Settlement & Landscape research

m a g a z i n z u r r e g i o n a l e n k u l t u r u n d g e s c h i c h t e a u s g a b e 1 -2 0 1 3 saargeschichte|n e i n z e l p r e i s 4 , -e u r o i s s n 1 8 6 6 -5 7 3 x Ein Hauch von Weltgeschichte Ältestes römisches Militärlager auf deutschem Boden am »Hunnenring« Herausgeber: Historischer Verein für die Saargegend e.V. und Landesverband der historisch-kulturellen Vereine des Saarlandes e.V. Catherina Schreiber -Um die Ecke ins Exil -Das schwierige Leben der saarländischen Emigranten, die zwischen 1935 und 1940 Zuflucht in Luxemburg suchten. Kristine Marschall -Ein Stein macht noch keine Grenze -Drei lobenswerte Beispiele: In Rassweiler und Bischmisheim sowie im Kreis St. Wendel wurden Kleindenkmäler inventarisiert.

The Kyklades or Cycladic Islands have always been popular amongst archaeologists working on the Aegean Bronze Age and the 'glorious' Classical Greek past. In contrast, not much light has been shed upon aspects of post-Roman life on the islands. Research into the post-medieval period has been a subject mainly for historians and folklorists. This paper attempts to explore aspects of the lifestyle of the peoples who inhabited this island group throughout the more recent, yet most neglected centuries of Greek history, using archaeological, textual and other sources and methods. My aim is to reconstruct everyday rural life in Greece, by focusing on the domestic sphere and addressing questions concerning society and the domestic material culture of a littoral area that has remained traditional until very recently.
This paper examines some .first results of the CYRE.P. (Cyclades Research Project) and introduces examples concerning the domestic material culture of the late medieval and post-medieval periods (early 13th-late 19th centuries) in the Aegean Islands of the Cyclades, with particular reference to housing, furniture and internal.fittings, costumes and embroideries.

Content

AD GLORIAM 

S. V. Beletsky, N. I. Platonova (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Anatoliy Nikolaevich Kirpichnikov. Life and Works17
L. M. Vseviov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
List of Scientific Works by A. N. Kirpichnikov27


WEAPONS AND MUNITIONS 

E. N. Nosov, N. V. Khvoshchinskaia (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Weapons from Rurikovo Gorodishche (excavations of 2011—2012)47
I. P. Vozny (Chernivtsi, Ukraine)
Shock Weapons during the 12th — Early 13th Centuries on the Territory of Northern Bukovina55
S. V. Beletsky (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
A Hatchet from Suzdal Opolye65
E. R. Mikhaylova (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Rider and Horse Equipment of Pskov Long Barrow Culture73
S. Yu. Kainov, Yu. A. Kuleshov (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Battle Half-masks of Eastern Europe in Light of Recent Findings and New Research83
A. V. Kurbatov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
What Was Olstra According to Written Sources and Archaeological Evidence99


HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTIONS 

M. M. Kazanski (Paris, France)
Gelon with Falx: About Staftarms of the Great Migrations Period103
S. B. Sorochan (Kharkov, Ukraine)
Byzantine Military Forces in the Crimea in 6th—7th Centuries113
A. V. Fedoruk (Chernivtsi, Ukraine)
Artillery in the Great War of 1409—1411 (according to written sources and archaeological materials)133
V. L. Myts (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Armenian Community of Kaffa during the War with the Ottoman Turks in 1475149
P. E. Sorokin, V. N. Matveev, B. S. Korotkevich, K. A. Mikhailov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Assault on the Landskrona Fortress by Archaeological Data163


MONOGRAPH INSIDE THE JOURNAL 

V. P. Kirilko (Simferopol, Crimea)
Fortress Structures in the Medieval Alushta177


MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE 

G. G. Atanasov (Silistra, Bulgaria), N. D. Russev (Kishinev, Moldova)
Fortress Gate of the Early Byzantine Dorostol and the Medieval Drăstăr (6th—10th cc. AD)247
N. Yu. Skripinskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Yamburg Bastion System249
A. I. Saksa (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
The Old Cathedral in Vyborg — a Unique Object of Cultural Heritage261


SIGNS OF TIME 

M. V. Ivashchenko (Saratov, Russian Federation)
Ceramic Stamps from Chersonesos “Nymphaeum”273
L. S. Klejn (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Rus’ in the System of Ethnonyms as a Clue to the Origin of the Term283
A. G. Shpilev (Kursk, Russian Federation)
Rings with Christian Symbols of the Late 10th — 17th cc. from Kursk Region287


TALENTS AND LEPTA OF THE ANTIQUITY 

E. Ya. Turovsky (Sevastopol, Crimea)
Monetary Business of Chersonesos: between Mithridates Eupator and Emperor Tiberius (63 BC — 37 AD)307
L. V. Nosova (Odessa, Ukraine)
Tyras in the Middle of the 1st Century AD: Political History by Numismatic Data315


HARD FLOWERS OF THE MIDDLE AGES 

G. Yu. Starodubtsev (Kursk, Russian Federation)
Russian Coins in the Last Quarter of the 10th — first half of the 11th Centuries and Russian Monetary Circulation331
A. V. Crivenco (Tiraspol, Moldova)
Serbian Medieval Coins Found on the Territory between the Rivers Prut and Dniester341
N. A. Alekseienko (Sevastopol, Crimea), L. V. Dergaciova (Kishinev, Moldova), Ju. A. Tzepkov (Sevastopol, Crimea)
New Findings of Moldavian Coins From the South-Western Crimea349


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

List of Abbreviations361
Submissions365

Content

AD MEMORIAM 

I. O. Gavritukhin (Moscow, Russian Federation)
The Danube “Stratum” of the Early Slavic Archaeology. A Word from the Editors 17
D. Jelínková (Brno, Czech Republic), I. O. Gavritukhin (Moscow, Russia)
Lubor Niederle (1865—1944) 27
V. Ya. Petrukhin (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Lubor Niederle and the Beginning of the Slavs 35

