Sematic Web

This study highlights textual reference as one of the fundamental pillars in achieving textual cohesion within the texts of Fetha Nagast ፍትሐ ነገሥት "The Laws of the Kings", one of the oldest and most significant legal sources in Ethiopian heritage, serving as the foundation of the current civil law in Ethiopia’s constitution. The research focuses on analyzing textual references in the Ge'ez (Ethiopic) section of the book, examining various aspects of reference, such as personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, comparative reference, and relative pronouns, while illustrating the role of these elements in building relationships between different parts of the text.
    The study is based on the hypothesis that textual reference is not merely a means of linking sentences but represents a profound linguistic network that contributes to maintaining the coherence of the text across its various parts. By analyzing the linguistic and cultural dimensions that influence the comprehension of legal texts within their Ethiopian context, and employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study uncovers the ways in which textual references are utilized to create consistency and cohesion within legal texts. It also emphasizes the cultural and cognitive frameworks shaping this usage.
      The study concludes that textual references in ፍትሐ ነገሥት  Fetha Nagast manifest in multiple forms, including internal reference (endophora), which links elements within the text itself, and external reference (exophora), which relies on shared conventions between the text’s author and its intended audience, thereby enhancing the understanding of legal texts in their local context. The study highlights the pivotal role of pronouns and demonstrative pronouns as primary tools of textual reference, used to establish semantic links within texts. Additionally, it addresses comparative reference as a means to elucidate relationships between texts, shedding light on similarities or differences.
The research ultimately finds that textual reference is not merely a linguistic device but a dynamic tool that contributes to constructing and maintaining textual cohesion. Its reliance on linguistic and cultural contexts ensures the enhancement of textual consistency over time.

The aim of the Cerif4Datasets (C4D) project is to use CERIF to capture the metadata of research datasets, and integrate this metadata with that held on research projects and research outputs available on a central CERIF cloud. CERIF has so far concentrated on the core entities of organisations, people and publications and has some provisions for research outputs such as patents but is not fully equipped to support datasets, especially when there is a need to make these readily discoverable. C4D therefore aims to explore the capabilities of CERIF and extend where required to support metadata about research datasets from a variety of disciplines building on existing standards where possible and develop a reference implementation that makes use of semantic technologies for improved discovery and navigation of key entities associated with datasets such as people, organisations and publications. In this paper we explore the issues related to suitable metadata standards, classification systems and propose an architecture to afford the required discoverability and navigation layer.

This paper presents a sociocultural knowledge ontology (OntoSOC) modeling approach. Onto-SOC modeling approach is based on Engeström"s Human Activity Theory (HAT). That Theory allowed us to identify fundamental concepts and relationships between them. The top-down precess has been used to define differents sub-concepts. The modeled vocabulary permits us to organise data, to facilitate information retrieval by introducing a semantic layer in social web platform architecture, we project to implement. This platform can be considered as a « collective memory » and Participative and Distributed Information System (PDIS) which will allow Cameroonian communities to share an co-construct knowledge on permanent organized activities.

With the advances in the Web, there is the improvement of new search-related mechanisms. However, the debate about the use of these tools, the Semantic Web in Information Science, is still new and requires the development of research to explore its characteristics and implications for the organization and retrieval of information in the Web context. This work addresses Swoogle and Watson search engines, highlighting their particularities, similarities and differences in the structure, functionality and standardization. Through this brief discussion, the points that guided the development of these tools are shown, debating on the theme and its contributions to the Information Science.

In fact, most of information retrieval systems retrieve documents based on keywords matching, which are certainly fail at retrieving documents that have similar meaning with syntactical different keywords (form). One of the well-known approaches to overcome this limitation is query expansion (QE). There are several approaches in query expansion field such as statistical approach. This approach depends on term frequency to generate expansion features; nevertheless it does not consider meaning or term dependency. In addition, there are other approaches such as semantic approach which depends on a knowledge base that has a limited number of terms and relations. In this paper, researchers propose a hybrid approach for query expansion which utilizes both statistical and semantic approach. To select the optimal terms for query expansion, researchers propose an effective weighting method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). A system prototype was implemented as a proof-of-concept, a...

