Sulawesi selatan

Dalam artikel ini, kami menyajikan isi perjanjian Bone-Luwu yang diambil dari sebuah sure' (kisah orang-orang dahulu) yang berjudul "Iyanae Sure' Poada-Adaengngi Ulu Adanna Torioloe (Inilah Sure' yang Menceritakan Ketetapan Perjajian Orang-Orang Dahulu)".

Abstrak
Rumput laut merupakan salah satu potensi sumber daya maritime yang dapat di jadikan sebagai mata pencaharian masyarakat pesisir daerah yang membudidayakan rumput laut, sehingga dapat mengangkat pendapatan masyarakat sekitarnya(khususnya kabuapaten baru Sulawesi selatan).masyarakat di kabupaten baaru Sulawesi selatan yang membudidayakan rumput laut mendapat banyak keuntungan dari adanya pembudidayaan ini. Status budidaya rumput laut di Sulawesi Selatan telah dinobatkan oleh pemerintah setempat sebagai salah satu komoditas unggulan di sektor perikanan. Terpilihnya komoditas rumput laut sebagai komoditas unggulan dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa aspek yaitu budidaya rumput laut bersifat mudah dilakukan, bersifat massal, cepat panen, tidak padat modal, menyerap tenaga kerja, permintaan tinggi, dan harga yang menguntungkan (Nurdjana, 2006). Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis potensi kabupaten barru Sulawesi se latan sebagai pembudidaya rumput laut, keuntungan kabupaten barru sebagai wilayang pembudidaya rumput laut, dan mengetahui masalah serta solusi dari masalah kabupaten barru sebagai pembudidaya rumput laut. Di karenakan masa pandemic yang di hadapi sekarang ini maka Sumber data dari artikel ini di ambil secara selektif dari beberapa jurnal dan laporan penelitian yang terkait dengan judul artikel ini. Tujuan dari artikel ini yaitu mengetahui potensi wilayah kabupaten barru yang di jadikan sebagai pembudidayaa n rumput laut, serta mengetahui kendala atau hal-hal yang menjadi masalah dari pembudidayaan rumput laut di kabupaten barru Sulawesi selatan dan cara mengatasi kendala tersebut. Selain mengetahui kedua hal tersebut, artikel ini juga memaparkan hal-halyang menjadi keuntungan wilayang yang menjadi pembudidaya rumput laut, khususnya kabupaten barru Sulawesi selatan
kata kunci : masyarakat maritime, pembudidayaan rumput laut, potensi rumput laut, keuntungan pembudidayaan rumput laut, kendala pembudidayaan rumput laut

Kritik Bentuk adalah teknik kajian teks yang kuat, awalnya disusun oleh para peneliti Injil abad ke 19, tetapi kini diterapkan pada teks-teks naratif dari banyak budaya. Kritik Bentuk dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi genre atau bentuk lazim sebuah teks, lalu menentukan latar sosiologis atau “situasi dalam kehidupan nyata” (Jerman: Sitz im Leben) teks tersebut. Penulis berpendapat bahwa teks-teks historis Bugis, dan sangat mungkin teks naratif historis mana pun dari kepulauan Malayu-Indonesia, tidak dapat dibaca secara naïf, sebab teks tersebut bisa saja memuat beberapa komponen yang sebelumnya berdri sendiri, yang harus dipahami secara terpisah sebelum menimbang penggabungan mereka ke dalam suatu karya. Kritik Bentuk merupakan bagian mendasar dalam menyunting teks semacam itu sebelum dapat digunakan sebagai sumber sejarah.

Remaja adalah masa peralihan diri anak menuju dewasa, pada masa ini terjadi berbagai macam perubahan yang cukup bermakna baik secara fisik, biologis, mental dan emosional serta psikososial.Kesemuanya ini dapat mempengaruhi kehidupan pribadi, lingkungan keluarga maupun masyarakat. Ketidak siapan remaja dalam menghadapi perubahan tersebut dapat menimbulkan berbagai perilaku menyimpang seperti : kenakalan remaja, penyalahgunaan obat terlarang, penyaki menular seksual (PMS) dan HIV / AIDS, kehamialn yang tidak diinginkan, Aborsi dan sebagainya.

