Semantic Web Service Discovery

Digital library is a collection of electronic objects. Information retrieval is a part of digital library system. Digital library can be developed through open source software and tools. Institutional digital repository is also an important field in present and next generation automated and digital library system. Now, this paper is present how to import metadata formats from different database by EPrints for the development of institutional digital repository. There are different types of metadata formats available in open source environment but this paper is shows some high and matured level software for development and designing this integrated framework. However, in this section has a show how to data import from Koha, Emerald, D-Space, and Vu-Find for the better management of digital information services among the users as well as library professionals.

—Service-based architecture (SOA) are extensively adopted in web applications. In this scenario, REST-based web services has become a large adopted standard. The addition of semantics enhances the web services description, which enables automatic agents to discover them and to make calls. However, the existence of many different languages to semantically describe services makes it difficult to discover and to select the service that best attends a requirement. Furthermore, most of these languages does not attend to describe RESTful services, making the discover process even more difficult. This work proposes a RESTful semantic web service discovery architecture based on semantic interfaces (SERIN). SERIN intends to semantically described RESTful web services through an annotated ontology. We present a study showing that is possible to adopt the proposed architecture to implement a semantic service-based application, with minimum development effort, that enables software agents to automatically discover and to make service calls in order to execute a determined task.

Web services have been recognized to have the potential to revolutionize ecommerce. The potential for businesses to be able to interact with each other on the fly is very appealing. To date, however, the activity of creating Web processes using Web services has been handled mostly at the syntactic level. Current composition standards focus on building the processes based on the interface description of the participating services. The limitation of such a rigid approach is that it does not allow businesses to dynamically change partners and services. We enhance the current Web process composition techniques by using Semantic Process Templates to capture the semantic requirements of the process. The semantic process templates can act as configurable modules for common industry processes maintaining the semantics of the participating activities, control flow, intermediate calculations, conditional branches and exposing it in an industry accepted interface. The templates are instantiated to form executable processes according to the semantics of the activities in the templates. The use of ontologies in template definition allows much richer description of activity requirements and more effective way of locating services to carry out the activities in the executable Web process. During discovery of services, we consider not only functionality, but also the QoS of the corresponding activities. Our unique approach combines the expressive power of the present Web service composition standards and the advantages of the semantic Web techniques for process template definition and Web service discovery. The prototype implementation of the framework for building the templates, carrying out semantic Web service discovery and generating the processes is discussed.

SA-REST, the W3C member submission, can be used for supporting a wide variety of Plain Old Semantic HTML (POSH) annotation capabilities on any type of Web resource. Kino framework and tools provide support of capabilities to realize SA-REST"s promised value. These tools include (a) a browser-plugin to support annotation of a Web resource (including services) with respect to an ontology, domain model or vocabulary, (b) an annotation aware indexing engine and (c) faceted search and selection of the Web resources. At one end of the spectrum, we present Kino E (aka Kino for Enterprise) which uses NCBO formal ontologies and associated services for searching ontologies and mappings, for annotating RESTful services and Web APIs, which are then used to support faceted search. At another end of the spectrum, we present Kino W (aka Kino for the Web), capable of adding SA-REST or Microdata annotations to Web pages, using Schema.org as a model and Linked Open Data (LOD) as a knowledge base. We also present two use cases based on Kino E and the benefits to data and service integration enabled through this annotation approach.

Service discoverability during the learning stage of an Application Program Interface (API) has a great affect on the productivity of developers and is of great importance to businesses. The adoption of Resource Oriented Architecture (ROA) and Representational State Transfer (REST) Web services/APIs have increased in recent years, mainly because of its perceived ease of use in comparison to the industry standard for Web service: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), also known as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). But difficulty in assembly of service calls presents a usability problem. The difficulty is mainly due to lack of discovery mechanisms and poor documentation, which lead developers to resort to trail and error, that causes a decrease in productivity and increase in cost of service integration to businesses.

In this research we study discovery of REST architectural style from a usability standpoint. We also present an approach for enhancing discoverability using the OPTIONS Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) method. And demonstrate the approach as well as our findings on best practices of REST APIs through the development of a hypermedia driven API prototype. The usability problems and the approach to enhance the discovery problems were validated by case study using Usability Evaluation Method (UEM)s.