Abstract. As software systems become bigger and more complex, software developers need to cope with a growing amount of information and knowledge. New supporting tools for the management of knowledge created during software development and maintenance is a necessity felt in the software industry. The knowledge generated during the software development process can be a valuable asset for a software company. But in order to take advantage of this knowledge, the company must store and manage it for reuse. This paper ...

This paper presents a sociocultural knowledge ontology (OntoSOC) modeling approach. Onto-SOC modeling approach is based on Engeström"s Human Activity Theory (HAT). That Theory allowed us to identify fundamental concepts and relationships between them. The top-down precess has been used to define differents sub-concepts. The modeled vocabulary permits us to organise data, to facilitate information retrieval by introducing a semantic layer in social web platform architecture, we project to implement. This platform can be considered as a « collective memory » and Participative and Distributed Information System (PDIS) which will allow Cameroonian communities to share an co-construct knowledge on permanent organized activities.

After the mobile revolution, geographical knowledge has getting more and more importance in many location-aware application scenarios. Its popularity influenced also the production and publication of dedicated datasets in the Linked Data (LD) cloud. In fact, its most recent representation shows Geonames competing with DBpedia as the largest and most linked knowledge graph available in the Web. Among the various projects related to the collection and publication of geographical information, as of today, Open Street Map (OSM) is for sure one of the most complete and mature one exposing a huge amount of data which is continually updated in a crowdsourced fashion. In order to make all this knowledge available as Linked Data, we developed LOSM: a SPARQL endpoint able to query the data available in OSM by an on-line translation form SPARQL syntax to a sequence of calls to the OSM overpass API. The endpoint makes also possible an on-the-fly integration among Open Street Map information and the one contained in external knowledge graphs such as DBpedia, Freebase or Wikidata.

As software systems become bigger and more complex, software developers need to cope with a growing amount of information and knowledge. The knowledge generated during the software development process can be a valuable asset for a software company. But in order to take advantage of this knowledge, the company must store and manage it for reuse. Ontologies are a powerful mechanism for representing knowledge and encoding its meaning. These structures can be used to model and represent the knowledge, stored in a knowledge management system, and classify it according to the knowledge domain that the system supports. This paper describes the Semantic Reuse System (SRS), which takes advantage of ontologies, represented using the knowledge representation languages of the Semantic Web, for software development knowledge reuse. We describe how this knowledge is stored and the reasoning mechanisms that support the reuse.

Abstract. As software systems become bigger and more complex, software developers need to cope with a growing amount of information and knowledge. New supporting tools for the management of knowledge created during software development and maintenance is a necessity felt in the software industry. The knowledge generated during the software development process can be a valuable asset for a software company. But in order to take advantage of this knowledge, the company must store and manage it for reuse. This paper ...

Graphical user interfaces design in software development process focuses on maximizing usability and the user's experience, in order to make the interaction for users easy, flexible and efficient. In this paper, we propose an approach for evaluating the usability satisfaction degree of a web-based system. The proposed method has been accomplished in two phases and implemented on an airlines website as a case study. In the first phase, a website usability test is implemented by a number of users, and then the results obtained are translated into charts for a final web-based system evaluation in the second phase. The results achieved were satisfactory, since the places where the weaknesses and gaps in the website are identified and recommended solutions to avoid them are drawn. The authenticity of the results have been confirmed by comparing them with user opinions acquired from a questionnaire, which proves the precision in which the website is rated.

Vocabulary and Word mismatches are common problems in Information Retrieval Systems. Query Expansion(QE) gives a solution to these problems. Selection of key terms to expand the root query is a challenging task. Semantic relationships of a particular term in WordNet will improve the performance. Pseudo Relevance Feedback is one of the proven methods of QE which consider relevant terms to be expanded. Initial retrieved Items are considered as relevant to the query and further used to expand the query. Whenever the sense of key term is found, its lexical relationship synonym is considered for QE. The specific terms to be included in the initial query are selected automatically and the terms selected for the initial query are connected before expansion with OR Boolean operator. We found there is no Telugu WordNet available hence the proposed system is aimed to test on hand-crafted WordNet on limited text collection for Telugu language.

