Roman Fish Sauce Trade

Hispania and the Mediterranean: 3rd to mid 6th centuries 3.1. The 3rd century: a world in transition 3.2. The 4th century: Hispania, north Africa and the East 3.3. 5th century deposits in the West and exports from the East 3.3.1. The late 4th century to 425/45084 3.3.2. The barbarian kingdoms: early and mid Vandal period exports 3.4. The late 5th to mid 6th centuries: late Vandal and eastern Mediterranean trade 3.4.1. General distribution in the western Mediterranean and Atlantic 3.4.2. The end of Spanish, Portuguese and Balearic amphora exports v 3.5. The mid 6th century Benalúa deposit (Alicante) 4. Later 6th and 7th century trade: fragmentation and regionalisation 4.1. The Byzantine 'reconquest' of southern Spain 4.1.1. Byzantine Hispania, Carthage and the Balearics 4.1.2. General trends in the western Mediterranean 4.2. The second half of the 7th century

"This paper examines a group of workshops revealed by clearance excavations in the 1920s-1940s at the Roman city of Sabratha in Libya. The excavations of the domestic and commercial quarters around the forum were never published, but among the remains still visible at the site are at least 18 workshops characterised by groups of 2, 3 or 4 vats whose size and arrangement closely recalls those at known fish-salting factories along the Tunisian coast. It is proposed that the workshops at Sabratha are also for salting fish, or for garum production, or both. The workshops have surprisingly little space for preparation or other activities, and in this respect are closer to the small fish-salting workshops recently discovered at Pompeii than to the large factories of the Straits of Gibraltar.
This paper presents the evidence for the workshops, and discusses the reasons for their interpretation as fish-salting establishments, and their possible date. Some reflections are offered on the possible capacities of the workshops, and the nature of their products. The wider significance of the Sabratha fish-salting establishments is that, like the larger workshops of Baelo Claudia, Pompeii, Tyritake and Chersonesos, they provide further evidence for urban-based production of salted fish products."

This text consists in the study of the Roman amphorae
recovered in the archaeological excavations accomplished
in the Roman theatre of Lisbon in the 2001, 2005
and 2006 campaigns. It is a relatively wide and typologically
diversified set, collected in archaeological contexts
related with the construction and remodelling of the theatre.
These containers testify, in Olisipo, the importation of
alimentary products from several places of the empire from
the middle of the 2nd century B.C. to the third quarter of
the 1st century A.D., representing important indicators for
the study of the commercial dynamics of Olisipo.

Az úgynevezett "mediterrán hármasság" (búza, olíva, szőlő) mellett -- a régészeti leletek tanúsága szerint -- negyedikként a halszósz volt a leggyakrabban fogyasztott táplálék a Római Birodalom Földközi-tenger melléki tartományaiban. A kereskedelem révén azonban másutt is elterjedt a garum (ill. annak sokféle változata), amelynek előállításához nagy mennyiségű halra és sóra volt szükség.

The development of the studies about the production and commerce of fish-sauces in Portugal took place, essentially, in the 1990s, a consequence of the large number of archaeological interventions in coastal areas resulted of the exponential urban growth. There is a big concentration of tanks (cetariae) and other roman fishery structures, both in the estuaries of the Tagus and Sado rivers as in the south coast of the Algarve. But, throughout the Algarve coast does not exists one of these archaeological sites fully excavated, and, the more recent discoveries (of2010) were of sporadic preventive archeological works. This study updates the knowledge of the cetariae of the region, in particular about types, quantity, architecture, location, integration in a territory, state of conservation, estimating, for the cases of complete tanks, the productive capacities.

Key words: fish-sauces; cetariae; roman Algarve; Boca do Rio; productive frame;

O espaço da antiga Alcáçova Islâmica do Castelo de Lisboa tem fornecido dados de extrema importância
para o conhecimento dos momentos mais recuados da presença romana no Vale do Tejo. Nesse
âmbito, têm‑se
destacado os estudos sobre os contentores anfóricos. Neste artigo apresenta‑se
a análise
das ânforas romanas provenientes de duas intervenções arqueológicas realizadas naquela área da cidade:
o Largo de Santa Cruz do Castelo e o Pátio José Pedreira. Com o estudo destes dois conjuntos anfóricos,
procura‑se
reajustar e afinar o perfil de importação e consumo de géneros alimentares transportados em
ânforas estabelecido para o alto do Morro do Castelo. Os dados destas amostras aportam algumas novidades
importantes, de que se destaca a documentação da importação de vinho proveniente do Mediterrâneo
oriental.

