State Programs

The article evaluates current trends in the development of science and innovation in Kazakhstan. Analysis of scientific and innovation activities in Kazakhstan show that among the main sources of financing science there are almost no business representatives. An assessment of the current state of the national innovation system demonstrates that with the existing system of financing science in Kazakhstan there is no possibility to increase the costs of research and development. The overall reduction in domestic R&D expenditures over the period analyzed had the most negative impact on the financing of basic research. The results of the study show the need to revise some of the value settings for building a national innovation system in Kazakhstan.

The article studies the peculiarities of development of the regions in Azerbaijan economy and analyzes some indicators characterizing the current state of economic development and usage of natural resources in Absheron and Sheki-Zagatala economic regions of the country. The ecological potential of the country and its economic regions has significant importance in increasing of the usage of natural resources and in ensuring the sustainable development. By taking into consideration this the essence of ecological rent is explained and for the first time its quantity is determined comparatively in Absheron and Sheki-Zagatala economic regions of Azerbaijan by using N.N. Klyuev method of determining the "ecological tax".

The COVID-19 pandemic, global quarantine measures adopted by several countries, including Ukraine, have made adjustments to the economic activities of the entities. Today, the most challenging issue is the management of enterprise debt, which is associated with the problem of non-payments, especially in the context of the global financial crisis.<br><br>In the article on the examples of real enterprises of Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv, Mykolayiv, Vinnytsia and Zhytomyr, authors proposed measures to improve accounting. A feature of the developed proposals is their versatility, i.e. they can be used not only during crises but also in normal conditions of business activities by entities, because they can help enterprises rationalize and improve accounting and control of settlements with counterparties under the conditions of quarantine measures. This is a prerequisite for ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise and achieving its goals.

This paper aims to analyze various indicators to explain the impact of inequality and income on economic growth at the regional level of Kazakhstan. The data collected from the Bureau of National Statistics from 1995 to 2020 examined the impact of country, interregional, and market inequality indices and real income/wage on the GRP of different regions. Applying the methods such as analysis of unique statistical data covering 16 regions of Kazakhstan and log-linear multivariate regression analysis, which was carried out using the STATA software package, evidence was provided on the influence of interregional, country inequality, and income on economic growth. The analysis showed the differential impact of inequality and income. It was found at the first stage that the gap between interregional inequality and country inequality is insignificant. It was identified at the second stage that in models with real incomes, an increase in income has a negative impact on the development of th...

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether the nature of leadership in Ohio Title I Schoolwide Project Schools that were deemed effective by the U.S. Department of Education differed from leadership in those Ohio Title I Schoolwide Project schools that were considered ineffective. The specific focus was to determine whether effective and ineffective schools differed with respect to the extent to which principals and the schools as a whole evidenced a bifocal, symbolic, technical, or unfocused leadership orientation. The Principal Behavior Inventory (PBI), developed to elicit principals ' perceptions of their leadership styles, and the PBI-T, designed to measure teachers ' perceptions of the same variables, were administered to 70 principals and 40 teachers respectively to determine construct validity. Four schools were selected from the entire sample for the district, and the principals and three teachers from each school completed the instruments. Two had ...

This paper states the study of approaches to the formation of monitoring metrics for tourist territory sustainable development. It is noted that the statistical framework for monitoring of tourist territory sustainable development will allow to timely react on the emerging disbalance and achieve positive results in the tourist territory sustainable development management. It is concluded that for the effective organization of the system for monitoring of tourist territory sustainable development, it is required to make enterprises responsible for the provision of statistical reporting in special fillable forms that shall include indices required for the monitoring. In order to organize the monitoring is presented the model for monitoring tourist territory sustainable development data store formation.

Among the main areas that can improve rural infrastructure and change the economic and social situation in rural areas is green tourism. In many countries of the world, there is a tendency to increase the interest of citizens in recreation in rural areas. Tourists are attracted by the organic foods and a rural way of life. However, in regions with active tourist activity, there are often many problems associated with causing damage to the environment. The desire to get the maximum profit can bring irreversible damage to nature. Green tourism, in our opinion, requires coordination and regulation by state regulatory bodies. However, in our opinion, this should not hinder the entrepreneurial initiative. In our opinion, state intervention is appropriate only when the interests of society and the industry require it. It is necessary to provide freedom of activity to the subjects of tourist activity in compliance with strict regulations.

This paper provides a review of public policies affecting the quality of early childhood services for low income families, focusing on the federally funded Head Start program, federally supported child care, and preschools operated with state education dollars. The characteristics of high quality programs are defined as including: basic health and safety protections; a sufficient number of staff for children; small group size; staff training and consistency; adequate staff salaries and benefits; and, for low income families, comprehensive services for children and their parents. The background and provisions for quality, program standards, monitoring and enforcement, fiscal policies, and training and technical assistance are discussed for Head Start; for the four major federal programs that provide direct assistance for child care: the Social Services Block Grant, the Family Support Act, the Child Care and Development Block Grant; and the "At-Risk' Child Care Program; and for state-funded preschool programs. The following principles are suggested to guide policy regarding quality across publicly funded early childhood programs: (1) all low-income children, regardless of the funding source for care, deserve the best quality of care; (2) all early childhood programs must address the comprehensive needs of children and families; (3) children must have continuity of care; (4) programs should be responsive to parents' schedules. Recommendations for improving the quality of early childhood services for low-income families concludes the report. Contains five references and one note. (DR) *

The paper represents the analysis, which has helped to establishthe usage of gas hydrate technologies in the methane conversion. This gascould be obtained in different ways. Possibilities and sources for the gasobtaining have been demonstrated. Use of other environmentally friendlysources to support operation in such systems in terms of joint energycomplex has been considered. The necessary kinetic connections to provide operational sustainability of all the constituents have been given. The approach helps evaluate quantitatively the priority of its physicochemical transformations to obtain gas hydrates artificially. It is possible to transport methane at considerable distances when it issolidified. Actually, in this case there is no necessity to build costlycompressor stations and pipelines for its transportation to consumers. Theapproach is extremely important for mining regions as it helps prolong theoperating period and working out of the abandoned and off-balance coalreserves. In this case, it is proposed to apply special gasification technologies tending to maximum methane recovery. The proposedsolutions give the possibility to define the trends of our further research. They will be highlighted in the following authors’ studies.

