Sustainable

Introducción: El municipio de Plato, se localiza al margen derecho del Río Magdalena (Colombia), donde se han  presentado procesos erosivos generados por la alta deforestación y variación climática.

Objetivo: Analizar multitemporalmente las zonas afectadas, monitorearlas y estimar el grado de vulnerabilidad que presentan por erosión e inundación.

Metodología: Para la ejecución de la investigación fue necesario la realización de mapas y procesamiento de imágenes satelitales (Landsat) en la obtención del índice de vegetación normalizada (NDVI) y digitalización de rondas hídricas, estableciéndose zonas deforestadas, inundadas, comportamiento de cobertura de suelo, mapa de vulnerabilidad de la zona y prospectiva (estadística) de posibles escenarios y comportamientos de la cobertura vegetal.

Resultados: Se delimitaron cinco (5) zonas susceptibles a amenazas potenciales con base a factores causantes de erosionar, modificar, afectar las propiedades y condiciones de los bancos u orrillares. La zona susceptible a baja erosión comprende un área aproximada de 55.811.511 m2 equivalente aproximadamente al 50% del área de estudio, abarcando parte del sector norte y noreste, presenta una vegetación variada y cambiante que permite una mayor resistencia o una mejor respuesta frente agentes erosivos; y la zona susceptible a alta inundación comprende un área de 25.901.750 m2 equivalente aproximadamente al 23% del sector evaluado, ubicada entre el Río Magdalena, municipio de Plato y los cuerpos de agua de la ciénaga de Zárate.

Conclusiones: La correlación multitemporal presenta patrones para la temporada de lluvias con mayor vegetación, resistencia del suelo ante procesos erosivos y zonas inundadas; contrario a la temporada de sequía, ostentando disminución significativa de los diferentes tipos de vegetación, exposición y erosión del suelo

Despite the demonstrated potential of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.; RP) for grazing in the southeastern USA (Ortega-S. et al. 1992), high establishment cost and removal of land from production during establishment have limited its use to primarily hay production systems. The premise of this experiment is that strip-planting RP in existing bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) pastures offers the opportunity to use grass forage during the legume establishment phase so that land need not be totally removed from grazing, while allowing successful establishment of the legume.

Green manufacturing cuts across every aspect of manufacturing including product development, process technologies, energy consumption and material flow. Becoming green can be viewed as a process where we start using more eco-friendly manufacturing resources that have low embedded energy and come from renewable resources. Green Manufacturing covers the whole life cycle of product, from requirements specification, design, manufacturing, and maintenance to final discarding. Green design is the most significant part of product's life cycle. Term "green" means that design should consider the product's impact on the environment and causes minimal pollution. This term includes such important approaches as design for the environment (DFE), design for disassembly (DFD), and design for recycling (DFR). Manufacturers can think about the end-of-life approaches across a wide range of products they use in production processes, for example, different machines, machinetools, material handling equipment, cranes, etc. The anal

This Little Book tells you what Speculative Design is, what the benefits for policy-making are, and how it can be used by policy-makers. This book is based on our research conducted for the ProtoPolicyAsia: empowering local communities and Government in Malaysia in addressing social issues in ageing and disabilities, funded by the AHRC.

The papers provide substantial case study material of varied practical experiences, combined with reflection on the emerging findings concerning uses of SL. Some focus on specific types of application of SL approaches (e.g. project design, impact assessment) and some on their application to specific sectors (e.g. water, tourism).

This study assessed the effects of exploitations in natural forest ecosystem on tree species diversity and environmental conservation. This was achieved by comparing tree species diversity and yield in an unlogged forest (inviolate/strict nature reserve) and part of the forest reserve where active logging is in progress. Both forest types are located in Akure Forest reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria. Eight plots (20 × 20m) were located in each site using systematic sampling technique. All living trees with dbh > 10cm were identified in each plot and categorized into families. Ddiameter at breast height was measured from each of the trees in each plot. This was used to compute basal area and volume. Relative frequency, relative density and habitat occupancy were obtained and compared. Shannon-Weiner and species evenness indices were used to assess and compare tree species diversity and abundance. The result shows that the tropical humid forest is very rich in tree species diversity as a total of 54 different tropical hardwood species from 24 families were encountered in both forest types. There are 46 species distributed among 21 families in the inviolate forest while 24 species in 14 families were in the logged forest. Higher values of Shannon-Weiner (3.16 and 3.03 for inviolate and logged respectively) and evenness index (0.83 and 0.81) are also obtained for the inviolate and logged forest respectively. The stand density in the inviolate is 555 stems/ha and that of the logged forest is 132 stems/ha. A mean dbh of 39.35 cm and 14.24 cm, basal area of 10.34 m 2 /ha and 2.14 m 2 /ha and volume of 1235.04 m 3 and 14.81 m 3 were obtained for the inviolate and logged forests respectively. In the inviolate forest, the species with the highest number of occurrence is Mansonia altissima (80stems/ha) and Caesalpinoidae and Sterculiaceae families have the highest number of species (6). In the logged forest, Triplochiton scleroxylon (18 stems/ha) has the highest frequency and Caesalpinoidae family has the highest number of species (4). There are significant differences in all the variables estimated (P < 0.5) with result from the inviolate forest having the highest value. The study concluded that exploitation has affected species diversity in the ecosystem and subsequently, the roles of trees in environmental conservation are affected.

