Sustainable/Responsible Tourism

Rwanda-the land of a thousand hills is known for its extensive biodiversity, volcanoes, lush green jungles and the infamous golden monkeys and gorillas native to the land. The country boasts beautiful sceneries, a rich culture and an emerging prosperous economy. Despite being a small and landlocked country, Rwanda stands out among its sister countries on the African continent as a developing tourist spot. But behind this state of Rwanda becoming a beacon of hope for its sister countries, is a dark war-torn past, the kind the neighboring countries have suffered from both openly and some low key, which makes this country all the more appealing. Its strength and struggle to bring an entire country out of the darkness and develop among many others its tourism industry is commendable. Rwanda consists of many vastly spread grasslands, rivers and volcanic jungles which are known to house large biodiverse species of birds, animals, and fish. Since the colonial era, the African grasslands have perhaps witnessed the most massive amount of trophy hunting and poaching. Despite antipoaching and hunting organizations actively campaigning to prevent such activities, they continue to happen from time to time. We had witnessed the extinction of the Northern white rhino when the last male of the species died on March 2018 in Kenya. This calls out the need to ensure responsible tourism which is the concept where negative social, economic and environmental impacts on the locals is minimized, and all aspects of their wellbeing are safeguarded. How this relates to Rwanda and its tourism? Well, Rwanda is famous for its species of gorillas, golden monkeys and elephants mainly along with many other species that have been a victim of poaching and mass trophy hunting. The more hype they receive, the more demand for poached goods in the international black-market increases. It's a vicious cycle that's hard to contain but recently, with the help of various foundations, NGOs and the people of the state, a self-proclaimed revolution has brought forth progressive changes. Responsible tourism is one of them. In the sentiment of further ensuring this trend, we have compiled a few activities that a tourist can choose from as a tailor-made tour other than just the safari, gorilla trekking and interacting with the local wildlife.

La Playa de los Cristales, situada en el municipio de Laxe, se ha convertido en años recientes en uno de los productos turísticos más importantes dentro de la oferta turística de Costa da Morte y la provincia de A Coruña. Su atractivo radica en una característica que la hace única: la alta presencia de cristales redondeados y de pequeño tamaño esparcidos sobre su arena. No obstante, dicho atractivo único se ha convertido también en su principal amenaza, a medida que turistas y visitantes se los llevan consigo como souvenir, reduciendo cada vez más su presencia. El análisis de la situación de esta playa nos permite mostrar las consecuencias que acarrea la consolidación de nuevos productos turísticos sin una planificación y gestión previa adecuada. Argumentamos que, de cara al desarrollo de una actividad turística sostenible, bien planificada y gestionada, necesitamos comprender las variables clave detrás de la aparición de la problemática que afecta a este lugar, para poder en un fut...

July 31, 1999 | Cultural Survival Quarterly | Issue 23.2 Every day, wide-body jets bring new tourists and new residents to the Hawaiian islands. In 1997 the state had 1.2 million residents; Hawaiians and part Hawaiians made up 13 to 18 percent of the total island population. In 1997 158,000 individuals visited Hawaii each day, and the annual tourist arrival count was 6.8 million. With 71,000 hotel rooms, tourism is one of the primary forms of employment and many Hawaiians depend on tourism for their jobs. Tourists spend $10 billion annually, although much of this money leaks out of the state. Despite the importance of tourism to the economy, Hawaiians have opposed inappropriate resort and golf-course development and their urbanizing effects. Reasons include the foreign ownership of the industry and its negative impacts on local communities. Hawaiians have protested against the commercialization of their culture, and the portrayal of Hawaii as "the ultimate playground" with flyers denouncing tourism-induced development, environmental degradation, poverty, and pollution. Hawaiians have made their views known in the media, by testifying at public hearings, demonstrating, and negotiating in the courts. Certain Hawaiian groups have delayed resort construction for years by using the courts to oppose government granted development permits. Some out-of-court settlements have been reached with developers. These agreements seek protection of indigenous sacred sites and burials; unimpeded access to the mauka (mountain) and makai (ocean) cultural and subsistence resources; establishment of community-based indigenous organizations and job training for local people; and support of Hawaiian cultural and environmental restoration programs. In 1989 the Hawai'i Ecumenical Coalition issued "The Hawai'i Declaration on Tourism." This declaration stressed that a state of emergency existed for Hawaiian people and for the fragile island environment. It emphasized that tourism did not benefit the poor and the native Hawaiians; that tourism was a new form of exploitation; and that it was not an indigenous practice. The proposed rectifying actions included: return of the lands held in fiduciary trust by the state to the Native Hawaiian people; an immediate ban on further resort development in rural communities; and assistance to foster a community-based economy as an alternative to tourism. The temporary downturn of international tourism and the devastation caused by hurricane Iwa on Kaua'i in 1993 encouraged a brief dialogue among tourist officials and Hawaiian grassroots groups to explore the rebuilding of the visitors industry from a community perspective. The proposed plan by Hui Ho `Okipa O Kaua'i called for the establishment of Hawaiian community development corporations and Hawaiian cultural centers. In 1993 the Hawai'i Ecumenical Coalition issued a one page flyer on "Responsible Tourism," proposing "A Hawaiian Point of View" on tourism. This statement indicated that mass tourism and commercialization must give way to a more sensible recognition of the dignity and the needs of the Hawaiian people. This requires respecting the Hawaiian culture and the Hawaiian Islands, and promoting more ethical business practices. Tourists should have better opportunities to learn about Hawaiian people. Exploitation should be avoided by the industry and investments should be made to improve the conditions of Hawaiians.

