Resiliency

Jordan, Mandy M. Building Resiliency: The Role of Faith-Based Organizations in the Trauma-Affected Community of Santa Fe, Texas. Master of Science (Applied Anthropology), August 2021, 205 pp., 2 tables, 15 figures, 8 appendices, references, 91 titles. On May 18, 2018, a shooter entered Santa Fe High School, killing eight students and two teachers. Using ethnographic methods, this research examines the role of faith, rituals, language, and symbols in the trauma-affected community during the response, recovery, and resiliency efforts as perceived by the Santa Fe community and those impacted by the tragedy. Qualitative data collected from 100 individuals ages of 17-84 illustrated how historical trauma, community culture, and faith-based organizations impact community resiliency and how illusions of a homogenous view of the community left many feeling shocked, divided, forgotten or muted.

Over the past several years, increased interest in preventing youth problems and promoting healthy youth development has led youth and family practitioners, policy makers, and researchers to develop a wide range of approaches based on various theoretical frameworks. Although the growth in guiding frameworks has led to more complex models and a greater diversity in the options available to scholars and practitioners, the lack of an integrative conceptual scheme and consistent terminology has led to some confusion in the field. Here, we provide an overview of three approaches to youth development and problem prevention, critically examine their strengths and weaknesses, and offer some elaborations to help clarify, extend, and integrate the models. We conclude by discussing some general implications for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. I n recent years, efforts to address youth problems and enhance youth development have become increasingly more broad-based, involving fam...

The flood is devastating and destructive which may cause damages in urban areas. Resiliency to greater vulnerability emphasizes positive aspects, and today governments are working to improve life in the areas at risk by promoting resilience to natural disasters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reaction of jiroft urban managers facing the flood as an environmental hazards with emphasis on resiliency. Library methods (books, articles, documents, internet ...) and field studies have been used to collect information. Statistical society of the research includes the urban managers in Jiroft city in which 20 participants were selected randomly using Delphi technique. Analyzing the data, statistical tests, one-sample t-test and stepwise regression and the DEMATEL and BWM model were used to prioritize the significance score and the effect of the indices. The results of a one-sample t-test for evaluating the local management response in promoting the spatial resiliency against flood in Jiroft city show that there is no significant difference between the base limit (3) and the calculated value of 3/17. The results of stepwise regression show that the institutional-managerial index with the beta coefficient of 0/347 has the highest effect, while the physical-physical index with the beta coefficient of 0/302 has the least effect on the resiliency management in Jiroft city. The results of DEMATEL technique show that among the indices affecting the resiliency of Jiroft, city against flood, the social index with 43/385 had the highest interaction and institutional-managerial index has with 43/352 minimum interaction, the social index with 1/474 the most effective factor and the economic index with the value of -1/008 is the most influential factor. The results of BWM technique reveal that social index with the value of /258 is placed in the first rank, institutional-managerial index with the value of /252 in the second rank, the physical-environmental index with the value of /245 in the third place and economic index with the value of /244 in the fourth rank.
Extended Abstract
1-Introduction
Today, cities and communities are mostly located in the places which are exposed both to natural disasters due to natural hazards, and various types of human accidents due to technological advances. In terms of occurrence, the flood is the highest and in terms of damage it is considered to be the most costly natural disaster in the world which has an impact on human societies. Meanwhile, the concept of resiliency is a new concept that should be the central concept of all disaster management and development programs in the community. Flood basins in Jiroft have been affected by floods in recent years, with many damages including land destructions and riverside gardens, the destruction of livestock, housing and public infrastructure such as road networks and communication bridges and even deaths. Therefore, promoting the resilience of the city of Jiroft against natural hazards, especially floods, is imperative for urban managers to be prepared. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of urban managers in promoting resiliency in the face of flood in Jiroft city.
2-Materials and Methods
Regarding the main objective of the research, library methods (books, articles, documents, internet ...) and field studies have been used to collect information. Statistical society of the research includes the urban managers in Jiroft city in which 20 participants were selected randomly using delphi technique. Statistical tests, one-sample t-test and stepwise regression were applied to analyze the data. Moreover, DEMATEL technique was applied to determine the importance of the coefficient and prioritize the criteria using MATLAB and BWM software LINGO 11 software.
3-Results and Discussion
The results of the single sample T for measuring the resilience of Jiroft city managers against the flood crisis in the sample population indicate that there is no significant difference between the baseline (3) and the calculated value (3/17) (sig = 179) . Since the calculated value is more than standard, it can be concluded that the city of Jiroft is in a relatively suitable position in terms of the role of urban management in the face of crises and disasters caused by the flood.
Multiple regressions can be used to measure the factors of the Jiroft city's flood alleviation and create a causal model that illustrates the interactions between indicators and reagents. In general, the institutional-management index with the beta coefficient of 0/347 has the highest effect, while the physical-environmental index with the beta coefficient of 0/302 has the least effect on resilience of the Jiroft city to the flood.
Dimetal model in overlapping multiple regression and to achieve the research goal. Among the indicators that affect the resilience of the flood in Jiroft, the social index with the highest value of 43/358 is the most interaction and the institutional- managerial index with the least amount of interaction with 43/352, the social index with the 1/741 most effective factor and the economic index with the value of -1/008. The most influential factor.
The final step in determining the rank of each factor affecting the resilience of the city of Jiroft is the model of the best and worst method that the researchers will achieve in their final destination. The results of the best and worst case model show that the social index with the value of 0/258 is ranked first, institutional-management index with the value of 0/252 in the second rank, the physical-environmental index with a value of 0/254 in the third, and, finally, the economic index with The value of 0/244 is in fourth place.
According to the statistical tests and multi-index models used in the research, there is a significant relationship between urban management and flood. In other words, the greater the response of urban management, the lower the risk of flood. The current status of Jiroft city resilience management is in desirable condition in all indicators. In other words, the average of all indicators is higher than the base (3). In this regard, Farzad Behtash et al in evaluating and analyzing the dimensions and components of the resilience of the metropolitan city of Tabriz, estimated the average of the Tabriz city's wavering (less than 3), which suggests that the city Tabriz is in an unfavorable situation in terms of resilience. In other words, the condition of the city of Tabriz is inappropriate. Therefore, it can be admitted that, in spite of the difference in the location of the city, the two cities of city management have had a different experience in dealing with the flood crisis.
4-Conclusion
The results of a one-sample t-test for measuring the local management response in promoting the spatial resiliency against flood in Jiroft city show that there is no significant difference between the base limit (3) and the calculated value of 3/17. The results of stepwise regression show that the institutional-managerial index with the beta coefficient of /347 has the highest effect and the physical-physical index with the beta coefficient of /302 has the least effect on the resiliency management in Jiroft city. The results of DEMATEL technique show that among the indices affecting the resiliency of Jiroft city against flood, the social index with 43/385 had the highest interaction, institutional-managerial index with 43/352 has the minimum interaction, the social index index with 1/474 the most effective factor and the economic index with the value of -1/008 is the most influential factor. The results of BWM technique reveal that The results of BWM technique reveal that social index with the value of /258 is placed in the first rank, institutional-managerial index with the value of /252 in the second rank, the physical-environmental index with the value of /245 in the third place and economic index with the value of /244 in the fourth rank.

