THIRD WORLD CITIES

From the land of zero, i delve deeper in to what creates fluidity in Indian classrooms, was it the same in the times of Aryabhatt, same in times of Raghuram Rajan or will it be the same for the child who is yet to be born. The goal of the present study is to explore the use of developmentally appropriate practices in Asian Indian early childhood classrooms. This information is critical for all early childhood educators and teacher educators because the society we live in is fast becoming extremely diverse and our classrooms are becoming a cauldron of various cultures, languages, personalities and views on education. Nineteen early childhood classrooms were observed in a southern metropolitan city in North and North East India. The trained researchers filled out the Rating Scale to Assess the Use of Developmentally Appropriate Practices in Early Childhood Classrooms to evaluate the use of developmentally appropriate practices in the classrooms. The observations are in the categories of creating a caring community of learners, teaching to enhance development and learning, constructing appropriate curriculum, assessing children's learning and development, and reciprocal relationships with parents and families and also being able to handle children asking for varying level of challenges. Preliminary descriptive analysis of the data showed that most of the classrooms scored between two and three in all of the six subscales. The mean scores for the classrooms are as follows: creating a caring community of learners, mean = 2.09; teaching to enhance learning and development, mean = 2.66; constructing appropriate curriculum, mean = 1.96; assessing children's learning and development, mean = 2.12; and reciprocal relationships with parents and families, mean = 2.31. The results of the study seemed to indicate that the Asian Indian classrooms did not have an abundance of appropriate practices occurring in the classrooms. However, in light of the diverse nature of educational programs and practices in the various countries, we have to interpret these results carefully. The results do give us information about what practices are given importance and which ones are not considered that

Considering the difficulties that the public authorities are facing to manage a space that neither belongs to the town, nor to the countryside, regular failures characterized the implementation of a “peri-urban” urban policy. These failures have led to the creation of an area whose delimitation is considered as a controversial matter between researchers, and which is considered as an “urban fringe”. Thus, the present paper sets out to review of two location factors, linked to the fringe, such as land and labor that shapes the industrial space. This review consists of analyzing the local stakeholder system that leads interactions between these two factors on one hand and space on the other. This paper examines also the new approaches of industrial planning that could appear as a solution to urban fringes population’s needs. However, the legal and executive tools are missing and the conceptual and methodological assets of these public policies still lack strong roots.

Abstract:
This paper situates ‘bazaar’ as a site of multifaceted exploration. It is as much an inquiry into a bazaar (‘Janpath’ in New Delhi) as it is into the modes of knowledge about the bazaar. Challenging the representation of the postcolonial bazaar as a bizarre relic of the past or the pure theoretical market, I make the case for viewing it as a socioeconomic site of modernity. The symbolic geography of this site is contested, populated as it is, with the evocations, expectations, and histories of the various implicated human constituencies.
Bazaars are integral to cultural imaginaries, and I start by presenting some of the ways in which they have functioned to excite fantasy and fear. In spite of this, bazaars are often conceptualised primarily as an economic space to ‘truck, barter and exchange’. I suggest that in this characterisation there is a problematic slippage between the market and the bazaar. The bazaar is not simply another market. Neither is the market itself any much more than a convenient fiction for the purposes of an abstract deductive political economy which obtains its purchase on the ‘economic’ realm by a perpetual erasure of subjectivity and particularity under the signs of objectivity, generality and science. While, even to many anthropologists, the appeal of judging the bazaar against a pervasive ideal of the market continues to be irresistible, I argue that the bazaar offers a valuable site to challenge the culture/economy separation that characterises much thinking about the economic realm. It is to this effect that the paper travels to re-member the coming into being of a specific bazaar – the Janpath. What makes this travel interesting is the forays it makes into issues of governmentality, patriarchy, livelihoods under capitalist globalisation, nationstatism, in other words, the spatial and symbolic contexts of postcolonial modernity in India.
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Overview:
The bazaar has been an exotic site and its rationality has been the subject of rescue endeavours in much research. In contrast, I have argued that we need to see the bazaar as a fertile ground – a hybrid space for stories, for theories, and for explorations of the nation-state, of capitalism, colonialism, globalisation, and governmentality. In particular, the Janpath Bazaar provides us with a site for exploring diverse postcolonial subjectivities under the influence of a weighty history and the diffuse operation of coercive power. If we see it as a space unrarefied by the disciplinary boundaries of culture, economy, history, theory, literature, activism – it can be the site for exploring several interconnected issues as they are lived, experienced, and observed. This paper has travelled to transgress the story/theory modes of enquiry in the hope of presenting the poetics and politics of bazaars in general and the Janpath bazaar in particular as contested spaces with many layers of meaning that undo the pervasive and problematic separations of culture and economy in modernity.

