Sociology and Political science

SummaryThe purpose of the present commentary is to discuss the nature and correlates of workplace commitment across cultures. We asked six organizational behavior scholars, who are intimately familiar with Brazil, China, Denmark, Germany, or Israel as their country of origin or extended residence, to “contextualize” workplace commitment. They did so by explicating institutional and cultural characteristics of their context on the emergence, meaning, and evolution of commitment by reference to their own research and extant local research. Their responses not only supported the utility of three‐component model of commitment but also revealed the differential salience of various commitment constructs (e.g., components and foci of commitment) as well as possible contextual moderators on the development and outcomes of commitment. The commentators also described changes including the growing prevalence of multicultural workforces within national borders and changes in employment relation...

The unintended negative consequences of the drive towards open access publishing are becoming increasingly apparent. This paper examines the nature of open access publishing from the perspectives of authors and readers, considering issues of payment and ownership, and the question of open access for data. It discusses the origins of open access, its costs and the extent to which delivers on its aims, and reviews its advantages and disadvantages, including economic restrictions on access to publishing, the rise in predatory journals and de gradation of quality control, and the consequent potential of open access to damage the standing of science in society. Given the recognised importance of 'crafting the message', i.e. communicating scientific results to each category of end-users in the most appropriate way, it should also be asked why the 'one size fits all' solution of publishing results in open access journal papers (which usually follow the standard format of scientific papers, which remains off-putting to the casual reader) is considered necessary. There is a need for greater rigour in choice of publication outlets, avoiding predatory journals and promoting benign open access options, and ensuring that funding bodies and policymakers are aware of the unexpected negative impacts of unregulated open access publishing.

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The paper briefly reviews recent research that adapts and extends the Tiebout model of residential choice, paying special attention to those studies which utilize Hirschman's exit, voice and loyalty model. The paper argues that these are theoretically and empirically flawed since they do not take account of Tiebout-rational intra-jurisdictional moves but concentrate upon potential exiting behavior. The article then tests the importance of the inter-/intrajurisdictional distinction using a logit model of factors using data from the 1990 Economic and Social Research Council Mobility Study (ECSRCMS) of London. Finding weak results from this analysis, the article then offers a more powerful test of factors predicting a move to jurisdictions with preferable tax rates.

A dominant assumption in social science is that shared similarities are the foundation for social categorization and identification. Accordingly, heterogeneity should hinder social identity formation. This paper argues the opposite can also be true: in heterogeneous groups, strong social identities can be built on expressions of individuality (inductive social identity formation), instead of shared similarities (deductive social identity formation). Two experiments manipulate social identity formation (deductive vs. inductive social identity formation) and support this idea. Study 1 shows that in heterogeneous groups, inductive social identity formation can result in higher identification and perceived entitativity than deductive social identity formation. Study 2 manipulates heterogeneity and confirms that while deduction of a social identity fosters a strong sense of identification in homogeneous groups, in heterogeneous groups a strong sense of identification can be brought about through induction. This pattern is also visible in real within-group cooperation.

Comprendre Le debat sur l'insecurite n'est pas un fait nouveau, mais revet aujourd'hui une acuite toute particuliere dans la societe francaise, notamment en Ile-de-France. Il s'est installe sur le devant de la scene politique et mediatique, durablement inscrit sur les agendas nationaux et locaux. Cette construction de l'insecurite comme categorie de l'action publique s'appuie sur des outils permettant de quantifier les delinquances et leurs evolutions. Par-dela les statistiques officielles, la connaissance de ces phenomenes s'est consolidee avec le developpement d'enquetes en population generale : les enquetes de delinquance auto-reportee et les enquetes de victimation, a l'instar de celle que mene l'IAU idF a l'echelle regionale depuis 2001. S'il importe de mesurer et d'expliquer les problemes d'insecurite dans leurs manifestations objectives et subjectives, il convient aussi de comprendre quelles sont les actions mises en...

In contexts of institutional crisis, conflicts arise in which different pressure groups try to maximize their influence, seeking to adjust a political reality in line with their own interest. This article analyzes the changes in the attitudes of economic elites regarding the process of drafting of a new Constitution in Chile. Based on the literature on the political culture of entrepreneurs, the research hypothesis posed in this study suggests the existence of a widespread conservative attitude within this social group regarding a change in institutional rules. This mainly relates to the perception that a new Constitution in Chile could threaten its predominant place in the distribution of economic and political power. The results obtained after analyzing in-depth interviews with presidents or vice presidents of the main business organizations in the country show changing positions throughout the different stages of the constituent process. Even though some attitudinal changes towards an adaptation become visible, what ultimately prevails is an unmitigated rejection of the constituent process. These findings clearly suggest a return to the initial stances of most entrepreneurs, something that also happened in the elite examined as well as in the rest of Chilean society. Thus, one can speak about a sort of "boomerang effect": the attitudes of rejection have once again dominated the space of discursive expression where the pressure exerted by public opinion seemed to pave the way for a certain reformism or a transforming reaction. This evidence confirms a disconnection found in the literature which reveals the dynamic nature of short-term attitudes linked to each specific situation, albeit with more stable values and positions specific to the political culture which exist on a more persistent basis.

