Shanghai

This book is the first of its kind to use historical studies and architectural research to outline Shanghai’s pragmatic developments dominated largely by its politics. Professor Reinhard Goethert from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) described it as “a well-thought-out perspective in understanding the amazing transformation of urban Shanghai” and “an excellent foundation for exploring contemporary city-building issues.” In praise of this book, Delft University of Technology Architecture Professor Gregory Bracken, who is also an expert on Shanghai urban studies, writes: “This book is a timely and intelligent examination of Shanghai’s recent urban transformations.” The book has been in circulation since 2009 and been used in architectural, urban and environmental studies courses at MIT, Harvard University and New York University.

Abstract: The concept of ‘Neoliberliasm’ origins from economic politics which believes in the ethics of market in maximizing wealth and efficiency. Under the banner of ‘Reform and Open Policy’, a shift from planned economy to market economy can be identified in China during the 1990s. Shanghai saw the establishment of a land market with former state-owned land permitted to lease via legal procedures. The goal is to optimize land value and to facilitate urban development. With the study of the urban redevelopment project in Moganshan district, Shanghai, I will argue because local government still assumes strong underlying political power with indirect interventions, the land market failed to meet its goals.

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and comorbidity of borderline personality disorder (BPD) among psychiatric outpatients in two clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted. From 3,075 outpatients screened using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-IV+, 2,284 patients positive for a personality disorder were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders. The frequency of BPD among the psychiatric outpatients was 5.8%, with afrequency of 3.5% among males and 7.5% among females (p < .01). BPD was found to have extensive comorbidity with Axis I and II disorders. This study proves that BPD does occur in China. The detected frequency among outpatients is lower than that reported in North America. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex and serious mental disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in regulation of emotion, interpersonal relationships, self-image, and impulse control. In the United States, the prevalence of BPD has been estimated at 1.6% (Lenzenweger, Lane, Loranger, & Kessler, 2007) to 5.9% (Grant et al., 2008) of the general population, 10% of psychiatric outpatients, and 20% of inpatients (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). BPD is the most common personality disorder in clinical settings, and is characterized by severe functional impairment (Skodol et al., 2002), substantial treatment utilization (Bender et al., 2001), and a high mortality rate by suicide, which is almost 10% and is 50 times higher than the rate in the general population (Work Group on Borderline Personality Disorder, 2001). In China, however, the BPD construct has not been uniformly accepted. There is no BPD diagnosis in the third edition of the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD-3; Chinese Psychiatry Association, 2000), although a different diagnostic category of impulsive personality disorder (IPD) overlaps extensively with BPD. These criteria describe

... WEI Ji-He(C&amp;~), YU Neng-Wen(;~:~ FAN Yang-Yi(~), YANG Sen-Long(~&amp;~), ... E 8 ] Hanna RK, Jones T, Blake RI and Millman M S. Water modelling to aid improvement of degasser performance for production of ultralow carbon interstitial free steels [J]. lron making Steetmakin9 ...

Migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong, Taipei, and Shanghai suffer from a variety of abuse from their employers, often in complicity with brokers. How have governments and civil society responded? This chapter reports on a comparative survey of the measures taken by governments and private sectors to address abuse against such workers in Taiwan, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), and Shanghai. This multi-scalar comparison identifies the most efficient ways in which governments can intervene to prevent abuse against domestic migrant workers. The three locations have similar demographic and socio-economic characteristics, but the authorities examined here represent three different levels of government: national, semi-autonomous, and municipal. The locations also represent three different forms of political system: liberal democratic in Taiwan, “consultative authoritarian” in Shanghai, and a hybrid between the two systems in Hong Kong. This chapter, based on fieldwork in all three locations, identifies the actors in government, the agencies that recruit and place domestic workers, and the organizations that advocate the protection of their rights, and assesses their relative influence and resources. I analyse the role of governments, employment agencies, civil society and faith-based/communal organizations in promoting/guaranteeing and/or respecting the rights of domestic workers.

