Regional identity

Příspěvek pojednává o regionální identitě, procesu formování územních identit a o institucionalizaci regionů. Cílem je aplikace a diskuze teoretických rámců vzniku a formování regionální identity (zejména podle A. Passiho) na příkladu Česka. Dále naznačení vztahu mezi formováním regionální identity a vývojem polarizace prostoru a vývojem krajiny (změnami využití ploch). Formování regionální identity v Česku je mj. představeno na příkladu vytváření regionální symboliky nových vyšších územně samosprávných celků v Česku. Parciálně je diskutován i vztah regionální identity k potenciálu regionálního rozvoje území. K : regionální identita -centrum -periferie Věnuji doc. Ivanu Bičíkovi s úctou a obdivem k jeho nezlomnému elánu, optimismu a smyslu pro fair play. Příspěvek vznikl v rámci řešení grantového projektu GA UK: Metodologické přístupy v geografi ckém výzkumu kulturních oblastí Česka (215/2002/B-GEO/PrF) a GA ČR: Periferní oblasti v Česku jako součást polarizace prostoru v souvislostech evropské integrace (403/03/1369). Autor děkuje oběma agenturám za podporu. Autor děkuje studentce geografi e katedry sociální geografi e a regionálního rozvoje PřF UK v Praze, Kateřině Štětinové, za pomoc při získávání podkladů, nezbytných pro vypracování příspěvku.

В статье обосновывается необходимость методологического рассмотрения сибирской региональной идентичности в качестве конструкта. Показано, что, несмотря на современную политизацию сибирской идентичности, отмечаемое этносоциологами активное использование сибиряками маркера «сибирскости» при определении своей региональной принадлежности, сибирская идентичность до сих пор не получила содержательной характеристики в научной литературе. Опираясь на теоретический опыт анализа региональной идентичности в современных зарубежных исследованиях, автор формулирует возможные ориентации исследования сибирской идентичности, вытекающие из конструктивизма, показывается эвристичность применения конструктивистского подхода к изучению сибирской идентичности.

This paper deals with the question of how was the regional identity of the European part of the Russian North transforming during twenty years of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region operation. The first section describes the general political and social structure of the BEAR, the history of its construction and the aspects of the construction of social reality special for this political project. The Barents Euro-Arctic Region is perceived as a part of “new regionalization” processes featuring an extensive system of government that has helped to construct its own political identity. The empirical section is based on a field research and analyzes field data col- lected in Karelia and Murmansk Oblast in 2012. The final section is an attempt to find an answer whether there is common self-identification of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region inhabitants; it is argued that the main pattern of their self-identification is the contrastive one, and the regional identity is presented as a flexible network of markers and op- positions with relatively stable manifestation. The impact of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region is considered to be crucial for building this identity as its framework had facilitated grass-roots cross-border cooperation; an extensive network of such cooperation exists, and an attempt is made to predict how the current situation can possibly develop.

The article addresses the concept of regional names and of their importance in regional studies. The first section tries to define the position of the name as a part of the symbolic shape of the region in the context of the “new” understanding of the region as a social construct. The subsequent section discusses the main problems, which must be taken into consideration in the study of regional
names. In addition,the article also offers methodological examples of how names of regions can be used in geographical research, primarily as a means for identifying the territorial shape of the region. Finally, it underscores the need to combine different interdisciplinary approaches in the study of regions.

Landmarks are developed with a specific name, form, thematic references and concept. Public discourses negotiate the references of each landmark. In the process, the landmark is represented in various media, including merchandise and other en-passant-media. Due to this, the same landmark signifies different meanings in different representations. These develop their own communicative contexts and reference frames, with all of them referring back to the landmark itself. The meanings construct and negotiate not only the symbolic value and reference frame of each landmark, but also influence related place-­-images and the role of individual topics or objects in culture(s). The canonisation of landmarks and their appropriation by different social groups that create different readings and uses of the same geographical spaces is discussed in this paper focussing on the example of The Angel of the North.