Patrocinio Angela Pontrandolfo, Michele Scafuro (a cura di), Atti del I Convegno Internazionale di Studi ISBN 978-88-87744-76-7 (cinque tomi indivisibili) © Copyright 2017 -Fondazione Paestum -Pandemos s.r.l. Proprietà letteraria riservata Con il supporto economico di C O PI A A U TO R E. VI ET A TA LA D IF FU SI O N E. Paestum, 7-9 settembre 2016 a cura di Angela Pontrandolfo, Michele Scafuro del I Convegno Internazionale di Studi ATTI FONDAZIONE PAESTUM

En este trabajo presentamos, de manera resumida y en forma de noticia, el hallazgo de un nuevo sector de las factorías de salazones romanas de Septem Fratres. Este descubrimiento tuvo lugar en fechas muy recientes, durante las labores de vigilancia arqueológica en las obras de renovación de las redes de agua pluviales y saneamiento de los tramos 1 y 3 de la calle Jáudenes, llevadas a cabo por la empresa municipal ACEMSA. Los niveles y estructuras relacionadas con esta nueva cetaria se localizaron en el tramo 3, comprendido entre la calle Dos de Mayo al este; y O´Donnell, al oeste. Este hallazgo  consiste en una triple hilera de piletas, en el lado occidental, de las que tan sólo hemos podido identificar las tres más meridionales. Contigua a este grupo de piletas, y sobre su flanco oriental, hemos localizado una amplia estancia con suelo de opus signinum.  Sobre este suelo se ha documentado un potente nivel de incendio y adobes que relacionamos con la ocupación vándala de Septem a finales del primer cuarto del siglo V d.C. A esta misma cronología pertenecen los niveles de colmatación intencionada de la única pileta que ha podido ser excavada (PI-301). Estos niveles sirvieron de asiento a una serie de estructuras murarias fechadas en la segunda mitad del siglo V d.C.
Respecto al momento de construcción de la cetaria hallada en el extremo occidental de la calle Jáudenes, el material recuperado en la fosa de cimentación del muro que delimita al sur el conjunto haliéutico permite proponer una cronología de mediados del siglo I d.C.
Por último cabe mencionar en este resumen la presencia de niveles del siglo III d.C., al este de la cetaria altoimperial. La presencia de estos niveles, sumado a otros datos recopilados durante esta intervención arqueológica, permiten redibujar la topografía de las caetariae de Septem Fratres.

espanolLa costa suratlantica de la Peninsula Iberica posee un importante legado romano que incluye numerosos talleres halieuticos, con una actividad que se desarrollo durante casi un milenio (siglo I a.C.-siglo VII d.C.). Sin embargo, se precisan nuevas investigaciones que determinen el contexto geologico en el que se desarrollaron, su evolucion paleoambiental, sus principales objetivos economicos y los subproductos derivados de sus actividades. Este trabajo se centra en la geologia, datacion y registro arqueologico de La Cascajera, un nuevo yacimiento localizado en el estuario de los rios Tinto y Odiel (S.O. de Espana). Esta nueva cetaria ocupaba el extremo noroccidental de la cresta de La Cascajera (Isla de Saltes), constituida por depositos bioclasticos arenosos de abanicos de derrame previos (siglos I-II d.C.). Durante su principal periodo de actividad (mitad del siglo IV d.C.-siglo V d.C.), la existencia de una cierta tipologia de anforas asi como la existencia de un conchero f...

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estado de la cuestión de las cetariae de Gades, procediendo a la revisión de los contextos ya excavados vinculados a factorías de salazón romanas en esta ciudad que hasta ahora se encontraban faltos de una revisión crítica global. Los resultados puestos de manifiesto a partir de este estudio arrojan nuevos datos sobre la distribución de esta industria en Gades, permitiendo replantear la idea tradicional existente de la ubicación de esta producción, que a partir de este estudio se nos presenta más concentrada y reducida a un ámbito específico del norte de la ciudad, en torno al denominado canal Bahía-Caleta o Canal de Ponce.