Climate change will increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events and create risks that will impact health care facilities. Health care facilities will need to assess climate change risks and adopt adaptive management strategies to be resilient, but guidance tools are lacking. In this study, a toolkit was developed for health care facility officials to assess the resiliency of their facility to climate change impacts. A mixed methods approach was used to develop climate change resiliency indicators to inform the development of the toolkit. The toolkit consists of a checklist for officials who work in areas of emergency management, facilities management and health care services and supply chain management, a facilitator's guide for administering the checklist, and a resource guidebook to inform adaptation. Six health care facilities representing three provinces in Canada piloted the checklist. Senior level officials with expertise in the aforementioned areas were...

This study described Lady M"s life dedicated to teaching, vis-à-vis, a portrait of Rizal"s 4R attributes, in a certain state university in Cebu City, Philippines. Specifically, it aimed: to compare Lady M" experiences that match to Rizal"s 4R Attributes (religiosity, resiliency, radicalism and "ritercism), to extrapolate illuminating themes from the identified attributes, and to interpolate a confirmation to a new concept of a modern heroism. This study utilized a case study design with comparative analysis of Rizal"s 4R attributes, vis-à-vis, Lady M"s. Lady M was a permanent professor from a state university, who was chosen because of being a student leader during her high school and university days, a Magna Cum Laude, a topnotch in the Licensure Examinations for Teachers (LET), an outstanding teacher in the department, and protégé of true bloodied teacher in the College of Education, who possessed in and out Rizal"s 4R attributes. Lady M&quo...