Graphical user interfaces design in software development process focuses on maximizing usability and the user's experience, in order to make the interaction for users easy, flexible and efficient. In this paper, we propose an approach for evaluating the usability satisfaction degree of a web-based system. The proposed method has been accomplished in two phases and implemented on an airlines website as a case study. In the first phase, a website usability test is implemented by a number of users, and then the results obtained are translated into charts for a final web-based system evaluation in the second phase. The results achieved were satisfactory, since the places where the weaknesses and gaps in the website are identified and recommended solutions to avoid them are drawn. The authenticity of the results have been confirmed by comparing them with user opinions acquired from a questionnaire, which proves the precision in which the website is rated.

In the light of the rhythm of the current cultural mixing, we believe that in the long term, culture of African people in particular may disappear. Some new computational techniques (semantic web technologies) are needed to manage the large repositories of sociocultural data and to discover useful patterns and knowledge from them. This paper presents a virtual activity ontology modeling approach, in the case of sociocultural knowledge sharing and co-construction named Ontoshare. Our modeling approach is based on Engeström's Human Activity Theory (HAT). With Ontoshare we designed how Internet users could build the content of a sociocultural Knowledge Management System (KMS); this vocabulary also organises data, facilitates information retrieval by introducing a semantic layer in social web platform, we plan to implement. The platform could be considered as a « collective memory » which will allow communities to share, co-construct and discover sociocultural knowledge in the Camer...

Information related to the COVID-19 pandemic ranges from biological to bibliographic, from geographical to genetic and beyond. The structure of the raw data is highly complex, so converting it to meaningful insight requires data curation, integration, extraction and visualization, the global crowdsourcing of which provides both additional challenges and opportunities. Wikidata is an interdisciplinary, multilingual, open collaborative knowledge base of more than 90 million entities connected by well over a billion relationships. It acts as a web-scale platform for broader computer-supported cooperative work and linked open data, since it can be written to and queried in multiple ways in near real time by specialists, automated tools and the public. The main query language, SPARQL, is a semantic language used to retrieve and process information from databases saved in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format. Here, we introduce four aspects of Wikidata that enable it to serve as a knowledge base for general information on the COVID-19 pandemic: its flexible data model, its multilingual features, its alignment to multiple external databases, and its multidisciplinary organization. The rich knowledge graph created for COVID-19 in Wikidata can be visualized, explored, and analyzed for purposes like decision support as well as educational and scholarly research.

This thesis focuses on the issue of Linked Open Data projects Wikidata and DBpedia, with the main aim on spatial data. The objective of this work is to find a way, how it is possible to use spatial data from these projects and how to visualise them. The content of this work is detailed comparison of structure, accessibility, description of spatial features and extensiveness of both database projects. The thesis further explains the specificities connected with spatial data in those databases and offers an example, how to use the data in a cartographic application. In the example application are present two queries in the SPARQL language, which one allows to find and display a) cities with female mayor and b) birthplaces of Nobel prize laureates, in the map window. The code of this application is open source, hence anyone can get inspired and adapt the application for one's purpose.

Today, the Internet, characterized by its dynamics, is a fantastic source of data for companies. With the tools and techniques currently available, the processing of this data in real-time is no longer a concern; the main concern of decision-makers is the veracity of the data, especially in sensitive areas such as Business Intelligence. In this paper, we present a framework that tends to help decision-makers to ensure the veracity of Social Big Data to improve Social Business Intelligence. Our method checks the veracity of RDF triples based on domain ontology to control the structure of RDF triplets. Then to check the correspondences of the ontology properties, we use the WordNet semantic database, which allows us to check the subject and object classes of each triple RDF. Then the WikiData and DBpedia databases are used to ensure the veracity via a SPARQL query.

Ve strojnim průmyslu dochazi neustale k modernizaci a využiti nových informacnich technologii. Stale vsak zůstava mnoho odvětvi zpracovano v nedostatecne kvalitě do elektronicke podoby. Jednou z nich je sprava normovaných udajů a jejich možna přenositelnost. Tato diplomova prace se zabýva vývojem noveho informacniho systemu, starajici se o spravu normativů a normovaných postupů. Cela aplikace je postavena nad databazi Oracle. Vyvijena je v programovacim jazyce Java za použiti persistentni vrstvy Oracle TopLink. Cilem teto prace je pochopeni technologie Oracle TopLink a jeho prakticke využiti při vývoji výsledneho softwaroveho produktu podle požadavků zakaznika.