Alue, paikka ja identiteetti ovat nousseet 1990-luvulta alkaen eri puolilla maailmaa akateemisen tutkimuksen ja yhteiskunnallisen keskustelun avainkäsitteiksi. Tämän kehityksen keskeinen tausta on globaalin talouden muutos, jonka myötä kilpailuajattelu on vähitellen yleistynyt talouden lisäksi muillakin yhteiskuntaelämän osa-alueilla, muuan muassa koulutuksessa. Alueellista lähtökohtaa korostava uusregionalismi on yksi ilmentymä kilpailuajattelusta. Sen mukaan alueetvarsinkin tärkeimmät kaupunkialueet ovat taloudellisen kasvun keskeisiä moottoreita ja niiden imagot sekä identiteetit ovat tärkeitä pääomien ja koulutettujen asukkaiden houkuttelemisessa alueille. Äärimmillään tämä ajattelu korostaa eräänlaista alueiden taistelua toisiaan vastaan. Alueet eivät ole jääneet pelkiksi keskustelun kohteiksi, sillä monet valtiot -Suomi mukaan lukienovat muovanneet aluerakennettaan uuteen uskoon tehdäkseen siitä entistä kilpailukykyisemmän (Moisio & Paasi 2013). Aluejärjestelmää uudistetaan eri aluetasoilla. Tämä ilmenee valtioiden sisällä alueidenesimerkiksi maakuntien tai kuntienpoliittisen ja hallinnollisen roolin kasvattamisessa/pienentämisessä, alueliitoksissa ja ylipäätään alueiden oman roolin, omaehtoisuuden ja identiteettien korostamisessa. Aluekeskeinen ajattelu ilmenee myös valtioiden yhteistyössä niiden rakentaessa ylikansallisia alueita. Euroopan Unioni on kenties vaikuttavin esimerkki tästä kehityksestä. Alueiden Eurooppa ja alueellinen identiteetti ovat tärkeitä ilmauksia Euroopan Unionin viljelemässä sanastossa. Vahvat alueet ja identiteetit nähdään aluekehitykselle välttämättöminä voimavaroina ja Euroopan integraation osatekijöinä. Alueiden liitokset ja ihmisten lisääntynyt liikkuvuus erityisesti työpaikkojen perässä ovat todennäköisesti merkinneet alueiden, paikkojen ja ihmisten tunneperäisten sidosten heikkenemistä. Muutokset ovat myös herättäneet vastarintaa, mikä on näkynyt Suomessa muun muassa kuntaliitosten vastustamisessa (Zimmerbauer & Paasi 2013).

"CHROMÝ, P. (2000): Historickogeografické aspekty vymezování pohraničí a jeho geografické analýzy. Geografie, 105, 1, s. 63–76. ISSN 1212-0014
[Historical-geographical aspects of delimitation of the borderland and of its geographical analysis]
The article deals with alternative possibilities of delimitation of border territories in Czechia from historical-geographical and cultural-geographical points of view and with the indispensable usage of historical analysis of territory in geographical analysis of territory. An attention is paid to suggestions of a possible orientation of regional geographical research and to spatial variability of Czech borderland in time. The conclusion outlines the typology of the borderland from the point of view of its inner differentiation of the functional-spatial dynamism and social-spatial transformations during the last 150 years."

One of the lacunae of traditional music scholarship in England has been the lack of systematic study of folk song and its performance in discrete geographical areas. This thesis endeavours to address this gap in knowledge in a small way, through a study of Cumbrian folk song and its performance over the past two hundred years. Although primarily a social history of popular culture, with some elements of ethnography and a little musicology, it is also a participant-observer study from the personal perspective of one who has performed and collected Cumbrian folk songs for some forty years. The principal task has been to research and present the folk songs known to have been published or performed in Cumbria since circa 1900, designated as the Cumbrian Folk Song Corpus: a body of 515 songs from 1010 different sources, including manuscripts, print, recordings and broadcasts. The thesis begins with the history of the best-known Cumbrian folk song, ‘D’Ye Ken John Peel’ from its date of co...