“… AND THE SLAVS SETTLED ON THE DANUBE …” 

M. M. Kazanski (Paris, France)
Slavic Weapons and Harness of the 5th—7th Centuries43
N. Profantová (Prague, Czech Republic)
Slavs on the Territory of Czechia and their Contacts in 6th—7th Centuries97
D. Jelínková (Brno, Czech Republic)
On the problem of Prague-Type Pottery Culture in Moravia: the origins and specifics117
G. Fusek (Nitra, Slovakia)
Earliest Slavic Population on the Territory of Slovakia151
I. Stanciu (Cluj-Napoca, Romania)
The Earliest Slavs in the Intra-Carpathian Region of Romania163
P. V. Shuvalov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Diverse Slavs in Pseudo-Maurice’s Strategikon217

“… ALL THE WAY ACROSS THE DANUBE …” 

A. Pleterski (Ljubljana, Slovenia)
The Early Slavs in the Eastern Alps and Their Periphery227
Đ. Janković (Belgrade, Serbia)
On Slavisation of Northern Illyria and Dalmatia249
D. Radičević (Belgrade, Serbia)
Towards the Study of the Early Slavic Sites of the Serbian Danube Region (Questions of Chronology and Ethnocultural Belonging)285
N. Hrissimov (Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria)
Early Slavic Sites in the North-Eastern Part of the Balkan Peninsula309

FOLLOW-UP ON EARLIER DISCUSSIONS 

L. S. Klejn (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Leningrad Neonormanism Indeed? Free!345
O. L. Gubarev (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
“Neo-Normanism” or Neo-Antinormanism? Free!351

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

List of Abbreviations57
Submissions359

Содержание

AD MEMORIAM 

И. О. Гавритухин (Москва, Россия)
Дунайский «страт» раннеславянской археологии. От редакторов этого номера 17
Д. Елинкова (Брно, Чехия), И. О. Гавритухин (Москва, Россия)
Любор Нидерле (1865—1944) 27
В. Я. Петрухин (Москва, Россия)
Любор Нидерле и начало славян 35


«… СѢЛИ СУТЬ СЛОВѢНЕ ПО ДУНАЕВИ …» 

М. М. Казанский (Париж, Франция)
Вооружение и конское снаряжение славян V—VII вв.43
Н. Профантова (Прага, Чехия)
Славяне на территории Чехии и их контакты в VI—VII вв.97
Д. Елинкова (Брно, Чехия)
К изучению культуры с керамикой пражского типа на территории Моравии: формирование и особенности117
Г. Фусек (Нитра, Словакия)
Древнее славянское население на территории Словакии151
И. Станчу (Клуж-Напока, Румыния)
Ранние славяне в румынской части Карпатского бассейна163
П. В. Шувалов (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Разные славяне в«Стратегиконе» Псевдо-Маврикия217


«… ДА И ЗА ДУНАЙ, ЗА ДУНАЙ …» 

А. Плетерский (Любляна, Словения)
Ранние славяне в Восточных Альпах и на соседних землях227
Дж. Янкович (Белград, Сербия)
О славянизации Северной Иллирии и Далмации249
Д. Радичевич (Белград, Сербия)
К изучению раннеславянских памятников Сербского Подунавья (вопросы хронологии и этнокультурной принадлежности)285
Н. Хрисимов (Велико Тырново, Болгария)
Раннеславянские памятники в северо-восточной части Балканского полуострова309


ПО СЛЕДАМ ПРОШЛЫХ ДИСКУССИЙ 

Л. С. Клейн (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
Ленинградский неонорманизм — в самом деле? 345
О. Л. Губарев (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)
«Неонорманизм» или неоантинорманизм? 351


ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ 

Список сокращений357
Авторам Stratum plus
Требования к материалам, предоставляемым в редакцию журнала «Stratum plus»359

Zusammenfassung: Die Entwicklungen von Subsistenz und Siedlungsverhalten sind charakteristische Parameter zur Definition des Mesolithikums. Der frühholozäne Landschaftswandel bedingte Innovationen in der Landschaftsnutzung, die auf die intensivierte Ausbeute saisonal verfügbarer Ressourcen in begrenzten Territorien fokussierte. Hierbei spielte die Bevorratung mit energiereichen Haselnüssen eine ökonomisch tragende Rolle. Das Beispiel der gut erhaltenen und hochauflösend dokumentierten Wohnplätze von Duvensee (Schleswig-Holstein) zeigt die damit verbundenen Nutzungsstrategien und den Umfang der Haselnussnutzung durch die Kombination GIS-gestützter räumlicher Analysen, technologischer Artefaktuntersuchungen und quantitativer Modellierungen auf. Die Strukturen der Wohnplätze, ihre Ausstattung, Saison und Datierung sowie die gefundenen Nussschalen weisen sie als Werkplätze zur Bevorratung mit Haselnüssen aus, was eine hohe logistische Kapazität, vorausschauendes Planen und eine lange, besitzrechtartige Nutzungstradition dieses Territoriums impliziert. Die Untersuchungen am Duvensee sind Gegenstand meiner Dissertation (Holst 2007), deren die Subsistenz betreffenden Aspekte im Folgenden zusammengefasst werden. Schlagwörter: Norddeutschland, Mesolithikum, Subsistenz, Landschaftsnutzung, Haselnüsse

Architectures and funerary practices from the second half of the forth and the beginning of the third millennium B.C. are quite different from those in use during the previous middle Neolithic period, in many places in occidental Europe. In Western France this general trend will be expressed in very diff erent ways, if we observe regions situated north or south of the Loire River. New megalithic architectures were built on top of the soil in Brittany, or buried in the Paris Basin. No such thing in more southern regions, were the individual “burials” could even have been one of the more common practice, for a time at least. Comparisons between domestic and funerary architectures, at north, or between individual and collective burials, at south, will highlight new perspectives in the status, the composition or the disposition of funerary goods.