Heightened interest in renewable energy has produced a spate of new research into the feasibility of forest biomass as a feedstock. The US Northeast is one of the few regions worldwide that supports both a large forest resource and a relatively high population density and hence energy demand. This paper outlines economic, ecological, and social considerations that must be addressed in order to achieve a sustainable forest biomass industry. Issues include sustaining the forest resource, understanding forest landowner attitudes, ensuring adequate harvesting capacity and related forest industry infrastructure, devising recommended harvest practices, demand analysis, and the development of a range of technologies that will be vying for the forest biomass resource. Recent studies focusing on sustainable supply issues include consideration of species growth and harvesting rates, as well as development of best practices to insure long-term site productivity and stream water quality. The capacity of the existing forest industry must expand with the additional demand for increased production of forest biomass. Public policy, landowner attitudes, and consideration of other social values will all play important roles in how the forest biomass industry develops. Though the research, data, and examples presented focus on the US Northeast, many of these issues have broad application to other regions of the world given appropriate consideration for local differences.

Biological façade (biofacade) is an ecological friendly building design. Biofacade represents a new idea that is beneficial in reducing carbon in the atmosphere and provide food or medicine, benefiting both the environment and people. There obstacles such as pests and diseases which attacked the plants, causing loss of productivity and photosynthesis system on plants. Without proper prevention, these plants cannot survive until the end of their life span, which and this is one of the main problems for biofacade in the tropical environment. This paper discusses the maintenance of biofacade, including the prevention of pests and diseases that attack wall-climbing legume plants such as Bemisia tabaci and fungi. Four types of legume, namely the Pisum sativum, Vigna unguiculatasesquipedalis, Psophocarpus tetrogonobulus and Phaseolus vulgaris were studied. The plants were allowed to overgrow on a chain-fence attached to a typical brick wall at Desasiswa Tekun, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The plants were grown from January until May 2010. Every legume species were grown from seedlings. There were three pots for each species; altogether there were 12 potted plants. In the first month of growth, the seedlings were grown under 50 % of shade and were subsequently transferred under open sunlight after its maturation. All potted plants received direct afternoon sunlight from 1 pm until 5 pm. The dry weight of the pods was taken during the observations. Pisum sativum and Vigna unguiculatasesquipedalis was recorded on the average of 58.1 g and 18.8 g, respectively. Dry weight and carbon sequestration were become the sub-topic. In addition, control and prevention study were listed on the end of discussion.

The term 'environmental communication' is very much related to the concept of environmental governance. It is in fact a new idea in the history of the sustainable development on this earth. The scholars of the present age have been focusing the need for the environmental communication for attaining sustainable development. It is based on the good governance mechanisms, environment and human rights issue along with the spirits of the different religions, etc. But it faces numerous problems such as the lack of education, insufficient advertisement, attitudes to looking for profits, lack of religious practice including ethics, etc. In order to ensure sustainable development for our generation to generation, the environmental communication is very essential. In this regard, some laws in different countries such as the Information Act, the Environmental Court Act along with many international environmental laws such as the Stockholm Conference 1972; the World Charter for Nature; the Basel Convention 1989; the EC Directive on Environmental Information 1991; the Industrial Accidents Convention 1992; the Eco-Labelling Legislation, etc.; may be discussed. It is based on the access to information, public participation; access to justice as per the Aarhus Convention 1998 which is remarkable for the purposes of sustainable development on this planet, our home. The study urges the concerned authorities to implement the existing legal foundations on this earth for our own existence and interest. A case study may also be done at the Department of Media and Communication, the University of Malay, Malaysia based on the primary and secondary sources.

The dissolution of colemanite waste in oxalic acid solutions was studied in a batch reactor, and the characterization of colemanite waste was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis and X‐ray Fluorescence analysis. The dissolution parameters in this study were acid concentration, stirring speed, and reaction temperature, and it was observed that the dissolution rate increased with increasing reaction temperature. The experimental data were examined by using homogeneous and heterogeneous kinetic models, and the dissolution kinetics of the waste was determined to be a pseudo‐first‐order homogeneous reaction control model. The activation energy of colemanite waste in oxalic acid solution was calculated to be 27.80 kJ/mol. Thus, pure boric acid crystals can be produced using of colemanite waste, and this can benefit the environment and the economy. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 1111–1116, 2014

This study was undertaken to evaluate the response of teosinte (Zea mexicana L.) and intersubspecific hybrids to heat stress, in particular productivity. Unlike maize (Zea mays L.), teosinte demonstrated thermophilic properties, namely lower heat injury, sustained chlorophyll content under heat stress (36−45°C) and high percentage survival of seedlings (at 55°C). Teosinte also had the ability to produce large plant biomass (27% and 55% higher yield than maize under non-stressed and stress conditions, respectively) and therefore could be exploited as a forage crop. However, teosinte forage had low animal intake (1.48 kg day–1) because of high pubescence density (10.38 view–1) and low sweetness (9.90°Brix). There was a high percentage of heterosis in variable intersubspecific crosses and traits, and a high magnitude of over-dominance for many traits, for example 5.93–7.06 for total biomass plant–1. Hybrids showed additional advantages, including high oil (20% and 4%) and protein (14% ...