The purpose of this paper is to exemplify the outstanding potential of literary narrations, and particularly the fairy tales, to foster resilience among primary school students. The starting point of these reflections is the mimetic-cathartic vision of a literary narration proposed already by Aristotle and then developed by such contemporary authors as Paul Ricoeur, Alasdair MacIntyre, David Carr, etc. The specific application of the general idea, according to which great literary stories have a powerful intrinsic pedagogical potential, is depicted with the use of the example of a classic tale by the Grimm brothers, The Girl Without Hands, which is a clear mimesis in both textual and figurative sense of a resilient character. Moreover, the traumatizing circumstances against which the resilient attitude develops in the protagonist are related to family background, which makes the story particularly up-to-date at present times in which we observe an outstandingly high divorce rate as well as many other types of problems affecting large numbers of children in relation with their families. A variety of “pillars” or “factors” of resilience are easily observable in the behaviour of the “girl without hands,” which converts the story into a remarkable and encouraging example of overcoming all sort of difficulties and obstacles which our students encounter on their own way towards a more complete integration and happiness.

Objective: Exposure to violence threatens the health and well-being of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women and children. In the first part of the commentary, we provide a brief overview of research, policies, and programs aimed at reducing violence against AI/AN women. In the second part, we present 3 recommendations for an expanded research agenda. The first recommendation is to promote participatory research on risk and protective factors to inform the development of culturally appropriate, strength-based and resilience interventions. The second recommendation is to increase applications of life course theories and examine the interconnectedness between intimate partner violence (IPV) and violence exposures that occur during childhood and older adulthood. The third recommendation is to conduct more studies on social and historical determinants of violence, with an emphasis on community and societal factors. Conclusions: Increased applications of theoretical frameworks may shed light on social, economic, historical, and cultural factors associated with violence against AI/AN women. Incorporating the factors in IPV prevention and intervention programs requires active participation and indigenous knowledge from AI/AN scholars, leaders, advocates, and communities. Diverse stakeholders play an important role in promoting the use of cultural strengths to improve the health and safety of AI/AN women and families.

Mentoring programs hold great promise for fostering competency in disadvantaged youth. Although considerable theoretical work has been conducted to explain the role of mentoring relationships in promoting positive youth outcomes, very little empirical research has directly investigated this alliance. The present study developed and validated a tool to assess mentees' perceptions of their relationships with their mentors and to investigate the relationship between this alliance and youth competency. Based on pilot data from four cross-national mentoring programs (N ¼ 276), a 10-item, two-factor Mentor-Youth Alliance Scale (MYAS) was created. Subsequent confirmatory factor analyses conducted on national evaluation data from a multi-site study of mentoring programs (N ¼ 219), generated a 10-item, one-factor solution. The one-factor MYAS significantly predicted youths' scores in four competency domains: Family Bonding, Relationships with Adults, School Bonding, and Life Skills, at 8-months post-intake. Higher competency youth were more likely to be female, younger on average, and have a higher quality of ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/jado 0140-1971/$30.(D.H. Zand).

The paper is a review of related literature about children and adolescent's resiliency. It includes an integration of past studies on the factors that foster resilience, the process undergone from childhood to adulthood and the cultural differences among individualist and collectivist societies. In addition, a conceptual framework in the lens of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model of Human Development was used to illuminate resiliency.

This paper will describe the wellness and resiliency model used by mental health counselors that will promote wellness and community resilience over the life span for individual, couples, and families in the targeted population described. It will recommend intervention activities designed to promote resilience and wellness as desired counseling goals for clients in the targeted population. In addition, it will propose appropriate prevention and education activities appropriate to the targeted population that promote optimum human development, wellness, and mental health. Lastly, it will identify effective strategies to promote client understanding of and access to a variety of community resources.

Resumen: En este estudio se describe el constructo de capital psicológico positivo (Luthans y Youssef, 2004) y la validación en España de un instrumento para medirlo: el PCQ (Psychological Capital Questionnaire). Este cuestionario mide cuatro aspectos diferentes, aunque relacionados entre sí, del concepto más amplio de capital psicológico. Estos aspectos son la autoeficacia, la esperanza, el optimismo y la resiliencia. Los resultados obtenidos (N = 372) a través del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales confirmaron que la versión española del cuestionario presenta una alta fiabilidad, así como validez convergente y discriminante. Se discuten los resultados, aportaciones y limitaciones del presente estudio. Palabras clave: Capital psicológico positivo; autoeficacia; esperanza; optimismo; resiliencia.