"Le nombre de plus en plus élevé de villes moyennes en Afrique nécessite de développer une analyse du phénomène urbain qui ne soit subordonnée ni à l’étude des métropoles ni à celle des communautés, lesquelles ont fait les beaux jours des études anthropologiques. Après être revenu sur l’histoire de la discipline, cet article esquisse les jalons d’une approche globale de la ville permettant d’étudier de manière comparative les centres secondaires.

An important feature of urbanization process in Africa is the proliferation of small and medium urban centers which constitute the major part of the urban population today. However in the literature these towns remain often in the shadow of studies devoted to the analysis of metropolis or small communities in the city. After a retrospective of urban anthropology’s history, this paper outlines a global approach able to grasp secondary cities in a comparative perspective."

This landmark study builds on international practice and knowledge in urban revitalisation, city competitiveness, place branding and marketing, urban regeneration, tourism, retail and town centre management, among others to offer a multidisciplinary assessment of how town and city centres can compete and prosper sustainably by positioning themselves strategically on the basis of their 'DNA' or 'personality'.

The report offers a simple town centre 'personality' test linked to a typology of town and city centres. It also offers, for the first time ever in the UK, a national town centre performance framework linked to a do-it-yourself set of key performance indicators that anybody can use straight from the box without any previous knowledge of market research or statistical analysis.

This chapter is based on fieldwork in the slums of Ahmedabad, India. It examines the strategies that slum dwellers employed to secure their housing rights in response to the local government’s eviction drives. It addresses two different types of collective action initiated by the powerful amongst them to negotiate with external agencies. One was claiming their housing rights through redress with an NGO and the opposition party. The other was the search for co-operation from their neighbours through coercive means, often with the aim to obtain more compensation. The chapter shows that the powerful members of a slum community can mobilise an ‘illegitimate’ means of survival when they are at risk of eviction and deprived of access to ‘legitimate’ channels of claim-making such as NGOs.

RESUMEN
En las últimas décadas, olas de calor urbano, sequías extremas e incendios forestales se han reportado cada vez con mayor frecuencia, perturbando la dinámica ambiental y la calidad de vida de los habitantes localizados en las ciudades. La intensidad de estos eventos climáticos en las áreas urbanas está relacionada, con la substitución de la cobertura vegetal por superficies secas no evapotranspirativas que alteran el balance radiativo superficial, produciendo en consecuencia, un aumento de la temperatura en las zonas urbanas. Este fenómeno se conoce como islas térmicas urbanas, y su intensidad y extensión depende no solo de las propiedades físicas de las coberturas naturales y artificiales presentes en los espacios urbanos, sino también de la estacionalidad, y otros fenómenos climáticos. Mediante el uso de geotecnologias, en particular utilizando la banda térmica (6-2) del sensor LANDSAT 7 ETM +, es posible observar las variaciones en los patrones de la temperatura superficial y determinar la variabilidad, intensidad y extensión del fenómeno de isla térmica en la ciudad. La ventaja de este tipo de técnicas, respecto a las métodos convencionales (estacionales analógicas, muestreo puntual o por transectas), es la posibilidad de cubrir grandes superficies y adicionalmente, integrar datos digitales y vectoriales en un sistema de información geográfica. A los efectos de este trabajo seleccionaron un set de imágenes comprendidas en el periodo Marzo 2001- Enero 2011, tanto para temporada de sequia como de lluvia, para analizar los efectos de la estacionalidad sobre el fenómeno de isla térmica, en la ciudad de Caracas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron importantes diferencias en la temperatura superficial entre las áreas urbanas y la zona peri-urbana, así como entre el periodo húmedo y el periodo de sequia. Se espera a partir de este estudio poder contribuir con el diseño de estrategias ambientales de mitigación, y/o de atención a la población.