The purpose of this study is to quantify, evaluate and interpret recently collected and processed ceramic evidence about settlement location, rural- and domestic-life throughout the Greek Early Middle Ages in the Aegean region, i.e. during the so-called ‘Dark Ages’ or Early Byzantine times (mid 7th – mid 9th centuries) and the Middle Byzantine era (mid 9th – early 13th centuries). More specifically, it explores the spatial expression of peasant communities in the Byzantine countryside, and examines the socio-economic identity and functional character of rural sites (e.g. hamlets and villages) under the spectrum of domestic ceramic assemblage-composition. This paper demonstrates a methodological exercise for the processing, detailed study and interpretation of complete collections of medieval ceramic finds that comprise the largest part of material culture evidence from Byzantine deserted villages in central Greece, the Aegean islands and southwest Anatolia.

CONTENTS
Researches and Publications
Khuzin F.Sh., Valiulina S.I., Shakirov Z.G. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
50th Anniversary of Bilyar Archaeological Expedition:
results and issues of Great Town investigation ...8
Beisenov A.Z., Dzhumabekova G.S. (Almaty, Kazakhstan).
Ancient Item Spoilage Ritual Used
in Nomadic Burial Rite ...28
R.D. Goldina, V.A. Bernts (Izhevsk, Russian Federation).
Chronology of 3rd–5th Century Female Graves
from Tarasovo Burial Ground ...47
Kazantseva O.A., Nagiev Z.Sh. (Izhevsk, Russian Federation).
Burial of a Man-At-Arms in Kudash I Burial Ground...73
Liphanov N.А. (Samara, Russian Federation).
On the Origin of the Dragon Image on the Plate
from Shilovka Burial Mound ...91
Chizhevsky A.A., Khisiametdinova A.A., Viazov L.A.,
Salova Yu.A. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
Investigations of a Rampart of Balymer Sholom Hill-Fort in 2014 ...108
Zhilina N.V. (Moscow, Russian Federation).
Comparative Analysis of the Khazar
And Slavic-Russian Attire of Adornments ...127
Rudenko K.A. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
On the Chronology of Oriental Import into Volga Bulgaria
in 10th – 11th Centuries (according to toreutics materials) ...157
Orfi nskaya O.V. (Moscow, Russian Federation)
An Analysis of the Style of Male Caftans And Female Dresses
of the Alans from the North Caucasus ...173
Nikitina T.B., Puzatkina E.A. (Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation).
Rusenikha Burial Ground: interdisciplinary
approach to monument investigation ...187
Bocharov S.G. (Simferopol, Russian Federation).
Notes on Historical Geography of 14th–15th Century Genoese Gazaria.
Chembalo Consulate ...204
Fedotova Yu.V., Valeeva-Suleymanova G.F.,
Vizgalova M.Yu. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
Headdress from a Female Burial of 14th Century in the Territory
of Bolgar (a turban with goldwork and a knit veil) ...224
POVOLZHSKAYA ARKHEOLOGIYA № 2 (20) 2017
Nabiullin N.G., Beliaev A.V., Shaikhutdinova E.F.,
Khramchenkova R.Kh., Ianbaev R.M. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
Cast Iron Dishware from Juketau:
preliminary interdisciplinary research results ...236
Bakhmatova V.N., Sitdikov A.G. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
Areas and Locations of Feedstock Extraction for Bolgar Pottery:
sources and identifi cation issues (on the basis on analytical
investigation materials) ...255
Mukhamadeev A.R. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
Issues of Studying and Preservation of Historical and Archaeological
Monuments of Bolgar in Periodicals of Early 1920s ...282
Semykin Yu.A. (Ulyanovsk, Russian Federation).
Conservation and Use of Archaeological Heritage in Ulyanovsk Oblast ...288
Gainullin I.I., Khomyakov P.V., Sitdikov A.G.,
Usmanov B.M. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
Qualitative Assessment of the Condition of Tatarstan Medieval Fortifi ed
Settlements Under the Data of Remote Sensing ...303
Critics and Bibliography
Schaveliov S.P. (Kursk, Russian Federation).
Book Review: A.N. Tkachev. Archaeologists of Kuban and the North-West
Caucasus (1917–1991). A Bibliographic Dictionary and Reference Book.
Krasnodar, 2016. 346 P...321
Chronicle
Sitdikov A.G., Karimov I.R. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
Key Results of Scientifi c Activities of the Institute of Archaeology
Named After A.Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences in 2016 ...330
Beliaev A.V., Valiev R.R., Sitdikov A.G. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
6th Scientifi c Seminar “Interdisciplinary Archaeological
And Natural Scientifi c Investigations of Cultural Heritage Monuments:
Bolgar And Sviyazhsk” ...344
Kuzminykh S.V. (Moscow, Russian Federation)
“Good that You Were Able to Find Their
Only Destiny Among the Thousands of Fates”
To the Anniversary of N.A. Kokorina...349
List of Abbreviations ...362
Submissions ...364
Исследования и публикации
Khuzin F.Sh., Valiulina S.I., Shakirov Z.G. (Kazan, Russian Federation).
50th Anniversary of Bilyar Archaeological Expedition:
results and issues of Great Town investigation ...8
Бейсенов А.З., Джумабекова Г.С. (Алматы, Казахстан).
О древнем ритуале порчи предметов, используемых
в обряде погребения кочевников...28
Голдина Р.Д., Бернц В.А. (Ижевск, Россия).
Хронология женских погребений III–V вв.
Тарасовского могильника ...47
Казанцева О.А., Нагиев З.Ш. (Ижевск, Россия).
Погребение тяжеловооруженного всадника
в Кудашевском I могильнике ...73
Лифанов Н.А. (Самара, Россия).
О происхождении образа драконов
на пластине из Шиловского могильника ...91
Чижевский А.А., Хисяметдинова А.А.,
Вязов Л.А., Салова Ю.А. (Казань, Россия).
Исследования вала городища Балымерский «Шолом» в 2014 г....108
Жилина Н.В. (Москва, Россия).
Сравнительный анализ хазарского
и славяно-русского убора из украшений к костюму ...127
Руденко К.А. (Казань, Россия).
О хронологии восточного импорта в Волжскую Булгарию
в X–XI вв. (по материалам торевтики) ...157
Орфинская О.В. (Москва, Россия).
Анализ кроя мужских кафтанов
и женских платьев алан Северного Кавказа ...173
Никитина Т.Б., Пузаткина Е.А. (Йошкар-Ола, Россия).
Русенихинский могильник: междисциплинарный подход
к изучению памятника ...187
Бочаров С.Г. (Симферополь, Россия).
Заметки по исторической географии Генуэзской Газарии
XIV–XV вв. Консульство Чембальское ...204
Федотова Ю.В., Валеева-Сулейманова Г.Ф.,
Визгалова М.Ю. (Казань, Россия).
Головной убор из погребения женщины XIV в. на территории
г. Болгара (тюрбан с золотым шитьем и сетчатым покрывалом) ...224
POVOLZHSKAYA ARKHEOLOGIYA № 2 (20) 2017
Набиуллин Н.Г., Беляев А.В., Храмченкова Р.Х.,
Шайхутдинова Е.Ф., Янбаев Р.М. (Казань, Россия).
Чугунная посуда Джукетау: предварительные
результаты междисциплинарных исследований ...236
Бахматова В.Н., Ситдиков А.Г. (Казань, Россия).
Районы и места отбора исходного сырья в гончарном
производстве Болгара: источники и проблемы идентификации
(по материалам аналитических исследований) ...255
Мухамадеев А.Р. (Казань, Россия).
Проблемы изучения и сохранения историко-археологических
памятников Болгар на страницах печати начала 1920-х гг ...282
Семыкин Ю.А. (Ульяновск, Россия).
Проблемы сохранения и использования
археологического наследия в Ульяновской области ...288
Гайнуллин И.И., Хомяков П.В., Ситдиков А.Г.,
Усманов Б.М. (Казань, Россия).
Качественная оценка состояния средневековых городищ
Республики Татарстан по данным дистанционного зондирования ...303
Критика и библиография
Щавелёв С.П. (Курск, Россия).
Рецензия на книгу: А.Н. Ткачёв. Археологи
Кубани и Северо-Западного Кавказа (1917–1991 гг.).
Биобиблиографический словарь-справочник. Краснодар, 2016. 346 с ...321
Хроника
Ситдиков А.Г., Каримов И.Р. (Казань, Россия).
Об основных итогах научной деятельности Института археологии
им. А.Х. Халикова Академии Наук Татарстана в 2016 году ...330
Беляев А.В., Валиев Р.Р., Ситдиков А.Г. (Казань, Россия).
VI научный семинар «Междисциплинарные
археологические и естественнонаучные исследования
памятников культурного наследия: Болгар и Свияжск» ...............................344
Кузьминых С.В. (Москва, Россия).
«Хорошо, что из тысячи судеб ты смогла отыскать лишь свою»:
К юбилею Н.А. Кокориной ...349
Список сокращений ...362
Правила для авторов ... 364