Human societies have a long history of incorporating elements of the past into the present; never more has this been the case than today. For centuries, if not millennia, creative artists and writers, architects and fashion designers, publicists and advertisers have borrowed freely from the tangible and intangible heritage of other times and places. There is plentiful evidence of how fundamentally human achievement has depended upon the transmission of knowledge across cultures....In the context of increasingly rapid and global diffusion of tradition-specific images, ideas, and material culture, it is now often a default assumption that ancient objects and images are elements of a shared legacy of humanity.  In this spirit, a growing contingent of scholars and activists aggressively defend the free flow of ideas, images, and knowledge—within and between societies, ancient and modern—on grounds that this is essential to innovation and creativity. Proponents of the Open Access and A2K movements speak of the importance of sharing the world’s vast knowledge, while scholars such as Laurence Lessig, James Boyle, and Kembow McLeod (among others) point to the stifling effects of restrictions on open exchange. Frequently the advocates of open access draw attention to benefits that flow to the source communities and cultures (or their descendants), as well as to the recipients who draw inspiration from the cultural heritage of others. Even if economic benefits don’t flow equitably, so the argument goes, the open exchange of tradition-specific objects, practices, ideas, and knowledge may play an ambassadorial role, fostering cross-cultural understanding and respect....

Many bird populations worldwide are at risk of extinction, and rely heavily on protected area networks for their continued conservation. Tourism to these areas contributes to conservation by generating revenue for management. Here we quantify the contribution of tourism revenue for bird species in the IUCN Red List, using a simple accounting method. Relevant data are available for 90 (16%) of the 562 critically endangered and endangered species. Contributions of tourism to bird conservation are highest, 10-64%, in South America, Africa, and their neighbouring islands. Critically endangered bird species rely on tourism more heavily than endangered species (p,0.02). Many protected areas could also enhance their management budgets by promoting birdwatching tourism specifically.

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Deadline for abstract submissions now extended to: 1st of March 2014

Call for Papers
14-16 May 2014, University of Potsdam, Germany

In December 2010 slum tourism researchers gathered in Bristol, UK, for the first international “Destination Slum” conference addressing specifically the aesthetic, economic, historical, political and social dimensions of slum tourism. Slum tourism, defined broadly as touristic visits to urban areas of relative poverty, remains a controversial pastime. Despite the controversies this leisure practice is on the rise globally, in developing as well as developed countries. New destinations are added to an already comprehensive list of locations while some older destinations shows signs of maturity and saturation with high levels of diversification, policy interventions, including the integration of slum tourism into urban regeneration and urban tourism strategies. Slum Tourism seems to have entered a new phase.

Just like the development of the phenomenon of slum tourism, academic research has picked up in speed as well, accounting for the phenomenon in a range of case studies from diverse disciplines. The foci of research have also shifted beyond the pertinent questions of ethics, impact and motivation, to address the multiple connections of slum tourism to other forms of tourism, like volunteering, sustainable tourism, community based and pro-poor-tourism or dark tourism and others. Moreover researchers have turned to discuss the possible contributions research on slum tourism can make to questions arising in the study of global phenomena and questions like mobilities, social movements and protest, urban regeneration, security, mega events or poverty alleviation.DSCN0772

Slum tourism research has reached a new phase  and the second conference of the network will enable an engaged exchange of the insights gained over the last few years. We aim to better understand the recent rapid expansion and diversification of slum tourism as well as to develop new perspectives on the phenomenon.