El capital político es una categoría muy presente tanto
en la vida social como en la literatura en las ciencias
sociales. En el mundo social, el ‘capital político’ funciona
como expresión a través de usos ordinarios, mientras
que en el campo científico aspira a existir como concep-
to. Con el fin de especificar el contenido de este concep-
to y su alcance explicativo, es imposible no solicitar a la
sociología de Pierre Bourdieu, un autor que teorizó la
noción de capital en relación con un campo. A diferencia
de otros campos, Bourdieu incursionó de manera poco
sistemática en el campo político y la especie de capital
que allí predomina, el capital político, lo que explica las
imprecisiones del concepto. Es para aclarar lo que cabe
entender por capital político que este artículo toma se-
riamente en cuenta las analogías del razonamiento eco-
nómico y sus límites para entender la operación de esta
especie de capital cuando es invertida en el campo. Esto
nos llevará a abordar este concepto pensando con, y a veces contra Pierre Bourdieu

This paper focuses on the development of Hong Kong's cultural economy and its translation into urban space. On the one hand it focuses on recent economic development and planning strategies to develop a post-colonial identity based on the international cachet of attracting creative industries. On the other hand, it considers the development of grassroots initiatives that herald the potential articulation of Hong Kong as a culturally dense global city. These grassroots initiatives are analyzed from the perspective of their problematic relationship with urban space, and how urban planning both supports and hinders cultural development. The paper argues that top-down planning is in large part catalytic, yet at the same time can run counter to the development of genuine artistic expression. It stresses the importance of 'middleground' actors in facilitating the development of spaces for artistic creation, particularly in their productive interlocking with different forms of artistic expression and public policy initiatives. The middleground can be conceived of as a relational space produced by various processes, actors and structures operating at different scales between institutional actors and the interests of 'underground' creativity. The article concludes by problematizing the role of middleground actors and underlines the value of 'unpacking' the middleground in order to account for the contested and negotiated processes it embodies. Renewed attention to these processes will contribute to enhancing the development of sites of artistic expression in Hong Kong and other emergent contemporary contexts.

Comparative studies often highlight the negative effects of federalism for welfare state expansion. We examine Brazil and India, which have both enhanced their welfare effort despite political fragmentation. We argue that federalism's effects must be seen together with degrees of party system nationalisation. In Brazil, new social policies have reinforced a move towards greater party system nationalisation. Control over anti-poverty programmes has been recentralised leading to more even outcomes. In India, while the central government also introduced new social policies, expansion has been filtered by political regionalisation. The effectiveness of social provision relies on state governments, producing substantial territorial differentiation.

This paper explores some of the difficulties involved in defining satire. Neither the formal characteristics of satire nor its informing purposes, including its variable associations with humour and the provocation of amusement allow for a unifying definition over the long term. It considers a range of approaches to and types of definition and takes as a principle example the notion of Menippean satire. It argues that a characterisation in terms of family resemblance is more helpful for a strictly historical understanding than formal definitions and that it is misleading to take satire as a genre, let along a literary one. Throughout it also suggests that the case of satire tells us something about definition and the often naïve expectations of what definitions can establish.

United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) supporters and non-voters in England participate respectively in forms of engaged and disengaged anti-political activity, but the role of individual, group-based, and collective emotions is still unclear. Drawing upon recent analyses of the complex emotional dynamics (e.g., ressentiment) underpinning the growth of right-wing populist political movements and support for parties such as UKIP, this analysis explores the affective features of reactionary political stances. The framework of affective practices is used to show how resentful affects are created, facilitated, and transformed in sharing or suppressing populist political views and practices; that is, populism is evident not only in the prevalence and influence of illiberal and anti-elite discourses but also should be explored as it is embodied and enacted in "past focused" and "change resistant" everyday actions and in relation to opportunities that "sediment" affect-laden political positions and identities. Reflexive thematic analysis of data from qualitative interviews with UKIP voters and non-voters (who both supported leaving the EU) in 2015 after the UK election but before the EU referendum vote showed that many participants: 1) shared "condensed" complaints about politics and enacted resentment towards politicians who did not listen to them, 2) oriented towards shameful and purportedly shameless racism about migrants, and 3) appeared to struggle with shame and humiliation attributed to the EU in a complex combination of transvaluation of the UK and freedom of movement, a nostalgic need for restoration of national pride, and endorsement of leaving the EU as a form of "change backwards.