Azlin Samsudin, Tarmiji Masron, Mokhtar Saidin, Jeffrey Abdullah and Saiful Shahidan.(2010). LEMBAH BUJANG, SEBUAH KERAJAAN LAMA YANG BERPUSAT:
DARI PERSPEKTIF SISTEM MAKLUMAT GEOGRAFI (GIS).IN: Seminar Prosiding: Penanda Arasan Penyelidikan Arkeologi di UKM (Editor: Asyaari Muhamad, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abd. Rahman and Zuliskandar Ramli).Institut Alam Dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA), Bangi.Pages: 305 - 325

Abstract:

Lembah Bujang telah dikaji sejak sedekad yang la/u dan dikatakan sebagai kerajaan Kedah Tua dari abad ke 1 masihi hingga 14 masihi. Ia juga dilaporkan sebagai salah satu kerajaan lama yang penting dalam abad tersebut sebagai salah satu persinggahan dalam perdagangan di rantau Asia Tenggara. Ma/ah dikatakan juga, penempatan di Lembah Bujang adalah merupakan satu kerajaan atau negeri yang mempunyai penyusunan masyarakat yang tersusun dan jaringan pertukaran barangan tersendiri dengan menggunakan sungai-sungai sebagai penghubung antara kawasan. Fungsi setiap tapak juga telah ditafsirkan berdasarkan kepada kajian o/eh Jane Allen pada tahun 1988. Kesemua tersebut adalah hasil daripada kajian arkeologi melalui  tinjauan dan ekskavasi yang dilakukan oleh pengkaji-pengkaji terdahulu. Bagaimanapun, kajian terhadap taburan tapak-tapak arkeo/ogi di Lembah Bujang dengan menggunakan pendekatan Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) tidak pernah dilakukan /agi. 0/eh itu, ana/isis GIS telah dilakukan ke atas taburan tapak-tapak arkeologi yang sedia ada untuk menentukan polo penempatan dan pusat penempatan tersebut dan sungai utama yang menjadi nodi dalam kerajaan lama. Ana/isis yang dijalankan menunjukkan taburan tapak-tapak adalah tertumpu pada dua lembangan iaitu kawasan tadahan sungai Merbok dan Sungai Muda. Kedua-dua sungai ini memainkan peranan dalam kerajaan Kedah Tua. Ana/isis terhadap polo taburan tapak-tapak arkeologi pula berdasarkan kepada 3 atribut iaitu ketinggian, kecerunan dan fungsi setiap tapak menunjukkan bahawa wujud polo penempatan dan pusat kerajaan Kedah Tua. Polo penempatan Lembah Bujang ada/ah berkisar kepada Sungai Merbok sebagai sungai utamanya berbanding dengan sungai Muda. Ma/ah ana/isis tersebut juga menunjukkan bahawa kawasan Pengkalan Bujang dan sepanjang sungai Pengkalan Bujang kemungkinan merupakan pusat kerajaan Kedah Tua. Sekitarnya merupakan kawasan aktiviti ekonominya. Kewujudan pusat kerajaan, menunjukkan wujudnya kerajaan lama dan penempatan di Lembah Bujang merupakan sebuah penempatan satu negeri yang mempunyai kerajaan berpusat.