Tourism and technology grow quickly generating behaviors that force challenges and dynamic decision-making. Tourist destinations have to deal with a complex environment that makes their competitive position dependent on Information and Communications Technology (ICT). As all citizens can be connected, better informed and engaged, the concept of Smart Destination needs to integrate tourism planning and territory services for the visitor. This will influence the motivation of tourists when they choose their holiday destination. The aim of this work is to create a theoretical and practical conceptualization of Smart Island, using the case of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain), one of the first Smart Island in the world.

Background Health-promoting programmes must demonstrate sustained efficacy in order to make a true impact on public health. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Healthy Incentive for Pre-schools project on health-promoting practices in full-day-care pre-schools 18 months after a training intervention. Methods Thirty-seven pre-schools completed the initial study and were included in this follow-up study. The intervention consisted of one training session with either the pre-school ‘manager-only’ or ‘manager and staff’ using a specifically developed needs-based training resource pack comprised of written educational material and a validated health-promoting practice evaluation tool. Direct observation data of health-promoting practices were collected and allocated a score using the evaluation tool by a research dietitian at three time points; pre-intervention, between 6 and 9 months post-intervention and at 18-month follow-up. An award system was used to incentivise pre-sch...

zeszyty naukowe uniwersytetu szczecińskiego nr 869 problemy transportu i logistyki nr 29 2015 raúl oscar dichiara, María a. Viceconte, nicolás castro * It is estimated that damages in the quality of the meat because of the applications of the not sustainable behaviours like hit of the animals and the so-called "dark cut" or DFD (Dry proficient Dark) cause losses at least comparably with the nutrition of half a million people.

In the developing countries, the syndrome of low level of safety practices are common phenomenon among construction firms when trying to achieve speedy delivery of construction projects. Various researchers have established factors causing accidents on project sites under unsafe conditions and behaviour of construction workers. This study examined construction safety education embedded in Architecture, Building Technology and Quantity Surveying curricula in some selected tertiary institutions in South-Western Nigeria. Secondary data were sourced from the National Universities Commission (NUC) and National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) curricula through desk review. The descriptive assessment underscored insufficient knowledge coverage because there is no particular course titled construction health and safety in the construction programs curricula. Also, the three top knowledge areas of the respondents on safety practice were: use of personal protective wears, injury and illn...

II PART FOUR: EVALUATION OF SURVEY RESULTS CHAPTER SIX: SPATIAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INNER AND OUT-OF CITY DISTRICTS V1.1. Introduction ________________ _ V1.2. Size, Area and Population Density of the Settlements ____ VI.3. Location of Residences Relative to the CSD _______ VI.4. Land Use Characteristics ______________ V1.5. Socio-economic Characteristics of Residents _______ VI.5.1. Household Structure ______________ VI.5.2. Socio-Economic Characteristics of Trip Makers ______ CHAPTER SEVEN: TRAVEL DEMAND PATTERNS OF THE INNER AND OUT-OF CITY RESIDENTS -A PROFILE V11.1.

The useful life of concrete in areas prone to freezing and thawing has been a challenge for its preservation, since these environments cause cracks and deterioration in the material. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine a concrete durable to freezing and thawing under the standards of ASTM 666, which is made of a material of the fourth glaciation-the morainic aggregate, for which air incorporating additive was used. Preliminarily, for compressive strength, values of 33.72 MPa were obtained in the samples without incorporating air subjected to freezing and thawing; however, in the samples when incorporating air subjected to freezing and thawing, it was reduced to 31.18 MPa. Next, for the tensile strength, values of 3.88 MPa were obtained in the samples without incorporating air subjected to freezing and thawing; however, in the samples when incorporating air subjected to freezing and thawing, it was reduced to 3.31 MPa. Finally, it is concluded that the use of morainic aggregate in concrete improves compressive and tensile strength. Despite the moderate loss of strength due to freeze-thaw cycles, the concrete still retains superior mechanical strength compared to its design strength.

RESÚMEN Este trabajo es una revisión bibliográfica sobre el manejo de praderas asociadas de gramíneas con leguminosas para mejorar la calidad de la dieta del animal e incrementar la productividad de las praderas, así como mantener la proporción de los ...