Elong maliung bettuana is a unique form of riddle (puzzle poem). Unlike other genres of puzzle or poem; élong maliung bettuanna uniquely explore the orthography characteristic of Bugis language which is syllabic alphabetical to hide meaning in multilayer covers. In order to hide meaning élong maliung bettuanna uses two element of linguistic that are the semiotic device through symbolic system which is strongly related to the context of socio-cultural of Bugis people and the semantic property.
The semiotic dimension related to the symbol represents events outside of the language elements; while the semantic side related to the using such kind of semantic property that is ambiguity to hide meaning and distort information of the poem. The ambiguity arise from the homograph of words; it is enabled by the characteristic of the Bugis script which is syllabic alphabetical.
The language game that enables meaning to be hidden in multilayers cover uses those two language element, the semiotic dimension via symbol and semantic property via ambiguity of the homograph words that is enabled by the orthography characteristic of Bugis language.

Key words: permainan bahasa, élong, élong maliung bettuanna, teka-teki, semiotika, semantik, homograf, ortografi, bugis.

Penyelenggaraan pendidikan sebagaimana yang diamanatkan dalam Undangundang No.20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional diharapkan dapat memujudkan proses berkembangnya kualitas pribadi peserta didik sebagai generasi penerus bangsa dimasa depan, yang diyakini akan menjadi faktor determinan bagi tumbuh kembangnya bangsa dan negara indonesia sepanjang zaman. Dari sekian banyak unsur unsur sumber daya pendidikan, kurikulum merupakan salah satu unsur yang memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan mewujudkan proses berkembangnya kualitas potensi peserta didik. Jadi tidak dapat disangkal lagi bahwa kurikulum yang dikembangkan dengan berbasis pada kompetensi sangat diperlukan sebagai instrumen untuk mengarahkan peserta didik menjadi : (1) manusia berkualitas yang mampu dan proaktif menjawab tantangan zaman yang selalu berubah, dan (2) manusia terdidik yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, dan (3) warga negara yang demokratis dan bertanggung jawab. Kurikulum sebagaimana yang ditegaskan dalam Pasal 1 Ayat (19) Undangundang No.20 Tahun 2003 adalah seperangkat rencana dan pengaturan mengenai tujuan, isi, dan bahan pelajaran serta cara yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan kegiatan pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan tertentu. Pengembangan kurikulum 2013 merupakan langkah lanjutan Pengembangan Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK) yang telah dirintis pada tahun 2004 dan KTSP 2006 yang mencakup kompetensi sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan secara terpadu.

This article highlights the understudied role of local knowledge in contributing to the resilience of small-scale entrepreneurial tourism businesses in touristically-unpredictable times. Drawing on a micro-case study of a South Sulawesi (Indonesia) tourist-oriented restaurant-hotel that has thrived despite tourism's ebbs and flows of tourism, we suggest that greater attention to the ways in which successful small-scale tourism entrepreneurs draw on local wisdom can help identify additional foundations for building resilience strategies. In spotlighting local knowledge as an under-recognized resource, this article also speaks to recent calls for the decolonization of tourism studies.

Kemiskinan menjadi masalah di hampir semua daerah di Indonesia. Padahal salah satu tujuan pembangunan nasional Indonesia adalah meningkatkan kinerja perekonomian agar mampu menciptakan lapangan kerja dan menata kehidupan yang layak bagi seluruh rakyat yang pada gilirannya akan mewujudkan kesejahteraan penduduk Indonesia melalui salah satu sasaran pembangunan nasional yaitu dengan menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan. Upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan sudah dilakukan sejak tiga dekade terakhir yaitu dengan program-program pembangunan pemerintah di antaranya dengan penyediaan kebutuhan dasar seperti pangan, pelayanan kesehatan dan pendidikan, perluasan kesempatan kerja, pembangunan pertanian, pemberian dana bergulir melalui sistem kredit, pembangunan prasarana dan pendampingan, penyuluhan sanitasi dan program lainnya (Hureirah, 2005).
Namun faktanya, pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, yang berkisar 5% - 7% per tahun sejak lebih dari satu dasawarsa terakhir, belum mampu mengurangi jumlah penduduk miskin. Meskipun peringkat Indonesia dibandingkan negara lain dalam hal laju pertumbuhan ekonomi tergolong tidak mengecewakan, yaitu berada pada peringkat 38 dari 179 negara (IMF, 2015), namun pertumbuhan tersebut dirasa belum memberi dampak yang berarti terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) yang terakhir dilaksanakan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) pada tahun 2012 mencatat jumlah penduduk miskin di Indonesia berkisar 28,5 juta jiwa. Hampir 15% dari jumlah penduduk Indonesia di pedesaan dan hampir 10% jumlah penduduk Indonesia di perkotaan dikategorikan miskin dan berada di ambang kemiskinan. Fakta tersebut menjadikan permasalahan kemiskinan patut mendapat perhatian yang besar dari semua pihak.
Sehingga penanggulangan kemiskinan harus dilakukan secara menyeluruh, yang berarti menyangkut seluruh penyebab kemiskinan. Beberapa diantaranya yang menjadi bagian dari penanggulangan kemiskinan tersebut yang perlu tetap ditindaklanjuti dan disempurnakan implementasinya misalnya peningkatan pendidikan dan kesehatan masyarakat, perluasan lapangan kerja dan pembudayaan entrepreneurship (Hureirah, 2005).