i Preface This study is the result of research undertaken between the years 1999 and 2002. It attempts to identify cave-settlements utilised for human and animal habitation and water resources and management techniques adopted in the late Middle Ages in north-western Malta, south of the Great Fault. The parameters for the field survey were dictated by the land surface area, included in the Malta West 1:25,000 survey sheet to the south of the Great Fault (fig. 1A). 1 The undocumented nature of most of the cave-settlements and water systems identified made it necessary for the survey to be presented in a gazetteer format.

CONTENTS
From the Editorial Board
Eugene P. Kazakov – 80 years old!6
FINNO-UGRICA
Rudenko K.A.
Issues of medieval archaeology of the Middle Volga region
in E.P. Kazakov’s researches 10
Shipilov A.V.
History of research of the Eneolithic sites of the Ik and Belaya Rivers interfluve area 30
Kazakov E.P., Lyganov A.V.
The results of investigation of the XVII Izmeri burial ground 43
Ivanov V.A.
Finno-Ugric themes in contemporary archaeology of Bashkortostan 58
Mart’yanov V.N., A.L. Egoshin A.L.
The Steksovo II burial ground 82
Аkilbaev А.V.
Investigations of the Mari archaeological expedition on the Vetluga river within the Nizhniy Novgorod area 1957-2009 97
ARTICLES
Ochir-Goryaeva M.A.
Culture of the nomads on the Lower Volga during the Scythian time: general and especial 106
Egorov A.V.
Materials of the Bulgars from the Idnakar hill-fort: to the issue of the Turkic component in the population 132
Orfinskaya O.V., Lantratova O.B.
The shawl, woven with gold from the Golden Horde 146
Mukhametshin D.G.
G.V. Yusupov and issues of the Tatar epigraphy 154
Smirnov A.S.
Unknown article by S.P. Pokrovsky at the V.A. Gorodtsov’ archive 178
Kuzminykh S.V., Belozerova I.V.
V.A. Gorodtsov and Kazan: tour 1920 186
NOTES
Obukhov Yu. D.
Concerning a fragment of metal vessel from the Bolgar settlement 203
CRITIQUE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kosmenko M.G.
Review of the book: E.P. Kazakov. Stone Age monuments
in the trans-Kama River area (Archaeological essay). Kazan: Foliant Publ., 2011, 180 p. Archaeology of the Volga region and the Urals. Proceedings and Researches, issue 1 208
CRONICLE
Sitdikov A.G., Abdullin Kh.M.
The IV(XX) All-Russian Archaeological
Congress in Kazan 217
Khuzin F.Sh.
Defending of the dissertations in Archaeology for a Doctor and
Candidate Degree at the Institute of History named after Sh. Marjani of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences in 2014 235
Khamidullina S.G.
Remembering Father…(to the 100th Anniversary of G.V. Yusupov) 241
Zeleneev Yu.A., Zelentsova O.V.
80th Anniversary of Vladimir Nikolaevich Martyanov 247
Korolev A.I.
For the Anniversary of Alexander A. Vybornov 252
List of abbreviations 261
Rules for authors 266
Аuthor index for 2012 273
Аuthor index for 2013 281
Аuthor index for 2014 290
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
От редакции
Евгению Петровичу Казакову – 80 лет! 6
FINNO-UGRICA
Руденко К.А.
Проблемы средневековой археологии Среднего Поволжья и исследованиях Е.П. Казакова 10
Шипилов А.В. История изучения памятников эпохи неолита Икско-Бельского междуречья 30
Казаков Е.П., Лыганов А.В.
Итоги изучения Измерского XVII могильника 43
Иванов В.А.
Финно-угорская тематика в современной археологии Башкортостана 58
Мартьянов В.Н., Егошин А.Л.
Могильник Стёксово II 82
Акилбаев А.В.
Историография проблемы этнокультурных и торговых связей населения Ветлужско-Вятского междуречья в IX – начале XII вв 97
Статьи
Очир-Горяева М.А. К
ультура кочевников Нижнего Поволжья скифского времени: общее и особенное 106
Егоров А.В.
Булгарские материалы городища Иднакар: к вопросу о тюркоязычном компоненте населения 132
Орфинская О.В., Лантратова О.Б. 
Золототканая шаль Золотой Орды 146
Мухаметшин Д.Г. Г.В. Юсупов и проблемы татарской эпиграфики.............154
Смирнов А.С.
Неизвестная статья С.П. Покровского в архиве В.А. Городцова 178
Кузьминых С.В., Белозёрова И.В.
Василий Алексеевич Городцов и Казань: поездка 1920 года 186
Заметки
Обухов Ю.Д.
Об одном фрагменте металлического сосуда с Болгарского городища и его аналогиях с Северного Кавказа 203
Критика и библиография
Косменко М.Г.
Рец.: Е.П. Казаков. Памятники эпохи камня в Закамье (археологический очерк). Археология Поволжья и Урала. Материалы и исследования. Вып. 1. Казань, 2011 – 180 с. 208
Хроника
Ситдиков А.Г., Абдуллин Х.М.
IV (XX) Всероссийский археологический съезд в Казани 217
Хузин Ф.Ш.
Защита докторских и кандидатских диссертаций по археологии в Институте истории им. Ш. Марджани в 2014 году 235
Хамидуллина С.Г.
Вспоминая отца… (к 100-летию со дня рождения Г.В. Юсупова) 241
Зеленеев Ю.А., Зеленцова О.В.
Владимиру Николаевичу Мартьянову – 80 лет! 249
Королев А.И.
К юбилею Александра Алексеевича Выборнова 254
Список сокращений  261
Правила для авторов  266
Авторский указатель за 2012 г. 271
Авторский указатель за 2013 г. 276
Авторский указатель за 2014 г. 286