On April 16, 2007, a gunman attacked the Virginia Tech (VT) campus killing 32 people, wounding 17 others, and tearing at the social fabric of the community. The deadliest school shooting in American history quickly attracted the media. As journalists from every major domestic and foreign media outlet
reported on the events of April 16 and its aftermath, the world saw images of and read stories about fragile individuals, a shocked and grief-stricken student body, and a community united in its grief. Yet the media did more than simply tell the story of the tragedy: it gave opinions on its cause, pondered its
consequences, offered advice for recovering from the event, and speculated on how to prevent such events in the future. But, was the story told the same way across the various outlets or did the media source influence the coverage

This paper identifies the knowledge development and knowledge gaps in business and management research on resilience, based on a systematic review of influential publications among 339 papers, books and book chapters published between 1977 and 2014. Analyzing these records shows that resilience research has developed into five research streams, or lines of enquiry, which view resilience either as (1) organizational responses to external threats, (2) organizational reliability, (3) employee strengths, (4) the adaptability of business models, or (5) design principles that reduce supply chain vulnerabilities and disruptions. A review of the five streams suggests three key findings: First, resilience has been conceptualized quite differently across studies, meaning that the different research streams have developed their own definitions, theories and understandings of resilience. Second, conceptual similarities and differences among these streams have not yet been explored, nor have insights been gleaned about any possible generalizable principles for developing resilience. Third, resilience has been operationalized quite differently, with few insights into the empirics for detecting resilience to future adversity (or the absence thereof). This paper outlines emerging research trends and pathways for future research, highlighting opportunities to integrate and expand on existing knowledge, as well as avenues for further investigating resilience in business and management studies.

Aim To describe nursing research that has been conducted to understand the phenomenon of resilience in nurses. Background Resilience is the ability to bounce back or cope successfully despite adverse circumstances. Nurses deal with modern-day problems that affect their abilities to remain resilient. Nursing administrators/managers need to look for solutions not only to recruit nurses, but to become knowledgeable about how to support and retain nurses. Evaluation A comprehensive search was undertaken for nursing research conducted between 1990 and 2011. Key search terms were nurse, resilience, resiliency and resilient. Whittemore and Knafl's integrative approach was used to conduct the methodological review. Key issues Challenging workplaces, psychological emptiness, diminishing inner balance and a sense of dissonance are contributing factors for resilience. Examples of intrapersonal characteristics include hope, self-efficacy and coping. Cognitive reframing, toughening up, grounding connections, work-life balance and reconciliation are resilience building strategies. Conclusion This review provides information about the concept of resilience. Becoming aware of contributing factors to the need for resilience and successful strategies to build resilience can help in recruiting and retaining nurses. Implications for nursing management Understanding the concept of resilience can assist in providing support and developing programmes to help nurses become and stay resilient.

The purpose of this qualitative research guided by resilience theory was to investigate the experiences of four Black women senior student affairs administrators at predominantly White institutions in order to understand the strategies for success that led to their advancement to senior level positions.  Participants included four deans of students and/or vice presidents for student affairs (reporting directly to the president of the institution) at four-year small private predominantly White institutions (enrollment under 5,000).  The participants’ recounted experiences of tokenism, perceptions of the appearance, perceptions of communication styles, and inequitable compensation.  They also reported support systems such as mentors, giving back, and spirituality that influence their thoughts, actions, reactions, decisions, and motivation to continue in the field, in their position, and ultimately in higher education.  The implications of the study encourages institutions to provide funding, personnel resources, and training for all employees as well as encourages current Black women administrators to discuss their professional experiences to continue to inform scholarship and practice.

Kapwa arkipelagong bansa ang Pilipinas at ang Indonesia na nasa kontinente ng Asya. Binubuo ng mga isla sa Luzon, Visaya, at Mindanao ang una; at binubuo naman ng mga isla sa Sunda (greater at lesser islands), Maluku, at New Guinea ang pangalawa. Sa magkakahiwalay na mga islang ito, pinagdurugtong ba ang mga mamamayan ng kanilang wika o lalong pinaghihiwalay ng tubig-dagat? Ano ang nakasulat sa pahina ng kanilang kasaysayan bilang mga Asyanong kapwa nasakop ngunit naghangad na magkaroon ng sariling wika at kultura para sa kanilang bayan? Paano naisagawa ang pamamahalang pangwika sa kanilang arkipelagong bansa?

