Re entry

This study examines the role of vocational training programmes in Ghanaian prisons as a mechanism for rehabilitation, reintegration, and recidivism reduction. The study employs the rehabilitation theory, and the Routine Activity Theory in informing the discussion. Utilising the descriptive research design, the research investigates the scope, challenges, and effectiveness of vocational skills training programmes within Ankaful and Nsawam Prisons. The study had individuals who experienced working in the prisons and participated in vocational skills training as the target population. Using the purposive and convenient sampling methods, a total of 31 participants made up of prison officers, social welfare staff, ex-convicts, and inmates were sampled for the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews ensuring a comprehensive exploration of the research objectives. The interview data was analysed using the thematic approach to identify recurrent themes, patterns and insights. The findings reveal systemic inadequacies, including insufficient resources, outdated equipment, and a lack of skilled trainers, which undermine the potential of vocational training to achieve its rehabilitative goals. Disparities in programme implementation across facilities highlight significant gaps in uniformity and accessibility, while societal stigmatization further limits the reintegration of ex-offenders. The study concludes that vocational skill training holds promise as a rehabilitative tool though structural deficiencies and limited support constrain its impact. Recommendations include increasing budgetary allocations, modernizing training facilities and methodologies, and expanding programme scope.

This research project examined the client-social worker relationship to examine whether five factors related to engagement positively or negatively affected family reunification. Qualitative data were gathered during face-to-face interviews with seven parent partners who worked in the field of child welfare and witnessed daily interactions between social workers and their clientele. This thirdparty perspective comes from assisting clients with information, guidance, and support during the reunification process. The interviews were transcribed and coded using directed content analysis to confirm whether the five dimensions of engagement were present in their child welfare cases. The resulting qualitative data suggest that all five dimensions of engagement were important and that absence of these core features had a direct impact on a client's ability to successfully reunify. Although all five dimensions were present, trust and transparency were the most common and appeared to have the strongest influence on the relationship. These findings add to the existing literature regarding the client-social worker relationship by highlighting the role of the five dimensions of engagement for families with successful reunification and rehabilitative case plans.

The issue of offenders’ re-integration has become an important topic to the Department of Correctional Services in South Africa due to high number of incarcerated individuals who need to return back into the society as law abiding citizens. Around the world, scholars have researched about offenders’reintegration. However, they tend to focus on adult ex-offenders, neglecting young adult male ex-offenders’ experiences of the family re-entry process. Scholars neglected that the consequences of being incarcerated at a young age (age 19-34) puts young people at overwhelming risks of future incarceration, unemployment, poor physical and mental health. Therefore, this study focused on seven young adult male ex-offenders in Sekhukhune district, aged between 24 and 34 years who returned to their families after incarceration. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and volunteer self-selection sampling, through the assistance of Tswelopele Ex-Offenders Forums in Sekhukhune area. T...

Only more recently, spirituality and religiosity have been hypothesized to be influential for preventing recidivism among re-turning prisoners (Meckler, 2005). As a result, an increasing cross-party interest has risen to fund initiatives that study how

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between vocational interest, counselling, socioeconomic status and age on re-entry of girls into school in Edo State. One research hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. The design was correlational. Five research instruments were used: they are the Modified Bakare Vocational interest inventory, the instrument on counselling, the instrument on socioeconomic status of parents, the instrument on age and the instrument on reasons for re-entry into school by girls. Three continuing education schools were randomly selected for the study. Three hundred and twenty girls who re-enrolled in these schools were used for the study. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis method. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between vocational interest, counselling, socioeconomic status on re-entry of girls into school with the exception of age. It is recommended that vocational counsellors should note the age bracket in which girls drop out of schools in order to set in motion some intervention strategies that may reduce the incidence of drop out and enhance the possibility of re-entry into school

Background: Health outcomes after release from prison are typically poor with elevated rates of morbidity and mortality widely documented. Under-utilisation of health services contributes to these outcomes, but interventions to increase health service utilisation in ex-prisoners are in their infancy and few have been rigorously evaluated. Methods: Single-blinded randomised controlled trial of a service brokerage intervention (the 'Passports study') for N=1,325 adult ex-prisoners in Queensland, Australia. Participants in the intervention group received a personalised booklet summarising their health status and identifying appropriate community health services; trained workers made weekly telephone contact in the first 4 weeks post-release to identify health needs and facilitate health service utilisation. Participants in the control arm received usual care. Baseline data were collected within 6 weeks of expected release from custody with follow-up telephone interviews 1, 3 and 6 months post-release. Participant identities were linked with federal health service utilisation records, a national death register and corrective services records, two years post-release. The primary outcome was self-reported health service utilisation in the first 6 months post-release. Results: Between 2008 and 2010 1,976 prisoners were screened for eligibility, 1,665 met eligibility criteria and 1,325 were recruited; 665 were randomised to the intervention and 660 to the control condition. Participants were broadly representative of adults being released from prison in Queensland except that women were intentionally oversampled (21% vs. 11%). Conclusions: Outcomes from this large RCT will provide the first robust evidence of the effect of service brokerage on health service utilisation and health outcomes for ex-prisoners.

