and Darchula, where harvesting was locally unregulated (unprotected). Six populations were studied along an elevation gradient by establishing 144 temporary plots (3 × 3 m2) from 3,400 to 4,600 m elevations. Mean density of D. hatagirea was significantly higher in the locally protected (1.31 ± 0.17 plants/m2) than in the unprotected (0.72 ± 0.06 plants/m2) site. The protected site showed stable population density with high reproductive fitness and tuber biomass over the three‐year period. A significant negative effect (p &lt; ....

In preparation for the IUCN Redlist Assessment for the fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, we have reviewed
the literature to date and surveyed the observations of the various experts and naturalists most familiar with the
region. Using this information, we have assembled a list of fishes know to occur on the islands (Table 1). We
define the area as the islands and adjoining shelf slope to the abyssal region, and evaluate whether each species
comprises a resident population or is a vagrant (likely not to be a self-recruiting population). We consider species
that are limited to the islands as endemics, notwithstanding vagrant reports at adjacent areas (e.g. the well-known
red-lipped batfish Ogcocephalus darwini).
The listing is a continuing project and the database of accumulated records, evidence, citations, information,
and justifications will be regularly archived now and in future at the Zenodo archive (www.zenodo.org). The data
are an accumulation and critical evaluation of published literature, as well as online sources of museum records
(www.vertnet.org; www.fishnet2.org; Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes at www.researcharchive.calacademy.org/
research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp), databases of museum and observational records (www.fishbase.
net; www.obis.org; SFTEP Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific at www.biogeodb.stri.si.edu/caribbean/en/
pages), databases of DNA-sequence records (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; www.boldsystems.org), and online sources
of photographic evidence, such as www.inaturalist.org and a variety of commercial photography platforms.
The present list, arranged in taxonomic order following Catalog of Fishes, includes 644 species of fishes,
with 56 in Chondrichthyes and 576 bony fishes. Of the total, 66 are considered vagrants, many of which are Indo-
Pacific coral reef species that are sporadic or even single records. There are 37 documented endemic species, including some reef species with relatively short larval lives, such as blennioids, gobioids, and haemulids.

Zusammenfassung Viele Agglomerationsräume stehen nach wie vor unter Siedlungsdruck und sind dementsprechend mit anhaltender Bodenversiegelung konfrontiert. Die Sicherung städtischer und stadtnaher Grünflächen gilt daher weiterhin als zentrale Planungsaufgabe, wobei die Etablierung von Grüngürteln als Lösungsansatz fungieren kann. Anhand von fünf erfolgreichen Fallbeispielen im deutschsprachigen Raum wurde die Effektivität des Grüngürtelkonzeptes als Bodenschutzinstrument analysiert. Die für einen wirksamen quantitativen und qualitativen Bodenschutz erforderlichen Voraussetzungen werden im vorliegenden Beitrag diskutiert. Summary Many agglomerations are still facing settlement pressure and high rates of soil sealing. In order to regulate urban sprawl and to preserve urban and suburban green space, green belts can be implemented. Five successful case studies were analysed regarding their effectiveness towards soil conservation. For this purpose the green belt concept proves to be appropriate when taking into account a number of prerequisites which are discussed in the article on hand.

Present study is focused on the tree species found in the Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya campus in Koni-Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. With the purpose of documenting the tree species, a site visit was conducted in the month of January 2022 to June 2023. This survey was restricted over the nearby regions of Department of Botany, School of Life Science and partially over the entire campus area. The flowering and fruiting season of random visible trees were recorded and identified by using standard flora and Plants of the World Online (POWO). The aim was to identify and document the tree species for further investigation the diversity in Vishwavidyalaya campus, which was managed by various departments i.e., Botany, Forestry, Rural-Technology, Administrative department etc. A total of 34 tree species of belonging to 32 genera and 15 families were recorded. Fabaceae was noted as most dominant family in the campus. Two species, viz. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. were most widely spread across the campus.