In the period November 2013-April 2014 more than 160,000 Ethiopians were deported from Saudi Arabia after a seven months amnesty period for undocumented migrants came to an end. This large-scale regularization campaign of the Saudi government must be seen in light of the 'Arab Spring', when popular uprisings in the Middle East were threatening dictatorial regimes. The effect of the Arab Spring was felt globally; the uprisings impacted upon migrants living in countries in the Middle East and on their countries of origin. This paper looks into the experiences of Ethiopian deportees prior, during and after their forced return. We argue that the fact that the migrants were not prepared for their sudden return affected their economic, social network and psychosocial embeddedness back in Ethiopia. In addition, the Ethiopian government has not been able to improve the returnees' economic embeddedness, which has affected their social and psychological status negatively.

London's successful bid for the 2012 Olympic Games presented a diverse, cosmopolitan city opening its arms and ''welcoming the world.'' This article explores the apparently benign gesture of hospitality contained in London's official candidature files submitted in 2004 and asks how such a promise of inclusiveness is managed. We argue that London's depiction of itself as hospitable to every kind of visitor relies on subtle techniques of governmentality in which the subject positions of ''host'' and ''guest'' are imagined and produced in ways that make them more governable. By this, we are not referring to acts of authority, coercion, or discipline that exclude subjects or render them docile bodies within a rigid panoptical city. Rather, we are referring to the delicate ways in which the official bid document imagines and produces the ideal subject positions of host and guest and in so doing enables, encourages, and incentivizes certain behaviors. This analysis of urban welcoming takes us beyond reductive oppositions of hospitality and hostility, inclusion and exclusion, self and other. It focuses instead on how London's inclusive welcome produces a variety of host and guest positions (for example, the ''Olympic Family,'' volunteers, guest workers), segregates them within the city, and then ''conducts their conduct'' in the areas of planning, security, transport, accommodation, education, and training. By analyzing the techniques of governmentality at work in London's 2004 bid document, this article foregrounds the enabling form of power driving the city's inclusive welcome and exposes its inherent micropolitics. Early versions of this paper were presented at the International Studies Association annual convention in New Orleans, February 2010, and the Hospitality in International Political Thought Workshop in Brisbane, July 2010. The authors would like to thank the organizers of the ISA panel and workshop, Owen Parker and Gideon Baker respectively, and all participants (especially Bud Duvall and Jimmy Casas Klausen) for their excellent and thoughtprovoking discussions of our initial drafts. We would also like to thank Bal Sokhi-Bulley, as well as the editors and two anonymous reviewers, who helped us produce a substantially better paper.

This article builds on the current critique of urban neoliberal strategies for global competition that make instrumental use of arts and creativity. This paper moves the debate forward by providing a more holistic overview of why cities exploit arts and creativity as a business development strategy. It translates the arguments often used in the literature on corporate investment in arts to consider how investment in arts and creativity at an urban level aim to affect not only promotion and marketing, but also influence public relations and corporate social responsibility, prompt new production and research and innovation and boost local human resources for the local economy. Cities invest in cultural development, arts, creative industries, festivals and other events to develop a range of opportunities and as an overall strategy to engage in global urban competition, behaving like companies who try to differentiate themselves in the market by investing in creativity and sponsoring arts events. To illustrate the similarity between urban policies and business strategies we use the case study of Łódź, a Polish post-industrial city, where creative industries have recently become leading urban development drivers.

Comprendre Le debat sur l'insecurite n'est pas un fait nouveau, mais revet aujourd'hui une acuite toute particuliere dans la societe francaise, notamment en Ile-de-France. Il s'est installe sur le devant de la scene politique et mediatique, durablement inscrit sur les agendas nationaux et locaux. Cette construction de l'insecurite comme categorie de l'action publique s'appuie sur des outils permettant de quantifier les delinquances et leurs evolutions. Par-dela les statistiques officielles, la connaissance de ces phenomenes s'est consolidee avec le developpement d'enquetes en population generale : les enquetes de delinquance auto-reportee et les enquetes de victimation, a l'instar de celle que mene l'IAU idF a l'echelle regionale depuis 2001. S'il importe de mesurer et d'expliquer les problemes d'insecurite dans leurs manifestations objectives et subjectives, il convient aussi de comprendre quelles sont les actions mises en...

In the USA, scholars have developed theories to explain the role of legislative committees, but these theories have not been widely tested outside the USA. This ambivalence results from the perception that the strength of political parties in parliamentary systems undermines the importance of other legislative institutions, including the committees. We surveyed members of the Turkish parliament during a period of considerable party-system turmoil to test the applicability of the prominent theories of committee organization (the distributive, informational, and partisan theories) to a parliamentary system. We found strong support for the distributive and partial support for the informational specialization and partisan theories. We consider the implications of these results for our understanding of the role of committees in parliamentary democracies and the study of parliamentary politics.