Information related to the COVID-19 pandemic ranges from biological to bibliographic, from geographical to genetic and beyond. The structure of the raw data is highly complex, so converting it to meaningful insight requires data curation, integration, extraction and visualization, the global crowdsourcing of which provides both additional challenges and opportunities. Wikidata is an interdisciplinary, multilingual, open collaborative knowledge base of more than 90 million entities connected by well over a billion relationships. It acts as a web-scale platform for broader computer-supported cooperative work and linked open data, since it can be written to and queried in multiple ways in near real time by specialists, automated tools and the public. The main query language, SPARQL, is a semantic language used to retrieve and process information from databases saved in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format. Here, we introduce four aspects of Wikidata that enable it to serve as a ...

With the advances in the Web, there is the improvement of new search-related mechanisms. However, the debate about the use of these tools, the Semantic Web in Information Science, is still new and requires the development of research to explore its characteristics and implications for the organization and retrieval of information in the Web context. This work addresses Swoogle and Watson search engines, highlighting their particularities, similarities and differences in the structure, functionality and standardization. Through this brief discussion, the points that guided the development of these tools are shown, debating on the theme and its contributions to the Information Science.

Abstrakt. Tento příspěvek popisuje webovou službu, která umožňuje indexovat WWW stránky a vyhledávat informace v zaindexovaných dokumentech pomocí XML dotazovacího jazyka. Vyhledávací stroj využívá dříve publikovaný vícerozměrný přístup pro indexování XML dat, který transformuje XML dokument na body vícerozměrných prostorů. XML dotazy jsou pak vykonávány pomocí dotazů vícerozměrných datových struktur. Předpokládaným využitím popisované webové služby, kromě obecného dotazování strukturovaných dokumentů, je i zefektivnění extrakce informací znalostními metodami.

Abstrakt. V dokumentografických informačních systémech jsou textové dokumenty charakterizovány termy. Pro efektivní vyhledávání těchto termů je nutné zvolit vhodnou datovou strukturu. Přístupy pro uložení termů vyvinuté v minulosti (jako např. invertovaný seznam) umožňují pouze jednoduché dotazování nad množinou termů. Často jsme schopni pouze rozhodnout, jestli term charakterizuje nějaký dokument anebo zda je vůbec uložen v databázi. Složitější vyhledávání, jako např.

We discuss Shape Expressions (ShEx), a concise, formal, modeling and validation language for RDF structures. For instance, a Shape Expression could prescribe that subjects in a given RDF graph that fall into the shape "Paper" are expected to have a section called "Abstract", and any ShEx implementation can confirm whether that is indeed the case for all such subjects within a given graph or subgraph. There are currently five actively maintained ShEx implementations. We discuss how we use the JavaScript, Scala and Python implementations in RDF data validation workflows in distinct, applied contexts. We present examples of how ShEx can be used to model and validate data from two different sources, the domain-specific Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) and the domain-generic Wikidata knowledge base, which is the linked database built and maintained by the Wikimedia Foundation as a sister project to Wikipedia. Example projects that are using Wikidata as a data curation platform are presented as well, along with ways in which they are using ShEx for modeling and validation. When reusing RDF graphs created by others, it is important to know how the data is represented. Current practices of using human-readable descriptions or ontologies to communicate data structures often lack sufficient precision for data consumers to quickly and easily understand data representation details. We provide concrete examples of how we The original version of this chapter was revised: By mistake the chapter was originally published non open access. The correction to this chapter is available at

Information related to the COVID-19 pandemic ranges from biological to bibliographic, from geographical to genetic and beyond. The structure of the raw data is highly complex, so converting it to meaningful insight requires data curation, integration, extraction and visualization, the global crowdsourcing of which provides both additional challenges and opportunities. Wikidata is an interdisciplinary, multilingual, open collaborative knowledge base of more than 90 million entities connected by well over a billion relationships. It acts as a web-scale platform for broader computer-supported cooperative work and linked open data, since it can be written to and queried in multiple ways in near real time by specialists, automated tools and the public. The main query language, SPARQL, is a semantic language used to retrieve and process information from databases saved in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format. Here, we introduce four aspects of Wikidata that enable it to serve as a ...