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Some aspects of reproductive biology of Pethia ticto (Hamilton, 1822) from the Gorai River of southwestern (SW) Bangladesh were investigated by regular monthly samples for a period of one year during July 2010 to June 2011. A sum of 1200 specimens (male = 454 and female = 746) were collected using cast net, lift net and conical trap. Total length (TL) and Body weight (BW) were measured with slide caliper and digital balance, respectively for each individual. Based on gonadosomatic index (GSI), modified gonadosomatic index (MGSI) and Dobriyal index (DI) first sexual maturity was 4.30 cm TL for male and 4.80 cm TL for female. Also, on the basis of higher values of GSI, MGSI and DI spawning season was ranged from April to September for P. ticto in the Gorai River ecosystem. The fecundity was ranged from 2230-8450 with a mean value of 4779 ± 1578. In addition, there was a significant relationship between total length and fecundity (r 2 = .931, p < .001); body weight and fecundity (r 2 = .943, p < .001). Therefore, the findings of this study would be very effective for sustainable management of this threatened species in the Gorai River and surrounding ecosystem. How to cite this article: Hossain MY, Hossen MA, Islam MS, Jasmine S, Nawer F, Rahman MM. Reproductive biology of Pethia ticto (Cyprinidae) from the Gorai River (SW Bangladesh).

Recreational fisheries contribute substantially to the sociocultural and economic well‐being of coastal and riparian regions worldwide, but climate change threatens their sustainability. Fishery managers require information on how climate change will impact key recreational species; however, the absence of a global assessment hinders both directed and widespread conservation efforts. In this study, we present the first global climate change vulnerability assessment of recreationally targeted fish species from marine and freshwater environments (including diadromous fishes). We use climate change projections and data on species’ physiological and ecological traits to quantify and map global climate vulnerability and analyze these patterns alongside the indices of socioeconomic value and conservation effort to determine where efforts are sufficient and where they might fall short. We found that over 20% of recreationally targeted fishes are vulnerable to climate change under a high em...

This study presents a survey of small-stream fish species from the Purus-Madeira interfluve, collected in four streams near Humaitá on the highway BR-319. The results reveal a rich and diversified ichthyofauna with 3016 collected individuals distributed in 84 species, six orders, 25 families, and 60 genera. Of all the specimens collected, the Characiformes was the most representative, with eight families, 26 genera, and 42 species, followed Siluriformes, with nine families, 20 genera, and 23 species. In terms of families, Characidae had the highest number of species (25), followed by Loricariidae (9), and Cichlidae (8). Among the 95 captured species,s 11 are the first records for the region, evidencing a high diversity in these environments. Of the 84 species recorded in this study, 15 have not been assessed by the IUCN, while the remaining 62 include 23 listed as Least Concern (LC), three as data deficient (DD), and one as Near Threatened (NT). The southeastern Amazon region still has few fish surveys, especially in the region comprising the Purus-Madeira Interfluve, which highlights the importance of surveys to fill gaps and understand the biodiversity distribution patterns in the region.

Itaúnas is a locality of rare scenic beauty, with white sand dunes in the middle of the savanna coastal environments, known as restinga, and many flooded pools, forming a unique landscape. In these ponds of dark water, matte tea colored, lives a fish, Xenurolebias myersi, an endemic inhabitant of Itaúnas. The survival of this unique little fish is worrisome. The living environments of the Itaúnas cloud fish are under pressure, and it is threatened with extinction as well. As inhabiting temporary, almost isolated environments, this fish is almost unknown. Locally, the population is unaware that the region is inhabited by an endangered fish, which only exists there in Itaúnas. A form of protection comes through the awareness of their presence among the population of the village. The present contribution aims to shed light on the knowledge of Xenurolebias myersi, in order to turn the fish better known locally, and point out the urgency to protect the Velha Antonia stream, a river drainage closer to the village of Itaúnas, where the fish was caught for the first time.

Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary (GWS) is situated in Sarangarh-Bilaigarh district of Chhattisgarh state. Spread over an area of 277.82 km 2 with central coordinates 21°30' 24" North and 83° 6' 46" East. The landscape is safeguarded by nature because it is gently sloping and contains a lot of pebbles and rocks that are unsuitable for agriculture. Between September 2022 to June 2023, ethnobotanical studies were carried out in 28 villages which are situated inside the GWS. This study was aimed to compile the list of flora found in the sanctuary, that have been evaluated in the IUCN Red list of Threatened Species. A list of 89 species was compiled from version 2023-1 of the IUCN Red list. These 89 species comprise 1 "Endangered", 2 "Vulnerable", 2 "Near Threatened", 80 "Least Concern" and 4 "Data Deficient"; while the list is made up of 30 herbs, 10 shrubs, 47 trees and 2 climbers. This study highlighted the threatened status of numerous species of plants, which might eventually go extinct as a result of excessive forest resource use. Degradation of forests is closely associated with biodiversity loss, and the state of affairs in the sanctuary is concerning.

We report the roadkill of a jaguar in one of the longest highways in Brazil (BR-101), in the stretch where this road crosses one of the most important Atlantic Forest remnants in the country: the Linhares-Sooretama block. The jaguar population present in this area represents the very last in entire Espírito Santo state. There is an approved project to the lines duplication of the entire BR-101 Highway and the company responsible by the work has already started the first activities in the state. However, there is no environmental impact assessment already done neither planning for the implementation of measures to avoid or reduce the roadkill risk in the region. Thus, to minimize the impacts associated with the BR-101, we do not recommend its lines duplication along the 15 km stretch traversing the Linhares-Sooretama block. In addition, alternatively, we suggest the deviation of the current route of the BR-101 Highway or the construction of overpasses to fauna in the most critical po...

Justice and food security in a changing climate 5 Acknowledgements Both the planning of EurSafe2021 and the origin of this book were profoundly influenced by the Covid-19 pandemic, and we are extremely pleased to see that so many contributions still arrived. We would like to thank all authors for sharing their work and insights and all reviewers for their muchappreciated expertise on the vast range of topics. We are grateful for the support and encouragement received from the EurSafe board and Svenja Springer, in preparing this conference despite the challenging circumstances. Our special thanks go to

The pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis is an Endangered species found only in the Upper Guinea rainforests of West Africa. Using a two-phase approach, with initial semi-structured interviews followed by more extensive questionnaires, we examined local residents’ awareness of and attitudes towards the pygmy hippopotamus along the Moa River near Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Sierra Leone. The interviews and questionnaires addressed human–hippopotamus interactions, local knowledge and awareness of pygmy hippopotamus ecology and behaviour, and public attitudes towards hippopotamus conservation. Overall, 22% of questionnaire respondents acknowledged benefits related to hippopotamus conservation; factors affecting the perception of benefits included age, livestock ownership, distance from Tiwai Island and exposure to conservation programmes. The results of this study could be used to inform the conservation of the pygmy hippopotamus and highlight the critical role of local sup...

The pygmy hippopotamusChoeropsis liberiensisis an Endangered species found only in the Upper Guinea rainforests of West Africa. Using a two-phase approach, with initial semi-structured interviews followed by more extensive questionnaires, we examined local residents&#39; awareness of and attitudes towards the pygmy hippopotamus along the Moa River near Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Sierra Leone. The interviews and questionnaires addressed human–hippopotamus interactions, local knowledge and awareness of pygmy hippopotamus ecology and behaviour, and public attitudes towards hippopotamus conservation. Overall, 22% of questionnaire respondents acknowledged benefits related to hippopotamus conservation; factors affecting the perception of benefits included age, livestock ownership, distance from Tiwai Island and exposure to conservation programmes. The results of this study could be used to inform the conservation of the pygmy hippopotamus and highlight the critical role of local s...

Biodiversity loss is extreme in amphibians. Despite ongoing conservation action, it is difficult to determine where we stand in overcoming their extinction crisis. Among the most threatened amphibians are the 131 Neotropical harlequin toads. Many of them declined since the 1980s with several considered possibly extinct. Recently, more than 30 species have been rediscovered, raising hope for a reversing trend in the amphibian extinction crisis. We use past and present data available for harlequin toads (Atelopus), to examine whether the amphibian extinction crisis is still in an emergency state. Since 2004 no species has improved its population status, suggesting that recovery efforts have not been successful. Threats include habitat change, pathogen spread and climate change. More mitigation strategies need implementation, especially habitat protection and disease management, combined with captive conservation breeding. With harlequin toads serving as a model, it is clear that the a...