BAAGA'AD OW EW I N (ANI S H I N AB E)-TH AKÁPS I ČAPI (DAKOTA)-TEWARRATON (HAUD EN OS AU N EE)-CAABNĄI KI I S I K (HO-CH U N K)-PÁKAH ATW AN-(MENOMI N EE) Our vision is to foster a lifelong sustainable appreciation of lacrosse in Native youth and families in the Twin Cities metro area in Minnesota. Our mission is to promote resiliency and wellbeing through lacrosse, to enable our youth to claim their cultural, physical and spiritual strength as leaders and athletes through Harvesting Knowledge, Building Resiliency by offering providing free and accessible opportunities to physical fitness, traditional team sports and cultural practices, through our traditional health and wellbeing, utilizing the four circles of health:  Physical health means the caring of our bodies. The Dakota believe there is a spirit that has to do with movement on our land. Non-movement caring of our bodies are also important, these are: good nutrition, resting, and safety.  Emotional health means that we play to have fun, with our heart, and maintain and open and safe environment to feel, because we play for Creator.  Mental health means we are using our minds to place our heart, bodies, and spirit in a place to be centered and enable deeper connections.  Spiritual health means the creation of space for our spiritual, collective and personal beings to be free to exist as it is meant to be.

Resiliency is the ability to survive, or even thrive, during adversity.  It is a key construct within both humanistic and positive psychology, but each sees it from a contrasting vantage.  Positive psychology decontextualizes resilience by judging it as a virtue regardless of circumstance, while humanistic psychology tends to view it in a more holistic way in relationship to other virtues and environmental affordances, clarifying how resiliency can actually be either a virtue or a vice depending upon circumstances.  Adolf Hitler is presented as an example of a resilient person who would not be seen as virtuous, while the U.S. Army Comprehensive Soldier Fitness study training warfighters in resiliency illustrates possible ethical problems with a decontextualized view of resiliency.

The aim of this integrative review was to identify the protective factors that contribute to family resiliency. Families are comprised of individuals who interact across levels in a socio-ecological system. Family resiliency does not develop through evasion of risk, but through successful application of protective factors to engage in adverse situations and emerge from them stronger. In an effort to move away from pathological labelling, this review provides a foundation for strength-based family interventions. Thirteen peerreviewed databases were searched for articles and information regarding family resiliency. Careful review yielded 24 protective factors that foster resiliency across three distinct but interactive levels: individual, family and community. The protective factors identified in this review of the literature offer an excellent starting point for development of clinical interventions to support family resiliency.

Mindfulness is defined as a non-judgemental awareness and accepting of present-moment experience. With intentional attendance to one's ongoing stream of thoughts, sensations and emotions as they arise, it allows the individual to react with less impulsivity and flexibility. However, empirical findings of mindfulness to date have largely been confined to outcome studies using clinical populations. This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between mindfulness, self-esteem, resiliency and mental health symptoms (anxiety, stress, depression and cognitive inflexibility) in a sample of 106 healthy adolescents. Participants completed a set of questionnaires. First, we found moderate effect size for anxiety, depression and self-esteem and large effect size for cognitive inflexibility. These results, when compared with clinical samples, demonstrated similar trends found in a healthy adolescent sample. Second, predictive value of mindfulness was examined and we found significant contribution of mindfulness to mental and psychological health.

This study tested gender differences in a model positing relationships between work and family demands, overload, 4 coping mechanisms, and stress. The coping mechanisms were hypothesized to moderate the relationship between overload and stress. The sample consisted of 1,404 men and 1,623 women in dual-earner families. Respondents relied on 2 coping strategies: scaling back and restructuring family roles. Men were more likely than women to respond to overload by scaling back and less likely to respond by work-role restructuring. Coping by familyrole restructuring moderated the relationship between role overload and stress for both groups; however, the gender difference was not significant. Coping by work-role restructuring moderated the relationship between overload and stress only for men.

The Coca-Cola Company’s worldwide volumes have declined around 25% during Coronavirus lockdown, with almost all that decline coming from away-from-home channels. “The ultimate impact of coronavirus on 2020 is unknown at this time,” says Coca Cola.

How Coca-Cola reversed the adverse impact of COVID-19 crisis?