is a flexible biomedical semantic knowledge-base  It has the potential to perform a much better role as a large-scale biomedical semantic resource  Tools are available to query, enrich, verify and process the biomedical knowledge Abstract: Created in October 2012, Wikidata is a large-scale, human-readable, machine-readable, multilingual, multidisciplinary, centralized, editable, structured, and linked knowledge-base with an increasing diversity of use cases. Here, we raise awareness of the potential use of Wikidata as a useful resource for biomedical data integration and semantic interoperability between biomedical computer systems. We show the data model and characteristics of Wikidata and explain how this database can be automatically processed by users as well as by computer methods and programs. Then, we give an overview of the medical entities and relations provided by the database and how they can be useful for various medical purposes such as clinical decision support

Despite its importance to the Web, multimedia content is often neglected when building and designing knowledge-bases: though descriptive metadata and links are often provided for images, video, etc., the multimedia content itself is often treated as opaque and is rarely analysed. IMGpedia is an effort to bring together the images of Wikimedia Commons (including visual information), and relevant knowledge-bases such as Wikidata and DBpedia. The result is a knowledge-base that incorporates similarity relations between the images based on visual descriptors, as well as links to the resources of Wikidata and DBpedia that relate to the image. Using the IMGpedia SPARQL endpoint, it is then possible to perform visuo-semantic queries, combining the semantic facts extracted from the external resources and the similarity relations of the images. This paper presents a new web interface to browse and explore the dataset of IMGpedia in a more friendly manner, as well as new visuo-semantic queries that can be answered using 6 million recently added links from IMGpedia to Wikidata. We also discuss future directions we foresee for the IMGpedia project. CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems → Multimedia databases; Wikis;

The key significant worldview of the Semantic Web is Linked Open Data, another period of the World Wide Web that capacities to carry suggestions to information. An enormous number of both public and private foundations have dis-tributed their information following the Linked Open Data philosophies, or have done as such with information from different associations. To this degree, since the generation and production of Linked Open Data are thorough designing procedures that require high consideration so as to achieve high caliber, and since experience has uncovered that current general guidance is not constantly adequate to be applied to each area, this paper presents a lot of guidance system for creating and distributing Linked Open Data with regards to ethnic groups in Thailand to outside (TEG-LOD Framework). This framework offers an exhaustive depiction of the undertakings to perform, including a rundown of steps, tools that help in accomplishing the errand, different alternatives...

Nowadays, Information Retrieval (IR) is becoming more popular technique due to the tremendous growth of resources on the internet. However, the present information retrieval techniques have several limitations such as lack of semantic keyword, more time consumption and vague user's query, etc. To mitigate these issues, this paper proposed a novel Information Retrieval (IR) framework to achieve effective data access which is available in online. The proposed IR system includes five major steps, at first the documents which are shared as the resources are pre-processed, and domain analysis is made to find the category of the document. Secondly, the keywords are extracted using semantic keyword extraction and indexing, and impact score estimation is obtained to determine the importance of the keyword in each document. Thirdly, the document similarity is estimated using novel similarity estimation algorithm for clustering the documents based on the attained score. Fourth, the documents are ranked based on the similarity score and the impact score of the keywords in the query. Finally, the user needs to register their personal information based on the novel privacy preservation algorithm to maintain the privacy of the querying users. The simulation results of proposed framework achieved significant improvement than existing approaches in terms of average precision, recall, mean average precision and execution time.

Graphical user interfaces design in software development process focuses on maximizing usability and the user's experience, in order to make the interaction for users easy, flexible and efficient. In this paper, we propose an approach for evaluating the usability satisfaction degree of a web-based system. The proposed method has been accomplished in two phases and implemented on an airlines website as a case study. In the first phase, a website usability test is implemented by a number of users, and then the results obtained are translated into charts for a final web-based system evaluation in the second phase. The results achieved were satisfactory, since the places where the weaknesses and gaps in the website are identified and recommended solutions to avoid them are drawn. The authenticity of the results have been confirmed by comparing them with user opinions acquired from a questionnaire, which proves the precision in which the website is rated.