Le but de cette étude consistait à recueillir les perceptions d'élèves québécois de 10 à 17 ans quant à la persévérance scolaire en identifiant les facteurs pouvant influencer leur rapport à l'école en vue de l'obtention d'un diplôme. Lors de 16 entrevues de groupe, deux questions ont été adressées aux participants : « Qu'aimez-vous de l'école ? » et « Qu'aimez-vous moins de l'école ? ». Des participants de quatre profils furent interrogés (n=112). Les résultats sont discutés en fonction des enjeux associés à la persévérance scolaire. De l'école, les jeunes aiment la vie sociale, l'éducation physique, les activités parascolaires ainsi que les enseignants. Dans les aspects moins appréciés, notons certaines matières scolaires, des attitudes ou comportements d'enseignants et la présence de l'intimidation à l'école. CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

Women who are incarcerated are viewed as having departed from the hegemonic standard of motherhood, and become questionable in their roles as mothers, and are often perceived as "bad" mothers. While the challenges of parenting behind bars has been widely researched, there is a paucity of research that centers the experiences and challenges of mothers post-incarceration or probation and a void in the literature that attempts to view this population outside of the confines of the good/bad mother dichotomy. This dissertation explores how mothers who are formerly incarcerated or convicted describe their experiences navigating and negotiating their roles not as good or bad mothers but as fierce mothers. The concept of fierce mother exists outside of the good/bad mother binary; it is based on themes that emerged from the stories women told during our conversations about the practice of mothering. The energy of hard-won survival is what they bring to their mother roles and for many it drives their activism around prison abolition issues. Their stories challenge the normative discourse on good/bad mothers, justice, rights, freedom and dignity. ii DEDICATION Hope is the Thing with Feathers Emily Dickenson (1830-1886) Hope is the thing with feathers, that perches in the soul, And sings the tune-without the words, And never stops at all. To my children-I love you with the depth and breadth of who I am. You are my songs of hope, my songs of freedom. I thank your spirits for choosing me to carry you into this world and walk beside you on your journey here. I am so honored and proud to be your mama, I promise to always do my very best in this role. All of Us or None Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) You who hunger, who shall feed you? If it's bread you would be craving, Come to us, we too are starving. Come to us and let us lead you. Only hungry [people] can feed you. Everything or nothing. All of us or none. One alone [their] lot can't better. Either gun or fetter, Everything or nothing, All of us or none. To fierce mamas-thank you for allowing me into your lives. You inspire, ignite, and motivate me to keep working towards freedom-This is for all of us. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS So many people have stood in the gap for me over the years so that I could eventually do the work that I am now doing-family, friends, and allies. But first I want to acknowledge and give thanks to God for His role in achieving this milestone in my life. Father, You are good to me even in the darkest moments. I thank You for healing my broken heart and teaching me to rest and trust in Your love. All honor and glory is Yours forever. Thank you to my mama, my dad, and my siblings who have loved me fiercely, supported me, prayed with me and expressed their pride in me when I didn't feel proud of myself. My partner Manny knows most intimately the weight of the punishment system as he has carried the burden of my sentence along with me. I will forever be grateful for all of the times he has stood unflinchingly by my side. Thank you Manny for being my "Ride or Die," we have been through some hurricane level shit and we are still here! Thank you for all the times you said "You are beautiful," "I am a lucky man," "I am proud of you," "You deserve it," "Fuck them!," "Everything is going to be okay," "Just come home," or "As yoouuu wiiish." Your love, kindness, patience, humor, and generous spirit have carried me. I love you and look forward to the twists and turns life will bring by your side #Theve♥Lala. I am blessed to have a crew of friends that know me, love me and support me.

