Skopostheorie

Bilingualism basically defined as having been brought up with two languages and being more or less equally competent in using both languages is a significant phenomenon in this information era requiring frequent access and communication among people. This study aims to identify the bilingualism phenomenon focusing on some of its components. First of all though it is not easy to make clear cut definitions regarding the term bilingualism, what the term stands for and which basic constellations can be associated with this term will be explained in the study in a detailed way. Following the definition of bilingualism, some conditions such as second language acquisition which proposes a basis for bilingualism, the effects of bilingualism on the brain and certain individual factors affecting bilingualism are going to be dealt with. An important component of bilingualism, bilingual education, will be analyzed within the perspectives of the importance of bilingual family in raising bilingua...

Özet Bu çalışmamızda çeviriye erek odaklı yaklaşımları ele alacağız. Öncelikle tanımını yapıp daha sonra tarihi sürecinden bahsedeceğiz. Konumuzun kurucusunu da ele aldıktan sonra konuya örnekler de vererek daha detaylı bir şekilde inceleyeceğiz. Giriş Erek odaklı çeviri yaklaşımlarında ortak amaç çevirinin erek dil kültürü için yapılmasıdır. Bu kuramda erek okur ve erek kültüre yönelik çeviri yapılır. Her ne kadar erek kültüre odaklanan çalışmalar erek metni temel Hasret TEKİN

Bu çalışmada, işlevci çeviri kuramları arasında yer alan Mänttäri'nin " çeviriye ilişkin eylem kuramı " ve Vermeer'inSkopos kuramlarının günümüz koşullarında nasıl alımlanması gerektiği incelenmiştir. Her iki kuram da 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısının sonlarına doğru geliştirilmiş ve çeviribilim camiası tarafından bugün bile geçerliliği savunulan kuramlar/paradigmalar arasında gösterilmektedir zira kendinden önceki diğer çeviri kuramlarının aksine, Skopos ve çeviriye ilişkin eylem kuramı erek odaklılığı vurgulamaktadır. Neticede, çeviri eylemi erek kültürün beklentilerine göre yapılmalıdır. Ne var ki, 1990'lardan sonra popülerleşen ağ teknolojisi ve yerelleştirme endüstrisi çevirinin uygulanma şeklini de değiştirmiştir. Buna paralel olarak, dijital çağın etkisini hızla arttırdığı düşünülürse, çalışmada tartışılan çeviri kuramlarının da yeni nesillere faydalı olmaya devam edebilmesi ve çeviribilimin olgun bir bilim dalı haline geldiğini kanıtlayabilmek için yeniden yorumlanması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, çalışma boyunca, bu iki kuramdan yola çıkılarak, günümüzde gelinen nokta değerlendirilmiş ve yeniden yorumlanması gerektiği düşünülen söz konusu kuramlar üzerinde yerelleştirme endüstrisinin etkisi tartışılmıştır. Anahtar sözcükler: işlevci kuramlar, Skopos kuramı, çeviriye ilişkin eylem kuramı, erek odaklılık, yerelleştirme endüstrisi, dijital çağ. Abstract This study examines how Mänttäri's " Translational Action Theory " and Vermeer's " Skopos Theory " which are among functional translation theories should be received today. Both of the theories were developed in the late twentieth century and they are regarded as being effectual by translation scholars even today because these theories, unlike the former ones, underscore target-orientedness. As a result, translation activity must be done in favour of the target audience. However, since 1990s, the network technology and localization industry have been popularized and have changed the way translation is done. Correspondingly, considering the increasing influence of the digital age, the translation theories discussed in this study must be re-interpreted in order for them to be useful to new generations and prove the fact that translation studies is now a maturated discipline. Therefore, these two theories are evaluated by focusing on their status today and the effects of the localization industry on these theories are questioned in the study.

Christianne Nord defines a translation brief as the "definition of the communicative purpose for which the translation is needed. The ideal brief provides explicit or implicit information about the intended text function(s), the target-text addressee(s), the medium over which it will be transmitted, the prospective place and time and, if necessary, motive of production or reception of the text" (1997:137).

This study examines Equivalence, an approach that has been largely discussed, and Skopos Theory which was suggested by Hans J. Vermeer. To that end, scientific findings on this topic, as well as analogical and distinctive characteristics of the theories in question are disputed at length. Introduction of an objective and functional translational method that can be employed in Equivalence and providing Werner Koller’s Equivalence with an alternative perspective are among
the objects of this study. This is followed by the discussions of the functionality of Skopos theory, suggestions for possible implications of text-based methods and the introduction of alternative approaches to the theory. The procedural “Equivalence Pyramid” generated for the Equivalence approach is examined in terms of its functionality and applicability through the study of the Turkish translations of Bertolt Brecht’s selected works. On the other hand, theses and antitheses on
Skopos have also been analysed and based on a joint method for both Equivalence approach and Skopos theory, a text-based review has been carried out. The outcome of this study is that Equivalence Pyramid can be utilised for all types of translational texts. Finally, it has been concluded that Skopos theory does not substantially respond to the text-based descriptive methodology addressed within the scope of this study.