1.Orality, Writing and History: The literature of the Bugis and Makasar of South Sulawesi (Introduction to Special Issue), by Stephen C. Druce

2.Christian Pelras and His Work, by Campbell Macknight

3.Orality and Writing among the Bugis (trans. Campbell Macknight), by Christian Pelras

4.The Media of Bugis Literature: A Coda to Pelras, by Campbell Macknight

5.Transmitting the past in South Sulawesi: The hikajat Sawitto and other Bugis and Makasar Historical Works, by Stephen C. Druce

6.Family Matters: Bugis Genealogies and their Contribution to Austronesian Studies, by Ian Caldwell and Kathryn Wellen

7.The Inside View on Makassar's Sixteenth to Seventeenth Century History: Changing Marital Alliances and Settlement Patterns, by David Bulbeck

8.The Pau-paunna Indale Patara: Sufism and the Bugis Adaption and Transformation of the hikayat Indra Putera, by Nurhayati Rahman

9.Narratives of Sexuality in Bugis and Makasar Manuscripts, by Muhlis Hadrawi

The period 1200-1600 CE saw a radical transformation from simple chiefdoms to kingdoms (in archaeological terminology, complex chiefdoms) across lowland South Sulawesi, a region that lay outside the ‘classical’ Indicized parts of Southeast Asia. The rise of these kingdoms was stimulated and economically supported by trade in prestige goods with other parts of island Southeast Asia, yet the development of these kingdoms was determined by indigenous, rather than imported, political and cultural precepts. Starting in the thirteenth century, the region experienced a transition from swidden cultivation to wet-rice agriculture; rice was the major product that the lowland kingdoms of South Sulawesi exchanged with archipelagic traders.

Stephen Druce demonstrates this progression to political complexity by combining a range of sources and methods, including oral, textual, archaeological, linguistic and geographical information and analysis as he explores the rise and development of five South Sulawesi kingdoms, known collectively as Ajattappareng (the Lands West of the Lakes).

The author also presents an inquiry into oral traditions of a historical nature in South Sulawesi. He examines their functions, their processes of transmission and transformation, their uses in writing history and their relationship to written texts. He shows that any distinction between oral and written traditions of a historical nature is largely irrelevant, and that the South Sulawesi chronicles, which can be found only for a small number of kingdoms, are not characteristic (as historians have argued) but exceptional in the corpus of indigenous South Sulawesi historical sources.

The book will be of primary interest to scholars of pre-European-contact Southeast Asia, including historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists and geographers, and scholars with a broader interest in oral tradition and the relationship between the oral and written registers.