This article is the first academic study of a significant twentieth-century periodical genre, the county magazine. Through a content analysis of a successful example, Lancashire Life magazine, it introduces regional differentiation into current scholarship on the middle classes in the second half of the twentieth century. The analysis, from the magazine’s launch in 1947 to the end of the post-war boom in 1973, identifies changes over time in editorial attitudes to class, the South of England, modernity and the past. These changes correlate closely with wider national images of northern England, with the most confident self-images – of Lancastrians as wealthy, cosmopolitan and sophisticated, and proud of their history and traditions coinciding with the popularity of northern culture in the late 1950s and early 1960s. These distinctive regional self-images add to the work of Russell in challenging over-simplified conceptions of twentieth-century middle-class culture as homogenous and ‘national’.

Regional identity has become an important category in the ‘Europe of regions’, and one that is often taken as self-evident in the relations between a group of people and a bounded region. The movement of people, capital and information across spatial boundaries that takes place in the contemporary world challenges the supposed harmonious link between regions and people on all spatial scales. This paper analyses the meanings of region and identity, and the links between them. Regions are understood as historically contingent structures whose institutionalisation is based on their territorial, symbolic and institutional shaping. Regional identity is understood as an abstraction that can be used to analyse the links between social actors and the institutionalisation process. This paper suggests that an analytical distinction between the identity of a region and the regional identity of its inhabitants, i.e. regional consciousness, is useful for problematising these links. The conceptual arguments will be illustrated with analyses of identity discourses related to Finnish regions and of the mobility of the Finns between regions.

В статье рассматривается история формирования сибирской идентичности и множественность оттенков ее трактовки, а также отражаются изменения понятия «сибиряк» в исторической ретроспективе. В работе идет речь, прежде всего, о самоидентификации некоренных народов Сибири, а именно о русских и прочих переселенцах всех исторических этапов иммиграции, составляющих сегодня большую часть населения Зауралья.
The article examines the history of the formation of Siberian identity and multiplicity of its interpretation, and also reflects the changes in the concept of "Siberian" in historical perspective. The work concerns the identity of non-indigenous peoples of Siberia, basically the Russian and other migrants of all historical stages of immigration, who constitute now the majority of the population of Siberia.

Při vyslovení slovního spojení Podkarpatská Rus nebo jejích alternativních názvů Zakarpatsko, Podkarpatí, Uherská Rus, Zakarpatská Ukrajina, Podkarpatská Ukrajina atd., se těm znalejším vybaví dřevěné kostelíky a drsná příroda s holými karpatskými kopci. I toto jsou však určité stereotypy, a co teprve ty, které můžeme načerpat z meziválečné československé beletrie. Podkarpatská Rus je taková naše Transylvánie bez Drákuly, ale místo něj máme například Nikolu Šuhaje Loupežníka.

Drawing upon findings on the memory culture of German expellees after World War II, this essay takes a both scholarly and personal look at the inner-German migration after 1990. Based on the concept of Heimat as social space, it discusses what leaving, looking back and returning mean to the migrant and their surroundings. A short typology of loss through migration is followed by outlining possible gains of leaving home for better or for worse. What can we learn about dealing with migration experience from the German expellees’ case? How to make sense of and integrate migration into a biographical or group narration? Finally, the essay points out that returning migrants may feel a sense of alienation, as not only themselves but also their place of origin will have changed in their absence.

During the last decade or so, the existence of a Balkan cultural identity has been hotly debated in books, articles, conferences, and other scholarly practices. It has been argued that the cuisine, supposedly common throughout the Balkan Peninsula, might be a form through which this cultural identity manifests itself. Using statistical data regarding the diet components over the last 20 years, this paper attempts to evaluate how valid the notion of a common Balkan cuisine is. There are two hypotheses I am trying to test: 1) there is a commonly shared diet structure in Balkan area, and 2) people consume similar quantities of basic food. Although these hypotheses are considerably weaker than that of the existence of a “Balkan cuisine”, it seems to me that they are the means of doing the most of the available data. The conclusions will point to the fact that, if “Balkan cuisine” means what people eat in this region on a daily basis, then there is a very limited specificity and coherence of food consumption in Balkan countries.