Palabras clave: islas térmicas, geotecnologias, espacios urbanos.

CRRID, Chandigarh proposes to organize an International Conference on “Mountain Cities, Climate Change and Urban Sustainability” and 1st Chandigarh Climate Meet from November 6-8, 2017 and a two days Pre Conference Workshop on “Towards Achieving Green Growth, Eco-Efficiency & SDGs for Urban Sustainability” from November 4-5, 2017 in collaboration with the Asia Climate Change Education Center (ACCEC), Jeju, South Korea; the Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh and the Centre for Study of Administration of Relief (CSAR), New Delhi. The Working Group 05 of International Sociological Association (ISA) on Famine and Society; the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh; The Climate Reality Project India, New Delhi; the Centre for Urban Green Spaces (CUGS), New Delhi and the Association of Professional Social Workers and Development
Practitioners (APSWDP), Chandigarh are also likely to support the organization of events in various capacities.

The call for abstracts of the papers and applications for the pre-conference workshop are invited before September 10, 2017. The organisers will confirm the acceptance within a week of submission. Some grants will be available for the selected delegates who submit the full papers. There is a plan to bring out a publication after the conference and also publish some selected papers in the special issue of our quarterly Journal Man & Development.

Il saggio prende le mosse dai disastri "naturali" che investono tra il 2004 e il 2005 l'Asia meridionale e il sud degli Stati Uniti. Città così diverse per taglia demografica, collocazione geografica e appartenenza geopolitica, come la statunitense New Orleans colpita da “Katrina” e l’indonesiana Banda Aceh, città-simbolo dello tsunami asiatico, contribuiscono nel breve volgere di pochi mesi a ricomporre agli occhi dell’opinione pubblica mondiale la geografia ineguale dello sviluppo urbano ai tempi della globalizzazione: non più le città del cosiddetto Terzo Mondo opposte a quelle del mondo economicamente “avanzato”, ma un insieme geograficamente trasversale, seppur profondamente differenziato al proprio interno, che può denominarsi “Sud Globale”, ove la questione urbana si impone come una delle grandi emergenze della contemporaneità

He escuchado muchas veces decir que todo depende del cristal con que se mira y no fue hasta hace mucho que traté de utilizar la frase para momentos cotidianos y aplicarla cada vez que podía. Mi situación instantáneamente cambiaba, ¿por qué? porque lograba visualizar el contexto que ante mis ojos se presentaba y lo manipulaba de forma positiva hasta lograr ver lo que yo quería ver. Y es que la realidad en sí misma es una pero formas de percibirla, millones.

The widespread collapse of modernisation places the cities of the Global South as explanatory references of the urbanisation process worldwide. In this essay, based on a theoretical reflection built with an extensive literature review on critical social theory, we intend to discuss such a process. We explore how these cities have been transformed into references as well as objects of reflection on the processes taking place in the cities of the Global North, constituting a new parameter of the current social production of space, suggesting the idea of the peripheral condition as a result of the crisis of capital. In the sequence, we present the causes and consequences of this process, which lead to the reconfiguration of the pattern of the relationship between the centre and periphery. Faced with this situation, we see that the periphery has become the index of the current critical reproduction of capital. Here we develop the argument of the Global South as a reference of the world, an index of the phenomenon of collapse we are experiencing.

ABSTRACT
This paper provides evidence for the existence of inflexibility of employment in the jute weaving industry of Bangladesh. Such inflexibility exists in relation to changes in manufacturing operating capacity at the plant level. Empirical support is obtained by relating the number of employed workers to the level of operating capacity in 39 jute weaving mills over a period extending to 26 years. This inflexibility has important implications for productivity progress in mills and may indicate, as suggested in this article, the existence of 'overemployment' (disguised unemployment) in jute mills.

In a global economy where philanthropy is more important than ever, educational pursuits are often weighed down in its inability to find adequate funding from traditional means, and so the poor and underprivileged societies are in a downward spiral that never ceases because the funding and the educational programming are unable to connect with those in the greatest need. This discussion is designed to explore some creative funding models for third world education programs and to begin a dialog of how education can be structured to not merely “teach men to fish,” but exponentially “teach men to teach men to fish.” This is the key to global change that will be lasting for generations.