Berkembangnya pengaruh globalisasi dan kemajuan teknologi, mendorong Negara maju dan berkembang untuk memajukan perekonomian negaranya, sesuai dengan penerapan sustainable economic growth, yang kemudian berdampak pada terancam pudarnya kearifan lokal dan kesinambungan budaya yang dimiliki oleh suatu masyarakat, ternyata tidak berpengaruh dengan suku satu ini, yakni suku Kajang. Suku Kajang merupakan salah-satu suku yang mendiami provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan masih menerapkan kearifan lokalnya, seperti menggunakan pakaian serba hitam, ajaran leluhur dari Pasang ri Kajang, bentuk rumah dari bahan kayu serta memiliki ketaatan dalam menjaga ekosistem hutan adat.
Suku Kajang dikenal dengan sebutan suku adat Ammatoa, mengingat kepala adatnya dipimpin oleh Ammatoa dan biasanya didampingi oleh para pembantunya yang disebut dengan Galla.  Sehingga melalui potensi kearifan lokal dan budaya yang dimiliki oleh suku Kajang, maka pada penulisan karya tulis ilmiah ini mengangkat suatu ide yang dinamakan Ammatoa Kajang Cultural Education Tourism, yang bertujuan untuk menarik wisatawan lokal maupun mancanegara untuk berkunjung dan mengenal desa adat Ammatoa melalui wisata pendidikan budaya. Metode analisis yang digunakan lebih terfokus pada data kualitatif yang melihat, bagaimana penerapan program dan implikasinya terhadap peningkatan perekonomian bulukumba dan masyarakat suku Kajang.
Pelaksanaan dari program ini, memiliki beberapa langkah strategis yakni; melalui tahap mediasi dengan kepala adat Ammatoa, tahap sosialisasi melalui media massa maupun media elektronik serta pada tahap pelaksanaan, untuk memperkenalkan mengenai kesenian, bahasa konjo, prinsip kebudayaan kamase-masea dan sistem hukum adat tana toa. Begitu juga Implikasi dan dampak yang dapat ditimbulkan dari program ini, dapat dilihat pada persentasi jumlah wisatawan mancanegara dan lokal yang berkunjung ke bulukumba dalam kurun waktu 15 tahun terakhir, yang kebanyakan mengalami peningkatan, sejalan dengan teori Tourism Planning yang dikemukakan oleh Edward Inskeep, yang melihat pada Community Approach dan Implementable Approach yang fokusnya pada objek wisata, keanekaragaman budaya, serta dilengkapi sarana dan prasarana pendukung lainnya. Apalagi suku Kajang memiliki hasil produk sendiri seperti Tope Le’leng (sarung hitam) dan Passapu (kain hitam ikat kepala) yang dapat dipasarkan seharga lima ratus ribu hingga satu jutaan, yang tentunya dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi masyarakat suku Kajang serta dapat pula meningkatkan taraf perekonomian dan peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Bulukumba.

Kata Kunci: Ammatoa, Cultural, Education, Kajang dan Tourism.

Various models have been presented to describe early Southeast Asian political formations that draw on both indigenous and imported Indic ideas. The most influential of these are the “Mandala” (Wolters 1968, 1982, 1999), “Galactic” (Tambiah 1976), “Negara” (Geertz 1980), and
Anderson’s 1972 “The idea of power in Javanese culture.” This paper represents an initial attempt to compare the salient features of these models with historical and archaeological data from South Sulawesi where, exceptionally and importantly, societies developed independently of Indic ideas. South Sulawesi is unique in being the only region of maritime Southeast Asia where there are sufficient written and oral sources, often substantiated by archaeological data, to document the
social evolution of its society from scattered, economically self-sufficient communities with ranked lineages practicing swidden agriculture to large political units (kingdoms) constructed around indigenous cultural and political concepts with economies based on wet-rice agriculture. This wealth of data provides us with a much more detailed picture of the emergence, development and support structures of early kingdoms than found in the models, which makes South Sulawesi of fundamental importance in understanding the social and economic evolution of pre-Indic influenced Austronesian societies
in Maritime Southeast Asia.

This chapter aims to both reflect upon my own fieldwork among the Bugis of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and my engagement with the scholarship of the ethnologist Christian Pelras, who wrote extensively on South Sulawesi culture and history. Explicit about his task of translating one culture to another, Pelras took an 'ethnographic' approach to his research, collecting huge amounts of information that he used in order to describe. His wide focus and attempts to translate one culture to another appear to reflect the European-based attempts to understand the 'other', perhaps like a museum of ethnology. By contrast, scholars of my generation are less concerned with describing, more critical of sources, look to solve particular research problems in a context that may not necessarily be our own, and use skills, approaches and techniques developed elsewhere. In particular, I discuss my engagement with Pelras's work on orality and writing and his attempts to reconstruct the South Sulawesi past. While the chapter is critical of some of Pelras's work on the Bugis, particularly his attempts at writing history, it pays tribute to other aspects. Keywords South Sulawesi • Bugis • Orality and writing • Christian Pelras • La Galigo I would like to thank Campbell Macknight for his helpful and informative comments on this chapter.