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Ignoring borders, which are constructs, nineteenth-century Tampa was not Southern. Instead, it was home to a polyglot society that survived frontier conditions through cooperation. In the last decade of the century, however, and especially after the Spanish-American War of 1898, Tampa’s multicultural coalition gave way to New South pressures. Although whites remained a minority, they had by then acquired the socioeconomic resources to take political control of what was quickly becoming a New South city. In an effort to “sanitize” local history and celebrate their own superiority while appeasing the non-white majority, Tampa’s white civic elite devised and actuated the Gasparilla Parade, which is still held annually. Most modern-day parade spectators
and participants, however, remain ignorant of the parade’s original purposes, a testament to the organizers’ successful revision of local history.

El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación, becado por el Instituto de Estudios Zamoranos "Florián de Ocampo" (Diputación de Zamora), se sintetiza en el análisis diacrónico y comparativo de los diferentes discursos “identitarios” (tanto a nivel regional como provincial) que se han rastreado en las colecciones de los boletines que la «Casa de Zamora» y la «Casa de León» establecidas en Madrid han editado a lo largo de su historia, así como en la documentación interna (actas de directivas, asambleas y estatutos, reglamentos…) a la que se ha tenido acceso. También se ha tratado la existencia de lo que se podría definir como "microidentidades", que en ambos casos se analizaron a nivel comarcal.

Peryferie postrzegane są tradycyjnie jako uzależnione od centrów i skazane na niesamodzielność. W książce przedstawiono odmienne podejście, które wskazuje, że zależności centro-peryferyjne są zawsze dwustronne, a życie społeczne na peryferiach nie może być postrzegane wyłącznie jako pasywna reakcja na bodźce płynące z centrów. Ujęcie to – interakcyjne czy też kontekstowe – odwołuje się do nowych koncepcji, jakie pojawiają się w naukach społecznych, głównie w socjologii, geografii społecznej oraz analizie dyskursu.Ilustracją opisywanego paradygmatu jest analiza relacji symbolicznych pomiędzy Warszawą a trzema polskimi metropoliami: krakowską, poznańską i górnośląską.

Jones, M. (2004). Forging an ASEAN Identity: The Challenge to Construct a Shared Destiny
In Contemporary Southeast Asia, 26(1), pp. 140-154.

ASEAN has formulated a planned integration among its ten member nations and has challenged its citizens to embrace a regional identity. This article raises and attempts to answer the following questions: How might ASEAN develop strategies to enable citizens in transitioning from nation-state mentalities to regional and possible cultural citizenry? How will the regional and national governing bodies facilitate the necessary empowerment of diverse populations to form an ASEAN identity? What sorts of affiliations will engender the necessary social capital to develop civic-minded people with a sense of belonging together? How might education play a role in this process? These questions are raised on the basis of the argument that the call for ASEAN identity delivers a challenge to construct dynamic institutions and foster sufficient amounts of social capital. The underlying assumption is that the creation of a regional identity is of special interest to ASEAN and the intent of the of the 2020 Vision policy document was to reassert the belief in a regional framework designed as an action plan related to human development and civic empowerment. Accordingly, these assumptions will be the basis for recommendations and strategies in developing a participatory regional identity.

Vranje (južna Srbija) je grad koji ima bogate slojeve stvarnosti, ali se slika o njemu iznutra, a dobrim delom i spolja, vezuje samo za jedan deo njegove prošlosti i samo za orijentalistički osenčene simbole i motive koji su izvedeni iz književnosti Bore Stankovića, čija se značenja dalje umnožavaju. U radu se razmatraju procesi interakcije unutrašnjih i spoljašnjih određenja identiteta Vranja, kao i orijentalistički diskurs koji ih karakteriše.