The article evaluates current trends in the development of science and innovation in Kazakhstan. Analysis of scientific and innovation activities in Kazakhstan show that among the main sources of financing science there are almost no business representatives. An assessment of the current state of the national innovation system demonstrates that with the existing system of financing science in Kazakhstan there is no possibility to increase the costs of research and development. The overall reduction in domestic R&D expenditures over the period analyzed had the most negative impact on the financing of basic research. The results of the study show the need to revise some of the value settings for building a national innovation system in Kazakhstan.

The long-term, stable development of the country, the standard of living of its population is primarily influenced by the ability of the state to fully meet the basic needs of the population, a prominent place among which is the nutritional requirement. At the same time, the level of meeting the population's nutritional requirements is put into practice through the assessment of such a category as food security. Its sustainability to a great extent depends on the success of the development and functioning of the agro-industrial complex of the country, which is constantly affected by climatic factors, economic and financial, as well as political ones.

The article analyzes the dynamics of socio-economic development in the regions in recent years, and the
factors that have changed the quantitative and qualitative changes in them. Indicators of the impact of the new economic
and social facilities on the living standards of different economic regions and Baku city were also given, including the
Theil index and Gini coefficient for economic regions. The article uses systematic analysis, scientific logical
summarization, economic classification and other research methods. At the end of the analysis, the relevant findings
were substantiated.

In response to the increased threat of catastrophic wildfire, states have adopted various policies and programs to reduce hazardous fuels and protect communities. Many of these programs offer public education and assistance to private property owners concerning vegetation management. Some states have adopted regulations to compel residents to adopt fuel management practices. In 2003, researchers surveyed state and local administrators of wildfire risk reduction programs in 25 states. The current study analyzes the responses of 20 state-level administrators in 16 states along with information the authors collected about these programs in creating the website www.wildfireprogram.usda.gov. The authors present an overview of the structure and objectives of state-level programs for reducing hazardous fuels on private lands; and potential obstacles to program effectiveness, such as budget shortages, inadequate cooperation among agencies, and public resistance. Also, states with more compl...

The degree of income differentiation depends on many factors, including the level of regional economic development, production structure and industrial specialization. In this paper, we assess the impact of the industrial specialization of Russian regions on income inequality measured by the Gini coefficient. Based on the regional data over the period 2005 to 2018, we build an econometric model applying the Arellano-Bover / Blundell-Bond estimation method. We use shares of the main industries in gross regional product to describe production structure of regions. The modelling results show that the classic Kuznets curve is not empirically supported for the regions of Russia. Besides, we find that the larger the share of mining, manufacturing, construction, trade and financial sector in GRP, the higher the inequality in the region, while the share of agriculture does not affect it significantly.

The long-term, stable development of the country, the standard of living of its population is primarily influenced by the ability of the state to fully meet the basic needs of the population, a prominent place among which is the nutritional requirement. At the same time, the level of meeting the population's nutritional requirements is put into practice through the assessment of such a category as food security. Its sustainability to a great extent depends on the success of the development and functioning of the agro-industrial complex of the country, which is constantly affected by climatic factors, economic and financial, as well as political ones.

Among various behavioral theories long generally believed and embraced by American business are those of Frederick Herzberg and Abraham Maslow. Herzberg, a psychologist, proposed a theory about job factors that motivate employees. Maslow, a behavioral scientist and contemporary of Herzberg's, developed a theory about the rank and satisfaction of various human needs and how people pursue these needs. These theories are widely cited in the business literature. In the education profession, however, researchers in the '80s raised questions about the applicability of Maslow's and Herzberg's theories to elementary and secondary school teachers: Do educators, in fact, fit the profiles of the average business employee? That is, do teachers (1) respond to the same motivators that Herzberg associated with employees in profit-making businesses and (2) have the same needs patterns as those uncovered by Maslow in his studies of business employees? This digest first provides brief outlines of the Herzberg and Maslow theories. It then summarizes a study by members of the Tennessee Career Ladder Program (TCLP). This study found evidence that the teachers in the program do not match the behavior of people employed in business. Specifically, the findings disagree with Herzberg in relation the importance of money as a motivator and, with Maslow in regard to the position of esteem in a person's hierarchy of needs. Herzberg's theory of motivators and hygiene factors Herzberg (1959) constructed a two-dimensional paradigm of factors affecting people's attitudes about work. He concluded that such factors as company policy, supervision, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and salary are hygiene factors rather than motivators. According to the theory, the absence of hygiene factors can create job dissatisfaction, but their presence does not motivate or create satisfaction. In contrast, he determined from the data that the motivators were elements that enriched a person's job; he found five factors in particular that were strong determiners of job satisfaction: achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and advancement. These motivators (satisfiers) were associated with long-term positive effects in job performance while the hygiene factors (dissatisfiers) consistently produced only short-term changes in job attitudes and performance, which quickly fell back to its previous level.