In recent years there has been an increased interest in understanding the cultivation of effective pastoral ministry. While much has been written on the dynamics of short-tenure, less attention has been devoted to the dynamics of long-tenure. Why do pastors stay and how do they perceive their efficacy is affected by this? In light of this gap, the purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore the lived experience of long-tenured senior pastors. Data was collected by a purposeful sampling of 10 participants and consisted of a combination of documentation, field notes and interviews. Data analysis utilized Moustakas’ methodology in order to develop a thick description of the phenomena, rich with data; with an eye toward what insights participants’ experiences could illume for pastoral education. In the final analysis the results of the study affirmed current research on the resiliency needed to achieve long-tenure in pastoral ministry and extended previous research through the discovery that participants understood the convergence of ministry, tenure and efficacy as cyclical process sustained by the interconnected experiences of fidelity to the pastoral call and the cultivation of authenticity in community.

Ambiguous loss is an uncommon kind of loss that creates conflict in relationships, complicates grief, and defies closure. Created by Pauline Boss in the mid-1970s, the concept of ambiguous loss is the most stressful and traumatic loss a person can experience due to the ambiguity . Compared to ordinary loss through death, ambiguous loss is different in that the person is still present, but not all present. As a result, closure is not possible (Boss, 2010). There are two types of ambiguous loss: physical absence with psychological presence, and physical presence with psychological absence (Boss, 2010). Both types of ambiguous loss have the potential to upset and traumatize relational boundaries and systemic processes (Boss & Carnes, 2012). Even though five different scholarly resources in this review regard ambiguous loss as the most stressful and traumatizing loss, there are similarities and differences in their approach about how stress and trauma are related to ambiguous loss through ambiguity and the role resiliency plays in the treatment of individuals and families.

Built environment students commonly experience stress due to the unique learning environment designed to meet the employability needs of the construction industry. However, perceptions and responses to this learning experience differ for students depending on their resiliency. This research aims to examine the factors affecting resiliency of built environment students in Malaysia. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire survey on 221 built environment students of Universiti Sains Malaysia. The results showed Building Network i.e. establishing personal relationships and peer support was the main factor that enhanced resiliency of built environment students. The implications of the findings for program development is that strategies can be adopted to improve the students’ ability to maintain perspective and manage stress to boost resiliency. This is important to ensure students are better prepared for the demanding work environment in construction industry

Malnutrition across the world is a global issue but in the developing countries it is catastrophic. Poverty affects nutrition and nutrition affects poverty, while income poverty is important to nutrition it is not strongly correlated, it is here we begin this interdisciplinary dialogue on a growing phenomenon in Asia called stunting. Stunting or chronic under nutrition, resulting in growth retardation is indicated by height for-age. Nearly 40 percent of the children in SAARC countries are engulfed in poor conditions for growth and development. Clinical etiology suggests that lack of nutrition, presence of infection and lack of motherinfant interaction insufficient food supply both in quantity and quality and recurrence of infectious diseases results in stunting or chronic under nutrition. Stunting, as a manifestation of deprivation in early childhood, is a common problem among young children. We suggest that poverty and lack of resources may predispose a child to maladjustment in the grown-up society, lacking in resiliency. This paper examines the relationship between poverty, marginalization and health in the context of stunting, under weight and wasting among children and malnutrition among women and adolescent girls lacking in resilience.

In this paper, a C++ class for analising Vector Boolean Functions from a cryptographic perspective is presented. This implementation uses the NTL library from Victor Shoup, replacing some of the general purpose modules of this library by some more specialized and better suited to cryptography, and adding new modules that complement the existing ones. With this class, we can obtain

This article explores gay and bisexual male adolescents’ positive perceptions of their sexual orientation identity. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with an ethnically diverse sample of 63 gay/bisexual male adolescents in Chicago (N = 42) and Miami (N = 21). Data revealed two major conceptual categories: (1) positive personal conceptualizations of being gay/bisexual and (2) resiliency in the face of gay-related oppression. Additional primary themes and subthemes were identified within each category that further illustrate how gay/bisexual youth were able to develop positive conceptualizations of their sexual orientation despite experiencing negative societal messages about being gay/bisexual. Implications for the development of interventions to promote the health and well-being of gay/bisexual male youth are discussed.

