Stock Market Interdependency

In this article, we discuss a research project focusing on the ways in which children in poverty spend and experience their leisure time. We argue that the dominant conceptualisation of leisure time participation reduces poverty to a lack of social and cultural capital, marginalising poor children as passive objects of socialisation. Inspired by the interpretative paradigm of lifeworld orientation, three insights are identified throughout poor children's experiences, which include the following: (i) challenging takenfor-granted divisions of time; (ii) giving meaning to regimes of time as an ongoing learning process; and (iii) imagining a socially just future.

Reference to the project dimension of complexity is widespread within project management literature. However the concept of project complexity has received little detailed attention. This paper reviews the literature on project complexity relevant to project management, with emphasis towards the construction industry. The paper proposes that project complexity can be defined in terms of differentiation and interdependency and that it is managed by integration.

The term clause complex is used in Sistemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) that refers to the grammatical and semantic unit formed when two or more clauses (nexus) are linked together in certain systematic and meaningful ways. The interdependency between one clause and another in clause complex is called taxis. The structure of taxis is relational, i.e. univariate structure. There are two kinds of univariate structure, i.e. parataxis (where clauses are joined as equal) and hypotaxis (where clauses join to a main clause through a dependency relationship). Beside parataxis and hypotaxis, the discussion goes through logico-semantic relation that consists of (1) paratactic elaboration, (2) hypotactic elaboration, (3) paratactic extension, (4) hypotactic extension, (5) paratactic enhancement, (6) hypotactic enhancement, (7) paratactic idea projection, (8) hypotactic idea projection, (9) paratactic locution projection, and hypotactic locution projection. The examples of clause complex given in each item are mostly taken from court texts: Bali Bom Case I, and the rest are the writer's intuitive ones.

Considerable attention has focused on how multinational corporations (MNCs) deal with the simultaneous pressures of globalization and localization when it comes to human resource management (HRM). HR function activities in this process, however, have received less focus. The study presented here identifies configurations of the corporate HR function based on international HRM (IHRM) structures, exploring how issues of interdependency shape corporate HR roles. The study is based on 248 interviews in 16 MNCs based in 19 countries. The findings are applied to develop a contextually based framework outlining the main corporate HR function configurations in MNCs, including new insights into methods of IHRM practice design. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A resilience index is used to quantify preventive measures, emergency measures, and restoration measures of complex systems, such as physical infrastructures, when they are subjected to natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, etc. Interdependencies among these systems can generate cascading failures or amplification effects, which can also affect the restoration measures right after an extreme event and generate a reduction of the resilience index. In this article, a method is proposed to evaluate the physical infrastructure resilience of a region affected by a disaster considering infrastructure interdependency. It is illustrated using available restoration curves from the March 11 2011 Tohoku Earthquake in Japan. The weights assigned to each infrastructure, which are used to determine resilience, are evaluated using the degree of interdependency indices which are obtain by time series analysis. Results show that the weight coefficients thus obtained do not influence the resilience index significantly; however, the methodology proposed is unbiased from subjective judgment and is able to identify the critical lifelines. Furthermore, the results of the case study presented here suggest that to obtain meaningful estimation of the weight coefficients, it is necessary to consider the period range between two perturbations (e.g., main shock and aftershock). Future infrastructure disruption data (from this and other earthquakes) would be needed to generalize this finding that will allow also to quantify the changes in the restoration curves caused by the magnitude and distance of the shocks from the epicenter, as well as the intrinsic properties of the physical infrastructures. Figure 1. Restoration curves for different Japan prefectures after the 2011-03-11 Mw = 9.0 earthquake for three infrastructures: (a) power delivery, (b) water supply, (c) city gas delivery -(Adapted from [13]).

This study examines the conditional volatility and correlation dependency and interdependency for the four major precious metals (that is, gold, silver, platinum and palladium), while accounting for geopolitics within a multivariate system. The implications of the estimated results for portfolio designs and hedging strategies are also analyzed. The results for the four metals system show significant short-run and long-run dependencies and interdependencies to news and past volatility. These results have become more pervasive when the exchange rate and FFR are included.