Most academic writing on James Booke has focused on his remarkable exploits in Sarawak while his six month sojourn in Sulawesi, which he undertook before becoming ‘the white raja’, is largely confined to brief references and footnotes. Sulawesi and Borneo were Brooke’s two main destinations when he set out for the Indonesian-Malay Archipelago in 1838. While Brooke was genuinely interested in the scientific exploration of the two islands, the probable reason he chose them is that he considered them to offer the greatest potential in advancing the Raffles inspired aims set out in his prospectus, namely to try and extend benevolent British influence in the archipelago that would both save its inhabitants from the Dutch and their corrosive practices, and further British interests, free trade and advance native interests. In particular, the Bugis appear to have captured Brooke’s imagination and from the outset he seems to have looked upon them as potential allies in his endeavour. At the time of Brooke’s visit to Sulawesi the Bugis were divided into numerous kingdoms that remained virtually independent but acknowledged themselves as nominal Dutch vassals in a relationship that reflected local conceptions of tributary-kingdom relations. Brooke travelled widely in South Sulawesi and the shrewd observations and information he recorded in letters and journals represents valuable data on mid-nineteenth century Bugis society. He took particular interest in Bugis politics and political systems and considered their institutions the most politically advanced in the east in that they alone had ‘arrived at the threshold of recognised rights’ and were the only people in Asia to have ‘emancipated themselves from the fetters of despotism’. Characteristically, Brooke viewed these institutions to be in a state of decline and decay as a consequence of European, namely Dutch, influence. He was also frustrated that the Bugis seemed more concerned with wars and quarrels amongst themselves than uniting together against the Dutch. The chapter presents an analysis of Brooke’s observations, attitude and conduct in Sulawesi and, within the context of his broader political aims, attempts to relate these to his actions in Borneo.

Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan daya saing daerah yaitu dengan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik. Pelayanan publik di Indonesia masih jauh dari harapan pemerintah dan masyarakat. Peraturan perundang-undangan tentang pelayanan public telah dikeluarkan tetapi pelaksaan di lapangan seringkali tidak sesuai yang diamanatkan UUD NRI 1945 untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan umum salah satunya dengan pelayanan publik yang prima. Di provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, pemerintah daerah telah mengeluarkan peraturan daerah provinsi Sulawesi Selatan nomor 1 tahun 2010 tentang pelayanan publik. Salah satu faktor rendahnya kualitas pelayanan publik di Indonesia khususnya di Sulawesi Selatan adalah ketidaktahuan masyarakat tentang penyelenggara pelayanan publik, pelaksana, lokasi, prosedur, biaya/tarif legal. Hal ini seringkali dimanfaatkan oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggungjawab untuk melakukan pelayanan tidak sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan oleh perundang-undangan dan melakukan pemungutan liar yang berimbas kepada ketidakpuasan dan ketidakpercayaan masyarkat terhdapap pelayanan publik di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Solusi yang dapat diambil dari masalah ini adalah dengan menyediakan pusat informasi pelayanan yang dapat diakses masyarakat dengan mudah. Sumber informasi yang sering diakses masyarakat adalah internet dan aplikasi yang ada di smarthphone.E-public service information adalah bentuk solusi yang ditawarkan oleh penulis, e-public service information mencakup informasi tentang pelayanan public di provinsi Sulawesi yang mencakup infomasi penyelenggara, pelaksana, lokai, biaya/tarif legal, dan juga fasilitas pengaduan jika pelayanan public yang diberikan tidak memuaskan karena tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan.Hal ini akan membuat pelayanan public dari dominiasi ke partisipasi dan mewujudkan birokasi yang abdi Negara.

The central focus of this article is the hikajat Sawitto (hS), a 12-page typed text in the Latin script and Malay language constructed in the 1930s from mainly oral Bugis sources. The hS provides an important insight into how the past was transmitted in South Sulawesi and the relationship between orality and writing. Discussion of the hS is framed within this broader context and begins with an overview of Bugis and Makasar historical prose works, focusing mainly on the few longer written compositions dating from the 17th, to the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, and the factors that influenced their creation. Central to the article is the argument that these written works are not representative of Bugis and Makasar historical sources and that orality played the primary role in transmitting the past. The article further demonstrates how the hS was constructed from independent sources and what these sources can reveal about the history of Sawitto. An annotated translation of the hS is presented within the article and the original appended.