The ability of beaches and dunes to recover following an extreme storm is a primary control of barrier island response to sea-level rise and changes in the frequency and/or magnitude of storm surges. Whereas erosion of the beach and dune occurs over hours and days, it can be years to decades before the beach and dune are able to recover to their pre-storm state. As a consequence, there are numerous descriptions of near-instantaneous beach and dune erosion due to storms, the immediate onshore transport of sand, and the initial phases of beach and dune recovery following a storm, but a paucity of data on long-term beach and dune recovery. A combination of previously published data from Galveston Island, Texas and new remotely sensed data from Santa Rosa Island, Florida is used in the present study to quantify the rate of dune recovery for dissipative and intermediate beach types, respectively. Recovery of the dune height and volume on Galveston Island was observed within two years following Hurricane Alicia (1983) and was largely complete within six years of the storm, despite extensive washover. In contrast, the dunes on Santa Rosa Island in Northwest Florida began to recover four years after Hurricane Ivan (2004), and only after the profile approached its pre-storm level and the rate of vegetation recovery (regrowth) was at a maximum. Results show that complete recovery of the largest dunes (in height and volume) will take approximately 10 years on Santa Rosa Island, which suggests that these sections of the island are particularly vulnerable to significant change in island morphology if there is also a change in the frequency and magnitude of storm events. In contrast , the areas of the island with the smallest dunes before Hurricane Ivan exhibited a rapid recovery, but no further growth in profile volume and dune height beyond the pre-storm volume and height, despite continued recovery of the largest dunes to their pre-storm height. A change in storm magnitude and/or frequency is a potential threat to barrier island resilience, particularly for those sections of the island where dune recovery has historically taken the longest time. Further study is required to determine how and why dune recovery varies for the dissipative and intermediate beaches of Galveston Island and Santa Rosa Island, respectively.

Landscapes rebuild themselves repeatedly because they are living systems. The changes in the landscape leave traces over time. These traces are a vital record of our comprehensive history; nonetheless, these records are not written documents (Hoskins, 1955). The landscape contains lots of tangible and intangible data concerning natural and anthropogenic activities. These activities create a medium in which landscapes evolve based on the interrelated effects. Thus, it is essential to understand the changes within a landscape to ensure the continuity of landscapes processes and develop resilient landscapes. Each landscape is unique with its memory (Brierley, 2010); each memory layer in landscape must be read from a holistic perspective. The holistic evaluation of landscape memory shapes the natural and cultural context of contemporary landscape designs. Designing landscapes separate from its embedded memory codes makes designed landscapes irrelevant and vulnerable. Designing landscapes detached from anthropogenic memory codes generate places without identity and a sense of belonging. When the landscape designs disregard memory layers, landscape practice will overlook the site’s heritage, hence misinterpretations of its unique character. The present essay aims to present a holistic model for the systematic reading of landscape memory. It asks whether the landscape can remind and remember natural and anthropogenic processes and how these memory layers can be read systematically.

Collective action issues arise…because of the…failure of atomistic maximizing behavior to yield aggregate outcomes that are…socially redeeming. Humans act with an eye to the future…by the desire to alter future states we might occupy. Economics (has no claim as the only) science of choice…(rather) choice outcomes are the reason for the collective action that is the cause of the institutional change that will plausibly result in the desired outcomes. Daniel W. Bromley (2006), Sufficient Reason; volitional pragmatism and the meaning of economic institutions. Abstract-The practice of economics fails in its ability to guide present behaviors such that a maximum number among us can find self-fulfillment with a minimum of suffering. This failure comes from the dismissal of what is called the public, cooperative economy that could be, rather, a hard rock upon which society can stand secure as the private economy goes through evolutionary change. This paper describes a cooperative economy-a well-crafted practice of infrastructure asset provision, i.e., the services that every society requires, acquired and expanded as a bulwark against whatever downside the private economy may experience that non-economists (and many economists) do not see coming. This paper is presented in three parts, taking a unique path in defining the public economy-the second-tier of economic theory and practice. Despite new ideas, in many respects this paper celebrates historic cooperative social traditions that together provide guidance to the embarrassed economists who did not see the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007-2008 coming, nor see the next one knocking. These traditions include George's Remedy for industrial depressions-using society's continuous increases in land value to advance human progress, defined as increasing knowledge of the universe while resolving social maladjustments along the way that would hinder that advance. (George, 1879, pp. 506-526) The first section of the paper presents deceptions well-rooted in the practice and theories of private economics, including trade policy, macroeconomics, and utility so that an economics of cooperation can be crafted. The second part elevates the work of Bromley in the identification of thresholds, or benchmarked outcomes of dynamic wealth flows rather than consumer and firm behaviors oscillating between an equilibrium of infinite markets. (Wray, p. 14) The third part proposes a method for actualizing a cooperative economy through infrastructure asset planning, financing, construction, and continuous provision of necessary services (i.e., shelter, safety, healthcare, as well as that which allows people to achieve higher Maslow needs). The paper concludes with an outlook for the need of a cooperative economy (and the risks for not having one) in the context of the U.S. economy. are selected as exemplary, so as to set a basis for a separate cooperative economics. These principles are selected to demonstrate that deception is (at best) possible in the practice of economics. The first deception is that foreign trade is conducted among peoples who advance each other's interests in the process. The second concerns the macroeconomics Keynes wrote about and the macroeconomics twisted by postwar Keynesians,