Europe has a long tradition of exploiting marine fishes and is promoting marine economic activity through its Blue Growth strategy. This increase in anthropogenic pressure, along with climate change, threatens the biodiversity of fishes and food security. Here, we examine the conservation status of 1,020 species of European marine fishes and identify factors that contribute to their extinction risk. Large fish species (greater than 1.5 m total length) are most at risk; half of these are threatened with extinction, predominantly sharks, rays and sturgeons. This analysis was based on the latest International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) European regional Red List of marine fishes, which was coherent with assessments of the status of fish stocks carried out independently by fisheries management agencies: no species classified by IUCN as threatened were considered sustainable by these agencies. A remarkable geographic divergence in stock status was also evident: in northern Europe, most stocks were not overfished, whereas in the Mediterranean Sea, almost all stocks were overfished. As Europe proceeds with its sustainable Blue Growth agenda, two main issues stand out as needing priority actions in relation to its marine fishes: the conservation of marine fish megafauna and the sustainability of Mediterranean fish stocks. Methods). Class Order Species Cat Red List Criteria Actinopterygii Acipenseriformes Acipenser gueldenstaedtii CR A2bcde Actinopterygii Acipenseriformes Acipenser naccarii CR A2bcde; B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) Actinopterygii Acipenseriformes Acipenser nudiventris CR A2cd Actinopterygii Acipenseriformes Acipenser stellatus CR A2cde Actinopterygii Acipenseriformes Acipenser sturio CR A2cde; B2ab(ii,iii,v) Actinopterygii Acipenseriformes Huso huso CR A2bcd Chondrichthyes Lamniformes Carcharodon carcharias CR C2a(ii) Chondrichthyes Lamniformes Lamna nasus CR A2bd Chondrichthyes Lamniformes Carcharias taurus CR C2a(ii) Chondrichthyes Lamniformes Odontaspis ferox CR A2bcd Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Gymnura altavela CR A2bd Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Pteromylaeus bovinus CR A2c Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Pristis pectinata CR A2b; D Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Pristis pristis CR A2b; D Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Dipturus batis CR A2bcd+4bcd Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Leucoraja melitensis CR A2bcd+3bcd Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Rostroraja alba CR A2bd Chondrichthyes Squaliformes Centrophorus granulosus CR A4b Chondrichthyes Squatiniformes Squatina aculeata CR A2bcd Chondrichthyes Squatiniformes Squatina oculata CR A2bcd+3cd Chondrichthyes Squatiniformes Squatina squatina CR A2bcd+3d Actinopterygii Cyprinodontiformes Aphanius iberus EN A2ce Actinopterygii Gadiformes Coryphaenoides rupestris EN A1bd Actinopterygii Perciformes Anarhichas denticulatus EN A2b Actinopterygii Perciformes Epinephelus marginatus EN A2d Actinopterygii Perciformes Pomatoschistus tortonesei EN B2ab(ii,iii) Actinopterygii Scorpaeniformes Sebastes mentella EN A2bd Chondrichthyes Carcharhiniformes Carcharhinus longimanus EN A2b Chondrichthyes Carcharhiniformes Carcharhinus plumbeus EN A4d Chondrichthyes Lamniformes Alopias superciliosus EN A2bd Chondrichthyes Lamniformes Alopias vulpinus EN A2bd Chondrichthyes Lamniformes Cetorhinus maximus EN A2abd Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Mobula mobular EN A2d Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Leucoraja circularis EN A2bcd Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Raja radula EN A4b Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Glaucostegus cemiculus EN A3bd Chondrichthyes Rajiformes Rhinobatos rhinobatos EN A2b Chondrichthyes Squaliformes Centrophorus lusitanicus EN A4b Chondrichthyes Squaliformes Centrophorus squamosus EN A4b SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 11 Class Order Species Cat Red List Criteria Chondrichthyes