A través de una revisión de conceptos desarrollados principalmente en relación al feminismo y al género desde distintas disciplinas (antropología, economía, sociología, filosofía, psicología), el artículo pretende mostrar la complejidad de la noción de cuidado y su utilidad como herramienta teórica para superar las fronteras entre las esferas privada y pública. A lo largo del texto se plantea que el cuidado no es exclusivo del ámbito familiar o doméstico, sino que se configura como una necesidad de todas las personas, por naturaleza interdependientes. De ahí la importancia de presentar un corpus teórico que permita orientar la mirada etnográfica hacia cómo se configuran las relaciones de cuidado en contextos específicos, para que aspectos aparentemente banales sean tomados en consideración.

This article studies the networks of intermunicipal cooperation that occur through a process of subnational regionalization. It analyses data from two Regional Communities in the Province of Córdoba, Argentina. The results show that interlocal subjective interdependence and strong relationships between actors, results in greater inter-municipal cooperation Furthermore, the results of the analysis suggest that interpersonal trust does not necessarily result in institutional coordination. While the local political parties are not a significant variable in this study, geographic distance does seem to play a role in the larger process of intergovernmental coordination.

A broader consensus is built around the rationale of internationalisation process as a firm-specific issue. Under this view, the state/governmental intervention is not usually seen as desirable or relevant; nevertheless it has always occurred whether catalysing, defining or disregarding the firms' foreign market expansion. This paper presents a case where the government surpassed that 'soft role' and promoted a joint venture with banks in order to take an active part in the capital structure of internationalising firms. The findings from the empirical facts show that this strong involvement of the state responded to a 'failure' of the financial sector and catalysed the internationalisation of Portuguese firms. The discussion and conclusions underline three relevant issues within the international business field: the complexity of firms' internationalisation process, the active presence of non-industrial actors in that process, and the interdependency established among firms and governments through collaborative strategies to assist firms' internationalisation.

Second-generation sequencing technologies have granted us greater access to the diversity and genetics of microbial communities that naturally reside endo-and ecto-symbiotically with animal hosts. Substantial research has emerged describing the diversity and broader trends that exist within and between host species and their associated microbial ecosystems, yet the application of these data to our evolutionary understanding of microbiomes appears fragmented. For the most part biological perspectives are based on limited observations of oversimplified communities, while mathematical and/or computational modeling of these concepts often lack biological precedence. In recognition of this disconnect, both fields have attempted to incorporate ecological theories, although their applicability is currently a subject of debate because most ecological theories were developed based on observations of macro-organisms and their ecosystems. For the

Collaborative learning activities offer the potential to support mutual knowledge construction and shared understanding amongst students. Introducing collaborative tasks into large first-year undergraduate science classes to create learning environments that foster student engagement and enhance communication skills is appealing. However, implementing group work in classes of over 1000 students presents challenges for instructors in terms of task design, group management and assessment. Interdisciplinary scenario-inquiry tasks have been designed for small group work in a large science cohort, informed by literature and current pedagogical practices relating to the integration of collaborative and active learning strategies. Facilitation and assessment of these tasks was perceived as too complex and time consuming for a single instructor to complete manually, so a web-based task management technology was developed. Evaluation of the technology supported collaborative group activities, including peer assessment, was conducted through questionnaires, student interviews and analysis of the artefacts of the learning process. The capabilities and limitations of the technology, and the insights into group learning gained through its use are presented. In general, students felt supported through the task. Evidence of resource interdependence was found between students in functional groups.

Energy appears as one of the most important sources in the world nowadays. Daily activities as well as world's productivities are supported by the existence of a secure and reliable energy. In 2010, Gunther Oettinger as a Commissioner for Energy in The European Union, had ever stated that energy is the life blood of European society. The well being of European people, industry, and economy depends on safe, secure, sustainable, and affordable energy

Infrastructure, which is used to extract, transport, store, and transform resources into products or services to meet our utility needs faces numerous challenges caused by the agency of the various actors in the system. To understand these challenges, we propose it is necessary to move beyond considering each utility system as a distinct silo. In this paper, a conversion points approach is developed to characterize multiutility systems at any scale and for any specific or theoretical location. The story is told of the development of a conversion points approach and its application is examined using an agent-based model. Transport, energy, water, waste, and telecommunications systems are governed and run independently but in practice are highly interdependent. A way to represent all utility systems in an integrated way is described and the benefits of this representation are applied to UK household consumers.