The civil engineering and architectural communities are highly focused these days on designing buildings that maximize utilization of energy available from natural resources through means such as passive solar heating and passive ventilation and minimizing the consumption of energy produced external to the building itself. Indeed, so-called net-zero-energy buildings, which would require no net energy input for their operation, have been identified as an aspirational goal for architects and engineers. It has been suggested that for each of the four major climate zones there exists an optimal building morphology, consisting of floor plan geometry and placement of the primary structural system for lateral loads, the structural core or wall, which contains major mechanical services and vertical transportation conduits. This paper presents a quantitative study of the effect of building morphology on energy performance in each of the four climate zones. The energy analysis is performed using Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011. Four building morphologies are investigated, each representing a high-rise commercial building with equivalent area, height, and material use. For comparison, results are presented in terms of annual sensible heating and cooling loads. A threedimensional rendering of how the different building types might respond under wind loads is presented to indicate how the environmental and structural performances become coupled when the building is designed only with environmental performance in mind.

Caspian Sea coastlines in Iran have been opened to tourists for 'sun-sea-sand' holiday purpose and have created dynamic ecological sources for many economic activities in the region. However, these coastal areas have been exposed to critical situation of losing their attractiveness due to lack of balance between tourism activities and natural environment operations. Development of sustainable tourism can be a suitable way to solve the problem. Accordingly, having public awareness about existing unfavorable environmental consequences of tourism activities in the region is the first step toward sustainability in the area. As such, the need for further contribution to and reflection of adverse environmental impacts which have been partially derived from tourism activities seems to be considered. Consequently, this paper explores negative environmental impacts of tourism in Caspian Sea Coasts in Iran. The study, subsequently, evaluates the existed regulations and policies regarding the issues in southern part of Caspian Sea coastal areas.

As winter sets in, many homeowners rely on their furnaces to provide consistent warmth and comfort. However, without proper maintenance, even the best heating systems can struggle to perform when you need them most. Regular upkeep of your furnace helps prevent unexpected failures, boosts efficiency, and prolongs the lifespan of your heating system.

ce projet s'inscrit dans le cadre du renforcement de la résilience urbaine des villes dans les zones arides et semi-arides. Il consiste à mettre en place une pépinière potagère et arboricole afin de renforcer la trame verte dans la ville de Tunis et produire les plants pour le développement des arbres d'alignement

Los recursos naturales, como factor de produccion, tienen desde su uso, la doble caracteristica de generar riqueza o pobreza. La relacion sociedad-naturaleza sera la que haga posible una u otra realidad y el biocomercio, aparece como estrategia generadora de desarrollo endogeno y como alternativa de bienestar y calidad de vida para la comunidad que reclama urgentemente soluciones a sus problemas de pobreza.

Sustainable development of the built environment in developing countries is a major challenge in the 21st century. The use of local materials in construction of buildings is one of the potential ways to support sustainable development in both urban and rural areas. Building with Compressed Earthen Blocks (CEBs) is becoming more popular due to their low cost and relative abundance of materials. The proposed Green-Compressed Earth Block (GCEB) consists of ordinary CEB ingredients plus Banana fibers, which will be the focus of this study. Banana fibers are widely available worldwide as agricultural waste from Banana cultivation. Banana fibers are environmentally friendly and present important attributes, such as low density, light weight, low cost, high tensile strength, as well as being water and fire resistant. This kind of waste has a greater chance of being utilized for different application in construction and building materials. This focused on the use of banana fiber and its effect on the compressive and flexural strength in CEB. The deflection at the mid-span of the blocks studied was calculated using the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT). The results of this study will highlight general trends in the strength properties of different soil mixes for CEBs. These efforts are necessary to ensure that GCEB technology becomes more widely accepted in the world of building materials and is considered a reliable option for providing low-cost housing.

ABET) adopted recently a new set of criteria for evaluating engineering programmes. One of these (criterion 3) refers to programme outcomes and assessment. In this article, the author describes the design and implementation of a sustainable, systematic process for defining and assessing programme outcomes. This process involves analysing each outcome into elements, defining a set of attributes for each element, selecting outcome indicators and performance targets, and developing special rubrics for an accurate assessment of student skills. The author also describes a systematic way of addressing specific programme outcomes through course and curriculum design. Each outcome is assessed in a group of selected courses in an effort coordinated by several faculty members. Course changes are implemented as necessary to increase students' achievements in critical areas. The focus of this effort is to create a process that facilitates the continuous improvement of a programme.

Starting from the rehabilitation of the areas invaded by undesirable plants, strategic organic and mineral fertilization in a limited way and together to the establishment of bank protein it is possible to achieve positive balances of contribution-requirements for the year 2006 with PDIN values of 92,7kg, 230,6Kg of PDIE and covering the EM requirements to feed 1189 cows with Production levels of 6,9Kg/vaca will be able to take place around 1.545.134.00Kg/Milk/year equivalent to a producción/ha of 1.852Kg. and a load of 2,2 UGM/ha with cows with corporal condition of 3,1 points. They lean on the results in the use of the GIS as a tool for decisions taking of and the use of databases for the animal handling.