This paper describes the role of standards-based and open source file formats and tools in representing and interacting with small datasets. The example used is a database of Roman amphitheaters that is based on the GeoJSON variant of JSON, both of which formats are briefly defined and explained by example. It is stressed that the code sharing site GitHub can map the spatial information in GeoJSON files by default. Next, a series of iPython notebooks-all of which can be run interactively or downloaded for further developemnt-show the implementation of a lightweight interface for exploring amphitheater seating capacity. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes that using existing tools can make it easier to maintain focus on the intellectual content of a dataset.

A comprehensive set of Guidelines to FAIRify data management and make data reusable is focusing on the topic of common policies. This compact guide offers twenty guidelines to align the efforts of data producers, data archivists and data users in humanities and social sciences to make research data as reusable as possible based upon the FAIR Principles. Each guideline has recommendations for both researchers and archives as it is recognised that different priorities may apply to each case.

The guidelines result from the work of over fifty PARTHENOS, ARIADNEplus and SEADDA project members. They were responsible for investigating commonalities in the implementation of policies and strategies for research data management and used results from desk research, questionnaires and interviews with selected experts to gather around one hundred current data management policies (including guides for preferred formats, data review policies and best practices, both formal as well as tacit).

Wikibase is the software that enables MediaWiki to store structured data or access data that is stored in a structured data repository in RDF format. Since 2012, it has been used to establish Wikidata as a high-scale knowledge graph and has consequently benefited from several improvements allowing automatic ontology validation as well as a flexible and real-time information retrieval and tracking using a SPARQL endpoint. In this presentation, we propose a roadmap to use Wikibase as a software for data management in various contexts including industry and e-health. Thanks to its flexibility, Wikibase can be used to track in real time the actions of employees and employers in enterprises and identify critical inconsistencies.

Nowadays, Information Retrieval (IR) is becoming more popular technique due to the tremendous growth of resources on the internet. However, the present information retrieval techniques have several limitations such as lack of semantic keyword, more time consumption and vague user's query, etc. To mitigate these issues, this paper proposed a novel Information Retrieval (IR) framework to achieve effective data access which is available in online. The proposed IR system includes five major steps, at first the documents which are shared as the resources are pre-processed, and domain analysis is made to find the category of the document. Secondly, the keywords are extracted using semantic keyword extraction and indexing, and impact score estimation is obtained to determine the importance of the keyword in each document. Thirdly, the document similarity is estimated using novel similarity estimation algorithm for clustering the documents based on the attained score. Fourth, the documents are ranked based on the similarity score and the impact score of the keywords in the query. Finally, the user needs to register their personal information based on the novel privacy preservation algorithm to maintain the privacy of the querying users. The simulation results of proposed framework achieved significant improvement than existing approaches in terms of average precision, recall, mean average precision and execution time.

Katedra informačního a znalostního inženýrství CSS/JS knihovna pro zjednodušení vývoje grafického rozhraní webových stránek BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE ve studijním programu Aplikovaná informatika Autor: Martin Škára Vedoucí: Ing. et Ing. Stanislav Vojíř, Ph.D. Praha, duben 2018 Poděkování Chtěl bych poděkovat vedoucímu práce Ing. Et Ing. Stanislavovi Vojířovi, Ph. D. za odbornou konzultační činnost při tvorbě práce. Dále bych chtěl poděkovat i kolegům z firmy Appio za cenné poznatky při tvorbě praktické části práce. Abstrakt Jednou z částí vývoje, kterou musí projít každá webová stránka, je tvorba grafického rozhraní. Jelikož ale na stránkách můžeme často najít společné prvky či styly, vytvářet tak vše stále znovu by bylo velmi časově náročné a tudíž kontraproduktivní. I proto vznikají znovupoužitelné knihovny, které vývoj grafického rozhraní zjednodušují a definují vzhled a chování často užívaných prvků stránky. Vývojář tak může přemýšlet nad tím, kterou z těchto knihoven zvolit, či zda případně vyvinout nástroj vlastní, který bude plně vyhovovat jeho požadavkům. Hlavním cílem práce je vývoj vlastní knihovny zjednodušující vývoj grafického rozhraní obsahující grid systém, pomocné třídy a znovupoužitelné komponenty. Samotná knihovna byla vyvíjena v CSS preprocesoru SASS a javascriptové knihovně jQuery. Práce popisuje jak samotný vývoj knihovny, tak i použité technologie, analýzu existujících řešení pro tvorbu grafického rozhraní webových stránek, vytvoření komplexních příkladů demonstrující možnosti knihovny, vytvoření dokumentace a publikování knihovny.