Shanghai's modern urban identity is strongly affected by the assimilation of Western cultural models. Modern Shanghai, mainly developing in the second half of the 19 th century, fused the Western architectural culture and practices with Chinese traditional construction and living habits, creating the so‐called " Shanghai modern " architecture. Shanghai modern (1843‐1949) reveals a widespread adoption of regional styles in architecture, whose scope spreads from British to American, French, Japanese, German, Spanish, Russian, Italian, Indian, and Northern European influences. Following the city's opening to international trade in 1843, European settlements on extra‐territorial concessions began to transform its urban structure and image. At the core of this transformation were the European consulate buildings, far oversized in comparison to similar diplomatic structures in Western cities. The establishment of the British Consulate (1843) was followed by the American (1846) and the French (1848). Until 1855, five other countries established their diplomatic offices in Shanghai: Germany, Austria, Spain, Holland and Denmark. Between 1867 (Italy) and 1934 (Greece), no less than ten more European countries opened their consulates in structures that deserve attention from the architectural and urban point of view. Selecting and illustrating some significant cases, this paper will propose a critical reflection on the role of diplomatic architecture in the development of a complex notion of modernity, still affecting the urban and architectural image of Shanghai.

This paper explores hyperreal spatial experiences produced through the dialectics of original and copy in terms of object, atmosphere, and public space. It focuses on two collaborative projects by Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), namely Danish Expo Pavilion and Superkilen Urban Park; yet begins by unpacking the authenticity of Denmark’s national symbol, the Little Mermaid Statue - a continuous target of vandalism.

This thesis addresses the development of the pictorial genre known as the ‘victory picture’ (Ch. desheng tu 得勝圖, zhangong tu 戰功圖) in 19th century China. Largely associated with production under the patronage of the Qianlong emperor (r. 1736-­‐95), victory pictures were thought to have been confined to the imperial milieu. However, my research has revealed that such pictures found expression in late Qing popular culture through the medium of sheet-­‐prints (often erroneously referred to as ‘New Year Pictures, nianhua 年畫).
An analytical framework has been established by bringing together hitherto isolated bodies of material in different institutions in several countries. The woodblock prints that form the primary basis of this thesis have mostly come from the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris; the British Library, the British Museum and SOAS in London, and the Shanghai Library and Shanghai History Museum.
This thesis focuses on popular prints depicting scenes from the Sino-­‐French War  (1884-­‐85),  the  Sino-­‐Japanese  War  (1895)  and  the  Boxer  Rebellion  (1899-­‐ 1901), in particular, those from the urbanized Jiangnan-­‐Shanghai region and its publishing and distribution networks in South China. This locates them vis-­‐à-­‐vis the contexts of modernity, the development of news reportage and mass media and  the  treaty-­‐port  environment.  It  examines  why  the  victory  picture  was  so prevalent at a time when the Qing armies faced constant defeat.
With the rise of naval power, and the theatre of war shifting to the sea, I also examine how a new iconography for war was developed through these popular prints, as maritime art was largely unfamiliar in China. As the prints  were widely circulated and copied, the phenomenon of their seriality over time and space is also examined. The victory print is thus not only understood as a picture but as an object, specific to its period and medium. Finally, the print itself serves as a primary source: its rubric yields valuable information for a new understanding of the popular print mar

Scholars of entrepreneurship can agree that 'context matters. ' However, there is little consensus regarding the processes through which context and entrepreneurship are mutually constructive. While the influence of top-down forces on entrepreneurial action is well-studied, the ways in which 'bottom-up' entrepreneurial processes reshape context remain undertheorized. To help fill this void, this article explores the dynamic interplay between entrepreneurship and semi-colonial context in Republican Shanghai (1911-1949), by retracing the history of Shanghai's 'Taxi King' , Zhou Xiangsheng, and his enterprise, Johnson Taxi. Through context theorising, the article explicates mechanisms by which Chinese entrepreneurs reshaped semi-colonial Shanghai: how they launched informal taxi services that filled critical gaps in urban connectivity; combined heterogenous technologies to build city-wide taxi networks that traversed Shanghai's many divides; and harnessed rising nationalistic sentiments to link the consumption of transportation services with political identity. We argue that through such mechanisms, Chinese entrepreneurs not only navigated their situated context, but actively re-imagined and transformed it.

In the past decade, urban regeneration policy makers and practitioners have faced a number of difficult challenges, such as sustainability, budgetary constraints, demands for community involvement and rapid urbanization in the Global South. Urban regeneration remains a high profile and important field of government-led intervention, and policy and practice continue to adapt to the fresh challenges and opportunities of the twenty-first century, as well as confronting long-standing intractable urban problems and dilemmas. This Companion provides cutting-edge critical review and synthesis of recent conceptual, policy and practical developments within the field. With contributions from 72 international experts within the field, it explores the meaning of ‘urban regeneration’ in differing national contexts, asking questions and providing informed discussion and analyses to illuminate how an apparently disparate field of research, policy and practice can be rendered coherent, drawing out common themes and significant differences. The Companion is divided into six parts, exploring: globalization and neo-liberal perspectives on urban regeneration; emerging econceptualizations of regeneration; public infrastructure and public space;
housing and cosmopolitan communities; community centred regeneration; and culture-led regeneration. The concluding chapter considers the future of urban regeneration and proposes a nine-point research agenda. This Companion assembles a diversity of approaches and insights in one comprehensive volume to provide a state-of-the-art review of the field. It is a valuable resource for both advanced undergraduate
and postgraduate students in Urban Planning, Built Environment, Urban Studies and Urban Regeneration, as well as academics, practitioners and politicians.