Shell structure has a unique thin, curved plate shaped yet strong enough to transmit applied forces by compressions but only being constructed as a roof structure with minor external load applied onto it. The objectives of this research are to study the feasibility in proposing elevated shell platforms in resisting heavy loading, to investigate the effect of shell geometric on elevated shell platforms and to identify the suitable shell geometric as economic and sustainable in construction development. Five different geometries of shell structure have been proposed which are dome, cone, pendentive, clam shape and leaf-like shape. LUSAS software has been used to analyze the different geometries of the shell and study the effect of stresses and deformation. The optimum height was determined by convergence test and proceeded to the modelling phase to obtain the output of stresses. In findings, this study has justified that the elevated shell platform is feasible to be applied in sustainable industry development and the effect of each different geometric has been identified by stress comparison. Most suitable geometric which is toroidal has been determined by extracting the least value of maximum stresses produced, with the optimum surface area provided to accommodate the maximum load applied.

As governments the world over move to reduce global warming, public procurement has become an increasingly important means of leveraging governments’ vast purchasing power to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through “green” or environmentally sustainable procurement. This article reviews emerging strategies in green procurement in the European Union and the United States. The article notes that those green procurement strategies are remarkably consistent on both sides of the Atlantic, from sector-specific preferences for low-carbon products to eco-labels to life-cycle cost analyses which take into account broader environmental impacts. On both sides of the Atlantic, however, parallel problems have emerged as well. While initial efforts have been made to force firms to chronicle their products’ and services’ GHG emissions so that those emissions can be assessed (including in awarding contracts), those efforts have faltered politically in both the United States and the European Union because of the high costs of implementation. These initial results from both continents suggest that while green procurement can evolve in parallel around the world, using common strategies and devices, the costs of implementation — until now, a largely overlooked variable — may play a critical role in deciding which environmentally sustainable strategies are likeliest to succeed, at least in the short run.

The term 'environmental communication' is very much related to the concept of environmental governance. It is in fact a new idea in the history of the sustainable development on this earth. The scholars of the present age have been focusing the need for the environmental communication for attaining sustainable development. It is based on the good governance mechanisms, environment and human rights issue along with the spirits of the different religions, etc. But it faces numerous problems such as the lack of education, insufficient advertisement, attitudes to looking for profits, lack of religious practice including ethics, etc. In order to ensure sustainable development for our generation to generation, the environmental communication is very essential. In this regard, some laws in different countries such as the Information Act, the Environmental Court Act along with many international environmental laws such as the Stockholm Conference 1972; the World Charter for Nature; the Basel Convention 1989; the EC Directive on Environmental Information 1991; the Industrial Accidents Convention 1992; the Eco-Labelling Legislation, etc.; may be discussed. It is based on the access to information, public participation; access to justice as per the Aarhus Convention 1998 which is remarkable for the purposes of sustainable development on this planet, our home. The study urges the concerned authorities to implement the existing legal foundations on this earth for our own existence and interest. A case study may also be done at the Department of Media and Communication, the University of Malay, Malaysia based on the primary and secondary sources.

Charcoal is a major source for cooking energy in most African countries, for which demand from a burgeoning human population has sometimes outstripped the supply of wood from forests and woodland. Therefore, there is need to explore the potential of indigenous trees and shrubs for sustainable charcoal production. Acacia drepanolobium is an ideal candidate for sustained charcoal production because (a) it occurs in almost mono-speci®c stands in high densities over vast areas, (b) it coppices readily when harvested or top killed by ®re, (c) it's hard wood makes good quality charcoal, (d) income from its charcoal is an attractive source of supplemental revenue. Information on its biomass, charcoal yield, and regrowth rates are needed for informed management and its conservation for sustainable charcoal production, but this information is currently lacking. Suitability of A. drepanolobium for sustained charcoal yield in Laikipia, Kenya, was evaluated by developing predictive equations for standing biomass and charcoal production, and by undertaking a chrono-sequence analysis of its regrowth. Woody biomass was strongly related to stem diameter (Y3.77 x1.17, R 2 0.96, P<0.001). Mean charcoal production from earthen kilns was 2.83 Mg ha À1 . Height and stem diameter in coppicing stands increased at a mean rate of 28.6 cm year À1 and 0.7 cm year À1 respectively. Biomass in coppicing stands accumulated at a mean rate of 1.3 Mg ha À1 year À1 in a 14-year period, yielding dry biomass of 18.26 Mg ha À1 useable wood that can produce a minimum of 3.0 Mg ha À1 of charcoal. We propose that A. drepanolobium can be harvested for sustainable charcoal yield over a 14-year cycle. Production should be commercialized using modern kilns to improve ef®ciency and maximize yields.

The relevance of environmental activities has increased both in research and practice. Yet, there is only little systematic insight into such activities of firms, particularly regarding human resource management aspects. This study improves the empirical knowledge for the manufacturing sector, by exploring the incidence of environmental activities and by analysing the determinants of their use, particularly in terms of the incidence of environmental training activities for employees. Besides this, consequences of the incidence are analysed in terms of benefits for job satisfaction and employee retention/recruitment.