Linked Data approach represents an interesting and promising phenomenon of the world of information technologies. Its benefits consist in openness, independence, stability of identifiers and high-level standardization. But its main advantage is the opportunity to interconnect data objects with other data objects entities in the Linked Data cloud. These connections can be based on hierarchical relations (subsumption), identity or similarity, topological or mereological (part-whole) properties. This paper wants to introduce and to describe the main resources providing so-called Linked Geo-Data (Linked Data on the geographical domain). They include specific geographical resources such as GeoNames.org or LinkedGeoData as well as general resources such as DBpedia, Wikidata or AGROVOC. Besides the short description of each selected resource, there is also a comparison of important properties of Linked Data resources such as export formats, implemented standards or links to other resources. Test of particular data object is realized on the data set of selected world countries. The results of this paper could be useful for any user dealing with geographical data. He or she will be able to find relevant data sets in the Linked Data cloud (data with spatial entities, statistical data, etc.). Afterwards such user can produce new derived data for future analyses. This approach profits from the important benefits of Linked Data – data are stored and maintained by a real producer (owner) and users just work with interconnected data object from various resources.

Introdução: As denominadas Linguagens de Marcação sempre tiveram relação direta com as práticas profissionais identificadas no campo da Ciência da informação, a partir do desenvolvimento do ambiente Web tais tecnologias ganharam maior destaque, impulsionado a criação de uma grande variedade de aplicações com diferentes características e propósitos. Objetivo: Apresentar um compêndio da evolução das linguagens de marcação, analisando tais tecnologias sob o enfoque da área de Ciência da Informação e descrever os conceitos e características das principais linguagens utilizadas na área. Metodologia: Revisão de literatura sobre evolução das linguagens de marcação, sob a perspectiva da Ciência da informação, abordagem qualitativa de natureza aplicada. Resultados: O artigo apresenta uma breve revisão sobre a evolução das linguagens de marcação, contribuindo para uma maior discussão desta temática na área de Ciência da Informação, no intuito de favorecer uma melhor compreensão de tais tecnologias, seus reflexos e aplicações na área de Ciência da Informação. Conclusão: Constatou-se que atualmente a linguagem XML apresenta um maior número de aplicações no cotidiano dos profissionais da informação, impulsionando grandes avanços para a área, contudo, RDF ainda é pouco explorada, evidenciando a necessidade de um melhor entendimento da evolução das linguagens de marcação e dos conceitos subjacentes, de modo que tais avanços tecnológicos não sejam desenvolvidos a partir de um ‘vazio conceitual’, com o único objetivo de atender demandas de mercado, e possam ser devidamente sedimentados no campo teórico.

A enorme quantidade de dados disponível na Web, fenômeno conhecido como sobrecarga de informação, cria uma demanda por aplicações que possam selecionar, de maneira automatizada, itens relevantes para os usuários. Para responder a essa demanda, os sistemas de recomendação utilizam algoritmos de filtragem de informação para suprir as necessidades de informação a longo prazo dos usuários. Entretanto, a falta de estruturação semântica dos dados disponíveis na Web compromete seriamente a eficiência de tais algoritmos. A Web Semântica apresenta-se como uma solução viável para este problema, visando estruturar a informação na Web de modo que esta possa ser compreendida e processada pelas entidades de software. É neste contexto que o InfoNorma, um sistema multiagente de recomendações para a área jurídica que se utiliza de tecnologias da Web Semântica, foi desenvolvido. A utilização de uma fonte baseada na Web tradicional acarretou em muitas dificuldades relativas ao processamento da fonte de informação. Tais dificuldades foram superadas graças ao uso de tecnologias da Web Semântica. Este artigo apresenta o InfoNorma e como o uso das tecnologias da Web Semântica contribuiu para a melhora da efetividade do sistema no acesso à informação.