Il volume ha come tema centrale l’uso che è stato fatto, nel corso dei secoli, delle antichità della Calabria ai fini della costruzione di una identità regionale. Partendo dall’epoca romana si cerca di fare luce sulla percezione che, per due millenni, gli abitanti della Calabria hanno avuto di se stessi e sull’immagine che ne hanno rimandato all’esterno. In estrema sintesi si potrebbe dire che la calabresità, l’identità culturale dei calabresi è stata rappresentata, fino a tutto l’Ottocento ed oltre, dai topoi letterari della tenacia, della sobrietà e dell’onore. Essi hanno costituito l’ossatura di un mito arcaico, di un’identità in parte orgogliosamente cercata, ma, soprattutto, inconsciamente subita dalla cultura nazionale ed europea che, a partire dal XVI secolo, aveva, sì, un atteggiamento d’attenzione, ma in fondo godeva di un sottile divertimento, rispetto a questa cultura “altra”. Il brigantaggio e la povertà, endemica come le malattie, avevano contribuito -in parte grazie anche all’auto-esaltazione letteraria di alcuni valori che l’arretratezza portava con sé- a cristallizzare nell’immaginario culturale europeo questa idea della Calabria e dei calabresi che, del resto, poco o nulla hanno fatto per scrollarsela di dosso.
L’identità culturale dei calabresi non è che, così come ancora si configura dopo tanti secoli, un insieme di invenzioni, perlopiù basate su un uso disinvolto delle antichità, che si ritiene sia necessario seppellire per sempre perché falso e dannoso.

In 1902, my great-great grandfather wrote a memoir of his experiences as a Confederate soldier at the request of his friend and fellow veteran the Honorable C.C. Cummings of Ft. Worth, Texas. Cummings was a historian for several terms of the Texas State Division of the Confederate Veterans. William Abernathy's account describes his service throughout the entire war, from his enlistment at the age of 17 in April 1861 to his presence at the surrender in April 1865. It tells the story of a common foot soldier, describing his life as a private in one of the most valiant units of the Confederacy. It is especially rich in names and details of the men he knew and fought beside in what must have been a true "coming of age." (This memoir is reprinted in its original form.)

The small city of Nancy, France, is arguably the center where Art Nouveau architecture had the most lasting impact. Nancy’s Art Nouveau was a divergent form of modernity that was defined by regionalism and a distinct sense of place, which its proponents championed as the key elements of an authentic architecture, allowing Nancy to challenge Paris as the dominant French artistic center in the two decades before World War I. Most of Nancy’s architects were graduates of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, and grounded in the language of classicism and its associated professional standards. Much of Nancy’s Art Nouveau had a conservative character that garnered praise from the national architectural press. Nancy’s architects were also disciples of Emile Gallé, the founder of a regional association of artists, industrialists, and designers called the Ecole de Nancy, dedicated to the promotion of Art Nouveau. Nancy’s architects freely collaborated with other artists of the Ecole on their buildings, and a sense of pride in their province led them to study local flora, the and regional legends and politics, using the iconography of plants and narratives to make architecture legible to a wide public. The rooting of the work of Nancy’s architects in their region and the alliance they formed with local industry were successes that Parisian Art Nouveau architects were never able to match. Consequently, in Paris, Art Nouveau was quickly discarded, while in Nancy it was celebrated as an integral piece of regional identity and an important national achievement until 1914.