Contemporary art, urban CuLture, and the fashioning of gLobaL shanghai Lin ABOVE SEA Shanghai, long known as mainland China's most cosmopolitan city, has recently emerged as a global capital. Above sea offers the first in-depth examination of Shanghai-based art and design in the 1990s and 2000s, the decades of the city's most rapid post-socialist development. Through analyses of design projects such as Xintiandi and Shanghai Tang, and work by artists including Pang Xunqin, Zhou Tiehai, Yang Fudong, and Cai Guo-Qiang, the book shows how global aesthetics conceal historically rooted cross-cultural conflicts.

Responding to China's astronomical growth in car ownership, several Chinese cities are actively controlling car ownership to reduce congestion and air pollution. Shanghai pioneered car ownership control by adopting a license auction policy that requires purchasers to bid for license quota in monthly public auctions. This paper focuses on one specific parameter of the auction policy design: the mechanism of determining the month quota by the government. Officially, the quota is calculated each month based on road capacity in order to maximize the efficiency of transportation network. However, we argue in this paper that the process of determining quota is not purely driven by supply. Using Shanghai's historical auction data from 2002 to 2012, this paper adopts a time series analysis and multivariate structural autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model to test five plausible hypotheses on the quota setting process. Our results suggest a more complicated story than the official rationale. In addition to road capacity, improvements in the metro network are also positively correlated with the quota amount. More importantly, the quota is highly correlated with prior month's bidding price, suggesting that the government either adjusts the quota to release the pressure of high bidding price and mollify the public, or to maximize revenue. In either case, Shanghai effectively embraces the market mechanism to gauge the public and fine-tune the policy responding to market price signal. Consequently, Shanghai's auction policy combines state control (capping the quota) and market allocation (auction process), and allows certain degrees of flexibility (adjustable quota responsive to bidding price). We suggest that Shanghai should confidently announce that they determine the quota based on a package of objectives rather than the single factor of road supply.

The Metropolis of Manila has poor wastewater management practices which costs the economy around AUD$ 2 Billion per year, results in around a third of all recorded illnesses and has left the rivers biologically dead. However, with a change in wastewater management governance structure in 1997, steady improvements have been realised. Lately, a sewerage system implementation model for river rehabilitation based on a “river basin approach” is being implemented for the first time on a large scale. The implementation is part of a strategy to increase access to sewerage infrastruction, for roughly half of the Manila Metropolis population, from 3% in 1997 to 100% in 2018. The implementation has faced challenges associated with flooding, land availability, above average population growth rates and managing stakeholders. However the bulk of these challenges can be and are being engineered out or managed and the implementation is proceeding.

Haşhaş bitkisi ve ondan elde edilen afyon, dünyanın en eski tıbbî ve sanayi ürünlerinden biri olarak kabul edilir. Haşhaşın kullanım alanının zaman içerisinde artması ve afyonun bağımlılık yapıcı özelliğinin keşfedilmesiyle birlikte, 16. yüzyıl itibarıyla, haşhaş ve afyonun ziraat ve ticareti önem kazanmıştır.

Afyon ticari bir meta olarak ön plana çıktığı 16. yüzyıldan sonra, uluslararası ilişkilerin de yönünü tayin edebilmiş ve başta İngiltere olmak üzere Avrupa’nın birçok ülkesi Uzakdoğu ülkeleriyle afyon kaynaklı sorunlar yaşamıştır. Yüksek kaliteli afyonuyla tanınan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu da Uzakdoğu ülkeleri kadar olmasa da Avrupa ülkelerinin ilgi alanına girmiştir. Böylece afyonun ticari serüvenine Anadolu toprakları da dahil edilmiştir. İmparatorluk döneminin en önemli ihraç maddelerinde biri olan afyon, özellikle İzmir ve İstanbul gibi liman kentlerinden Avrupalı tüccarlar tarafından satın alınmıştır.