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan transparansi pemerintah lokal di Sulawesi Selatan dalam membangun good governance. Perubahan paradigma dalam tata kelola pemerintah terkait informasi publik pasca reformasi yang sebelumya tertutup menjadi transparan. Penelitian dilakukan di 24 website pemerintah lokal di Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 24 kabupaten/kota memaparkan visi dan misi pemerintah di website, 54% yaitu 13 kabupaten/kota yang mempublikasi APBD tahun berjalan yaitu APBD tahun 2020 dan 70,8% atau 17 kabupaten/kota memaparkan dokumen RPJM dan RPJP. Berdasarkan temuan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan keterbukaan informasi publik website pemerintah daerah di Sulawesi Selatan cukup bagus. Kata kunci: Transparansi, good governance, Website pemerintah daerah. Good Governance Penyelenggaraan pemerintah daerah saat ini cenderung menerapkan prinsip good governance. Pendekatan good governance tidak terbatas pada penggunaan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, tetapi menerapkan prinsip penyelenggaraan pemerintah yang baik, yang tidak hanya melibatkan pemerintah atau negara semata, tetapi harus melibatkan internal maupun ekternal birokrasi (Sabarno, 2007). Munculnya prinsip good governance berangkat dari dinamika kehidupan bernegara pasca perang dunia kedua banyak diwarnai dengan orientasi pembangunan pada pertumbuhan ekonomi yang diharapkan dapat dengan sendirinya menghasilkan kesejahteraan yang tersebar secara merata kepada mayoritas rakyat (pohan, 2000), dan informasi akuntansi yang disajikan dalam laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah berperan sebagai penilaian kinerja pemerintah (Darmawati, 2019)

Historical tourism is one of the educational tourism activities providing a forum for learning about past events that have occurred by collaborating historical sites with education. History education is something that must be maintained along with the increasingly rapid development of science and technology. The development of this technology causes changes in people's behavior patterns that are transformed according to trends so that they pay less attention to historical values. For this reason, in order to take advantage of the development of science and technology and pursue existing trends, it is necessary to develop innovations in increasing interest in history. Therefore, propose the concept of application-based history learning by utilizing historical tourism. The application that was launched was named "Jokka Fun App" an application with a tourist education concept that can be used as a guide for tourists when they are in historical places or in museums, because this application is also equipped with map features, cameras, and sound modes so that this application can help people learn history while relaxing at historical sights. This application provides many benefits in the form of historical knowledge in one hand, not only learning but also being able to explore the diversity of tourism, especially in historical tourism. The research method taken in this program is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques, namely collecting data from various references in the form of literature.

| This study argues that small-scale agriculture system has proven to have potential in supporting climate change adaptation, and even mitigation processes. The system has been used to conserve resources and biodiversity, and considers local food availability, before the massive adoption of Green Revolution system. This case study based on a series fieldworks in a village west to Bantimutung-Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi. It tries to demonstrate how a number of smallholder farmers innovate their agricultural system by applying System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in semi-collective manner. The study shows that the farmers are able to significantly reduce chemical inputs and water usage, encourage the application of organic fertilizer and collective work in each of their rice plots, and by doing so reduce their production cost substantially. It also boost their trust in collective works and inspire them to expand it to other economic activities-and inspire others to follow. The system can be a reverse of Green Revolution ones which tends to accelerate smallholders vulnerability to hazards, including climate related ones.

Abstrak Bugis and Madura already reach eastern part of Nusantara since 15th century. Both Indonesian ethnic have migration tradition as the common identity. With traditional transportation, they explore Makassar to Banda, and from Sampang to Surabaya. This research was conducted for six months. It was extended to three months. Therefore, research duration was nine months. Observation and in-depth interview were conducted to collect data. This research was conducted in Eastern part of Indonesia. Papua Island, Maluku, and surrounding islands those locate from capital city. It is known small island, big issues of criminality and others notorious issues. On the other hand, it is a peaceful area and multicultural society. Bugis and Madura among reside on those islands. They mainly concerned with fishing, business, and maritime activities. The notion of social interaction in economic activities sees cooperation and recognition. This research also argues that religious interaction and collective life emerge between Bugis and Madura and other ethnics. They construct new identity as Papua Bugis and social harmony Madura of Java. They establish migration on the basis of economic and social interest. Furthermore, this article concludes that they participate and construct as citizens in the society at large.