One of the lacunae of traditional music scholarship in England has been the lack of systematic study of folk song and its performance in discrete geographical areas. This thesis endeavours to address this gap in knowledge in a small way, through a study of Cumbrian folk song and its performance over the past two hundred years. Although primarily a social history of popular culture, with some elements of ethnography and a little musicology, it is also a participant-observer study from the  personal perspective of one who has performed and collected Cumbrian folk songs for some forty years.
The principal task has been to research and present the folk songs known to have been published or performed in Cumbria since circa 1900, designated as the Cumbrian Folk Song Corpus: a body of 515 songs from 1010 different sources, including manuscripts, print, recordings and broadcasts. The thesis begins with the history of the best-known Cumbrian folk song, ‘D’Ye Ken John Peel’ from its date of composition around 1830 through to the late twentieth century. From this narrative the main themes of the thesis are drawn out: the problem of defining ‘folk song’, given its eclectic nature; the role of the various collectors, mediators and performers of folk songs over the years, including myself; the range of different contexts in which the songs have been performed, and by whom; the vexed questions of ‘authenticity’ and ‘invented tradition’, and the extent to which this repertoire is a distinctive regional one. Analysis of the corpus reveals a heterogeneous collection of songs on a wide range of themes, but with certain genres predominating, notably hunting songs and songs in dialect - songs which, like ‘D’Ye Ken John Peel’, have been mobilised to reinforce ideas of regional identity and pride over many years.

This thesis examines the different layers of identity among the Serbs of Vojvodina and their implications for political preferences regarding the basic structure of the state, namely either for regionalisation or for a centralised model of the "nation-state". Its main focus is on the period from the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until present day. In addition to this, an answer is sought to the question whether the Serbian majority and the numerous ethnic minorities form a coherent whole within the Vojvodinian society or if, on the contrary, social segregation along ethnic lines is the case.

This research identifies for the first time a distinctive body of literary work that is Forest of Dean literature. It establishes a history of this literature from its first appearances at the beginning of the nineteenth century up until the end of the twentieth century. It begins to identify some of the persistent ideas and stories about the Forest in literature, and demonstrates how these relate to changing cultural and economic circumstances. 
By tracing the origins of the most persistent ideas and stories about the Forest to their first appearances in early-modern British topographies, travel writing, and early county histories, it demonstrates how these influenced subsequent writing set in or about the Forest of Dean. The research reveals how, emerging in the first half of the nineteenth century, four local writers produced novels and poems that began to describe the Forest as a distinctive place with a distinctive history, landscape and culture, and seeks to explain why this was: these are the first examples of Forest of Dean literature. A significant part of the thesis focuses on the development of Forest of Dean literature in the twentieth century and how this too responded to changing circumstances both locally and further afield. The final chapters of the thesis analyse key aspects of Forest of Dean literature: the myth of the Forest as isolated, the Forest as centre rather than periphery, and proposes the concept of a Forest gaze.
This research makes a contribution to the understanding of a literature of place, and in particular to demonstrate that the specificity of the Forest of Dean demands that its literature be considered, in-part, on its own terms. It makes a contribution to literary history in general and opens up this rich seam of Forest literature to wider appreciation and scholarly scrutiny.

Коллективная монография подготовлена по материалам Камчатских тренингов — серии образовательно-исследовательских мероприятий, проходивших с 1 по 9 сентября 2011 г. в
г. Петропавловске-Камчатском. Тексты. образовавшие книгу, публикуются на двух языках: сначала на русском (с. 6-243), затем на немецком (S. 244-495). В первую часть книги вошли эссе и case studies, подготовленные участниками тренингов из городов Дальнего Востока, во вторую - обобщающие аналитические тексты организаторов тренингов и приглашенных экспертов.

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, le fait régional et l’action régionale semblent s’être fortement développés en Europe. La promotion de l’Europe des régions a été sur le devant de la scène dans la conclusion de nouveaux traités jalonnant la construction européenne depuis quinze ans. Et, de manière emblématique, a été établi un Comité des régions. Celui-ci reste à ce jour doté d’une influence formelle modeste mais son établissement atteste d’un intérêt renouvelé pour l’échelon régional, quand bien même celui-ci recouvre des réalités différentes dans les Etats membres de l’Union européenne.    En parallèle à cette affirmation du fait régional, des mouvements et des partis de revendication régionaliste ont marqué les esprits par leur percée dans certains Etats. En Grande-Bretagne, en France, en Espagne ou en Italie, pour ne citer que quelques exemples, des partis régionalistes ont fait la une par leurs performances électorales et politiques, ou par leur propos : songeons au parti nationaliste basque, au Sinn Fein, à la Ligue du Nord, au Vlaams Belang, ou au parti national écossais.    L’objet du livre est d’analyser l’essence de ces partis régionalistes, d’examiner leurs rôles et leurs performances dans les sociétés européennes, de questionner la nouveauté du phénomène et d’étudier dans quelle mesure ils appartiennent à une même famille. Ce travail est réalisé avec la contribution de plusieurs des meilleurs spécialistes de ces problématiques en Europe.