In an Empire as big as that of Rome, one of the elements that speaks most strongly about its relatively high level of integration was the commerce that took place along its different shores. However, merchants faced the experience of legal pluralism and conflicting legal regimes when they traded over huge distances. As part of a transnational and practical tradition, long-distance commercial relationships relied partly on abstract systems of trust, which provided certainty to commercial relations when the institutional framework was inefficient. Ancient Rome saw the proliferation of such abstract systems-money, standardized measurement, law, technology, and so forth-that profoundly affected people's lives from the most public settings to the most intimate. However, the imperfect communication or lack of contract enforcement pondered by Roman authorities should not be seen as a structural deficit but as an opportunity, which enabled merchants to enforce their interests and shape their strategies. 3. Aim (describe what the students will gain from the course) The course provides a multidisciplinary approach to the history of Roman trade. Its main purpose is to chart and analyse the Roman trading experience during this period through close study of material evidence and juristic literature. Rather than providing a narrative of the development of trade as part of Roman history writ large, this work explores how commercial procedures were performed when distributing goods, how these procedures were reflected in the merchandise, and what that tells us about law and its interaction with the daily practices used in trade. Students will see that the development of Roman trade was deeply interwoven with the current legal, cultural and spatial spheres involved in commercial contexts. The multifaced approach to the history of trade and the economy facilitates our understanding of the institutional and practical strategies of the individuals involved in commerce and the possible implications of their performances in the economy. 4. Content (topics and themes covered) The class surveys the archaeology of Aegean prehistory, Classical and Hellenistic period through frontal lectures and group discussions.

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del estudio arqueomalacológico de una intervención arqueológica
realizada en el Parque de las Acacias de Algeciras (provincia de Cádiz, España) durante el año 2015, la cual permitió
exhumar parte de una de las fábricas de salazón del barrio industrial de Iulia Traducta, con contextos diversos datados entre
momentos avanzados del s. II y el s. V d.C., bien fechados estratigráficamente, y con un amplio registro cerámico y
numismático. Entre los diversos taxones de bivalvos y gasterópodos marinos destaca la elevada presencia de “corrucos”
(Acanthocardia tuberculata), un tipo de bivalvo de gran tamaño que cuenta con un sistema de extracción singular,
caracterizado por una perforación en una de las valvas. Abundan las ostras (Ostrea edulis), algunas procedentes de viveros, y
los patélidos; y se ha documentado un posible buccinum realizado sobre una caracola con el ápice intencionalmente
fracturado (Charonia lampas). El principal interés de este trabajo radica en comprobar la evolución de la explotación de los
recursos malacológicos en un área de producción especializada en la economía marítima durante un período prolongado, y la
confirmación del empleo de estos alimentos en la fabricación de conservas marinas, ya que se trata de restos desechados en
estratos deposicionales en estas fábricas de producción pesquero-conservera, sumándose a los hallazgos ya conocidos de las
cercanas cetariae de la calle San Nicolás de Algeciras.

O sítio da Boca do Rio é bem conhecido desde que o tsunami de 1755 colocou à vista, até hoje, as suas ruínas romanas. Cento e vinte anos depois iniciam-se um conjunto de campanhas arqueo-lógicas, suscitadas, em grande parte, pela tentativa de resgatar da destruição pela ação marí-tima os bem conservados testemunhos da presença romana. Este artigo, apresentado nos Encon-tros de Arqueologia do Algarve de 2011, do qual nunca saíram atas, dá sobretudo conta de mais uma dessas campanhas com vista a salvar um mosaico do sítio, permitindo esta intervenção conhecer um pouco mais desta notável estação arqueológica e de propor uma interpretação do sítio no que concerne à sua organização funcional e à sua classificação como villa marítima de vocação produtiva, cujo " fundus " era o mar e a pars frumentaria as officinae salsamentariae. The archaeological site of Boca do Rio is well known since the 1755 tsunami put in sight its Roman ruins. 120 years later began a set of archaeological campaigns, raised in large part by trying to rescue from destruction by maritime action the well preserved remains of Roman presence. This article gives another account of these particular campaigns in order to rescue a mosaic of the site. This campaign also enabled to see some more of this remarkable archaeological station and to propose an interpretation of the site with regard to their functional organization and its classification as a productive maritime villa, whose " fundus " was the sea and the officinae sal-samentariae the pars frumentaria.