Yeni kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti için de afyon, ticarette aranılan ürünlerden biri olmaya devam etmiştir. Cumhuriyet hükümetlerinin onayıyla, hazine gelirlerini arttırmak ve 1929 ekonomik bunalımının olumsuz etkilerinden kurtulmak amacıyla uyuşturucu imal eden fabrikalar kurulmuş ve böylece yeni bir gelir kalemi yaratılmıştır. Fakat bu fabrikaların “yasadışı” olarak kabul edilen faaliyetlerinden dolayı kapatılması ciddi bir mali kayba yol açınca, olumsuz durumu telafi etmek adına afyon üzerine devlet tekeli konmuştur. Uyuşturucu Maddeler İnhisarı olarak adlandırılan tekel hem ekonomik kazancı düzenlemek hem de Avrupa ilaç sanayinin kurmuş olduğu kartelin olumsuz etkilerini gidermek açısından önemli bir adım olarak görülmüştür.

Cumhuriyet dönemi hükümetleri 1930’lu yıllara kadar, afyon kullanımını denetlemek ve kısıtlamak amacıyla toplanan konferanslara katılmama yönündeki Osmanlı döneminde benimsenen politikaya sadık kaldı. Fakat uluslararası camiada afyon, 20. yüzyılın başından itibaren bağımlılık yapıcı özelliğinden dolayı yasaklı maddelerden biri olarak tanımlanmaktaydı ve tüketimi konusunda dünya genelini kapsayan sınırlamalar getirmek için çalışılmaktaydı. 1909 Şanghay Konferansı’yla başlayan 1912, 1913, 1914 Lahey ve 1925 Cenevre’yle devam eden konferansların toplanma amacı da buydu. Gerek Osmanlı ve gerek cumhuriyet yönetimleri davet edildikleri halde bu konferanslara katılmadılar ve konferansların getirdiği yükümlülüklerin altına girmediler. Fakat Cumhuriyet yönetimi Lozan Antlaşması içinde yer alan, afyon konferansı antlaşma metinlerinden dolayı, 1930 yılındaki Londra Konferansı’na katılmak zorunda kalmıştır. Uluslararası camiayla ortak hareket etme zorunluluğu doğrultusunda 1933 yılında yapılan antlaşmaları onaylayan cumhuriyet yönetimi daha sonra düzenlenen 1936 Cenevre Konferansı’na da delege göndermiştir.


__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The plant poppy and the opium obtained from it, is accepted as one of the oldest medical and industrial products. By the 16th century, together with the increase in the usage area of poppy in time and the realization of the addictive feature of opium; cultivation and the trade of poppy and opium gained importance.

When opium appeared as an important commercial product after the 16th century, it became crucial in directing the international affairs and most of the European countries; England in particular, had opium-based-problems with the Far East countries.  Ottoman Empire known for having high quality opium also generated the interests of European countries. In this way, Anatolian territory was also included in the trade adventure of opium. Opium which was one of the most important export articles of the Empire was bought by the European merchants from the seaports, from Izmir and Istanbul more particularly.

For the newly-established Republic of Turkey, opium proceeded to be a significant commodity. By the approval of the governments of the Republic, drug manufacturing factories were built in order to enhance the public revenues and to get rid of the negative effects of the 1929 economic depression. Thereby a new income item was created for the new state. However, the closure of these factories due to their activities which were regarded as “illegal” caused a serious financial loss and for this reason, the state monopoly was enforced on opium in order to compensate this financial loss. The monopoly, which was called as Narcotic Drugs Restraint, was seen as an important step both for arranging the economic income and removing the negative impact of the cartel that was founded by European medicine industry on Turkey’s international opium trade.

Until the 1930s, the governments of Republic era held to the Ottoman policy of not attending the conferences gathered for controlling and limiting the use of opium unchanged. However, opium was defined as one of the forbidden substances since the beginning of the 20th century in the international community due to its addictive nature and a process had begun of introducing worldwide restrictions on the consumption of it. A series of conferences held for this purpose the first one of which was 1909 Shanghai Conference and followed by the ones conducted 1912, 1913 and 1914 in Hague and in 1925 in Geneva. Although they were invited, neither the Ottoman governments nor the governments of Republic attended these conferences and both refused to enter into the obligations that was imposed upon them. However, the Government of Republic had to attend the London Conference in 1930 because of the opium conference contracts included in the Treaty of Lausanne. In accordance with the obligations for acting coordinative with the international community, Government of Republic, who assigned the treaties in 1933, sent also delegate to the 1936 Geneva Conference.