Le projet communautaire, élaboré aujourd’hui, par le Mouvement wallon et les autorités wallonnes tourne autour des notions de liberté, de démocratie, de citoyenneté et d’anti-nationalisme. Cet idéal de société, purement citoyen, ne révèle pas toute l’histoire. En premier lieu, des notions telles l’hospitalité, bien que déjà présentes avant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, ne pénètrent vraiment le fondement de l’image de soi wallonne qu’après 1960. À ce moment-là, le Mouvement wallon se met à craindre que le déclin démographique dans le sud du pays ne serve d’éteignoir à l’économie et que la Wallonie ne soit à la merci de la Flandre numériquement supérieure. Quelques rapports retentissants font comprendre que, seule, une politique active de natalité et d’immigration est à même de combattre le ‘dépeuplement’ de la Wallonie. En second lieu, les wallingants définissent leur ‘peuple’, non seulement, par des critères citoyens. Ils reprennent aussi, involontairement (quand ils ne réfléchissent pas consciemment au concept de nation), des principes ethniques, comme la terre natale wallonne, la langue, le sang et la race, la filiation ou le sort historique commun.

Le mouvement wallon a donc pris fait et cause pour les droits de la nation wallonne, mais peut-on le qualifier de nationaliste ? Cela pose un problème, si nous nous référons à la définition classique du nationalisme: il se comprend, alors, comme la tendance à l’adéquation entre nation et État. Il est vrai que les wallingants qui luttent pour un État indépendant ou pour le rattachement à la France ont toujours été minoritaires. La majorité du MW s’est plutôt concentrée sur l’acquisition de pouvoir à l’intérieur de l’État belge, par l’intermédiaire des institutions fédérales qui doivent lui garantir l’autonomie nécessaire. Cependant, la définition classique du nationalisme est réductrice. Elle néglige, en effet, la correspondance réelle qui existe entre la manière dont la nation est construite, soit par des États-Nations établis, soit par des mouvements nationalistes qui exigent un État propre, ou par des mouvements nationaux qui ne l’exigent pas. Faire la distinction entre ces trois éléments, pour autant qu’ils usent des mêmes mécanismes, a peu de sens. De ce qui précède, nous pouvons déduire que la construction de la nation wallonne est identique à celle d’autres mouvements nationalistes en Europe, en ce compris le mouvement flamand. Malgré les concordances, le mouvement wallon refuse l’étiquette nationaliste parce qu’elle s’oppose au nationalisme ‘ethnique’, ‘étroit’ du mouvement flamand. En situant, simultanément, le nationalisme à l’extérieur de sa communauté, mais en faisant, malgré tout, usage de la rhétorique et des rituels propres aux mouvements nationalistes, le mouvement wallon se classe dans la catégorie du ‘nationalisme banal’.

Bref, il n’y a pas de différence fondamentale qui puisse se réduire à des opinions complètement contradictoires sur la communauté entre le Mouvement flamand et le Mouvement wallon. Chaque construction de nation se fonde sur des éléments citoyens volontaristes et sur des données ethniques et culturelles; l’existence d’une cloison étanche entre les deux est inadmissible.