We’d like to invite empirical and theoretical papers that discuss slum tourism and related phenomena in various destinations, comparative research focusing on different case studies as well as conceptual cognate questions such as, but not limited to

    theoretical reflections on slum tourism
    tourism and poverty alleviation
    informal economies – informal tourism
    authenticity and valorisation regimes in slum tourism
    slum tourism in urban policy
    urban regeneration, gentrification and tourism
    slum tourism and mega-events
    (changing) moral and ethical views on slum tourism
    security, slum and tourism
    entrepreneurship in slum tourism
    social functions/roles of slum tourism
    justice tourism and solidarity travel
    volunteer tourism and poverty
    economies of charity and slum tourism
    the migration/tourism nexus and the slum
    identity, culture and slum tourism
    literary slumming in writing, film and games
    histories of slum tourism and slumming

Please submit your abstract of up to 300 words with affiliation and contact details using the submit abstract page. All abstracts will be peer-reviewed by members of the conference committee and we will notify within four weeks of your submission. Accepted papers are to be considered for publication in a special issue of an academic journal (negotiations are underway).

Deadline for abstract submissions: 1st of February 2014

We are also happy to accept panel proposal via [email protected]"

The article discusses the efforts to undertake economic reconstruction in Bosnia following the end of the war. It argues that, despite certain successes such as the rehabilitation of
infrastructure and the privatization of the banking sector, overall progress has been below expectations. The study, accordingly, attempts to analyse the reasons behind the reconstruction
failure by grouping Bosnia’s problems into four different challenges for analytical purposes: the post-Dayton institutional deficiency; overcoming political fragmentation; creating appropriate conditions for economic revival; and graduating from dependency on foreign economic aid. In this respect, it is concluded that the intersection between the economic and political dimensions of post-conflict reconstruction has generated a paradox: while huge amounts of economic assistance have intended to facilitate political reconciliation, the nature of the administrative (political) structure that was established in the post-war period has in turn hindered economic
recovery and the creation of a unified economic space. Moreover, political fragmentation and slow progress in economic reconstruction have been in a mutually constitutive relationship in which the existence of the one has contributed to the sustenance of the other.

In the years of transition they were admitted a lot of mistakes in tourism development led to spontaneous and non methodical overdevelopment, loss of traditional markets and partners, reducing the competitiveness of the Bulgarian tourist product, destruction of national tourism resources, natural, cultural and historical values. For a limitation of the negative trends and increase the quality of the tourism product, a group of public tourist and environmental organizations united around the cause of preservation of natural resources and cultural heritage of the base on which to develop the tourism. As a result of dialogues and workshops related to the preparation of positions they are set common goals and similar legal and institutional issues in the field of nature conservation, cultural heritage and tourism. This requires the preparation of a Memorandum of sustainable development of Bulgarian tourism, nature conservation and cultural heritage respecting the fundamental principles of the Global Code of Ethics in Tourism. It is established an expert concil from representatives of the organizations that signed the Memorandum to implement its objectives and principles. This union proves to be workable and begins to function as a tool for implementing ethical principles and policies in the three sectors.

Τι στρατηγικές ανάπτυξης του τοπικού τουριστικού τομέα μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε αμεσότερα και με χαμηλότερο κόστος; Ποιο είναι εκείνο το προϊόν–υπηρεσία που μπορεί να προορίζεται για όλους επηρεάζοντας όμως τον καθένα ξεχωριστά; Πως η χρησιμότητα και η προσφορά υπηρεσιών του προϊόντος - υπηρεσίας αυτού, μπορεί να αξιολογηθεί ποσοτικά συμβάλλοντας στην τοπική και κρατική οικονομία; Γιατί να επιλέξουμε κάτι νέο για την ανάπτυξη της τοπικής τουριστικής αγοράς;

This book’s theoretical underpinnings and empirical studies suggest that businesses can do well by doing good. It builds on the previous theoretical underpinnings of the CSR agenda, including Business Ethics (Crane and Matten, 2004); Stakeholder Engagement (Freeman, 1984); Corporate Citizenship (Carroll, 1998; Waddock, 2004; Matten and Crane, 2004), Creating Shared Value (Porter and Kramer, 2011; 2006), as it presents the latest Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility (CSR2.0) perspective (Visser, 2011,2014; Camilleri, 2015). This promising notion is being recognized as a concept that offers new ways of thinking and behaving. It has potential to deliver significant benefits to both business and society as it is an easy term that may appeal to business practitioners. CSR2.0 is linked to improvements in economic performance, operational efficiency, higher quality, innovation and competitiveness. At the same time, it raises awareness on responsible behaviors. Therefore, CSR2.0 can ...

