Rating System

We present a new system for rating the playing strength of table-tennis players. The system is based on Bayesian principles and is designed to handle a large changing population of players, where some players play frequently whereas other players play infrequently. The system takes into account the length of time since a player last played a tournament. When processing matches in a single tournament, the system takes into account how a player's opponents did in the same tournament. The system has been tested by processing data from 5½ years of tournaments (15549 players and 330079 matches). The system could be adapted to other sports that involve head-to-head competition.

We also thank selected child care providers, children, and parents who are participating in the PTQ Evaluation research. To the extent this evaluation benefits child care in Indiana, those in child care centers, homes, and ministries are the most important contributors and beneficiaries.

We also thank the child care providers, children, and parents who are participating in the PTQ evaluation research. To the extent this evaluation benefits child care in Indiana, those in child care centers, homes, and ministries are the most important contributors and beneficiaries. Phase 2 Evaluation Methods and Measures Manual 11 Table 1: Phase 2 Evaluation Schedule General Activities Timeline Plan evaluation in consultation with Evaluation Committee.

The issue of subjectivity in assigning weights for the domains and aspects in sustainability rating systems has not received much attention, and is hence explored in this study. A survey carried out among building construction sector professionals in a particular national context sought relative weights for various domains and aspects. Both direct ranking and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods were used. Reasonable agreement, with some differences, was found among architects, engineers and quantity surveyors on the relative weights for the six domains of Site, Energy efficiency, Water efficiency, Materials, Indoor environmental quality and Waste & Pollution; and also for the aspects. The overall domain weights were compared with those assigned in eight other rating systems, originating from eight different countries. While the Sri Lankan survey assigned the highest weight for the Site domain (with Energy efficiency a close second), in most other systems the Energy efficiency domain was top ranked. Relevant national indicators were chosen for 3 of the 6 domains, and the values of these indicators for the 9 countries were compared with the varying weights for the corresponding domains in the rating systems originating from those countries. Good correlation was found between the indicators and the weights.

This paper summarizes the results of applying load rating process that has been applied to Halfaya Bridge over the main Nile in Khartoum, Sudan. Load rating procedures have reviewed as per Manual of Bridge Evaluationof AASHTO Standards. Three levels of H/Y live loadings have been considered. AASHTO HL-93 is used for design load rating. For Legal load rating the Sudanese legal loads - as per Sudan National Highway Authorityare considered. Permit load rating process has been made using actual special heavy truck used in Sudan during the last 20 years .The rating process has been made on the assumption that the capacity of the main structural element of the bridge, which is Girder type II Composite Steel Ibeams, had been decreased with different percentage from 10%up to 20%, due to different factors. Suitable software, CSi Bridge, has been used for calculations and the results are presented. The paper predicted the load rating factors for the composite steel I-beams of the bridge- mome...

This research presents a quantitative method to assess resilience at the state level. The approach introduced in this work is an evolution of the risk assessment concept. Risk is mainly a function of vulnerability, hazard, and exposure; on the other hand, resilience focuses more on the internal characteristics of a system rather than its vulnerability. To tackle this difference, a new formulation has been introduced for the evaluation of resilience. In this formulation, resilience is a function of hazard, exposure, and intrinsic resilience. Generally, intrinsic resilience deals with the internal characteristics of a system, and it differs from the traditional resilience index that takes into account external factors in its assessment, such as the disaster intensity and the level of exposure. The paper also provides a method to compute the intrinsic resilience of countries. This method is based on the data provided by Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), which is a work developed by the United Nations (UN). HFA evaluates the inherent resilience of countries based on a number of equally weighted indicators. However, further analysis has shown that the contribution made by each of those indicators toward the intrinsic resilience is different. This discrepancy has necessitated weighting the indicators based on their individual contribution towards the intrinsic resilience. To do that, we introduce the Dependence Tree Analysis (DTA). DTA is a method that determines the correlation between a component and its subcomponents (i.e., between intrinsic resilience and its indicators), enabling us to orderly allocate new weights to the indicators to obtain a more representative output for the intrinsic resilience. Finally, a case study composed of 37 states has been conducted in order to illustrate the methodology in all details. Both intrinsic resilience and resilience indexes for each of the states were assessed. This was followed by a comparative analysis in order to test the applicability of the methodology, and the results were in line with the predictions.