The impact of transnational migration and globalization on human society, along with emerging multiple identities, calls for reconceptualization of the meaning of cultural competence and a shift toward transcultural competencea mode of being and learning in which humans communicate and interact among cultures in a very diverse and dynamic environment. Embracing transculturalism perspective calls for integration of new concepts and approaches in communication and education that promote active participation, adaptation, and interaction. To this end, this essay examines the holistic model for developing transcultural competence that involves inquiry, framing, and positionality that challenge our taken-for-granted frames of references and expand our worldviews. The study also explores how educators and learners develop cognitive, emotional, and social qualities, engaging in dialog and critical reflection that informs our actions as the catalyst for positive social change and transformation. Implementing this holistic perspective toward transcultural education can create an inclusive environment for communicating, interacting, and learning without opposing cultural, national, and ethnic binaries.

We would like to thank the Sarawak Women and Family Department under the Ministry of Welfare, Community Wellbeing, Women, Family and Childhood Development and the Sarawak Single Mothers Association for the generous grant and support for this study. We also extend our appreciation to single mothers who took part in this study. It is hoped that the findings of this study will empower and support single mothers locally and abroad, especially those in urban areas in developing countries.

The focus of this exploratory study is on individuals who have completed long term, faith-based reentry programs after incarceration. Through one-on-one interviews with participants, this study will examine the impact that long-term, faith-based treatment programs have had in helping persons with a criminal past re-acclimate back into society. As more reentry programs focus on skills-based treatment only, this study seeks to explore the integration of faith and spirituality in long-term faith-based treatment programs in conjunction with other treatment modalities. This study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the critical elements necessary to help individuals overcome their past and collateral consequences to become contributing members of our society.

Dans un contexte où toujours plus d’adultes poursuivent leurs études en Formation de base commune, plusieurs vivent des défis de persévérance scolaire. Notre recherche descriptive-interprétative avait donc pour objectif de recueillir et d’analyser les points de vue et les expériences d’adultes inscrits en formation de base commune afin de mieux comprendre les dimensions intrapersonnelles, interpersonnelles et institutionnelles qui entrent en jeu dans la capacité de ces adultes à persévérer. Notre article dresse alors un portrait de soixante-cinq adultes en formation. Leurs parcours scolaires passés et présents, leurs situations de vie actuelles et leurs projets d'avenir montrent la valeur accordée aux études et leur volonté de réussir en s’appuyant sur leurs ressources personnelles et les ressources pédagogiques mises à leur disposition.

A new class of lightweight carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)-the lightweight ablator series for transfer vehicle systems (LATS)-has recently been developed. The LATS is fabricated by heating and pressurizing a material in which resin is impregnated in the laminated carbon fiber felt. A characteristic required to ensure the excellence of a conventional lightweight CFRP ablator of the LATS is the simplicity of the resin impregnation process. Since dried bulk density can be easily controlled, this manufacturing method is beneficial for use in the aerospace industry. Here, the ablation characteristics of this material under high-enthalpy airflow are described by a recently developed computer code to simulate the one-dimensional transient thermal behavior. The validity of the mathematical model and the applicability of the ablation code are then discussed by comparing the simulated and experimental results of arc-heated tests with the LATS. A new index adopted in this study predicted the mass loss rate; the measured and estimated values of the total mass loss rate in various test conditions are in good agreement. Thus, a heated LATS material shows excellent performance characteristics for use in re-entry vehicles, and its surface and in-depth temperatures can be estimated using the developed analysis code.

The first section of this article shows the importance and the implication of the drop out phenomenon in Quebec and in Canada. This problem is then contextualized in light of contemporary awareness of young adults' diverse educational trajectories and the ...

Background: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among incarcerated adult men and women is three-four times higher than in the general population, ranging from 70-80%. However, little is known about factors associated with smoking among incarcerated adolescents, especially upon their re-entry into communities after release from jail. The current study explores factors associated with smoking among adolescent males prior to incarceration and one year after their release from jail. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Returning Educated African-American and Latino Men to Enriched Neighborhoods (REAL MEN) study, which was designed to reduce HIV risk, substance use, and recidivism among 16-18 year old males leaving jail. We examined differences between smokers and non-smokers at the time of their incarceration (N = 552) and one year after their release from jail (N = 397) using t-tests and chi-square tests. Using logistic and linear regression we examined factors associated with current smoking status, frequency of smoking, and quantity of cigarettes smoked per day both prior to the young men's incarceration and one year after their release from jail. Results: Prior to incarceration, 62% of the young men reported smoking, and one-year after jail release, 69% reported smoking. Prior to incarceration, foster care history, not living with parents, not attending school, drug sales, number of sex partners, gang involvement, current drug charges, and number of prior arrests were positively associated with smoking indicators prior to incarceration. Having violent charges was inversely associated with smoking indicators prior to incarceration. One-year after release from jail, foster care history and number of prior arrests before the index incarceration were associated with smoking indicators. Conclusions: Several problem behaviors may be associated with adolescent males' smoking behaviors prior to incarceration. However, the young men's histories of difficult life circumstances and engagement in illegal activity may have long-term consequences on smoking for these young men during their transition between jail and community. Findings suggest a need for comprehensive risk reduction interventions in settings in which disadvantaged young men are institutionalized, starting in childhood.