The course will consist in a close reading of the two volumes of Tocqueville's Democracy in America. The purpose of the course is to introduce students to Tocqueville's moderate defense of liberal democracy, the political order founded on the synthesis of liberty and equality. In contrast to the extreme views held in his day-the radical aristocratic view seeing democracy as inherently tyrannical and the radical democratic view seeing democracy as inherently just and well-ordered-Tocqueville's study of America was a qualified vindication of democracy as a political order in which liberty and equality, enlightenment and religion, self-interest and the common good, regard for human greatness and respect for the little guy, could be substantially harmonized, given the right laws and political institutions and, most importantly, the right mores.

The participation of women in Chinese society over past decades has been shaped by the shifting relationships between state, market and society as these have impacted on public and private spheres of life. The paper looks at these relations from the point of view of the development of childcare policies for pre-school children by considering three main phases in the development of childcare policies in China. It then turns in more detail to the coping strategies available to working parents in contemporary times. It considers this in relation to new intersectionalities of gender, generation and income. Finally the paper looks forward to new policies to better enable the balance of work and care in the future. China and the implications for working mothers.

We argue that leader-member exchange (LMX) standing relative to the LMX relationships of other coworkers (RLMX) in workgroups may influence employees' job performance. Based on social comparison and social identity theories, we develop a moderated-mediation model of the psychological processes linking RLMX and job performance, and test it on a sample of 252 employees and 42 managers working in two large banks. Results of hierarchical regression analyses provide support for the model. We found that RLMX was positively related to social identification after controlling for perceptions of LMX; and also that social identification mediated the relationship between RLMX and job performance. We found further that negative affectivity moderated the relationship between RLMX and social identification which, in turn, also mediated the interactive effect on job performance.

Multiple aspects of intergenerational programs present challenges for evaluators. Broader measures and perspectives are needed particularly with respect to informing economic evaluations of intergenerational programs. The study aims to: (1) Identify impact measures suitable for an economic evaluation of a mixed generation program; (2) Design an economic evaluation that compares these program impacts with current services. The suggested evaluation design includes perspectives from children, parents, adult care recipients, caregivers and service providers. Measures for inclusion were based on the literature and selected using a set of criteria and stakeholder interviews. To inform economic evaluations of mixed generation programs we recommend a quasi-experimental design using measures of experience/satisfaction, quality of life/wellbeing, willingness to pay, burden of care and service utilization. The suggested economic evaluation measures and design will guide future programs of mixed generations in the pursuit of cost effective and sustainable service options in this rapidly evolving service environment.

Purpose Colombia presents with one of the largest armed conflicts in the world. Children exposed directly or indirectly to armed conflicts live the emotional footprints left by war. This paper aims to identify mental health problems among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict and associated factors. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study with (n = 80) children aged 7 to 11 years (M = 9.8 years; SD = 1.4) was conducted using the Child Behavior Checklist, Family APGAR and MOS social support survey adaptation to children. Linear regression analyses were also performed with emotional and behavioral problems as the outcomes and related factors as the predictors. Findings Clinical levels of emotional and behavioral problems were found in 56.3% of children. Internalizing problems (63.7%) were more common than externalizing problems (51.2%). Older children had greater emotional problems at the trend level, and those with higher functioning families had lower emotional...

Evidence suggests that certain migrant populations are at increased risk of abusive behaviors. It is unclear whether this may also apply to Thai rural-urban migrants, who may experience higher levels of psychosocial adversities than the population at large. The study aims to examine the association between migration status and the history of childhood sexual, physical, and emotional abuse among young Thai people in an urban community. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Northern Bangkok on a representative sample of 1052 young residents, aged 16-25 years. Data were obtained concerning: 1) exposures-migration (defined as an occasion when a young person, born in a more rural area moves for the first time into Greater Bangkok) and age at migration. 2) outcomes-child abuse experiences were assessed with an anonymous self report adapted from the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS). There were 8.4%. 16.6% and 56.0% reporting sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, respectively. Forty six percent of adolescents had migrated from rural areas to Bangkok, mostly independently at the age of 15 or after to seek work. Although there were trends towards higher prevalences of the three categories of abuse among early migrants, who moved to Bangkok before the age of 15, being early migrants was independently associated with experiences of physical abuse (OR 1.9 95% CI 1.1-3.2) and emotional abuse (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.3-3.0) only. Our results suggest that rural-urban migration at an early age may place children at higher risk of physical and emotional abuse. This may have policy implications for the prevention of childhood abuse particularly among young people on the move. Keywords Child abuse . Transients and migrants . Young adult . Thailand Recognition of the significance of child abuse as a global public health concern and its devastating impact has increased . In line with the report, violation of children's right, such as child prostitution and labor in Thailand, is widespread (Berger and Glind 1999). The magnitude of child abuse experiences has also been demonstrated by a number of epidemiological studies . Child abuse has various definitions, which have never been formally operationalized . However, the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect recently compared definitions of abuse from 58 countries and found commonalities in what was considered abusive . It is agreed that child abuse or maltreatment constitutes many forms that result in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust, or power (WHO