Globalization and innovative improvements are developing success as far back as the 1990s have made more prominent interest for relaxation travel. With the expanding interest of worldwide traveler landing, there will be more difficulties to face, as an example, the answer for support tourism improvement, capable courses for the present and what's to come. Tourism is an industry; however, it is a frame and specialist of advancement and change and should be perceived. To ready to make a brilliant tourism encounter, tourism industry must research and find better approaches to maintain tourism and permit the government to pass on enactment to deal with the long haul effects of tourism advancement. Article visualizations:

"Earlier provisional title was "Archaeology, Tourism, Museum...."

"This chapter is divided into two distinct sections that are positioned in a point-counterpoint structure of dialogue. These two position statements invoke the etymological meanings of the word essay, to attempt, put to the test, trial, to act out, to explore, travel, and travail. The first is an historical analysis written in the third person by an anthropologist whose expertise includes the ethnography of archaeology and the anthropology of tourism. The second is a counterpoint commentary written in the first person by an anthropologist whose specializations include Pre-Columbian and historical archaeology. Both of us have significant research experience in same area of the Maya world in Yucatán, México. From these two differing vantage points, we chart our perspectives on the relationship between archaeology and tourism in terms of the problems of exploration, protection, and exploitation.
In the first section, Castañeda takes an historical approach to the emergence of archaeology in the institutional context of the modern museum. He essays an analytical and theoretical manifesto about the deep, intimate interconnections between tourism and archaeology as revealed through an understanding of the museum. In his historical analysis of the role of archaeological representation in the museum, he identifies the sociological creation of universal heritage. He theorizes a notion of the universal citizen-heir as the implied benefactor of this universal heritage. In the second section, Mathews elaborates a commentary on this historical analysis of archaeology, tourism, heritage and the museum. Specifically, she counter-argues and assesses Castañeda theoretical and analytical claims through the use of archaeology and tourism at sites that are not postcard worthy. Together these two “attempts” grapple with the historical and contemporary interconnections between archaeology and tourism. Together we put to the test our typical assumptions about the ethics of archaeologists, tourists, and tourism promoters in the contemporary contexts in which we are now beginning to ask how and why archaeology and tourism are interwoven phenomena in today’s world.""

ABSTRACT
Tourism is an important sector in many countries. For the Seychelles,
it is the lifeblood of the economy. This article critically examines the
Seychelles tourism sector. Using mainly secondary data available in
the published material, it finds that most hotels and resorts are
owned by foreign transnational hotel chains with a propensity to
import personnel, technologies, food and drink. The
consequences have been stunted by the growth of local
businesses and precarious employment. The article suggests the
adoption of the concept of luxury Community-based Tourism
(CBT) which could be used as a mechanism to localize the
ownership of hotels and to address inequality and promote social
justice. Luxury CBT would involve a novel community-based
boutique tourism (CBBT) industry that takes into account the
Seychelles’ islandness.

Bajung dan keluarganya hidup di Wakatobi tanpa pernah menyangka kepulauan inilah yang memabukkan peneliti-peneliti dunia, yang kemudian bersepakat menjadikan Wakatobi sebagai sebuah taman nasional dengan manfaat mendunia. Slogan surga bawah laut taman nasional Wakatobi berjalan diiringi perangkat negara dan diikuti riak-riak politik lokal. Beban mimpi besar Wakatobi selanjutnya ditumpukan pada Bajung dan warga lokal Wakatobi lainnya. ------------------------------Ia lahir kira-kira 50 tahun lalu. Perawakannya legam, kekar, tampak lebih muda dari usianya. Pada saya Ia berkata, angka 50 adalah pemberian kepala desa Mola saat pengurusan Kartu Tanda Penduduk. Bajung tak sendiri, mayoritas to sama atau sea gypsy Wakatobi tak menghapal tahun kelahirannya. Nenek moyang mereka tak mengenal budaya tulis baca-kecuali melagukan iko-iko-, hidup nomaden di laut, sehingga sedikit jejak yang bisa direkam dari suku minoritas ini.