Research conduted to analysis and know the influence of education and training, labour capacity, job experience and membership owned to have an effect on the significant to development of carrier of Public Servant of Civil on Duty Fishery and Oceanic of Province of South Arch Sulawesi. This research population is 199 everybody is hence used bt method of intake sample in this research is persuant to theory from information and data collecting used is observation, interview, and questioner. Analyze the data used to test the research hypothesis is doubled method regression (Multiple Regression).
Result of research indicate that by simultan all free variable consisted of the education and training labour capacity, job experience and membership owned to have an effect on the significant to development of carrier of Public Servant of Civil on Duty Fishery and Oceanic of Province of South Arch Sulawesi, hence can be told by a accepted first hypothesis and by partial in the reality biggest labour capacity of its influence hence can be told by a refused second hypothesis.

The Darul Islam rebellion against the central Indonesian government in the immediate post-independence period was largely dependent on charismatic leaders who came to prominence during the struggle against the Dutch. The charismatic leader of this rebellion in South Sulawesi was Qahhar Mudzakkar (also spelt "Kahar Muzakkar"), whose conflict with the central government and army began in 1950 when he was overlooked as commander of a special Sulawesi brigade and many of the Sulawesi guerrillas who had fought against the Dutch were discarded as the Indonesian Army restructured. Qahhar led the men into the jungle and began a rebellion that would last for 15 years. In 1953, he proclaimed an Islamic state, thus joining the Darul Islam movement. Important factors in the rebellion's genesis and momentum were bitterness at the perceived injustice and rejection of Qahhar and the Sulawesi guerrillas by the central government and army and increasing Javanese hegemony in the region. Other causal factors debated include Islam, various political ideas, and several South Sulawesi cultural concepts. What seems clear is that Qahhar had developed ideas that were seemingly incompatible with "traditional" notions of South Sulawesi culture. He preached a form of "Islamic socialism," aimed to implement strict shari'ah law, eradicate aristocratic titles, pre-Islamic rituals, and Sufi orders. Forty-eight years after his death, Qahhar Mudzakkar continues to divide opinion and inspire new generations. The paper focuses on three main aspects of Qahhar Mudzakkar and his legacy. The first examines traditional leadership in South Sulawesi, including the cultural characteristics expected of leaders and draws comparisons with the 17th century. The second examines memories and perceptions of Qahhar and the rebellion related to me by people who lived through the period. The third looks at how Qahhar is perceived and the role he plays in modern day South Sulawesi, particularly in local politics as many see Preparatory Committee for the Application of Islamic Laws (KPPSI) as a continuation of Qahhar’s struggle.
The head of KPPSI is Abdul Aziz Qahhar Mudzakkar, a son of Qahhar Mudzakkar.

Para penulis menjelaskan dua arca yang belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya, berasal dari abad ke 10 atau 11, ditemukan di Pulau Selayar, Sulawesi Selatan. Kami juga menjelaskan sebuah lonceng kecil yang disebut berasal dari penggalian di pantai selatan provinsi itu. Menurut kami, ketiga benda ini bukan barang impor melainkan dicetak secara lokal dengan meniru model-model dari Jawa yang lebih terperinci. Kami berpendapat bahwa nilai penting tiga benda perunggu ini jauh melampaui makna intrinsiknya, sebab pembuatan benda-benda ini mengisyaratkan adanya sebuah transfer gagasan dan praktik agama dari Jawa Timur pada sekitar tahun 1000 M. Hipotesis seperti ini sesuai dengan peralihan dari penguburan dengan menanggalkan otot dari tulang jenazah menjadi kremasi oleh orang Makassar, yang berlangsung di sekitar masa yang sama.

SENJATA TRADISIONAL DAERAH SULAWESI SELATAN

Sindhu Galba, Editor
Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1990


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The article represents some preliminary results and ideas from current research on the five Ajattapareng kingdoms and the west coast of South Sulawesi. Using archaeological data and textual sources, the article explores the relationship between West Soppeng and Suppaq.