Shanghai continues to encounter the stresses and opportunities of a rapidly urbanizing country – even as urban planning has changed from being a high socialist provider of social goods and welfare to a supporter of China's expansion through the new " reform and opening up " market economy. In this course, we will explore the economic, political, and cultural roles of cities, with a special focus on Shanghai. In order to understand Shanghai in a theoretical context, two sets of readings will be introduced for each topic: classic writings in the field of urban studies, planning, and sociology, and writings specific to Shanghai. This theoretical context will be heavily supplemented by a series of hands-on field trips. Taking full advantage of Shanghai as our laboratory (and nice fall weather), at least seven field trips will be organized as part of this course. Students are expected to have read the required reading before embarking on each field trip. With the context derived from the readings in mind, we will put what we see in context and discuss our experiences in the field in conjunction with the readings at the end of each field trip, usually at the location of the field trip itself. Each student will be required to keep a journal, take photos, record videos, and keep track of places that they visit. A customized pocket map of Shanghai will be ordered for each student to fit each student's needs. At the end of each visit, students will write a 1-2 page summary of their experience in conjunction with the readings and share with the class in a class blog, which will be counted toward the final grade of the course. The objective of this course is to introduce students to architectural and urban studies – a broadly defined field of interdisciplinary study – as well as to help students develop their critical observation, analysis, and thinking skills regarding the urban environment. This course will introduce students to key concepts in architecture, urban planning, and development through deep experiential, sensory, and historical study and engagement with Shanghai as a place, space, and urbanity. In addition to taking full advantage of Shanghai as our laboratory for the said purpose, emerging out of a process of enquiry and discussion about the city, this course will engage students with critical thinking, constructive debates, and exploratory writing, on various platforms; all of which will serve as the foundation on which the course's evaluation will be based.

Présentation donnée dans le cadre du séminaire de l'IrAsia sur les experts en Asie. Cette recherche suggère que les publicitaires ne constituent pas une profession au sens strict mais plutôt un groupe semi-professionnel aux frontières poreuses et évolutives. Les agences de publicité indépendantes qui se développent après la Première Guerre mondiale et établissent un monopole dans les années 1930 jouent un rôle moteur dans la professionnalisation.

This paper discusses Aurora College for Women, which was under the management of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart in Shanghai from 1937 to 1951. It was an American-style university-college like other Sacred Heart colleges in the United States.This paper is crucial to understanding the Chinese Catholic Church in the first half of the twentieth century. It examines the only Catholic university for Chinese women, which has barely been studied. By focusing on Chinese women students, it contributes tremendously to the neglected area of Chinese women (particularly lay women) in the history of the Catholic Church in China before the 1950s. While historians have identified Chinese male elites in the Church, highly educated Chinese women have been ignored in scholarly studies. Thus, this paper is the first of its kind in the study of the Chinese Catholic Church, and attempts to offset the gender bias in the traditional approach to its history.

Tutto è iniziato nel 1985 "presi il mappamondo lo feci girare e puntai il dito, dove avrebbe indicato li sarei andata e fu Cina per diversi anni, viaggiando da sola con itinerari che spesso cambiavano a causa della burocrazia, dopo il 2003 non sono più tornata. Nel 2003, l'anno della SARS, ero a Shanghai per integrare l'autre guide La Chine des Chinois, edita da Levi, Seuil, ho vissuto e monitorato quel periodo per assolvere questo impegno. Non sono mai stata a Wuhan se non di passaggio per raggiungere Canton da Pechino; vi erano solo tre voli giornalieri in cui era difficile trovare posto, l'alternativa era il treno due partenze giornaliere, il più comodo partiva alle 22,55 ed arrivava a Wuhan-Wuchang uno degli agglomerati della città alle 15,17, la sosta era lunga poi si ripartiva per Canton". La fotografa Paola Ghirotti ha ripreso in mano l'archivio sulla Cina "mi sono resa conto che le foto documentavano un Paese interamente cambiato e che questo è il momento adatto per raccogliere il materiale in un libro che lo racconta con immagini e con note introduttive ai capitoli". Il fotolibro è completato da testi di Hori Yasue, Elvira Agnese, Roberto Gobesso

There are number of cases when buildings collapse, because of various reasons. The majority of such cases result from natural disasters. However, these situations are expected and should be taken into account by engineers from the beginning. Such a building collapse occurred in Shanghai, China,on June 27, 2009. The 13-store “Lotus River Garden” collapsed at 5.30 of morning time. Fortunately, the building was not occupied and construction was still continuing. Nevertheless, this accident resulted in one death.