Researchers have recognized the need for more expressive descriptions of Web services. Most approaches have suggested using ontologies to either describe the Web services or to annotate syntactical descriptions of Web services. Earlier approaches are typically manual, and capability to support automatic or semi-automatic annotation is needed. The METEOR-S Web Service Annotation Framework (MWSAF) created at the LSDIS Lab at the University of Georgia leverages schema matching techniques for semi-automatic annotation. In this paper, we present an improved version of MWSAF.
Our preliminary investigation indicates that, by replacing the schema matching technique currently used for the categorization with a Naïve Bayesian Classifier, we can match web services with ontologies faster and with higher accuracy.

As the service-oriented computing paradigm and its related technologies mature, it is expected that electronic services will continue to grow in numbers. In such a setting, the course of service discovery could yield many alternative yet heterogeneous services which, by all means, may be of different type and moreover distinguished by their quality characteristics. To come through such situations and ease the task of service selection, service search engines need to be powered by an efficient matchmaking mechanism, which will abstract requesters from service heterogeneity and provide them with the means for choosing the service that best fits their requirements, among a wide set of services with similar functionally. In this paper, we present an efficient service matchmaking algorithm, which facilitates the task of heterogeneous service selection, whilst combining and exploiting the syntactic, semantic, and Quality-of-Service (QoS) properties contained in service advertisements.

A pragmatic and straightforward approach to semantic service discovery is to match inputs and outputs of user requests with the input and output requirements of registered service descriptions. This approach can be extended by using pre-conditions, effects and semantic annotations (meta-data) in an attempt to increase discovery accuracy. While on one hand these additions help improve discovery accuracy, on the other hand complexity is added as service users need to add more information elements to their service requests. In this paper we present an approach that aims at facilitating the representation of service requests by service users, without loss of accuracy. We introduce a Goal-Based Service Framework (GSF) that uses the concept of goal as an abstraction to represent service requests. This paper presents the core concepts and relations of the Goal-Based Service Ontology (GSO), which is a fundamental component of the GSF, and discusses how the framework supports semantic service discovery and composition. GSO provides a set of primitives and relations between goals, tasks and services. These primitives allow a user to represent its goals, and a supporting platform to discover or compose services that fulÀl them.

Advancesintelecommunicationsandinformationtechnology have allowed the proliferation of mobile and multifunctional devices and their incorporation more and more into physical objects, making new in- formation and services available. A consequent problem of this new sce- nario is information overload, i.e. users face vast and distributed informa- tion sources, and have difficulty in selecting those that satisfy their needs and interests. To help users, recommender systems can be applied. More- over, context-aware systems may collaborate with recommender system, improving recommendations, thus benefiting users with more personali- zed and contextual results. This work explores the synergy between re- commender systems and context-aware computing, describing the devel- opment of COReS (Context-aware, Ontology-based Recommender sys- tem for Service recommendation). This recommender system broadens the capabilities of the Infraware context-aware platform, by making ser- vice offer more efficient, personalized and proactive.

With the increasing growth in popularity of Web services, discovery of relevant Web services becomes a significant challenge. One approach is to develop semantic Web services where by the Web Services are annotated based on shared ontologies, and use these annotations for semantics-based discovery of relevant Web Services. We discuss one such approach that involves adding semantics to WSDL using DAML+OIL ontologies. Our approach also uses UDDI to store these semantic annotations and search for Web services based on them. We compare our approach with another initiative to add semantics to support Web service discovery, and show that our approach may fit current standards-based industry approach better.

World Wide Web has revolutionized the means of data availability, but with its current structure model , it
is becoming increasingly difficult to retrieve relevant information, with reasonable precision and recall,
using the major search engines. However, with use of metadata, combined with the use of improved
searching techniques, helps to enhance relevant information retrieval .The design of structured,
descriptions of Web resources enables greater search precision and a more accurate relevance ranking of
retrieved information .One such efforts towards standardization is , Dublin Core standard, which has been
developed as Metadata Standard and also other standards which enhances retrieval of a wide range of
information resources. This paper discuses the importance of metadata, various metadata schemas and
elements, and the need of standardization of Metadata. This paper further discusses how the metadata can
be generated using various tools which assist intelligent agents for efficient retrieval.