Keywords: Translation Studies, Equivalence, Equivalence Pyramid, Skopos Theory, Method.


ÖZET
Çalışmada, Çeviribilim alanında tartışıla gelmiş Eşdeğerlik yaklaşımı ve yine bu alanda Hans J. Vermeer tarafından ortaya atılmış olan Skopos Kuramı konuları ele alınmıştır. Bu konulara dair bilimsel tespitler tartışılmış, benzer ve farklı yönleri ele alınmıştır. Amaçlar arasında öncelikle Eşdeğerliğe çeviri için başvurulabilecek nesnel ve işlevsel bir yöntem getirebilmek, Werner Koller’in Eşdeğerlik sınıflandırmasına farklı bir bakış açısı kazandırabilmek yer almaktadır. Sonraki hedefler ise, Skopos kuramının işlevselliğini tartışmak, metne dayalı yöntemle ne gibi
çıkarımlarda bulunulabileceğini ortaya koymak ve bu kurama yönelik farklı yaklaşımlar getirebilmek olmuştur. Eşdeğerlik yaklaşımına yönelik yöntemsel bir “Eşdeğerlik Piramidi” belinlenmiş, belirlenen bu piramidin işlevselliği ve uygulanabilirliği Bertolt Brecht’in seçilmiş eserlerinin Türkçe çevirilerinden örnekler üzerinde tartışılmıştır. Bunun neticesinde, Eşdeğerlik piramidine her türden çeviri metni için başvurulabileceği öngörülmüştür. Skopos kuramında ise savlar ve karşı savlar ele alınmış, mevcut bilgiler üzerinde farklı saptamalar yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Hem Eşdeğerlik yaklaşımı hem de Skopos kuramı için alternatif yöntemler
geliştirilmeye çalışılmış ve metne dayalı betimsel bir yöntemle eleştirel bir inceleme yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca Skopos kuramında belirlenen yönteme dayalı cevaplanması planlanan sorular bağlamında, salt metne dayalı betimsel bir yöntemin tam olarak yeterli olmadığı tespit
edilmiştir. Seçilen örnekler üzerinde yapılan incelemeler neticesinde, çalışmanın amacına yönelik sorular tartışılmış, sonuç bölümünde elde edilen çıkarımlara yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Sözcükler: Çeviribilim, Eşdeğerlik, Eşdeğerlik Piramidi, Skopos Kuramı, Yöntem

This paper explores the concept of translation strategies within the framework of the functionalist approach in translation studies. It is based on the presumption that a source text can have different translations and examines the factors underlying those differences which tend to be external factors associated with the socio-cultural environment in which the translation process is embedded. The paper makes use of the Skopos theory which is one of the most significant theories within the functionalist approach in translation studies. Relying on the Skopos theory, the aim of this paper to examine the differences in the translation strategies by analyzing two Arabic translations of Leo Tolstoy's novel, Anna Karenina, to demonstrate how the intended function of each version has influenced its translation. The theoretical part of the paper explores the major developments in translation theories that have paved the way for the emergence of the functionalist approach in translation studies. The practical part is based on Vinay and Darbelnet's model of translation strategies and methods. The model was applied to the analysis of the two Arabic translations of the novel to compare the applied translation strategies and methods and identify the most commonly used translation methods in each translation. The paper shows that the two Arabic translations of the novel clearly differ in terms of the translation strategies applied by each translator. The differences are due to the fact that each translation has its own Skopos. Therefore, each translator has chosen a different translation strategy that would enable him to achieve the purpose of his translation. Translation Strategies in light of Skopos Theory

Bilingualism basically defined as having been brought up with two languages and being more or less equally competent in using both languages is a significant phenomenon in this information era requiring frequent access and communication among people. This study aims to identify the bilingualism phenomenon focusing on some of its components. First of all though it is not easy to make clear cut definitions regarding the term bilingualism, what the term stands for and which basic constellations can be associated with this term will be explained in the study in a detailed way. Following the definition of bilingualism, some

Analysis of Roberto Saviano masterpiece "Gomorra. Viaggio nell'impero economico e nel sogno di dominio della camorra" and of the challenging German translated version created by Friederike Hausmann and Rita Seuss.
Diving deeply into foreignization & domestication translation methods, into  the well known translation theories of Sapir, Whorf, Benjamin, Berman, Lotman and Zohar, here is the attempt to discover the translators' paths to ensure the cultural transfer of foreign realities as well as the Fortleben of novels and respective authors.

Implementing Skopostheorie as a translation framework helped focus the Likɔɔnl Bible translation project theoretically and relationally. By answering some basic questions unique to their situation, Skopostheorie helped the team to craft their purposes for translating by imagining how the host product would be used. Implementing Skopostheorie helped the author relate the translation to some of the diverse fields involved in translation, such as: intercultural communication, theology, ideology, and media studies. Implementing Skopostheorie is a challenge, but in this postcolonial era it will likely facilitate better communication between various translation participants and result in greater local engagement with Scripture products.