Rem Koolhaas étant quelqu’un d’extrêmement productif mais surtout évolutif, il est difficile voir impossible de résumer sa production graphique à un style ou a une manière de faire. Le texte ci-dessous se focalise sur la dialectique surréaliste de Koolhaas et la production graphique en conséquence.

This report analyzes the way four high-performing systems provide professional learning to their teachers. Shanghai, British Columbia, Singapore, and Hong Kong all score near the top of all jurisdictions tested in mathematics, reading and science on the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

While these systems are quite different, the key to all of them is that collaborative professional learning (teachers working with other teachers to improve curriculum, instruction, school climate, etc.) is built into the daily lives of teachers and school leaders. This is reinforced by policies and school organizations that:

- Free up time in the daily lives of teachers for collaborative professional learning
- Create leadership roles for expert teachers who both develop other teachers and lead school improvement teams
- Recognize and reward the development of teacher expertise
- Enable teachers and school leaders to share responsibility for their own professional learning and that of their peers.

I was invited to contribute to a book on four decades of development of Chinese museums. The book appeared in 2019: Museum development in China, Rowman and Littlefield, edited by Gail Dexter Lord et al. I contributed a chapter. My inspiration and insight resulted in a much bigger text which I publish here in "international English", language unedited. But as English pays the price of being modern lingua franca, I dare to publish the unedited text, counting on the tolerance, - mostly of all of us foreign speakers of English who are rarely at ease listening to the pronunciation of some native speakers of it. It is also offered at www.mnemosophy.com/the-vault.

Although Eileen Chang, one of China's most popular twentieth-century writers, never visited Nanyang (lit., the South Sea, referring principally to Southeast Asia), Nanyang and huaqiao (Chinese sojourners) are mentioned frequently in her writings. This essay first analyzes Chang's images of Nanyang and huaqiao, and then discusses the societal and individual contexts of her literary conceptualizations by tracing her direct and indirect knowledge of these themes. Chang's imagination of Nanyang and huaqiao, examined within the historical context of Sino-Nanyang interactions, provides a valuable opportunity to discuss the emergence of a nationalist-driven huaqiao community and the expansion of Sino-Nanyang interactions before the Pacific War.

Having emerged in the 1920s, the Russian community in Shanghai left a lasting and transformative effect on the food production and dining culture of the city. Created virtually from scratch in the dormant residential area of the French Concession, Russian delis, cafés, bakeries, restaurants and night clubs molded the urban environment and became a backdrop for the cultural exchanges between the Chinese and foreign populations. By drawing on previously unexamined source material, this study identifies the culinary imports of the Russian expatriate community and analyses their influence on the economy and culture of the multinational city.

Negli anni precedenti la Seconda guerra mondiale, la “Parigi d’Oriente” è la grande metropoli delle concessioni straniere, un crocevia vivacissimo di avventurieri, di artisti, di intellettuali impegnati, di belle donne, di imprenditori, di perditempo e di miliardari gigolò, ma è anche una città di miseria estrema, di ingiustizia e di ineguaglianza. I temi, il linguaggio, la sensibilità personale e artistica degli scrittori dell’epoca sono assai vicini a noi, più vicini di quanto a volte non accada per gli autori della Cina contemporanea. L’ironia graffiante che percorre il racconto Il signor Hua Wei potrebbe essere applicata senza nessuna difficoltà a una serie di personaggi più o meno oscuri della scena italiana, “professionisti” della politica senza arte né parte. Allo stesso modo gli scrittori “di successo”, affamati di quattrini, che affollano inutilmente i nostri talk show sono buoni sodali de Il salsiccia. Entrambi i personaggi escono dalla penna di Zhang Tianyi (1906-1985), uno dei grandi della letteratura del Novecento. Lo scintillio fasullo dei locali alla moda, contrapposto alle vicende umane spesso drammatiche delle persone che li frequentano è un altro tema molto affrontato dagli scrittori dell’epoca, fra cui Mu Shiying (1912-1940, Cinque al nightclub). Li comprendiamo perfettamente quando volgono lo sguardo a una sessualità torbida e repressa (Mu Shiying in La donna di platino), o incerta e conclamata (Ye Lingfeng, 1905-1975, de La signorina n.7), così come quando mettono a nudo una disperazione esistenziale celata da un cinismo di facciata (Liu Na’ou, 1905-1940, di Scarti, o Bao Tianxiao,1875-1973, de Il malanno della cortigiana) o, ancora, quando trasferiscono magistralmente nella scrittura le piccole frustrazioni innocue della quotidianità di mariti, impiegati, amanti, come nei racconti di Shi Zhecun. Questi autori appartengono al numero dei prediletti dal cielo, capaci di parlare al cuore e all’intelletto degli uomini, in qualunque tempo e a qualunque latitudine.