Evidence suggests that certain migrant populations are at increased risk of abusive behaviors. It is unclear whether this may also apply to Thai rural-urban migrants, who may experience higher levels of psychosocial adversities than the population at large. The study aims to examine the association between migration status and the history of childhood sexual, physical, and emotional abuse among young Thai people in an urban community. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Northern Bangkok on a representative sample of 1052 young residents, aged 16-25 years. Data were obtained concerning: 1) exposures-migration (defined as an occasion when a young person, born in a more rural area moves for the first time into Greater Bangkok) and age at migration. 2) outcomes-child abuse experiences were assessed with an anonymous self report adapted from the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS). There were 8.4%. 16.6% and 56.0% reporting sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, respectively. Forty six percent of adolescents had migrated from rural areas to Bangkok, mostly independently at the age of 15 or after to seek work. Although there were trends towards higher prevalences of the three categories of abuse among early migrants, who moved to Bangkok before the age of 15, being early migrants was independently associated with experiences of physical abuse (OR 1.9 95% CI 1.1-3.2) and emotional abuse (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.3-3.0) only. Our results suggest that rural-urban migration at an early age may place children at higher risk of physical and emotional abuse. This may have policy implications for the prevention of childhood abuse particularly among young people on the move. Keywords Child abuse . Transients and migrants . Young adult . Thailand Recognition of the significance of child abuse as a global public health concern and its devastating impact has increased . In line with the report, violation of children's right, such as child prostitution and labor in Thailand, is widespread (Berger and Glind 1999). The magnitude of child abuse experiences has also been demonstrated by a number of epidemiological studies . Child abuse has various definitions, which have never been formally operationalized . However, the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect recently compared definitions of abuse from 58 countries and found commonalities in what was considered abusive . It is agreed that child abuse or maltreatment constitutes many forms that result in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust, or power (WHO

In many cases, government institutions insufficiently consider the traditional land use of community areas in spatial planning policy. Although numerous investigations into the participatory mapping of community lands have occurred, their results have not been adequately incorporated into the policy realm. In Indonesia, Spatial Planning Regulation (SPR), or locally known as Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) is an instrument to guide land use practices in the categories of development and protected areas. Using a case study for the Merauke district in Papua province in Indonesia, we demonstrate how participatory mapping results of important community areas were integrated into district-level spatial planning through Participatory GIS (PGIS). There are three phases to the process of integrating PGIS into Spatial Planning Regulation. The first phase is to develop a shared vision between the customary communities and the district government and gain a commitment from both parties to use the results in further planning processes. The second phase is to facilitate the PGIS process, which is conducted by the community and a facilitator -in this case a team of WWF Indonesia Sahul Papua Region Office -, and the final phase is to integrate the PGIS results of the important community areas into spatial planning regulation. The results of our case study showed that of the total area adopted by the RTRW, about 69% were important community areas designated as cultural preservation areas. The remaining important community areas were allocated to two other land use categories: protected areas (22%) and development areas (9%). In this case, 91% of the community areas (647,850 hectares) were secured from other land use purposes such as large-scale agriculture, mining, forestry, and infrastructure. The PGIS approach can be applied to districts across Indonesia for mapping community land use practices and integrating them into Spatial Planning Regulation.

This essay examines Jane Austen's Mansfield Park in the light of classical understandings of political theology. It does so by placing the novel in its Anglican and Erastian contexts as well as by showing that it belongs to a lineage of English prose fiction, whose famous names are Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding, which also had theopolitical interests.

Precarity is a double condition. On the one hand, it denotes a socioeconomic position of insecurity and poverty, often particularly associated with statelessness. On the other, as is here argued, it denotes an anthropological or existential condition, one for which human beings are constitutionally unable to fully ground themselves in the world and for that reason are open both to anxiety and to openness and risk. This essay argues that these two forms of precarity are not only increasing but are approaching closer to one another, with the result that old leftist models, which posit stable relations between either “bourgeoisie” and “workers,” or “elites” and “subalterns,” and place them at their center, need to be revised. Instead, models based on precarity as simultaneously a social and an existential condition are required. This is particularly the case for the academic humanities because they, too, are becoming increasingly bound to precariousness under neoliberalism. These new m...

In mixed oligopolies, technology licensing from a cost-efficient firm to a cost-inefficient firm has been widely observed. This paper examines the relationship between privatization and licensing (by public or private firms) with the consideration of either a domestic or a foreign private firm. We find that i) in the case of a domestic private firm, public licensing facilitates privatization, but private licensing hinders privatization; ii) in the case of a foreign private firm, both public and private licensing facilitate privatization. Our results yield important policy implications on privatization.