Until 2010 Belgian history had been rarely studied from a transnational perspective. In the 1990s and early 2000s Anglo-Saxon, French and, to a lesser degree, German literature and theoretical frames were put to use, but from about 2005 transnational perspectives that go beyond the nation(-state) paradigm have made some impact, most particularly in the study of ‘hybrid’, plural and multilingual Brussels. This particular area does indeed offer the most fully-fledged alternative to the national mode of writing history in Belgium.
In the long run regional historiography (be it at the Flemish or the Walloon level) has adopted the modes of its national equivalent. Moreover, when after the First World War Flemish nationalist historians began to present their region as a nation in its own right, they merely challenged the idea of Belgianness, not the national paradigm as such. In fact they appropriated a whole number of Belgian national myths to the Flemish narrative. The broader picture of global and world history was generally absent in Belgian 20th century historiography, despite Henri Pirenne's emphasis on transnational social-economic evolutions in medieval Europe. At the moment a new generation of transnational research is on its way (partly due to the introduction of world or global history to the Flemish universities' curriculum).

This historical and archaeological research assesses the construction methods and geographical placement of the Hammock Landing Battery (8LI334) in Liberty County, Florida. Landscape data and terrain analysis demonstrates the location of the battery conferred a tactical advantage to the Confederate military. Constructed during the summer of 1863, the Hammock Landing Battery mounted six heavy guns served by three powder magazines and was one component in the line of defense to prevent Federal blockading vessels from reaching the important industrial complex of Columbus, Georgia. Archaeological investigations allowed a comparison of its construction techniques with period engineering manuals. Although many of the dimensions of the excavated structural features differ from the archetype presented in contemporaneous manuals, they exhibit similar characteristics. Artifacts recovered from the site also shed light on the labor exerted during construction of the earthworks, as well as the types of ordnance stores available to Confederate troops in northern Florida.

This article examines the emergence of the so-called Western European and Others Group as well as that of the caucus of European Communities at the General Assembly of the United Nations based on a study of documents from Nordic foreign ministries in the period 1945 to 1975. It shows that the global entanglement of Western Europe both stimulated and inhibited the development of closer subcontinental collaboration during the Cold War, and it demonstrates that a European core was necessary for facilitating common political action. The hesitant and reactive evolution of Western European collaboration at the United Nations, the arbitrariness of its geographical scope, and the alienation of its members provide a key to understanding European identity in the second half of the twentieth century.

poleczne relacje pomi^dzy Polakami i Niemcami na przestrzeni dwudziestolecia mi^dzywojennego byfy juz dwczesnie przedmiotem obserwacji wladz paristwowych i samorz^dowych praktycznie kazdego szczeblaod centralnego do lokalnego. Problematyka ta byia tez ch^tnie poruszana w publicystyce, a pozniej w memuarystyce. Dzisiaj dysponujemy obszern^ literature naukow^ dotyczace mniejszosci niemieckiej w Polsce1, a pomimo to nadal inspirujece wydaje si£ pytania o ksztalt rzeczywistych kontaktow polsko-niemieckich, zwlaszcza na poziomie mi^dzyludzkim, z dala od cen tral politycznych, na przyklad na kujawskiej prowincji. Obszar ten moze posluzyc jako soczewka badawcza do przyjrzenia si^ zjawiskom dotykaje

Стаття присвячена персонажу шахтарського фольклору Шубіну та відображення регіональної ідентичності українського Донбасу в ньому.

Дєдуш О. Персонаж «Шубін» як рефлексія регіональної ідентичності українського Донбасу // Історико-краєзнавчі дослідження : традиції та інновації. Суми : СДПУ, 2016. Ч. 2. С. 170-173

Prostorni identitet koncept je koji ponajprije podrazumijeva posljedice percepcije prostora, svijesti o prostoru i poistovjećivanja s prostorom, odnosno doživljaj kolektivne pripadnosti određenom području ili mjestu. Najčešće je rezultat niza historijsko-geografskih, ekonomskih, prirodnih i drugih čimbenika, specifičnosti i trendova. Svi ovi čimbenici uzrokuju kod stanovništva specifično kolektivno iskustvo (doživljaj) prostora. S obzirom na raznolikost prirodno-geografskih obilježja i turbulentnost historijsko-geografskih zbivanja, može se pretpostaviti da je na teritoriju Republike Hrvatske stvorena osnova za razvoj heterogene slike prostornih identiteta koja se, među ostalim, očituje u međuodnosu njihovih pojedinih razina.