Pandemi COVID-19 telah memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap berbagai aspek ekonomi
global, termasuk pelaporan keuangan perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis
dampak pandemi terhadap kualitas pelaporan keuangan perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek
Indonesia (BEI). Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder yang
diperoleh dari laporan keuangan perusahaan selama periode sebelum dan selama pandemi. Analisis
berfokus pada indikator kualitas pelaporan keuangan seperti relevansi, keandalan, dan
keterbandingan informasi keuangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandemi COVID-19
memengaruhi kualitas pelaporan keuangan melalui penurunan transparansi, peningkatan
ketidakpastian, serta tantangan dalam penyajian informasi yang akurat dan tepat waktu. Penelitian
ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi regulator, auditor, dan manajemen perusahaan dalam
memahami dampak pandemi terhadap praktik pelaporan keuangan dan merancang strategi mitigasi
untuk meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan di masa depan.

Alternative Energy consumption is one of the great measures of progress and welfare of society. Since the sources of fossil and nuclear energy are finite is inevitable that at some point the demand can not be supplied, unless it is to discover and develop new methods for energy, these would be the alternative energy. That said it is also that abuse of current conventional energy today such as oil, coal combustion among other aggravating carry it problems such as pollution, increased greenhouse gases and drilling layer ozone. In the end, it focuses on describing the different types of alternative energy generation to reduce conventional energy consumption, to reduce the demand for energy production, taking the State of Mexico as a point of studying different areas such as topography, climate etc. which have impact on the project in order to improve the quality of the environment and be updated on the use of technologies. The conclusions take into account citizen participation in three municipalities of the region in which it is observed that the population does not have enough information about the subject, but are interested in knowing more about the research, making it more important to create an education environmental, the result was obtained thanks to the graphical query Census of Population and Housing. This project was conducted to provide an overview of how is electricity and households that do not have service, it is a guide to information on the different types of energy and raises the proposals to be made in different areas of study. This type of energy at present not look much but they are becoming a focus of study and implementation by countries and to improve the quality of life of its population and aiming at the reduction of pollution caused by generating conventional energy. As well as promoting research not only for the State of Mexico, but for any region of the world.

Indonesia is grappling with a mounting environmental challenge: littering. Plastic waste, bottles, and other trash are increasingly visible along canals, streets, and public spaces. This project focuses on addressing the negative impacts of littering through education and awareness campaigns. By understanding people’s attitudes toward littering through surveys, spreading knowledge via posters, and capturing public behavior in a social experience video, this project seeks to inspire individuals to adopt better waste management habits. The findings reveal two types of people: those who actively pick up litter and those who ignore it. This highlights an opportunity to transform mindsets and encourage collective action to create a cleaner and healthier environment.

Adams, P.D. (1988), "Some comparisons of recent estimates of agricultural supply elasticities for the Australian economy", Review of Marketing and Agricultural Economics 56 (3), 352-60. Agbola, F.W. (1999), The structure of production and investment in Australia's pastoral zone.

Taper and Volume models are used in the estimation of tree growth, stand structure, and timber yield. Forest managers utilize
these tools to help them make well-informed decisions on the planning and harvesting of forest resources. Hence, taper and
volume models were developed for three commercial timber species (Cedrela odorata (28yrs), Cordia alliodora (28yrs), and
Tectona grandis (25yrs)) in Gambari Forest Reserves, Oyo state, Nigeria. Systematic random sampling was used in collecting
the data for this study, with 10% sampling intensity used in each selected plantation. Forty-Eight (48) Temporary Sample
Plots (TSP) of equal size 20m x 20m were laid. All trees with diameter at breast height (Dbh) ≥ 10cm in each TSP were
enumerated. Taper models and volume models were developed using four and five selected models, respectively and the best
fit models were selected based on least Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Alkaike Information Criterion (AIC), highest
Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Weighted Score. In Cedrela odorata plantation, the Dbh and height were 28.85cm and
21.31cm, respectively. The Full Cubic model ( 𝑑 = 2.096 + 0.142𝐷 + 0.003𝐻 + 0.0007𝐷
2 + 0.009𝐻2 + 0.000015𝐷
3 +
0.00026𝐻3 + 0.0138𝐷𝐻 + 0.000013𝐷
2𝐻 + 0.00024𝐷𝐻2
) and Logistic model (𝑉 =
4.263
1+87.892𝑒−0.108𝐷
) were selected as the best
model to develop taper and volume models, respectively for Cedrela odorata; In Cordia alliodora plantation, the Dbh and
height were 21.94cm and 25.30cm, respectively. The Full Cubic model ( 𝑑 = 1.005 + 0.074𝐷 + 0.124𝐻 + 0.0003𝐷
2 +
0.009𝐻2 + 0.00006𝐷
3 + 0.0001𝐻3 + 0.0076𝐷𝐻 + 0.00019𝐷
2𝐻 + 0.00005𝐷𝐻2
) and Gompertz Relation model ( 𝑉 =
45.694−𝑒
1.937−0.227𝐷
) selected as the best model to develop taper and volume models, respectively for Cordia alliodora. In
Tectona grandis plantation, the Dbh and height were 19.82cm and 20.16cm respectively. The Full Cubic model (𝑑 = 1.471 +
0.105𝐷 + 0.287𝐻 + 0.021𝐷
2 + 0.031𝐻2 + 0.00029𝐷
3 + 0.0014𝐻3 + 0.0297𝐷𝐻 + 0.00196𝐷
2𝐻 + 0.00273𝐷𝐻2
) and Logistic
model 𝑉 =
4.985
1+132.608𝑒
−0.102𝐷
) were selected as the best model to develop taper and volume models respectively for Tectona
grandis plantation. The findings of the study will serve as a baseline guide and information that can be used for more accurate
estimation of timber yield of the selected tree species through the use of the developed models in Gambari Forest Reserve.