This report was developed within the Horizon2020 project ECHOES: European Colonial Heritage Modalities in Entangled Cities as part of its work package 3 on ‘City Museums and Multiple Colonial Pasts.’ This work package conducts in-depth, qualitative, comparative analyses of three city museums – Amsterdam Museum, Museum of Warsaw, and Shanghai History Museum – each representing distinct positions within colonial history. The main aim of this report is to test the usefulness of the ECHOES modalities – reframing, repression, removal and re-emergence (Kølvraa 2019) – in the context of Chinese museums, to discuss their limitations, and to propose possible rephrasings to enhance their effectiveness. Through the analysis of the SHM/SRM’s engagement/disengagement with the city’s colonial heritage, this paper attempts to answer the following questions: can the ECHOES modalities be applied to the case of the SHM/SRM? What does it mean to engage in decolonial practices in the Chinese context? The SHM/SRM, and Chinese museums in general, are extremely critical of foreign colonialism, but are they challenging what Walter Mignolo calls the “colonial matrix of power” (Mignolo 2011) or are they just perpetuating Western views of modernity?

• Lena Scheen writes a lucid and compelling account of literature written amidst Shanghai’s sweeping transformations from 1990-2010. She evokes lived experiences of the city via literary and cultural analysis informed by field research on influential authors, their texts and their public reception. Shanghai Literary Imaginings is essential reading on turn-of-the-millennium Shanghai literary culture.  -- Robin Visser, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Shanghai Literary Imaginings offers significant new insights into contemporary Chinese urban culture from a highly innovative methodological perspective. Its truly interdisciplinary approach makes Shanghai Literary Imaginings stand out from other books that comment on contemporary Chinese city life. -- Michel Hockx, SOAS, University of London
• Shanghai Literary Imaginings is an admirable feat of organization, analysis, translation, and interpretation, bringing to light a large body of work that would otherwise lie buried, at least in the western world of Chinese studies. -- Andrew David Field, Duke Kunshan University

Examining the rise of Pudong and its role in re-creating Shanghai as a global city, Global Shanghai Remade utilises this important case study to shed light on contemporary globalisation and China’s integration with the world since the late 20th century.

Unpacking the rise of Pudong in the context of Deng Xiaoping’s nation-building agenda, this book explores the development of the district from its earliest planning into a global city centre through multiple perspectives. In doing so, it explores the role of key decision-makers and actors, the strategic planning process, the approaches to urban development, and some of the iconic projects that define the rise of Pudong, Shanghai, and China itself. A timely volume for the 30th anniversary of China’s strategy of ‘developing and opening Pudong,’ it combines the analyses and findings from these perspectives into a framework for a broader understanding of city-making with Chinese characteristics.

China is urbanizing at an unprecedented speed. Filmmakers, artists, musicians, and writers all try to come to terms with the changes of their city. How is the Chinese city-as-spectacle, visualised and thus imagined and reimagined, if not contested, in art and popular culture? What are the possible escape routes from a completely commodified cityscape? How to realign artistic expressions of the spectacle with everyday practices? The imaginations of the Chinese city in art and popular culture that this book explores are not taken as merely mirroring or reflecting "reality," on the contrary, they are part and parcel of the construction, destruction and deconstruction of that reality. As such, these imaginations are enmeshed in the social, material and political realities that produce Chinese cityscapes. Spectacle and the City: Chinese Urbanities in Art and Popular Culture brings together essays by an interdisciplinary team of experts on Chinese cities, including world-renowned scholars like Ackbar Abbas and Chua Beng Huat, as well as leading cultural critics like Ou Ning. Aiming to steer away from an exclusive focus on Mainland China, the adjective Chinese has a cultural meaning and includes places like Singapore and Hong Kong.