Background: East Jakarta City experienced the largest increase in the number of students in DKI Jakarta Province. The large number of students participating was followed by the many problems experienced by students such as the cost of transportation expenses for students. The DKI Jakarta Provincial Government issued a Jak Lingko transportation service policy as one of the steps to solving the problem. Aim: The focus of the research is to describe and analyze the implementation of the Jak Lingko transportation policy for the welfare of students in the City of East Jakarta as a form of supporting mobility. Method: This research approach is qualitative with descriptive research type. Interviews were conducted with 15 informants using a purposive sampling technique. Findings: The results of the study show that there are aspects of social welfare policy in the implementation of the Jak Lingko transportation policy that have fulfilled the basic Jak Lingko subsidy policy for students, the ...

Dementia has been identified as one of the major challenges in the 21 st Century. The detrimental effects of dementia can jeopardise personhood, thus person-centred interventions including reminiscence and arts practice have been recommended as tools to promote social inclusion and improve quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of group reminiscence arts sessions for people living with dementia in care homes (residential and nursing homes) using a comparative and time series design to collect data on quality of life. The intervention was conducted in 6 care homes in London over a period of 24 weeks and compared with 6 care homes not receiving the intervention (control). Dementia Care Mapping was used as the primary data collection instrument to measure positive behaviours and rate quality of life before, during and after group reminiscence arts sessions. The evaluation team observed the sessions at three-weekly intervals. Statistical modelling found that positive behaviours and quality of life of care home residents participating in group reminiscence arts sessions increased over the 24 week period. Wellbeing increased sharply during each session and plateaued at 50 minutes with a sustained positive effect after the sessions. On a longer timescale, well-being and quality of life increased slowly and steadily from one session to the next. The findings were statistically significant (p<0.001). The study concludes that group reminiscence arts sessions can have a positive and sustained impact on the quality of life of people with dementia. However, the evidence on the sustainability of the effect over time remains unknown. More research is needed to assess in much greater depth the association between quality of life and group reminiscence arts sessions.

Nous abordons dans notre thèse de doctorat la question des performances des corps dans des rassemblements de protestation en Tunisie révolutionnaire. Nous avons constaté, au tout début des journées de la révolution entre 17 décembre 2010 et 14 janvier 2011, qu'il y avait, souvent, des gens autour du “noyau dur” des manifestants. Un des militants interviewés d’ailleurs a décrit ces rassemblements des tout premiers jours en ces termes : "un noyau autour duquel se dispersent les gens”. Autour de ce noyau, il y avait non seulement la police qui essayait de limiter les mouvements des manifestants, mais également d'autres personnes. Il semble que ces derniers flottent à la limite de la manifestation, en y participant d’une certaine façon tout en pouvant la quitter à tout moment. Nous pourrons les considérer comme des participants prudents, hésitants, curieux et/ou passants. Dans cette communication, nous essaierons de comprendre les caractéristiques des mises en scène de ces personnes autour d'un groupe de manifestants au début des protestations à Tunis.
Nous nous appuyons sur une analyse qualitative d'un ensemble d'articles, de photos et de vidéos publiés dans les journaux qui ont décrit les manifestations de cette époque. Nous nous appuyons également sur des entretiens que nous avons menés avec des militants et des participants de ces manifestations. Dans cette proposition, nous nous concentrerons plus particulièrement sur les extraits d'entretiens décrivant des modes de participations, par exemple ; un entretien avec un militant décrivant sa participation quotidienne, un participant a décrit sa participation en tant que curieux engagés, un autre qui a décrit sa participation aux manifestations en restant à distance pour rester prudent, et un autre encore qui a décrit son changement de décision en faveur de la participation.

Les individus entourant ces "noyaux" des rassemblements auraient pu être des manifestants, mais ils ont choisi de rester dans des espaces plus sûrs : ils ont donc pris une certaine distance par rapport au "noyau" pour manifester et en même temps pour s'en retirer une fois qu'ils sentaient que des dangers les menaçaient. Ces personnes pourraient encore être des "hésitants" dont la décision de manifester n'a pas encore été prise. Il s'agit peut-être aussi de passants qui ont été bloqués par hasard en cherchant la rue où ils pourraient faire leurs affaires. Ou encore, il pourrait y avoir des curieux qui voudraient savoir plus sur ce qu'ils ont croisé.

Dans ce papier, nous proposons d'examiner les mises en scène de ces hésitants, de ces curieux et de ces passants dans les manifestations. Ces mises en scène semblaient parfois être l'une des stratégies adoptées pour faire face à la violence policière. Dans un contexte de régime politique autoritaire, les manifestants risquaient d'être agressés, emprisonnés, ou même de perdre leurs vies. Nous considérons qu’ils ont tous participé dans les manifestations. Nous examinons également alors les rôles qu'ils ont joués dépendants de leur façon de “participer “ dans ces manifestations (“d’une manière consciente ou inconsciente”).  Ces dernières manières différentes de participations ont contribué a multiplié le nombre des participants dans les rassemblements, et par suite donner une ampleur a cette manifestation. Ces dernières formes de se miser en scène non seulement participer a  donner plus d’efficacité au “noyau” mais également ils ont joué des rôles contre les policières en distrayant leur attention sur le noyau du rassemblement et de perdre ensuite le contrôle. D'autre part, ce noyau grandissait et de nombreuses personnes se joignaient à ces manifestants ; le groupe de dizaines de personnes est devenu un groupe de milliers de personnes. Nous pourrons alors examiner le processus des "hésitants" et "des curieux" qui ont rejoint à un moment bien défini ces manifestations.