Advances in telecommunications and information technology have allowed the proliferation of mobile and multifunctional devices and their incorporation more and more into physical objects, making new information and services available. A consequent problem of this new scenario is information overload, i.e. users face vast and distributed information sources, and have difficulty in selecting those that satisfy their needs and interests. To help users, recommender systems can be applied. Moreover, context-aware systems may collaborate with recommender system, improving recommendations, thus benefiting users with more personalized and contextual results. This work explores the synergy between recommender systems and context-aware computing, describing the development of COReS (Context-aware, Ontology-based Recommender system for Service recommendation). This recommender system broadens the capabilities of the Infraware context-aware platform, by making service offer more efficient, personalized and proactive.

A pragmatic and straightforward approach to semantic service discovery is to match inputs and outputs of user requests with the input and output requirements of registered service descriptions. This approach can be extended by using pre-conditions, effects and semantic annotations (meta-data) in an attempt to increase discovery accuracy. While on one hand these additions help improve discovery accuracy, on the other hand complexity is added as service users need to add more information elements to their service requests. In this paper we present an approach that aims at facilitating the representation of service requests by service users, without loss of accuracy. We introduce a Goal-Based Service Framework (GSF) that uses the concept of goal as an abstraction to represent service requests. This paper presents the core concepts and relations of the Goal-Based Service Ontology (GSO), which is a fundamental component of the GSF, and discusses how the framework supports semantic service discovery and composition. GSO provides a set of primitives and relations between goals, tasks and services. These primitives allow a user to represent its goals, and a supporting platform to discover or compose services that fulÀl them.

Advances in telecommunications and information technology have allowed the proliferation of mobile and multifunctional devices and their incorporation more and more into physical objects, making new information and services available. A consequent problem of this new scenario is information overload, i.e. users face vast and distributed information sources, and have difficulty in selecting those that satisfy their needs and interests. To help users, recommender systems can be applied. Moreover, context-aware systems may collaborate with recommender system, improving recommendations, thus benefiting users with more personalized and contextual results. This work explores the synergy between recommender systems and context-aware computing, describing the development of COReS (Context-aware, Ontology-based Recommender system for Service recommendation). This recommender system broadens the capabilities of the Infraware context-aware platform, by making service offer more efficient, personalized and proactive.

Web services are the new paradigm for distributed computing. They have much to offer towards interoperability of applications and integration of large scale distributed systems. To make Web services accessible to users, service providers use Web service registries to publish them. Current infrastructure of registries requires replication of all Web service publications in all Universal Business Registries. Large growth in number of Web services as well as the growth in the number of registries would make this replication impractical. In addition, the current Web service discovery mechanism is inefficient, as it does not support discovery based on the capabilities of the services, leading to a lot of irrelevant matches. Semantic discovery or matching of services is a promising approach to address this challenge. In this paper, we present a scalable, high performance environment for Web service publication and discovery among multiple registries. This work uses an ontology-based approach to organize registries into domains, enabling domain based classification of all Web services. Each of these registries supports semantic publication and discovery of Web services. We believe that the semantic approach suggested in this paper will significantly improve Web service publication and discovery involving a large number of registries. This paper describes the implementation and architecture of the METEOR-S Web Service Discovery Infrastructure, which leverages peer-to-peer computing as a scalable solution.

Web services are the new paradigm for distributed computing. They have much to offer towards interoperability of applications and integration of large scale distributed systems. To make Web services accessible to users, service providers use Web service registries to publish them. Current infrastructure of registries requires replication of all Web service publications in all Universal Business Registries (UBR) which provide text and taxonomy based search capabilities. Large growth in number of Web services as well as the growth in the number of registries would make this replication impractical. In addition, the current Web service discovery mechanism is inefficient, as it does not support discovery based on the capability of the services and thus leading to a lot of irrelevant matches. Semantic discovery or matching of services is a promising approach to address this challenge. In this paper, we present a scalable, high performance environment for federated Web service publication and discovery among multiple registries. This work uses an ontology-based approach to organize registries, enabling semantic classification of all Web services based on domains. Each of these registries supports semantic publication of the Web services, which is used during discovery process. We have implemented two algorithms each for semantic publication and one algorithm for semantic discovery of Web services. We believe that the semantic approach suggested in this paper will significantly improve Web services publication and discovery involving a large number of registries. As a part of the METEOR-S project, we have leveraged the peer-to-peer networking as a scalable infrastructure for registries that can support automated and semi-automated Web service publication and discovery.