Barrows, as burial markers, are ubiquitous throughout North-Western Europe. In some regions dense concentrations of monuments form peculiar configurations such as long alignments while in others they are spread out extensively, dotting vast areas with hundreds of mounds. These vast barrow landscapes came about through thousands of years of additions by several successive prehistoric and historic communities. Yet little
is known about how these landscapes developed and originated.

That is what this research set out to do. By unravelling the histories of specific barrow landscapes in the Low Countries, several distinct activity phases of intense barrow construction could be recognised. Each of these phases contributed to how the barrow landscape developed and reveals shifting attitudes to these monuments.
By creating new monuments in a specific place and in a particular fashion, prehistoric communities purposefully transformed the form and shape of the barrow landscape. Using several GIS-techniques such as a skyline-analysis, this research is able to demonstrate how each barrow took up a specific (and different) position within such a social landscape. While the majority of the barrows were only visible from relatively close by, specific monuments took up a dominating position, cresting the horizon, being visible from much further away.
It is argued in this research that these burial mounds remained important landscape monuments on the purple heathlands. They continued to attract attention, and by their visibility ensured to endure in the collective memory of the communities shaping themselves around these monuments.

Zuraina Majid, Ang Bee Huat and Jaffrie Ignatius (1998). Late Pleistocene-Holocene Sites in Pahang: Excavations of Gua Sagu and Gua Tenggek:IN (Editor: Zuraina Majid) Archaeological Research and Museums In Malaysia. Malaysia Museums Journal, Volume 34: Pages 65 - 115.

Dwellings and settlements in Thuringia from the Final Neolithic period and the Early Bronze Age between 2500 and 1500 BC

The millennium during which the transition from the Neolithic period to the Bronze Age took place is very well represented in Thuringia, by both finds and features. The Final Neolithic and to the Early Bronze Age are  qually represented in terms of burials, but the same cannot be said for settlements. Only three dozen settlements from the Corded Ware and Bell Beaker Cultures have so far been found, many of which are not,
in fact, substantiated; the paper provides a summary of these.
The distribution of the sites shows that the physiogeographical requirements of the Corded Ware and Bell Beaker populations were similar. The Únětice settlements, on the other hand, are much more numerous. The 261 substantiated settlement sites allow us to draw concrete conclusions with regard to settlement behaviours of the Únětice Culture population. Since burials and settlements were obviously located near each other at the time, with hoards and isolated finds contributing further to the density of the archaeological record, the authors have been able to carry out a detailed analysis of the layout of the settlements, the areas that were settled and the settlement progress. The paper explores three microregions in detail with a particular emphasis on settlement-geographical aspects. As expected, environmental aspects such as soil quality and climatic conditions were revealed as the dominant factors with regard to the choice of location. The seeking out of black-earth soils in non-waterlogged locations favoured by a warm climate suggests an economic focus on crop cultivation. The year-round availability of water also played a major
role. Of lesser importance in the choice of location was the availability of as varied a range of natural resources – wetlands and forests – as possible. However, both ease of access and various social factors, which in some regions led to an increased settlement density, resulted in a picture which is much more multifaceted in its detail.
The settlement at Schloßvippach in the Sömmerda district is a good example of the typical internal structure of these settlements. Located on the banks of a small stream, the site consisted of a settlement, a cemetery, a ritual area and infrastructural elements such as paths and wells. Other settlements with more fragmented overall pictures can be added here and provide evidence of the existence of isolated farmsteads
as well as hamlet-like settlements.

The different work done from January 2006 to December 2008 by de Fundació Marina d’Or de la Comunitat Valenciana has enabled the excavation of over 100.000 square metres. Some aspects whose importance makes them deserve special mention are the sectors of the Islamic period, with their storage structures, for industrial use, as well as an extensive necropolis; the Iberian city of Torre la Sal and the Neolithic site in Costamar, as documented in de Torre la Sal PAI (Integral Action Plan) (Cabanes, Castellón).
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Las diferentes intervenciones realizada desde enero de 2006 hasta diciembre de 2008 por la Fundació Marina d’Or de la Comunitat Valenciana, han permitido la excavación en extensión de más de 100.000 m2, destacando por su importancia los sectores del período islámico, con estructuras de almacenaje, de uso industrial, así como una extensa necrópolis; la ciudad ibérica de Torre la Sal y el yacimiento neolítico de Costamar, documentados en el PAI Torre la Sal (Cabanes, Castellón).
Las excavaciones han contado desde sus inicios con la colaboración de un amplio equipo científico procedente de diversos organismos: Servei d’Investigacions Arqueològiques i Prehistòriques de la Diputació de Castelló, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Universitat de València, Centre d’Arqueologia Subaquàtica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Grupo Paleolab y Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
En esta monografía se recogen los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas y se analizan bajo un enfoque evolutivo. Desde la aparición de la agricultura, el medio se ha visto continuamente transformado siguiendo pautas sociales y culturales. El paisaje es, por tanto, el resultado de esta interacción entre la actividad humana y el medio, que genera una estructuración espacial antropizada cuyas trazas fósiles pueden ser abordadas desde la arqueología.