This paper is an Editorial for the special issue (SI) of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (RSER) devoted to the 12th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES), held from the 4th to 8th October 2017 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The key focus of RSER is to publish critical thinking across the wide field of renewable and sustainable energy. The journal publishes either pure review papers or research papers with a precise review element. Overall, the guest editors invited 36 papers presented on 12th SDEWES conference, of which 17 were accepted after rigorous peer review process. The SDEWES conferences present a continuous effort in gathering high level scientists and research papers across the field of sustainability and by now the amount of accumulated knowledge, through conference papers and special journal issues, is significant. Each SDEWES journal editorial presents a wider overview of special issue journal papers in order to maintain the continuation of knowledge generation on the main sustainability topics. The main topics covered in this RSER editorial include renewable energies with special focus on integration, markets and roadmaps, energy efficiency in buildings, industrial process and transport, bio based economy focused on bio based chemicals and biofuels, energy storage focused on batteries, thermal and geological storages and various sustainability assessments in several sectors and technologies. All were considered in light of the Circular Economy.

Railways form one of the major worldwide transportation networks and they continue to provide quick and safe public and freight transportation. In order to compete with other modes of transportation and to meet the ever growing demand of public and freight transport, railway industries face challenges to improve their efficiency and decrease the costs of maintenance and infrastructure. Large cyclic loading from heavy haul and passenger trains often leads to progressive deterioration of the track. The excessive deformations and degradations of the ballast layer and unacceptable differential settlement or pumping of underlying soft and compressible subgrade soils necessitate frequent costly track maintenance works. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent each year for the construction and maintenance of rail tracks in large countries like the USA, Canada and Australia. A proper understanding of load transfer mechanisms and their effects on track deformations are essential prerequisites for designing the new track and rehabilitating the existing one. The reinforcement of the track by means of geosynthetics leads to significant reduction in the downward propagation of stresses and assures more resilient long-term performance. The geocomposite (combination of biaxial geogrid and non-woven polypropylene geotextile) serves the functions of reinforcement, filtration and separation, thereby reducing the vertical and lateral deformations. To stabilise subgrade soil under rail tacks and road embankments, two advanced ground improvement schemes have been introduced. Stabilization of soft subgrade soils using prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is essential for improving overall stability of track and reducing the differential settlement during the train operation. The effectiveness of using geocomposite geosynthetic and PVDs has been observed through field measurements and elasto-plastic finite element analyses. These have been the first fully instrumented, comprehensive field trials carried out in Australian Railways, and it was very encouraging to see the field observations matching the numerical predictions. Moreover, the improvement of an unstable formation soil with pH neutral chemical admixture and the sub-surface drainage is described. Internal erosional behaviour of lignosulfonate treated erodible soils has been studied using the Process Simulation Apparatus for Internal Crack Erosion (PSAICE) designed and built at the University of Wollongong (UOW). Effectiveness of lignosulfonate treated erodible soils on the erosion resistance has been investigated and its advantages over conventional methods are presented and discussed.