This research assesses how low-income households in rural Kenya coped with the immediate economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It uses granular financial data from weekly household interviews covering six weeks before the first case was detected in Kenya to five weeks after during which various containment measures were implemented. Based on household-level fixed-effects regressions, our results suggest that income from work decreased with almost one-third and income from gifts and remittances reduced by more than one-third after the start of the pandemic. Nevertheless, household expenditures on food remained at pre-COVID levels. We do not find evidence that households coped with reduced income through increased borrowing, selling assets or withdrawing savings. Instead, they gave out less gifts and remittances themselves, lent less money to others and postponed loan repayments. Moreover, they significantly reduced expenditures on schooling and transportation, in line with the school closures and travel restrictions. Thus, despite their affected livelihoods, households managed to keep food expenditures at par, but this came at the cost of reduced informal risk-sharing and social support between households.

Multiple aspects of intergenerational programs present challenges for evaluators. Broader measures and perspectives are needed particularly with respect to informing economic evaluations of intergenerational programs. The study aims to: (1) Identify impact measures suitable for an economic evaluation of a mixed generation program; (2) Design an economic evaluation that compares these program impacts with current services. The suggested evaluation design includes perspectives from children, parents, adult care recipients, caregivers and service providers. Measures for inclusion were based on the literature and selected using a set of criteria and stakeholder interviews. To inform economic evaluations of mixed generation programs we recommend a quasi-experimental design using measures of experience/satisfaction, quality of life/wellbeing, willingness to pay, burden of care and service utilization. The suggested economic evaluation measures and design will guide future programs of mixed generations in the pursuit of cost effective and sustainable service options in this rapidly evolving service environment.

1 Literally ''built overnight'', the term gecekondu is used to describe the shantytown neighborhoods constructed by poor migrants, usually on the outer fringes of Turkey's largest cities. A distinction can be made between ''inner gecekondu settlements'' and ''outer gecekondu settlements''. The former, established by earlier generations of migrants, have been physically surrounded by and incorporated into the expanding urban infrastructure, but retain certain characteristics that set them apart from the surrounding city neighborhoods. The latter are newer squatter settlements constructed on the urban-rural interface that may lack basic services. highlights that academic discourse on gecekondu people described the population at times as the rural other, other times the disadvantaged other, and later have described gecekondu people as the ''Other'' who is less than and in ferior to the middle and upper class. Recent research on gecekondu people refers to ''cultural inferiority of rural migrants/the gecekondu people'' with some exceptions (Erman, 2001, p. 999).

An image of drowned Syrian toddler, Aylan Kurdi, was popularly shared through social media and this promoted a surge of solidarity with Syrian refugees in September 2015. However, this response was not sustained. We explore the role of social media engagement in the emergence of solidarity and its decline (compassion fade). We collected data when sympathy for refugees was peaking (September 2015), and 1 year later. Latent change score modeling ( N = 237) showed that engagement with the image through social media allowed people to form a pro-refugee group consciousness that acted as the proximal predictor of solidarity. However, reductions in the same factors explain the reduced commitment 1 year later. Distress predicted the reductions in social media engagement. The results support the power of social media to ignite world-changing action, but caution that online engagement may dissipate in the face of ongoing challenges.

The Western-based utopian dream of internet-enabled technology was to overcome distance, allow widespread participation, and forge a shared view of core political issues on complex matter such as justice, economy, and the environment. Politics increasingly takes to social media platforms, enlisting them as tools for gauging and influencing public opinion. This is the case for the Rousseau platform in Italy, designed by the popular anti-establishment party in Italy, 'M5S' or the Five Star Movement. In reference to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in particular his 'Social Contract', it promises to deliver politics more directly to the people by proposing legislation in the online space, allowing members to vote via the platform, educating on and discussing regulations, and more. It aligns well with political utopias envisioned by the internet pioneers. The emancipatory potential and political power that AI brings to these platforms, their political developers, and the membership, is immediately apparent. But is there not a darker side to these technologies, as they become more advanced in gathering and analysing data, making intelligent predictions, and subsequently manipulating cognitive tendencies for the purpose of politics? We discuss some of the critiques and technical functions that may cast reasonable doubt on the participatory ideals, particularly related to relational surveillance as a dystopian issue. This may remind us of the Cambridge Analytica effect; but the influence of AI on these political platforms is not (yet) a criminal offence. Can AI enable the direct democracy which internet pioneers envisioned, or is it actually bringing us the totalitarian nightmare of the 'Brave New World'? If we harness AI to bring about greater democracy, individual empowerment, and emancipation of societies -this would bring about better worlds. But these tools so easily become corrupt. Is there not a darker side to these technologies, as they become more advanced in surveillance practices, making intelligent predictions, andsubsequently manipulating cognitive tendencies for the purpose of politics?