This handbook shares step-by-step recommendations for working with local communities which have developed their own community based tourism (CBT) programs. The handbook will assist tour operators and other partners to work as a team with local community members, to offer fun, safe, inspiring, responsible experiences to the many different types of tourists who are searching for an authentic  insight into local life.

The first section, ‘Recommendations for Tour Operators,’ presents simple, concrete actions which tour operators can take during the cycle of:

i) Surveying and fine-tuning CBT products to meet your needs;
ii) Training key tour operator staff (tour guides and sales staff);
iii) Marketing CBT effectively, responsibly and with added value;
iv) Back-stopping CBT operations with effective teamwork;
v) Monitoring and improving CBT for guests and community members.

The second section introduces the ‘Thai CBT Standard,’ developed by Thailand Community Based Tourism Institute (CBT-I) between 2005 and 2014, with input from several hundred Thai tourism stakeholders, including 40 tour operators, 60 local Thai communities, tourism associations, government, NGO’s and academics.

The standard is a useful resource for creating shared understanding, when working with communities. Criteria are related to service, safety and sustainability. Tour operators and communities can use the standard to identify strengths and weaknesses in CBT sites, and agree together on priorities for improvement.

The third section presents four case studies of successful CBT-tour operator partnerships, by Intrepid Travel and Peak Adventure Travel Group, Exotissimo Travel and Thailand Autrement. Each case highlights specific lessons learned.

The final section, ‘Working with the Thailand CBT Network Coordination Center (CBT-N CC) defines the commonly agreed roles and responsibilities of members (communities) and partners (tour operators) of the Thailand CBT Network. Roles and responsibilities of the CBT Network Coordination Center are also defined.

The Thailand Community Based Tourism Institute (CBT-I) team hope that this is a useful resource. More info: www.cbt-i.org

Note: The handbook was written for Thai tour operators, working with Thailand CBT Network Coordination Center. However, much of the content will be useful for other stakeholders and other countries which have an emerging CBT sector.

In this article, the position that there is a good case for sustainable food tourism despite the negative impact on the climate caused by tourism and travelling practices is argued. This requires, however, that we develop well-designed sustainable food experiences. We need to redesign and rethink the very idea of the food experience with particular focus on participation, the role of the consumer, the accessibility of the food design, and the potential of local contexts, to give some universal examples. This does not mean that sustainable food tourism is or can become carbon neutral. It means that the job of the food designer is to offer climate-friendly solutions and, maybe more importantly, that sustainable food experience designers should focus on how to inspire more sustainable food consumption and anti-consumerist lifestyles beyond the context of the experience. These arguments are presented via a case study of a sustainable food experience from the Faroe Islands.

Steps towards improved participation? An analysis of classroom talk and the "ladder of interaction" in the Japanese context AdissertationbyTimMarchand March2010 submittedinpartialcompletionoftheMScdegreeinTeachingEnglishtoSpeakersofOtherLanguages Abstract

The main purpose of this research is to identify and emphasize the potential for tourism with major focus on the development of sustainable or responsible dam site tourism correlated with pro-poor tourism at Maithon Dam, managed by Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), situated at West Bengal and Jharkhand border. Since DVC's major thrusts are concerned with flood control, water management and irrigation, recreational importance has been disregarded to a great extent although the dam site holds considerable prospects for pleasure tourism. Despite tourism industry being established at Maithon Dam site, the extreme seasonal character of tourism and inadequate infrastructural development of the region generates an uncongenial effect on the environment coupled with poverty issues among the local livelihoods. There is lack of tourism driven employment opportunities and insignificant local socioeconomic growth, hence attention is given to tourism as a vehicle for unlocking opportunities for the poor. Methodology employed is both descriptive and investigative while data were collected with the help of questionnaire from purposively selected samples of locals, tourists and visitors of the Dam site and its surroundings. Therefore the present paper analyses and justifies the latent tourism potentiality of the Maithon Dam site, effort being put on securing sustainability of tourism and empowerment of local livelihoods economically.