The Bugis and Makasar peoples are the two largest ethnic groups of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, numbering about 4 million and 1.7 million respectively. Many people think of them as sailors and adventurers who traded and settled throughout the Indonesian-Malay Archipelago. While this is true of some Bugis and Makasar, such activities were undertaken by a relatively small number of individuals and no earlier than the 17th century. As Christian Pelras (1996: 3–4) remarks, the Bugis have long “been among the most imperfectly known of the Insulindian peoples,” while the Makasars have been identified mainly with inhabitants of the port city, Makassar. However, most Bugis and Makasar are farmers, and for centuries the organised cultivation of wet-rice has played a central role in their economic and cultural lives. The Bugis and Makasar did not convert to Islam until the early 17th century, and while Islam is an important part of their cultural identity, both groups have retained significant elements of their indigenous, pre-Islamic heritage. Both also have a rich literature, some of which contains historical information dating from about 1400 CE and records the development by these two Austronesian-speaking peoples of large agrarian kingdoms based on indigenous cultural and political precepts.

Before the arrival of missionaries on the Toraja highlands of the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia, the rice cultivation cycle was punctuated by a large number of rituals. One of them consisted of a sung game in the rice fields involving interaction between the men and women. Their feet in the water, some twenty women sung polyphonously, while playing with passing men. The lyrics, music and play of this ritual—a veritable ode to desire and the continuity of lie—contributed to crop fertility. Viewing it as a threat to the good morals required by the Protestant religion, the pastors and the authorities of the colonial government put an end to it. Then silence descended upon the rice fields. Even though the game was prohibited, singing was paradoxically tolerated for various local or regional performances, but only outside of its original context. By reducing it to its formal dimension, this short text describes how what sung in that song was then annihilated.

ABSTRAK Sulawesi yang saat ini kita sebut Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan menjadi terasing dengan akarnya sendiri. Bahkan lebih takjub dengan budaya luar yang datang. Padahal, tidak seluruh bahasa di dunia ini memiliki aksara, diantara yang memiliki aksara itu, bahasa Bugis. Ini salah satu, dan modal utama dalam keunggulan komparatif di dunia. Makalah ini, menjadikan itu sebagai salah satu pertanyaan dari lima pertanyaan yang dikemukakan. Selanjutnya, juga mengemukakan lima usulan untuk menjadi rencana aksi Mewujudkan Sulawesi Selatan Maju. Pendahuluan Sulawesi Selatan ketika itu masih Provinsi Sulawesi, dan dalam satu waktu bahkan pernah menjadi negara bagian Indonesia Timur. Juga dengan luas wilayah yang membentang sampai ke Mamuju dan Majene, kemudian saat ini menjadi Provinsi Sulawesi Barat. Dengan rentang kendali yang semakin pendek, dan juga kemampuan birokrasi dan juga masyarakat, maka ini momentum yang tepat untuk merefleksi kembali bagaimana Sulawesi Selatan untuk maju.

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Makassar city with various professions, gender, educational backgrounds as well as ethnic and religious groups, makes various understandings about the Islamic capital market. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of understanding of the Islamic capital market and people's interest in investing in the Islamic capital market in South Sulawesi,
which is reviewed in four indicators consisting of (1) products, (2) security or risk (3) mechanisms, ( 4) interests. This research uses quantitative methods with online surveys in the form of questionnaires through websites, email and social media. The research sample was 232 respondents. The results of the study, (1) public understanding of investment and product variations in the Islamic capital market is sufficient to understand, (2) understanding of the safety or risk of the community and the benefits of investing in the Islamic capital market are very good, (3) public understanding of the mechanism and opening of accounts in the Islamic capital market it is lacking as a mechanism and
procedure for opening accounts in the Islamic capital market. (4) Public interest in South Sulawesi is very large to advance investment in the Islamic capital market. This research provides information about Indonesian securities, publishers and stock exchanges to intensify education to the community, especially in the province of South Sulawesi.

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EKSPEDISI JAKARTA MAKASSAR, 082143441792
Kami perusahaan pengiriman barang :
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3. Pengiriman LCL / kubikasi.
4. Pengiriman benda cair.
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