Within the context of understanding the opening up of the People’s Republic of China and the city of Shanghai, the aim of the study is to explore ‘space’ in Chinese Communist Party rhetoric, Shanghai spatial planning discourse and personal intercultural engagements. By the term ‘space’, the author refers to an understanding of societal production that integrates space as part of the analysis, taking into account the interplay between official statements on nation building, regional and urban planning, concrete built environments and people’s situated understandings of space. With this in mind, the tripartite aim establishes an understanding of how the Chinese Communist Party envisioned the opening up of the People’s Republic of China and Shanghai, how the Shanghai Municipal Government has implemented the Chinese Communist Party’s visions for the city and how young Chinese talk about their experiences of the changes taking place in Shanghai in interviews about intercultural communication in the city. The tripartite understanding of the opening up of the People’s Republic of China and Shanghai is established by the term ‘contact space’. By this term, the author illustrates and analyses the phenomenon of the opening up processes taking place in the People’s Republic of China and Shanghai, and also develops an analytical tool that allows for an analysis of how the opening up involves several integrated levels of the Chinese society. By the combined use of sociology of space and postcolonial studies, the author shows that the Chinese Communist Party encouraged a controlled insertion of capitalism within the one-party system to modernize the country. Several cities, such as Shanghai, were designated to lead the country into a modern, prosperous, socialist state. Emerging into state-sanctioned capitalist spaces within the one-party rule, the localities were named ‘special economic zones’ and ‘open coastal cities’. Through a land-leasing system, demolition and renovation of selected built environments, the author shows that Shanghai is acquiring the material and visual components of a global city. The author illustrates that the Shanghai Municipal Government produces contemporary Shanghai into a twenty-first-century post-revolutionary city anchored in ancient China, the city’s colonial heritage and Mao’s socialism. By the interviews, the author demonstrates that the city of Shanghai emerges into a contact space conditioned by its colonial history and more recent changes, the city’s geographical location and representations in literature. Illustrating China’s emerging society, the interviewees engage in culture and language exchanges, work at international companies and take part in the city’s leisure and entertainment spaces. Belonging to the emerging Chinese middle-classes, the interviewees demonstrate how they create their own contact spaces (one-to-one occasions and group gathering initiatives) and make use of established contact spaces in Shanghai (universities, language schools, international companies, leisure and entertainment spaces). The author also concludes that Shanghai’s emerging society is based in China’s own developmental discourses but also globally recognized patterns of social hierarchies and capitalist urban space.

China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) is one of the largest projects ever undertaken. The proposed chain of roads, ports, fiber optic cables, and pipelines was designed to increase economic activity from China to South and Southeast Asia, Europe, The Middle East, and Africa. In addition to economic growth, OBOR brings the benefit of increased human capital through the promotion of education and the spread of the Chinese language. OBOR has also been instrumental in supporting a resurgence of Chinese identity among Cambodia’s ethnic Chinese community. The educational benefits which OBOR has brought to Cambodia include Chinese language programs, university scholarships, Chinese schools, and volunteer teachers. On the surface, OBOR is an economic project, but upon closer examination, OBOR is also a vehicle for the promotion of Chinese language and education.

This chapter suggests that the musical concept of timbre can function as an ideational “trading zone,” or Unscharfer Begriff. It explores some diverse treatments of timbre in Western and in Chinese music performance practice, in composition, and in musicological scholarship. The chapter discusses a parallel between the respective epistemic function of “atmosphere” and of “timbre,” as vague concepts in music scholarship. A combination of phenomenal dimensions together, atmospherically, form a gateway to such experiential possibilities. That they can be loosely conceived of as a single conceptual entity, timbre, Klangfarbe or yinse, speaks to the epistemological productiveness and affective power of vagueness. The chapter argues that in the West the notion of timbre has served as a mid-level conceptual “placeholder,” in the absence of more concrete analyses of acoustics and perception. As such it has travelled between music, aesthetics, psychology, physiology, acoustics and studies of culture more generally.

While previous scholars have paid much attention to the maritime history of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang in southern China, by contrast, there are no monographs or articles focusing on maritime history of Shandong in northern China in Western scholarship. However, as a matter of fact, Shandong played a significant role in East Asian maritime history. This book attempts to break through the “Southeast China-centric” framework by focusing attention on the Shandong Peninsula during the Yuan-Ming transition (late thirteenth to early fifteenth centuries).

Many scholars have argued that there was rupture between the two dynasties in politics, society, and culture, or have argued the opposite from the perspective of land-centric history. By placing Shandong maritime history into a supra-regional, global historical context, the author’s study challenges the Southeast China centrism, the terra-centric model and various traditional views. Ma argues that on the one hand, there were obvious “ruptures” of maritime policy and maritime trade from the Yuan to the Ming dynasties, and on the other hand, some things, such as official sea transportation, continued from Yuan to Ming times. More importantly, although the function of the Shandong Peninsula changed from being primarily an important commercial entrepôt in the Yuan to being a crucial military base during Ming times, it is worth mentioning that it was a process extending over several decades, rather than a simple rupture.

More information: https://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de/title_6893.ahtml?T=1640763298