As the service-oriented computing paradigm and its related technologies mature, it is expected that electronic services will continue to grow in numbers. In such a setting, the course of service discovery could yield many alternative yet heterogeneous services which, by all means, may be of different type and moreover distinguished by their quality characteristics. To come through such situations and ease the task of service selection, service search engines need to be powered by an efficient matchmaking mechanism, which will abstract requesters from service heterogeneity and provide them with the means for choosing the service that best fits their requirements, among a wide set of services with similar functionally. In this paper, we present an efficient service matchmaking algorithm, which facilitates the task of heterogeneous service selection, whilst combining and exploiting the syntactic, semantic, and Quality-of-Service (QoS) properties contained in service advertisements.

In this paper, a Semantic Web service matchmaker called UltiMatch-NL is presented. UltiMatch-NL applies two filters namely Signature-based and Description-based on different abstraction levels of a service profile to achieve more accurate results. More specifically, the proposed filters rely on semantic knowledge to extract the similarity between a given pair of service descriptions. Thus it is a further step towards fully automated Web service discovery via making this process more semanticaware. In addition, a new technique is proposed to weight and combine the results of different filters of UltiMatch-NL, automatically. Moreover, an innovative approach is introduced to predict the relevance of requests and Web services and eliminate the need for setting a threshold value of similarity. In order to evaluate UltiMatch-NL, the repository of OWLS-TC is used. The performance evaluation based on standard measures from the information retrieval field shows that semantic matching of OWL-S services can be significantly improved by incorporating designed matching filters.

Electronic information is becoming increasingly rich in content and varied in format and style while at the same time client devices are getting increasingly varied in their capabilities. This mismatch between rich contents and the end devices capability presents a challenge in providing seamless and ubiquitous access to electronic documents to interested users. Service-oriented content adaptation has emerged as a potential solution to the content-device mismatch problem. Since an adaptation task can potentially be performed by multiple content adaptation services (CAS), an approach for CAS discovery is a fundamental component of service-oriented content adaptation environment. In this paper, we propose a service discovery approach that considers the client device capability and the service's attributes to discover appropriate CAS while optimizing performance and functionality. The efficiency of the proposed CAS discovery protocol is studied experimentally. The results show that the proposed discovery approach is effective in terms of discovering appropriate content adaptation services.

SA-REST, the W3C member submission, can be used for supporting a wide variety of Plain Old Semantic HTML (POSH) annotation capabilities on any type of Web resource. Kino framework and tools provide support of capabilities to realize SA-RESTs promised value. These tools include (a) a browser-plugin to support annotation of a Web resource (including services) with respect to an ontology, domain model or vocabulary, (b) an annotation aware indexing engine and (c) faceted search and selection of the Web resources. At one end of the spectrum, we present Kino E(aka Kino for Enterprise) which uses NCBO formal ontologies and associated services for searching ontologies and mappings, for annotating RESTful services and Web APIs, which are then used to support faceted search. At another end of the spectrum, we present KinoW (aka Kino for the Web), capable of adding SA-REST or Microdata annotations to Web pages, using Schema.org as a model and Linked Open Data (LOD) as a knowledge base. We also present two use cases based on KinoE and the benefits to data and service integration enabled through this annotation approach.

Abstract. This work approaches the problem of discovering atomic web services that will realize complex business processes in an adaptive in-formation system. It is proposed a model for semantic description of web services and user profile and the design of a semantic recommender ...

Web services are the new paradigm for distributed computing. They have much to offer towards interoperability of applications and integration of large scale distributed systems. To make Web services accessible to users, service providers use Web service registries to publish them. Current infrastructure of registries requires replication of all Web service publications in all Universal Business Registries (UBR) which provide text and taxonomy based search capabilities. Large growth in number of Web services as well as the growth in the number of registries would make this replication impractical. In addition, the current Web service discovery mechanism is inefficient, as it does not support discovery based on the capability of the services and thus leading to a lot of irrelevant matches. Semantic discovery or matching of services is a promising approach to address this challenge. In this paper, we present a scalable, high performance environment for federated Web service publication and discovery among multiple registries. This work uses an ontology-based approach to organize registries, enabling semantic classification of all Web services based on domains. Each of these registries supports semantic publication of the Web services, which is used during discovery process. We have implemented two algorithms each for semantic publication and one algorithm for semantic discovery of Web services. We believe that the semantic approach suggested in this paper will significantly improve Web services publication and discovery involving a large number of registries. As a part of the METEOR-S project, we have leveraged the peer-to-peer networking as a scalable infrastructure for registries that can support automated and semi-automated Web service publication and discovery.