Si fa un gran parlare, negli ultimi anni, della cosiddetta «Agenda 2030»: tralasciandone le pur rilevanti implicazioni sanitarie, securitarie, ecologiche ecc., mi limiterò nella presente sede ad analizzarne la declinazione squisitamente bellica e bellicista. La vittoria elettorale di Donald Trump ha difatti ridestato gli entusiasmi di tutti coloro che confidano in una rapida risoluzione del conflitto ucraino e, in generale, nella fine delle «forever wars», con conseguente ripiegamento della proiezione imperiale di Washington a favore di un vagheggiato neo-isolazionismo. Senza voler sminuire a priori gli eventuali sforzi che il tycoon potrebbe profondere in direzione dell'auspicato obiettivo, urge tuttavia sottolineare come tale soluzione risulti tecnicamente irrealizzabile, in quanto in totale contrasto con l'effettiva configurazione del potere all'interno degli USA, configurazione che come noto prescinde, ed ha sempre prescisso, dalla volontà dei singoli presidenti. Analogamente al loro epigono israeliano, gli Stati Uniti presentano infatti sin dalla loro fondazione una carica di aggressività che risulta intrinseca ai loro stessi presupposti ideologico-culturali di derivazione religiosa (quindi ipso facto insopprimibile in assenza di una drastica messa in discussione di tali presupposti), e che può essere rivolta tanto verso l'esterno quanto verso l'interno. In parole povere, essi sono per così dire costretti a seminare continuamente il caos nel resto del pianeta per non sprofondare a loro volta nella guerra civile, esito inevitabile di un manicheismo che ha polarizzato il Paese in due schieramenti inconciliabili e l'un contro l'altro armati. Il sistema imperiale articolato attorno all'asse Washington-Londra-Tel Aviv non può perciò rinunciare alla guerra, pena non soltanto la sua dissoluzione come sistema imperiale, ma la sua vera e propria autodistruzione. Ed è da questa premessa che appare necessario muovere per analizzare la situazione attuale.

Regional studies globally has a strong focus on understanding the causes of variation in the economic performance and well-being of regions and this emphasis acknowledges that the strength of the local or regional economy plays a determinant role in shaping quality of life. Regional research has been less active in considering spatial variation in other factors that are critical to individual and societal well-being. For example, the regional studies community has been absent from the debate on the social determinants of health and how these influences vary spatially. This paper considers the results of a cross-sectional survey of Australians aged 65 years and over that focused on social connections and well-being. It examines regional variations in the incidence of social isolation within the older population. It finds that while the incidence of self-reported social isolation amongst older persons is broadly consistent with earlier studies, it demonstrates a spatial patterning that is unexpected. The paper considers community-building activities in addressing the impacts of social isolation, including the role of urban design, and suggests that there is a need to supplement the national overview presented there through more detailed studies focused on individual localities.

v 5.2.3 Making fun of religious parties in Balak and Red Carpet ________________ 5.2.4 Divinity and political legitimacy ___________________________________ 5.3 Summary __________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION______________________________________________ 6.0 Breaking the mould: A tale of contested values ____________________________ 6.1 On the issue of transparency ___________________________________________ 6.2 Suggestions for future research _________________________________________

The hypothesis that soldiers took pleasure in killing during the first world war is assessed in the light of particular forms of evidence and the reports of military psychiatrists. The impersonal nature of combat and motives of snipers are also explored. An analysis of admissions to a shell-shock treatment unit suggested that soldiers exposed to the greatest risk of being killed were particularly prone to breakdown in battle. An outlet for aggressive instincts did not protect individuals against psychological disorders. Because of the taboo surrounding killing even when sanctioned in war, personal motives and emotional responses remain areas of uncertainty.

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There is an increasing volume of literature on the positive effects of outdoor natural landscapes on health and well-being. However, to date, there is a paucity of research on the effect of outdoor natural landscapes designed for people with dementia living in long-term care (LTC) facilities, in particular, those which have incorporated the characteristics of a dementia-friendly environment (DFE). This narrative literature review synthesizes current knowledge on the effect of outdoor natural landscape design, which is aligned with the characteristics of a DFE, to improve agitation, apathy and engagement of people with dementia living in LTC facilities. The reviewed studies predominantly support the positive effects of outdoor natural landscapes on agitation, apathy and engagement of people with dementia. However, there are concerns about the methodological approaches, principles incorporated in the applied outdoor natural landscapes' designs, and the environmental assessment. Further rigorous research is required to understand the impact of the outdoor natural landscapes, with the application of DFE characteristics in the design, on agitation, apathy and engagement of people with dementia living in LTC facilities.