This paper contributes to the debate over the validity of community-based tourism (CBT) as a development and poverty reduction strategy in the rural-peasant world. In this debate, researchers tend to compare and contrast specific experiences on which they have conducted fieldwork. This implies limitations in the analysis: conclusions may be biased, leading to circular unresolved discussions. This article introduces a structural analysis, to discover whether CBT has intrinsic characteristics which mean that as an instrument of development cooperation it increases the risks typically involved in social intervention. It applies the concept of the Social Vocation of the Territory (SVT), adapted from Land Suitability concepts used in geography and environmental studies. SVT is a historical process in which land and local society adapt over time to reach equilibrium in specific uses of natural and social resources. Employing this concept on South American case studies, this article concludes that CBT can have limitations as an instrument of development cooperation and poverty reduction, because of increasing peasant differentiation, social unrest, problems with local decision making, lack of local tourism business knowledge and training, pseudo-participation, and work and time restructuring.  Use of the SVT concept can help CBT in certain very specific circumstances.

Ecotourism or sustainable tourism, which is often advocated especially in natural areas for relaxation. The richness of natural areas in Malaysia has led ecotourism to become one of the fast-growing industries within the nation. A full understanding of ecotourism practices in planning, development and resource management is therefore needed to ensure sustainability without causing environmental degradation. The goal of this study is to discover the impacts of created resources (e.g.: tourism infrastructure and range of activities) and supporting resources (e.g.: destination accessibility and quality of tourism services) towards competitiveness of tourism destinations from both the perspective of domestic and international tourists along with the moderation of social media marketing.

This paper explores the relationship between tourism and the challenges of governance in the Arctic region. Recently, both political and academic interest in the Arctic has been on the rise as a result of the increasing geopolitical importance of the region. Changes of the climatic conditions and melting of the Arctic ice caps have resulted in increased access to the “world´s last wilderness”. The increased access and interest are contributing to a growing number of tourists visiting the North. As yearly arrivals continue to rise, a number of problematic issues need to be addressed. This paper reviews the main instruments relevant to the discussion of tourism currently employed in the governance of the Arctic, and critically evaluates the insufficiencies of the current legal framework for Arctic governance and regulation of tourism in the Arctic. It concludes that although tourism in the Arctic has a number of advantages, particularly for the indigenous populations, the current legal and regulatory framework in the region lacks the scope and authority to minimize the potential (and increasing) environmental, economic, and social risks associated with increased tourism and other human activity in the region.

With the rising demand for ecotourism in today's dynamic global environment ecotourism operators may face difficulties in competing with one another to market available products and services for diverse customers. Therefore, an improved understanding of how tourists acquire information about a destination is important in destination marketing. Primary objectives of this paper are to identify consumer segments for forest-based ecotourism market in Sri Lanka based on traveler external information search behavior and develop customer profiles in terms of demographic, socioeconomic , and customers' actual travel decisions. Data were gathered by conducting face to face interviews using a pre tested questionnaire at three selected publicly-managed, forest-based, protected areas with diverse ecological variations and differing ecotourism settings in Sri Lanka. The sample population consisted of domestic and international travelers from age 18 years or above. During the study period, from the opening to the closure, every third tourist exiting from three sites were interviewed. This study identifies four distinct market segments, 1) impulsive searchers, 2) active seekers, 3) passive seekers and, 4) provider dependents, based on ecotourists' utilization of external information sources in selecting forest-based tourism destinations. Also this paper compares derived segments in the context of ecotourists' actual travel related decisions, such as destination choice, estimated expenses and the length of stay at the destination which are important factors for destination marketers to make marketing decisions to attract their interested market segments. Further, study findings can help marketers to identify the source of information and information distribution channel to attract their relevant segments and by using this information marketers can attract different segments during different seasons of the year.

Although the function of protecting socially important tangible assets is often carried out by the state, the sensitivity or awareness of the local people living in the region makes a significant difference in the level of protection of cultural heritage. In the cases where the public has awareness of conservation and participate in conservation activities, great successes are achieved. Tourism activities play a leading role in achieving this success or especially in developing a conservation attitude. In this study, it was aimed to determine the knowledge level, thoughts on the protection of the area, the attitude towards participating in conservation activities and supporting tourism development of the local people living around Sarıkaya Basilica Therma located in Sarıkaya district of Yozgat, which was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Temporary List in 2018. In addition to this, it is aimed to determine the difference of the attitude of participating in protecting cultural heritage according to the demographic characteristics of the people of Sarıkaya. Within the scope of the research, 273 people were reached and a questionnaire form consisting of 23 questions with closed ends and options was applied. As a result of the analysis made on the data obtained, it was found that the level of knowledge of the public regarding cultural heritage and the behavior that supports tourism development is quite high, but the attitude to participate in protection is low. In addition, significant differences were found in the attitudes of local people to participate in protection in terms of age, education, active work and the number of households.