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) caused by a re-entrant circuit is a life-threatening arrhythmia that at present cannot always be treated adequately. A realistic model of re-entry would be helpful to accurately guide catheter ablation for interruption of the circuit. In this review, models of electrical activation wavefront propagation during onset and maintenance of re-entrant VT are discussed. In particular, the relationship between activation mapping and maps of transition in infarct border zone thickness, which results in source-sink mismatch, is considered in detail and supplemented with additional data. Based on source-sink mismatch, the re-entry isthmus can be modeled from its boundary properties. Isthmus boundary segments with large transitions in infarct border zone thickness have large source-sink mismatch, and functional block forms there during VT. These alternate with segments having lesser thickness change and therefore lesser source-sink mismatch, which act as gaps, or en...

Competition for most persuasive legal position Conflict over competing interests Conflicting narratives Conflict as a failure to recognize fellow humanity Brand type Establish and apply precedent Focus on interests Deconstruct/ reconstruct narratives Provide opportunities for mutual empowerment and recognition Recommended practices Provide parties with an assessment Move parties from positions to interests Uncover dominant and subordinate narratives and establish functional shared narrative Encourage and reinforce instances of empowerment and recognition Table 1. Mediation Approaches

Mediation has become a competition among brands vying for distinction based more on market concerns than genuine difference. This is not a positive development for a professional field of endeavor. Mediation has much more to offer than competing claims of superiority that attempt to deride and disparage the competition. This article, which is written from a sociological viewpoint, challenges these claims and suggests that the mediation community should develop instead a broader integrated approach to mediation that is pragmatic, flexible, open-source, and based on a robust theoretical foundation.

Background: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among incarcerated adult men and women is three-four times higher than in the general population, ranging from 70-80%. However, little is known about factors associated with smoking among incarcerated adolescents, especially upon their re-entry into communities after release from jail. The current study explores factors associated with smoking among adolescent males prior to incarceration and one year after their release from jail. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Returning Educated African-American and Latino Men to Enriched Neighborhoods (REAL MEN) study, which was designed to reduce HIV risk, substance use, and recidivism among 16-18 year old males leaving jail. We examined differences between smokers and non-smokers at the time of their incarceration (N = 552) and one year after their release from jail (N = 397) using t-tests and chi-square tests. Using logistic and linear regression we examined factors associated with current smoking status, frequency of smoking, and quantity of cigarettes smoked per day both prior to the young men's incarceration and one year after their release from jail. Results: Prior to incarceration, 62% of the young men reported smoking, and one-year after jail release, 69% reported smoking. Prior to incarceration, foster care history, not living with parents, not attending school, drug sales, number of sex partners, gang involvement, current drug charges, and number of prior arrests were positively associated with smoking indicators prior to incarceration. Having violent charges was inversely associated with smoking indicators prior to incarceration. One-year after release from jail, foster care history and number of prior arrests before the index incarceration were associated with smoking indicators. Conclusions: Several problem behaviors may be associated with adolescent males' smoking behaviors prior to incarceration. However, the young men's histories of difficult life circumstances and engagement in illegal activity may have long-term consequences on smoking for these young men during their transition between jail and community. Findings suggest a need for comprehensive risk reduction interventions in settings in which disadvantaged young men are institutionalized, starting in childhood.

With rising demand for a workforce that can work cross-culturally (Mangan, 2011; Orahood, Woolf, & Kruze, 2008), it is not surprising that study abroad numbers continue to increase to a range of countries, destinations, and program types (Open Doors, 2012). However, while study abroad is often touted as the ideal means to incite linguistic and cultural competence, the reality of student learning is not a given (

The contribution analyses the current Italian prison system, which has been called upon on to resolve its structural problems. The Council of Europe, in fact, in 2013 condemned Italy for inhuman treatment in its prisons. The principal accusation concerns the problem of overcrowding. The country has responded with solutions such as the application of the open system, which provides cells solely for overnight stays, and dynamic monitoring, an effective system for ensuring order in the institutions. These initiatives aim to promote re-educational activities and the social re-integration of prisoners. In addition, Italian institutions have made greater use of alternatives to custodial penalties in order to tackle overcrowding and to provide more opportunities for social re-integration.This contribution focuses on the need to increase prisoners’ employment opportunities. In fact, Italy seems to have neglected this area, which is fundamental for re-integration into the community sphere.