Railways form one of the major worldwide transportation networks and they continue to provide quick and safe public and freight transportation. In order to compete with other modes of transportation and to meet the ever growing demand of public and freight transport, railway industries face challenges to improve their efficiency and decrease the costs of maintenance and infrastructure. Large cyclic loading from heavy haul and passenger trains often leads to progressive deterioration of the track. The excessive deformations and degradations of the ballast layer and unacceptable differential settlement or pumping of underlying soft and compressible subgrade soils necessitate frequent costly track maintenance works. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent each year for the construction and maintenance of rail tracks in large countries like the USA, Canada and Australia. A proper understanding of load transfer mechanisms and their effects on track deformations are essential prerequisites for designing the new track and rehabilitating the existing one. The reinforcement of the track by means of geosynthetics leads to significant reduction in the downward propagation of stresses and assures more resilient long-term performance. The geocomposite (combination of biaxial geogrid and non-woven polypropylene geotextile) serves the functions of reinforcement, filtration and separation, thereby reducing the vertical and lateral deformations. To stabilise subgrade soil under rail tacks and road embankments, two advanced ground improvement schemes have been introduced. Stabilization of soft subgrade soils using prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is essential for improving overall stability of track and reducing the differential settlement during the train operation. The effectiveness of using geocomposite geosynthetic and PVDs has been observed through field measurements and elasto-plastic finite element analyses. These have been the first fully instrumented, comprehensive field trials carried out in Australian Railways, and it was very encouraging to see the field observations matching the numerical predictions. Moreover, the improvement of an unstable formation soil with pH neutral chemical admixture and the sub-surface drainage is described. Internal erosional behaviour of lignosulfonate treated erodible soils has been studied using the Process Simulation Apparatus for Internal Crack Erosion (PSAICE) designed and built at the University of Wollongong (UOW). Effectiveness of lignosulfonate treated erodible soils on the erosion resistance has been investigated and its advantages over conventional methods are presented and discussed.

Railways form one of the major worldwide transportation networks and they continue to provide quick and safe public and freight transportation. In order to compete with other modes of transportation and to meet the ever growing demand of public and freight transport, railway industries face challenges to improve their efficiency and decrease the costs of maintenance and infrastructure. Large cyclic loading from heavy haul and passenger trains often leads to progressive deterioration of the track. The excessive deformations and degradations of the ballast layer and unacceptable differential settlement or pumping of underlying soft and compressible subgrade soils necessitate frequent costly track maintenance works. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent each year for the construction and maintenance of rail tracks in large countries like the USA, Canada and Australia. A proper understanding of load transfer mechanisms and their effects on track deformations are essential prerequisites for designing the new track and rehabilitating the existing one. The reinforcement of the track by means of geosynthetics leads to significant reduction in the downward propagation of stresses and assures more resilient long-term performance. The geocomposite (combination of biaxial geogrid and non-woven polypropylene geotextile) serves the functions of reinforcement, filtration and separation, thereby reducing the vertical and lateral deformations. To stabilise subgrade soil under rail tacks and road embankments, two advanced ground improvement schemes have been introduced. Stabilization of soft subgrade soils using prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is essential for improving overall stability of track and reducing the differential settlement during the train operation. The effectiveness of using geocomposite geosynthetic and PVDs has been observed through field measurements and elasto-plastic finite element analyses. These have been the first fully instrumented, comprehensive field trials carried out in Australian Railways, and it was very encouraging to see the field observations matching the numerical predictions. Moreover, the improvement of an unstable formation soil with pH neutral chemical admixture and the sub-surface drainage is described. Internal erosional behaviour of lignosulfonate treated erodible soils has been studied using the Process Simulation Apparatus for Internal Crack Erosion (PSAICE) designed and built at the University of Wollongong (UOW). Effectiveness of lignosulfonate treated erodible soils on the erosion resistance has been investigated and its advantages over conventional methods are presented and discussed.

Railways form one of the major worldwide transportation networks and they continue to provide quick and safe public and freight transportation. In order to compete with other modes of transportation and to meet the ever growing demand of public and freight transport, railway industries face challenges to improve their efficiency and decrease the costs of maintenance and infrastructure. Large cyclic loading from heavy haul and passenger trains often leads to progressive deterioration of the track. The excessive deformations and degradations of the ballast layer and unacceptable differential settlement or pumping of underlying soft and compressible subgrade soils necessitate frequent costly track maintenance works. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent each year for the construction and maintenance of rail tracks in large countries like the USA, Canada and Australia. A proper understanding of load transfer mechanisms and their effects on track deformations are essential prerequisites for designing the new track and rehabilitating the existing one. The reinforcement of the track by means of geosynthetics leads to significant reduction in the downward propagation of stresses and assures more resilient long-term performance. The geocomposite (combination of biaxial geogrid and non-woven polypropylene geotextile) serves the functions of reinforcement, filtration and separation, thereby reducing the vertical and lateral deformations. To stabilise subgrade soil under rail tacks and road embankments, two advanced ground improvement schemes have been introduced. Stabilization of soft subgrade soils using prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is essential for improving overall stability of track and reducing the differential settlement during the train operation. The effectiveness of using geocomposite geosynthetic and PVDs has been observed through field measurements and elasto-plastic finite element analyses. These have been the first fully instrumented, comprehensive field trials carried out in Australian Railways, and it was very encouraging to see the field observations matching the numerical predictions. Moreover, the improvement of an unstable formation soil with pH neutral chemical admixture and the sub-surface drainage is described. Internal erosional behaviour of lignosulfonate treated erodible soils has been studied using the Process Simulation Apparatus for Internal Crack Erosion (PSAICE) designed and built at the University of Wollongong (UOW). Effectiveness of lignosulfonate treated erodible soils on the erosion resistance has been investigated and its advantages over conventional methods are presented and discussed.