The study explore the relationship between the students' knowledge of Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (DRRR) and its relationship on their levels of resilience. A 30-item locally made test was utilized to determine students' knowledge on DRRR, and an adapted 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale survey was used in assessing the students' resilience levels. Results showed that the students were proficient in the elements of the topic of disaster and hazards and adequate in the application of DRRR concepts. The result of the resilience scale survey showed that the students toughness is high (3.86), motivation is also high (3.88). Results revealed that there was a significant correlation between the two variables. Furthermore, it was recommended that the provision of pieces of training for the teachers to improve DRRR education in terms of teaching strategies and techniques and that a revisions of the curriculum could be conducted to include the introduction of DRR...

In this paper, a C++ class for analising Vector Boolean Functions from a cryptographic perspective is presented. This implementation uses the NTL library from Victor Shoup, replacing some of the general purpose modules of this library by some more specialized and better suited to cryptography, and adding new modules that complement the existing ones. With this class, we can obtain the classical representation of Vector Boolean Function such as its Truth Table and Algebraic Normal Form (ANF). It is possible to calculate mathematical structures such as the Walsh Spectrum, Linear Profile, Differential Profile and Autocorrelation Spectrum. Cryptographic criteria such as nonlinearity, linearity distance, order of correlation immunity, bal-ancedness, algebraic degree and propagation criterion can be obtained with this class. It permits to find out some interesting cryptologic parameters such as linear structures, linear potential, differential potential and the maximum possible nonlineari...

This study examines how cohesion and parent-adolescent conflict relate to alcohol use among Mexican-heritage adolescents. The sample consists of 120 adolescents (14 to 18) participants from the Southwest sub-sample of the Latino Acculturation and Health Project. Lifetime and recent alcohol use, and binge-drinking were tested. Results from the logistic regressions identified high and low levels of family cohesion as a risk factor for alcohol use compared to medium levels of cohesion; and parent-child conflict predicted lifetime use and binge drinking. Low and high family cohesion levels appear to be especially problematic among Mexican adolescents who are trying to navigate two different cultural worlds. Although, high cohesion is often a characteristic of Mexican families, Mexican-heritage adolescents may view high family cohesion as a hindrance to their own independence. Unresolved conflict seems to be connected to children's problem behaviors and alcohol misuse could be utilized by youth as a mechanism to reduce emotional distress caused by family tensions.

This article presents a preliminary effort to capture the dialogue at the Environmental Law Collaborative’s inaugural Workshop. Attendees engaged in the re-conceptualization of sustainability in the age of climate change, premised on evidence that climate change is forcing changes in the norms of political, social, economic, and technological standards. As climate change continues to dominate many fields of research, sustainability is at a critical moment that challenges its conceptual coherence. Sustainability has never been free from disputes over its meaning and has long struggled with the difficulties of simultaneously implementing the “triple-bottom line” components of environmental, economic, and social well-being. Climate change, however, suggests that the context for sustainable decision-making is shifting. The event produced an intensive and collaborative conversation on how to assess sustainability in the age of climate change. The essays appearing here examine the process...

This Pan-Canadian Study Examines the most costly impact of climate change affecting Canadians; residential flooding. The study examines the property value impact from flooding across Canada. The study finds that the more known the flood risk, the lower the impact to value.

A wireless sensor network consist distributed sensors which are used to monitor physical or environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pressure and so on. Wireless sensor network are used in future in many applications like military, investigation teams, researches and so on. Security is the main issue in wireless sensor network. Sensor network arrange several types of data packets, packets of routing protocols and packets of key management protocols. Key management is the most effective method for providing better security against several types of attacks. This paper discusses the various key pre-distribution approaches along with their advantages and disadvantages.