The analysis of the presence of fish amphorae in the territory of Mutina provides a picture revealing, especially for the late Augustan Age and the 1st century AD, a generalized consumption of fish-based products, with importation from Baetica (Dressel 7-11, Dressel 12 and Beltrán II containers), which was joined by small Adriatic amphorae to transport fish sauces which were probably produced along the Adriatic coast.
In particular, the Baetican amphorae found during the excavation at Novi Sad Park, the reachest and most interesting archaeological context, amount to about the 8%, outlining a situation which can be quantitatively compared only to that of Parma, in the same region, and to that of Verona, in the Venetia region. Some of these containers bear painted inscriptions, which mention in the possessive case the Quinti Caecilii, whose function in unclear. They could be indeed the producers of fish sauces or the mercatores in charge of the trading of the containers. Regarding Spanish fish foodstuffs import in Mutina, it is probable that they arrived at an Adriatic port, perhaps Ravenna or another harbour in the Po river delta, and were then carried along the Padan road system and its related waterway system.

ABSTRACT

The present work publishes for the first time the results of an experimental process carried out in cooperation between the Universities of Cádiz and Seville. This process, involving the participation of archaeologists and experts in biochemistry, has been effected in the chemical engineering department of the University of Cádiz and has focused on the characterisation and reproduction of the famous Graeco-Roman salted fish sauce known as garum (liquamen), of a solid by-product of this sauce (hallec) and of a secondary, lesser quality, sauce known in Latin as muria. The philological analysis of ancient recipes (confectio gari) and the analysis of the residues collected in the so-called bottega or Garum Shop, in Pompeii, have permitted their artisanal reproduction in the laboratory. The physical aspect and alimentary features of these products coincide with those described in the ancient sources and with the organic residues under analysis.

KEYWORDS: GARUM, LIQUAMEN, MURIA, POMPEII, EXPERIMENTAL PROCESS, FABRICATION OF GARUM

Sobre la pesca y la recolección de moluscos así como su consumo en la protohistoria menorquina con algunas consideraciones sobre representaciones náuticas, fabricación de tejidos y cuerdas, telares y pesas de telar e importación de productos marinos envasados en ánforas.

Darío Bernal Casasola, Enrique García Vargas, José Manuel Vargas Girón, María Ángeles Pascual Sánchez, Alejandro González Blas (2019), en : D. Bernal Casasola, José Manuel Vargas Girón y Macarena Lara Medina, eds. (2019): 7 metros de la Historia de Cádiz. Arqueología en El Olivillo y en el Colegio Mayor Universitario. Editorial Universidad de Cádiz: 493-498.

Taking Manilius’ description of the processing of fish in Astronomica 5.656–81 as its starting point this paper examines the relationship of fish salting to other aspects of the exploitation of the marine ecosystems in particular the exploitation of coastal salt lagoons.

Despite the paucity of evidence for salterns dated to the Roman period several can be associated with fish salting installations, for example, at O Areal (Vigo, Galicia) and Punta de l’Arenal (Javea, Alicante). The paper concludes by considering epigraphic evidence for connections between the personnel involved in the catching and sale of fish, and the provision of raw materials.

Resume in Portuguese and English of the Lecture that Ismael Estevens Medeiros and João Pedro Bernardes will do to Algarve Archaelogical Association on next December 1st.

This talk is part of the activity of the association.

Local and starting time will be determined soon ...

Resumo em Português e Inglês da palestra que Ismael Estevens Medeiros e João Pedro Bernardes irão dar à Associação Arqueológica do Algarve no próximo dia 1 de Dezembro.

Esta ação insere-se na atividade daquela associação.

Local, horário e pormenores serão divulgados em breve ...

Publicación que analiza los contextos salazoneros de la ciudad romana de Carteia, una de las más significativas en el Estrecho de Gibraltar en relación a sus producciones pesqueras. En este trabajo se recopilan y estudian 14 talleres salazoneros que ponen a Carteia entre uno de los yacimientos mejor conocidos en lo que respecta a esta materia.