La Valdera: ricerca storica e ricerca archeologica. Questo contributo intende offrire una sintesi, basata necessariamente sull'edito, della ricerca archeologica condotta in questi anni in Valdera attraverso le attività di tutela della Soprintendenza Archeologica e le attività di ricerca e valorizzazione di Valderamusei e dei Gruppi Archeologi locali. La ricca documentazione d'archivio edita e la conservazione di molti siti di origine medievale hanno dato la possibilità di proporre molte sintesi sull'assetto politico, istituzionale, sociale ed economico della Valdera medievale, senza tralasciare l'aspetto strutturale di tale organizzazione, sia per quanto riguarda la distribuzione delle pievi e delle chiese sia per la fase di incastellamento 1 . Ne scaturisce un quadro piuttosto ricco sulla storia del Medioevo in Valdera, delle famiglie preminenti tra il X e il XII secolo, del rapporto con le diocesi di Lucca e Volterra, del ruolo della Valdera come contado pisano nel basso Medioevo.

The discovery of the Sungai Batu complex by the Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia in 2007 is of great significant in understanding the early civilisations in Malaysia. The complex was found during a scientific palaeoenvironmental reconstruction sutdy. A total pf 97 mounds were mapped and identified in 3km2 area that has great archaeological potential. To date, excavations at 16 mounds revealed ritual monuments, a riverside jetty built in the 2nd century CE, and iron smelting sites that were used from the 1st century CE. The discovery of the iron smelting industry in this complex showed that the Sungai Batu civilisation had an economic base. These new findings give a more holistoc and complete picture of the Bujang Valley civilisation and should lead to a significant re-evaluation of the evidence that has been accumulated since the 1840s. Based on the early research results, the Bujang Valley civilisation was thought to date as early as the end of the 4th century CE and to be primarily a Hindu-Buddhist site (Coedes, 1968). These new finds with chronometric dating (radiocarbon and OSL) allow us to re-write not onl the history of Malaysian civilisation but also that of the region. To date, the important discovery of a 110 CE monument meant Sungai Batu provides the earliest evidence of a monument (with chronometric dates) in Southeast Asia.

Die Reihe "Universitätsforschungen zur prähistorischen Archäologie" trägt dem Bedürfnis Rechnung, Examensarbeiten und andere Forschungsleistungen in die Öffentlichkeit zu tragen. Thematisch findet darin die ganze Breite des Faches vom Paläolithikum bis zur Archäologie der Neuzeit ihren Platz. Ursprünglich hatten sich fünf Universitätsinstitute in Deutschland zur Herausgabe der Reihe zusammengefunden, der Kreis ist inzwischen deutlich größer geworden. Alle interessierten Professoren und Dozenten sind eingeladen, als Mitherausgeber tätig zu werden und Arbeiten aus ihrem Bereich der Reihe zukommen zu lassen. Für die einzelnen Bände zeichnen jeweils die Autoren und Institute ihrer Herkunft, die im Titel deutlich gekennzeichnet sind, verantwortlich. Sie erstellen eine druckfertig gestaltete Datei (PDF). Bei gleicher Anordnung des Umschlages haben die verschiedenen beteiligten Universitäten jeweils eine spezifische Farbe. Finanzierung und Druck erfolgen entweder durch sie selbst oder durch den Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, der in jedem Fall den Vertrieb INHALT INHALT Sabine Hornung Einführung -Die Forschungen des Projektes "Mensch und Umwelt" zwischen 2010 und 2015 Sabine Hornung Aktuelle Forschungen zur Besiedlungsentwicklung des Oppidums "Hunnenring" von Otzenhausen (Lkr. St. Wendel, Saarland) Pascal Brengel Die elektrische Widerstandstomographie (ERT) als Methode zur nicht-invasiven Untersuchung des Aufbaus von eisenzeitlichen Wallanlagen. Mit Fallbeispielen vom Donnersberg, Otzenhausen, Bundenbach und Bibracte Margarethe König Ergebnisse zu Landwirtschaft und Umwelt vom Ringwall "Hunnenring" auf dem Dollberg bei Otzenhausen, Lkr. St. Wendel Daniel Burger Der gallo-römische Umgangstempel "Auf dem Spätzrech" bei Schwarzenbach (Saarland) -Auswertung der Grabung 1984/85 Ayla Lang (mit einem Beitrag von Timo Lang) Ergebnisse der aktuellen Forschungen im Bereich des gallo-römischen vicus "Auf dem Spätzrech" bei Schwarzenbach (Gem. Nonnweiler, Lkr. St. Wendel) 11 Zugehörig ist auch die am Nordende des Ostprofiles von Graben 1 erfasste Schicht 15, die jedoch kleinräumig lokal eine stärker rötliche Färbung aufwies. 12 Erl-16185: 2533 BP ± 46. -1 Sigma (68,3 % Wahrscheinlichkeit): 791-746 BC, 688-664 BC, 645-587 BC, 581-553 BC. -2 Sigma (95,4 % Wahrscheinlichkeit): 802-516 BC.

The current study employs insights and methods from the field of landscape archaeology, which is relatively underutilized in Byzantine studies, to illuminate the changes. Through the study of surface ceramics and surviving architecture in the surroundings of ancient Tanagra in the modern prefecture of Boeotia (νομός Βοιωτίας) in central Greece, an attempt is made to appreciate settled space and trace the evolution of Byzantine settlement systems, beginning with the late antique town of Tanagra itself, and spreading out into its rural hinterland. This paper provides a model of investigation and historical change that can be applied more broadly in other Greek contexts. This paper begins with an introduction to the field of landscape archaeology and its employment in Byzantine studies, followed by an account of the physical landscapes of Boeotia and of the microregion in question. Taking into account past and current use of the terms “town” and “rural periphery,” now popular in medieval Western and Byzantine studies, the remainder of this study shows how this transformation of settled space was shaped from late antiquity to the thirteenth century.