These reflections were inspired by a Buffalo lecture given by Elizabeth Anscombe in which she made some remarkable statements about what she called ‘paradoxes’. When pressed for a definition she said that a paradox is a proposition that is true if it is false and false if it is true. When a listener said that there are no such things, she suggested that he read Tarski’s truth-definition paper.

  Recent philosophical literature discusses “self-refuting propositions” and “self-sustaining propositions”. By one definition, a proposition “whose truth implies its falsity” is self-refuting; one “whose falsity implies its truth” is self-sustaining. Perhaps unsurprisingly, both proposition classes seem empty.

The process of implementation of the INSPIRE Directive is a little bit different for each theme, but the main operations of the implementation is essentially the same for various themes. The practical and current sample of the whole process of the implementation, from preparation to the publication, is shown on the example of implementing the theme Buildings (BU) from Anex II of the Directive. At the beginning of the whole process of preparations stands analysis of the Data Specifications. The most important part of work is designing data transformation from source database systems (Information system of cadastre of real estates and Information system of territorial identification) to Publication database and then transformation from Publication database to GML structure according to INSPIRE XSD schemas. Of course, the whole process encounters a few complications. The fact, that data comes from two sources, is the main complication. A clear advantage is that the data contains more information. But it may happen that the same information comes from both sources and each value is different. In this case it is needed to systematically decide which source has teh priority. The preparation of data tansformation is associated with creating sample GML files. After the whole process, harmonised data are distributed via INSPIRE network services which are, as well as the data fitted with metadata. ÚVOD Implementace směrnice INSPIRE bezesporu patří mezi největší současné výzvy v geoinformatice. Přestože je postupně implementována již od roku 2009, kdy byla transponována do legislativy České republiky předpisem číslo 380/2009 Sb., který novelizuje zákon č.123/1998 Sb., o právu na informace o životním prostředí a zákon číslo 200/1994 Sb., o zeměměřictví. Implementace směrnice je prováděna po jednotlivých tématech, která mají svého gestora – organizaci, která se zabývá koordinací prací při implementaci. Zatímco některá témata jsou již naimplementovaná a jiná jsou uprostřed procesu, k mnoha tématům ještě nebyl přiřazen žádný gestor. Z těchto důvodů je důležité sdílet informace o průběhu implementace. Problémy vznikající v procesu implementace se mezi jednotlivými tématy nebudou zpravidla zásadně lišit. Sekcí centrální databáze byly zpracovány již tři témata prostorových dat: Parcely (CP), Adresy (AD) a Územní správní jednotky (AU). Zeměměřický úřad zpracoval, zpracovává nebo spolupracuje na přípravě data služeb témat Souřadnicové referenční systémy, Zeměpisné soustavy souřadnicových sítí, Zeměpisná jména (GN),

This paper presents a sociocultural knowledge ontology (OntoSOC) modeling approach. Onto-SOC modeling approach is based on Engeström‟s Human Activity Theory (HAT). That Theory allowed us to identify fundamental concepts and relationships between them. The top-down precess has been used to define differents sub-concepts. The modeled vocabulary permits us to organise data, to facilitate informa-tion retrieval by introducing a semantic layer in social web platform architecture, we project to implement. This platform can be considered as a « collective memory » and Participative and Distributed Information System (PDIS) which will allow Cameroonian communities to share an co-construct knowledge on perma-nent organized activities.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to encourage librarians to become involved in the development of emerging technology standards. Design/methodology/approach -Large amounts of data are accumulating, both in corporations and on the web. New methods of structured information retrieval are under development to help manage and access this information. Librarians, preoccupied with changes internal to the institution of the library, have not been active participants in this process, although they have much needed expertise in this area. Several important standards bodies are profiled. Findings -While the web continues to be a public information space, its guardians will need to concern themselves with some of the same issues with which libraries and librarians always have been concerned. If librarians want to have a say in how the web develops, they will need to learn to speak the same language as those who currently determine the policy and direction of the web. Originality/value -It will be useful for understanding current trends in structured information. Several pointers to continued research are indicated.