The inscription of heritage sites by United Nation Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is not permanent
unless efforts are taken to preserve the sites as monitoring is
done by United Nations Environment Program-World Conservation
Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) together with UNESCO and
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) [1]. As
George Town and Melaka has been inscribed as Historic Cities of
The Straits of Malacca with unique architectural and townscape in
2008, it is critical to enhance and maintain its heritage value through
systematic plan of conservation. Conservation planning is critical to
sustainability of heritage buildings and the development of heritage
tourism in George Town. Dilapidated heritage buildings are eyesore
and undeniably hurt the aesthetics of an area especially for
visitors and tourists to George Town Penang and could possibly
lead to delisting of George Town and Melaka from UNESCO world’s
heritage list. The dilapidated heritage buildings within the core and
buffer zone of the heritage enclave in George Town are in need for
urgent attention by building or land owner and the local authorities.
The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the importance
of preservation of dilapidated heritage building in sustaining heritage
tourism development and discuss the critical elements to be
considered in conservation of dilapidated heritage buildings that are
located in the sensitive area of the core and buffer zones within the
heritage enclave of George Town.

El turismo es una importante fuente de creación de empleos, y es por ello que en muchos países, los decisores de políticas públicas están interesados en desarrollar este sector. Las estadísticas pueden esclarecer la contribución de la actividad a la creación de puestos de trabajo, y orientar las políticas al respecto. En este trabajo se analizaron algunas características del empleo en el sector turismo en Argentina, en base a la EPH (INDEC) y la Encuesta de Ocupación Hotelera y Parahotelera (EOH, INDEC-SECTUR). Se abordan aspectos metodológicos, las distintas fuentes de información disponibles, y la integración de estas estimaciones a otras metodologías utilizadas para las cuentas nacionales y el cálculo del impacto económico del turismo, como la Cuenta Satélite de Turismo. También se abordan aspectos relativos a la necesidad de organización institucional del relevamiento de la información en esta temática, para garantizar el acceso a fuentes de información y la continuidad en el tiempo de las estimaciones.

síntesis, muy influida por la academia occidental y los referentes nacionales, busca en primer término, desarrollar un panorama de la historia y exploración académica referido al estado de la cuestión en el campo de los estudios antropológicos sobre la religión. Es asimismo una postura de cátedra sobre el contenido introductorio a la temática y cada una de las oraciones volcadas en las filminas, es un juego de hipótesis en cuya sumatoria nos propone pensar en el producto general de los pensamientos de estudiosos y científicos. En segundo término busca seguir los presentes conceptos específicos:

Bandarban is regarded as one of the most attractive travel destinations in Bangladesh. This is the most potential tourist destination that will certainly flourish in near future. But no significant attempts have been made to explore and exploit this potential sector in Bandarban. Consequently, the benefit of tourism has remained very limited for the local people. The purpose of the study was to identify and explore different trekking routes of Bandarban for adventure-loving tourists. Further, another objective was to identify possible further involvement of the local communities in tourism through which they can upgrade their economic status. Community-based tourism development can be the most suitable concept not only for community development but for tourism development in Bandarban also. In this study, some potential trekking trails have been identified as well as discovering some potential ways of involving local ethnic communities living alongside the trekking trails in tourism.

This article examines five common misunderstandings about case-study research: (a) theoretical knowledge is more valuable than practical knowledge; (b) one cannot generalize from a single case, therefore, the single-case study cannot contribute to scientific development; (c) the case study is most useful for generating hypotheses, whereas other methods are more suitable for hypotheses testing and theory building; (d) the case study contains a bias toward verification; and (e) it is often difficult to summarize specific case studies. This article explains and corrects these misunderstandings one by one and concludes with the Kuhnian insight that a scientific discipline without a large number of thoroughly executed case studies is a discipline without systematic production of exemplars, and a discipline without exemplars is an ineffective one. Social science may be strengthened by the execution of a greater number of good case studies.