THE FULANI

Referred to as an emirate in this paper because its leaders were referred to as Amir by 19 th century Shehus of Borno. We are grateful to Professor Dalha Waziri of Bayero University for bringing this to our attention. 5 Muhammad Mustafa Gwadabe (1991), A History of Gumel…p.171 6 M.G. Smith (1997) Government in Kano… p.379. of cogent military, political, social, and economic relations with it in the third phase, even when such a policy contravened the protocol of the Caliphate. Prior to the Basasa, Kano's relationship with Gumel was embedded in a wider conflict between the Sokoto Caliphate and Borno. Kano Emirate formed a buffer state against Borno from the east, whereas Gumel was the barrier to Sokoto's incursion into Borno from the West. It is within this context that the attacks Emir Sulaiman (1807-1819), the first post-Jihad ruler of Kano, carried out against Gumel during the reign of Sarki Muhammad Kalgo (1806-1811) should be understood. 7 Socio-economic reasons dominated later raids, with Gumel, especially during the reign of Sarki Dan Auwa (1811-1828), in an attempt to incorporate the fertile Ringim axis into Kano's territory. 8 Although the raids subsided after the reign of Emir Ibrahim Dabo (1819-1846), skirmishes continued until the Basasa pacified relations between the two Emirates by opening up new frontiers for mutually beneficial diplomatic relations. This chapter attempts to map the role of Gumel in the Kano Civil war and the emergence of postwar diplomatic relations between the two emirates. At the death of Emir Muhammad Bello of Kano (1882-1893), the Waziri of Sokoto, Muhammad Buhari (1886-1903), was in Kano on a routine visit, in line with his traditional duty as the official in charge of the affairs of eastern emirates of the Caliphate which included Kano. He wrote to Caliph Abdurrahman (1891-1903) notifying him of the death and the nominee of the Kano kingmakers. The choice of the kingmakers was ex-Galadiman Kano Yusufu, son of Emir Abdullahi Maje Karofi (1855-1882). 9 The Caliph ignored this advice and instructed that Galadiman Kano Tukur (1883-1893), the eldest son of the late Emir, should be appointed rather. Dismissing the Waziri's advice that rebellion might follow the appointment of any other person but Yusuf, 10 the Caliph was ignoring, one, the tradition of adhering to the principle of progenitor established by Ibrahim Dabo and sanctioned by Sokoto and, two, the principle of shura, a system of mutual consultation that Dan Fodio recognized as indispensable to a stable political order, especially in the Emirates. Waziri Buhari complied with the Caliphal directive even in the face of an altercation with the leading Kano kingmakers, most notably Madaki Ibrahim Malam (1876-1894). 11 The kingmakers might have interpreted Sokoto's decision as an infringement upon their primary role, since its decision was supposed to be guided by their advice, arrived at from a superior knowledge and understanding of the political polemics of Kano. Trying to avoid any public resistance, the Waziri chose to appoint the Caliph's candidate in his Kano residence, in the middle of the night, and at the presence of a few palace officials. In protest to the Caliph's disregard for the succession protocol in Kano, the scions of Emir Maje Karofi left Kano under the leadership of Yusufu, the leading contender to the throne. A significant number of supporters followed suit the next day.

This paper proposes a Resource Sharing Model through digitization initiative of an important Islamic collection of Usman Dan Fodio a Calipth and Islamic leader in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria, who reigned between the years of 1775-1817. It observes the subjects area ...

The paper highlights the meaning of pastoral farming system. It is done mainly by the Fulani in Nigeria. It also discusses the different types of nomadic farming and the cause of problem between the Fulani herdsmen and crop farmers. The cause of problem ranges from increase in population, non-availability of land for agricultural purpose, climate, destruction of grazing area, pest and disease problems. Ranching was suggested as the solution to this problem together with inclusion of vocational agriculture in the curriculum of nomadic education, establishment of demonstration farm and public enlightenment.

This paper proposes a Resource Sharing Model through digitization initiative of an important Islamic collection of Usman Dan Fodio a Calipth and Islamic leader in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria, who reigned between the years of 1775-1817. It observes the subjects area ...

The debut of colonialism along with the consequent de facto supremacy of the Western world did not only negatively impact on the economy and polity of the Muslim world. It has also, to some reasonable extent, polluted the social system, particularly the structure and form of cities. Human scale is gradually diminishing as a yardstick for construction and is being replaced by a mathematical one. Collectivism, which used to characterize Muslims' social set-up, is now being over-shadowed by stark individualism. The Islamic social values which used to be the binding force that held Muslims together are now being crushed by moral relativity. The situation becomes so chronic that many people begin to assume that Islam has a very negligible role to play in the formation and construction of modern cities. Kano, a predominantly Muslim state in North-Western Nigeria, inherited a thousand year-old Islam-oriented building architecture which made it a model Islamic city in pre-colonial Africa. Of special reference is the residential structure which no doubt reflects Islamic culture. Unfortunately, this age-old heritage is now being pushed to the brink of extinction by the almighty modern architecture. This paper explores the Islamic in the Kano traditional residential structure and attempts to comparatively bring into light the extent to which it is diminishing in the modern building architecture. The paper suggests blending the two for a peaceful and harmonious co-existence.

A discussion of my fascination with the figure of Kaidara, god of gold and knowledge in classical Fulani cosmology, highlighting the epistemological and metaphysical implications of this figure and the relationship of his image with artistic, historical and existential expressions of human embodiment and outlining my verbal and visual contributions to developing the Kaidara mythos and its associated cognitive world. This essay itself constitutes part of this contribution, adapting Etienne Souppart's illustrations from the children's version of the Kaidara story, The Secrets of Kaidara : An Animist Tale from Africa (Tales of Heaven and Earth), by Hyacinthe Vulliez and Gwen Marsh, narrating and commenting on the account of the search for Kaidara within the context of expounding the symbolic scope of this enigmatic and yet compelling figure.

В центре данной работы стоят взаимоотношения власти и народа в их институциональном оформлении, а именно проблематика соотношения власти правителя, действующей общественной нормы и ее носителей. На широком конкретно-историческом материале, включающем традиционные и модернизирующиеся общества, прослеживаются такие аспекты данной проблематики, как характер представлений о непогрешимости или, напротив, несовершенстве правителя и политической системы, возможности правителя по отношению к действующим социальным нормам, возможности критики в адрес правителя и принудительных общественных санкций в его адрес, понятия о легитимности правителя и ее источниках, концепция высших целей существования института верховной власти и др. Используемый конкретно-исторический материал обобщается на основе формализованного выделения ключевых параметров, характеризующих данные феномены с установлением корреляций между ними, что позволяет осуществить типологизацию социумов с точки зрения исследуемой тематики.

78 JOHN EDWARD PHILIPS caliph Muhammad Bello of Sokoto). Emir Muhammad Bello followed a systematic policy of trying to deprive his brother's sons of their titles and territories and compelling many of the husbands of his nieces to divorce them. He was seeking to ...