Life can be challenging for single mothers unable to secure employment. However, little is known about the barriers that hinder single mothers’ re-entry into the workforce, more so in the context of urban areas in developing countries, the landscape of which differs from that of rural areas and developed countries. To address this gap, a study was conducted to investigate the barriers that single mothers encounter when re-entering the workforce in urban areas in developing countries, using a survey of 373 single mothers in urban Sarawak, Malaysia, as a case. The findings suggest that single mothers in urban areas considered family reasons as the main barrier to workforce re-entry, followed by work-life balance, personal, and workplace reasons, which remained true regardless of whether single mothers intend or do not intend to return to the workforce. Implications for theory and practice, limitations, and future research directions conclude the article.

Workers may be exposed to pesticide residues when they enter an area that has been previously treated in order to realize different tasks (e.g., for pruning, cutting, picking, harvesting, pest scouting) or to handle a contaminated crop commodity (e.g., sorting, bundling, packing). A review of the scientific literature on workers exposed to pesticide residues during re-entry tasks provides a comprehensive view of possible exposure routes and a better understanding of the risk assessment context, threshold values, and calculation methodology. Methods assessing the risk to workers health are also reported and discussed. The impact of re-entry activities on health and factors affecting workers exposure are examined. Finally, solutions and mitigation measures aiming to reduce their exposure to pesticide residues are recommended.

Released prisoners in Kenya have a 75% likelihood of committing another crime and a 50% probability of going to jail two years after their discharge from prison custody. From the trend of recidivism in Kenya, there are a staggeringly high number of offenders being incarcerated and eventually released back to the community, and the high risk of re-arrest and reincarceration is a concern for policymakers, criminologists and correctional managers. This study examined the influence of offender characteristics, offender reintegration and community perception and attitude regarding recidivism in Kakamega County, Kenya. The study adopted a survey research design. Findings reveal a statistically significant relationship between offender characteristics and recidivism. In addition, offender reintegration and community perception and attitude towards offenders greatly influence recidivism. From the study, it is recommended that the government provide correctional officers with the required resources to use the actuarial risk assessment model. The model is applied to the released offenders to predict the future probability of recidivism. In addition, it is recommended that the government and the various correctional stakeholders come up with an integrated approach that specifically targets successful re-entry of offenders upon release from prison. Finally, it is recommended that the government develop programmes targeting awareness of the community members to desist from stigmatising ex-offenders.

The current study examined the factors that influence the societal dehumanization of offenders, belief in offender redeemability, and support for resource allocation and offender reenfranchisement. Specifically, the study investigated how prison sentence length influences public opinion on these measures. Two hundred and twenty-two individuals participated in this study and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions involving their responses to a vignette depicting an offender having served either five or 15 years. The results revealed that the length of the offender's prison sentence did not impact participants' dehumanization of offenders, belief in their redeemability, or support for reentry services. Separately, the study also examined the role of participants' demographic characteristics. Results indicated that working in law enforcement or human services and having children in the home impacted the participant's level of offender dehumanization, belief in offender redeemability, and support for re-entry services. Several demographic characteristics including: age, marital status, education, income, and sexual orientation influenced only support for reentry services. The findings of the current study indicate that societal dehumanization and restriction of re-entry services is more strongly related to the demographic background of the public than to the characteristics of the offender.

In recent years a new science frontier emerged under the umbrella term of second-order science which creates new and challenging problems through a characteristic re-entry-operation like in pattern of patterns, learning of learning, cybernetics of cybernetics or logic of logic, which works with and on building blocks or elements of traditional or first-order scientific research and which, due to this re-entry configuration, becomes inherently reflexive. In this article I will pursue the ambitious goal to develop a general methodology for second-order science which is needed for second-order analyses from their initial stages up to the final steps. This general methodology will be framed as a sequence of recombination operations which become the central task for a particular step in the design of second-order investigations.

In recent years a new science frontier emerged under the umbrella term of second-order science which creates new and challenging problems through a characteristic re-entry-operation like in pattern of patterns, learning of learning, cybernetics of cybernetics or logic of logic, which works with and on building blocks or elements of traditional or first-order scientific research and which, due to this re-entry configuration, becomes inherently reflexive. In this article I will pursue the ambitious goal to develop a general methodology for second-order science which is needed for second-order analyses from their initial stages up to the final steps. This general methodology will be framed as a sequence of recombination operations which become the central task for a particular step in the design of second-order investigations.