The initial purpose of this study is to determine whether a Malawian Ciyawo Bible translation can or should be used by Mozambican Yawo speakers. The subsequent purpose, but no less important, is to then work towards designing a Bible translation for Mozambican Ciyawo. These purposes are achieved firstly by investigating the various narrative frames associated with the Mozambican Yawo context, including the sociocultural and religious frames, the historical frame of previous translation and linguistic work in and about Ciyawo, and the orality frame of the Yawo people in Mozambique. Secondly, the narrative frame of a sociolinguistic survey of the Yawo in Mozambique is presented that a) utilises lexicostatistical and phonological analyses of word lists gathered from multiple locations in Niassa Province among Yawo communities, b) assesses through the use of recorded text tests whether the Malawian speech variety of Ciyawo as represented by a new Bible translation is comprehensible to Yawo in various parts of Niassa Province, Mozambique, and c) investigates the opinions and attitudes that mother-tongue Ciyawo speakers have regarding the Ciyawo spoken in other areas of Mozambique, and Malawi. Through the sum of these investigations, it was determined that the Yawo of Mozambique do not find Malawian Bible translation materials suitable for use and that they would be better served by having their own separate translation of the Bible. Therefore, the design of a new Bible translation for Mozambican Ciyawo speakers should be sensitive to the various narrative frames of the Mozambican Yawo context as outlined in this study. With these factors in mind, this thesis concludes with the presentation of a “translation brief” towards the design of a Mozambican Ciyawo Bible translation and a preliminary model to be used in other contexts.

Gemeinsames und Sondergut der beiden aramäischen Übersetzungen werden bestimmt und im Rahmen der Skopus-Übersetzungstheorie ausgewertet hinsichtlich des Verhältnisses zum MT und zueinander, hinsichtlich ihrer Adäquatheit und hinsichtlich der Sprachgeschichte.

Verlinkt mit Passwort

John Ashbery’s poetry was introduced to Polish readers for the first time in 1986, in the now legendary “blue” issue of the world literature review “Literatura na Świecie”. Although the American poet spoke vicariously through the voice of Piotr Sommer’s translatory ventriloquism, and later also via other translators’ voices, it is Andrzej Sosnowski who is typically perceived as the ambassador of Ashbery in Poland. He has been popularizing Ashbery’s poetry by translations and criticism, and – what is more important – also by publishing his own poetry, which has grown through Ashberian verse. Still, easy parallels should be avoided, especially if one considers translations of Sosnowski’s poetry into English. A discussion of a rendition by Rod Mengham, an American poet who translates in cooperation with the author, raises interesting questions of the limits and hermeneutics of translation and mediation of authorial intention, form and language. Can this poetry, so deeply rooted in the American tradition, resist translation into English? This article attempts to answer some of the questions by studying the processes and (im)possibilities of translation of Sosnowski’s poetry.

The decision to initiate a Bible translation project in any community has profound implications. In logistical terms, Bible translation projects can be expensive and taxing on their donors, initiators and other stakeholders. However, they can also have positive transformative effects on the communities that benefit from the translation. Therefore, the decision to translate should be carefully considered. In many cases, a rapid appraisal survey is conducted to determine the remaining Bible translation needs in a given situation. This article assessed the validity of rapid appraisal surveys using the Yaawo context of Mozambique as a case study and cautions against their use when performed in isolation. A new model is proposed based on the object metaphor of a beaded necklace that, although it involves more time and resources, will result in a more appropriate response to the needs (or lack thereof) for Bible translation in each context. Supplementing the beaded necklace model for determining Bible translation needs, insights from narrative frame theory are highlighted as they were applied recently to the complex Yaawo context in Mozambique. These insights are presented to demonstrate that initiating a Bible translation project is not just a sociolinguistic decision but a contextual one as well.

Contribution: The translation of the Bible is a complex process. This article demonstrates that narrative framing is a useful tool for managing the complexity around a new Bible translation project by offering a new model for stakeholders and initiators to assess and manage the context of a new Bible translation situation.

in the last two decades there was an increasing interest in the relationship between media translation and ideology. The study sample of this article is the Arab Spring that attracted the attention of various western and Arab media channels like Aljazeera and the BBC. It is reported that each channel may be inclined certain translation strategies that may not necessarily be adopted by the other channel at the same time which entails that the translation in these media outlets is not random and unbiased. Therefore, the findings of the current work will be helpful for translators that are working in such media institutions.

Este PPT faz parte do seminário “Fundamentos Teóricos e Hermenêuticos da Linguagem, da Literatura e da Tradução“ da I Cátedra Internacional José Saramago na UVigo: http://catedrasaramago.webs.uvigo.es/pt/blog/seminario-fundamentos-teoricos-e-hermeneuticos-da-linguagem-da-literatura-e-da-traducao--164/

These are two graphs which both illustrate the same data set. The Mendeley Translation Studies Group's library of 28,793 bibliographical items, crowd sourced from all languages, contexts, and areas of translation research was used as a corpus. The titles were extracted from the other bibliographical information. Grammatical words were excluded. These are the 100 words that appear most frequently.