The study of aspects related to site location, land use, production and consumption or non-elite material culture was generally neglected by Medieval Archaeology in Greece until a couple of decades ago, at a time when priority was given to monumental art and architecture. The number of studies, however, that have been published and the number of theses that have been completed over the past ten to fifteen years on the archaeology of the period after the end of Late Antiquity is immense. The aim of this contribution is to provide a survey of recent developments on the archaeology of the Late Byzantine - Frankish period in Greece, focusing on those advances and results that have provided significant insights into the evolution of Late Medieval society and culture. More specifically, this paper examines issues related to:
(a) Landscapes, settlement archaeology and economic activity,
(b) Fortifications and power,
(c) Domestic architecture and the use of space,
(d) Artefacts, consumption and meaning,
(e) Religious art and architecture, and identity.

This article offers a basic model and background methodological approaches to the establishment and development of Ottoman Archaeology in rural Greece, by presenting two surveyed ciftlik-estates in the region of Tanagra and their associated material culture (housing and surface ceramics). The site of Guinosati (6,5 kilometres southeast of Tanagra) and a group of four linked long-houses (here referred to as Bardzi) on the acropolis hill of the ancient Tariagra city-site comprise our present case-study of Ottoman villages dated between the 15th and 18th centuries.

[ES] Los pastizales de altura de la Cordillera Cantábrica han sido un importante recurso para las comunidades que han ocupado estos territorios a lo largo de los siglos. En este artículo presentamos los resultados iniciales de un proyecto de investigación que tiene como objetivo comprender los procesos históricos de formación de los paisajes culturales del Noroeste peninsular. Para ello, se presta especial atención a los procesos de antropización de las zonas de montaña, interpretadas en el marco de un sistema de aprovechamiento complementario entre la ganadería y la agricultura. Los datos para época prehistórica ya permiten documentar la utilización de estos espacios, aprovechamiento que se intensificará a partir de la Edad Media. La atención a diversos tipos de fuentes (arqueológicas, documentales, etnográficas y paleoambientales) para este período nos permite calibrar la fuerte presión a la que fueron sometidos los espacios de pasto en relación con los intereses de distintos grupos sociales que competían por su control de cara al desarrollo de distintos modelos de aprovechamiento económico.

[EN] The upland pastures in the Cantabrian Mountains have been a significant resource for the communities which inhabited this territory during the last centuries. In this paper, the preliminary results of our on-going research project are presented. Our research tries to understand the historical formation processes of the cultural landscapes in the North-West of Iberia. A special attention is paid to the anthropization processes in the mountains, which is discussed in relation to the complementary exploitation system including agricultural and pastoralism practices. The archaeological data allow us to consider the exploitation of the uplands since the Later Prehistory, which will be intensified since the Middle Ages. Taking into consideration of several types of data for the medieval period —such as archaeological remains, written sources, ethnographic information or palaeoenvironmental record— we can assess the important pressure that different social groups performed for controlling the upland pastures. All of them tried to manage the grazing areas management for developing their own economic exploitation model in relation to pastoralism.

Herausgeber sind derzeit: Die Reihe "Universitätsforschungen zur prähistorischen Archäologie" soll einem in der jüngeren Vergangenheit entstandenen Bedürfnis Rechnung tragen, nämlich Examensarbeiten und andere Forschungsleistungen vornehmlich jüngerer Wissenschaftler in die Öffentlichkeit zu tragen. Die etablierten Reihen und Zeitschriften des Faches reichen längst nicht mehr aus, die vorhandenen Manuskripte aufzunehmen. Die Universitäten sind deshalb aufgerufen, Abhilfe zu schaffen. Einige von ihnen haben mit den ihnen zur Verfügung stehenden Mitteln unter zumeist tatkräftigem Handanlegen der Autoren die vorliegende Reihe begründet. Thematisch soll darin die ganze Breite des Faches vom Paläolithikum bis zur Archäologie der Neuzeit ihren Platz finden. VORWORT DER HERAUSGEBER Ursprünglich hatten sich fünf Universitätsinstitute in Deutschland zur Herausgabe der Reihe zusammengefunden, der Kreis ist inzwischen größer geworden. Er lädt alle interessierten Professoren und Dozenten ein, als Mitherausgeber tätig zu werden und Arbeiten aus ihrem Bereich der Reihe zukommen zu lassen. Für die einzelnen Bände zeichnen jeweils die Autoren und Institute ihrer Herkunft, die im Titel deutlich gekennzeichnet sind, verantwortlich. Sie erstellen Satz, Umbruch und einen Ausdruck. Bei gleicher Anordnung des Umschlages haben die verschiedenen beteiligten Universitäten jeweils eine spezifische Farbe. Finanzierung und Druck erfolgen entweder durch sie selbst oder durch den Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, der in jedem Fall den Vertrieb der Bände sichert. Einführung Blick über den Nordwall des "Hunnenrings" (Foto: S. Hornung). Abb. 1:

Archaeological research conducted along the south-west coast of Sicily has identified a number of villages situated near river mouths, datable to the 4th/6th centuries AD. These rural settlements, it seems, were part of a network involving coastal shipping activity, which put these villages in touch with more important harbor settlements elsewhere. In the reconstruction offered here, it is suggested that rivers
probably played an important role in the distribution of goods, especially reinforcing the connection between the coast and the interior.
The villages which have been found, located only a few meters away from the shoreline, often show the same lay-out, with rectangular buildings built of pebbles and consisting of several rooms, separated by open areas. They were used as domestic dwellings and also sometimes for the storage of goods.