District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned through the heat sales. Due to the changed climate conditions and building renovation policies, heat demand in the future could decrease, prolonging the investment return period. The main scope of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the heat demand -outdoor temperature function for heat demand forecast. The district of Alvalade, located in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665 buildings that vary in both construction period and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district renovation scenarios were developed (shallow, intermediate, deep). To estimate the error, obtained heat demand values were compared with results from a dynamic heat demand model, previously developed and validated by the authors. The results showed that when only weather change is considered, the margin of error could be acceptable for some applications (the error in annual demand was lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation scenarios, the error value increased up to 59.5% (depending on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered). The value of slope coefficient increased on average within the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the decrease in the number of heating hours of 22-139h during the heating season (depending on the combination of weather and renovation scenarios considered). On the other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per decade (depending on the coupled scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, and improve the accuracy of heat demand estimations.

The research team is also grateful to Jackeline Murillo Hoyos for carrying out the initial part of the analysis. The Joint Transportation Research Program serves as a vehicle for INDOT collaboration with higher education institutions and industry in Indiana to facilitate innovation that results in continuous improvement in the planning, design, construction, operation, management and economic efficiency of the Indiana transportation infrastructure. Published reports of the Joint Transportation Research Program are available at . The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views and policies of the Indiana Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. The report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation.

Background. Historical records of fire weather phenomena provide valuable insights into spatial and temporal trends which can inform further research and are important tools for planning. Aims. We outline a 19-year climatology of a Research Prototype (AFDRS RP ), of the new Australian Fire Danger Rating System, documenting its spatial and temporal characteristics. Methods. The analysis utilises the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's high-resolution reanalysis suite (BARRA), together with fuel data provided by Australian fire agencies. We examine the spatial and temporal distribution of the AFDRS RP . Distributions are categorised by fuel type, analysing relative variability across time and space. Key results. The results validate the broad behaviour of the new system and provide insight into the variation of fire danger throughout Australia, adding detail to the understanding of timing of peak fire danger both diurnally and annually. Conclusions. While the AFDRS RP differs from the operational system in its fire danger rating categories and tuning of algorithms, it nonetheless provides useful insights into the operational implementation. Implications. These results will be essential for planning during fire seasons.

Background. Fire danger rating systems are used daily across Australia to support fire management operations and communications to the general public regarding potential fire danger. Aims. In this paper, we introduce the Australian Fire Danger Rating System (AFDRS), providing a short historical account of fire danger rating in Australia as well as the requirements for an improved forecast system. Methods. The AFDRS combines nationally consistent, spatially explicit fuel information with forecast weather and advanced fire behaviour models and knowledge to produce locally relevant ratings of fire behaviour potential. Key results. A well-defined framework is essential for categorising and defining fire danger based on operational response, the potential for impact and observable characteristics of fire incidents. The AFDRS is modular, supporting continuous and incremental improvements and allowing upgrades to components in response to new science. Conclusions. The AFDRS provides a new method to estimate fire danger based on the best available fire behaviour models, leading to potentially significant improvements in the way fire danger is calculated, forecast and interpreted. Implications. The Australian Fire Danger Rating System was implemented in 2022, the most significant change to fire danger forecasting in Australia in more than 50 years.

In this article the algorithms of creation of the rating of stock market analytical automated systems are proposed. They are based on Zahedi's analytic hierarchy process modification in which triangular fuzzy numbers are used to transform qualitative expert estimations into quantitative ones. An example of practical using of these algorithms is considered.

The achievements of the palm oil industry as a strategic commodity of Indonesia need to be followed in responsibility, efficiency and sustainability. Indonesia government continues to encourage oil palm industry to obey in pollution reduction, environmental management, and implementation of standards for palm oil plantation to reduce environment impacts, climate change, biodiversity and tropical forests protection. The Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER) seeks to harmonize aspects through increasing capability in reporting and competent and certified human resources. This research was conducted through observation, interviews, and integrating LCA in the PROPER program to assist in the development of scientific data on emissions and can be accounted. Life cycle assessment (LCA) provides an overview of used natural resources, waste disposal to environment, evaluating and applying continuous improvements. Total emissions as output of the palm oil industry must...

Green buildings are becoming an essential part of sustainable development. There have been several research trends for green buildings since 1995. The present study presents a roadmap for green/sustainable research trends and proposes a new green building rating system for existing buildings. A questionnaire was established and answered by experts, where answers were analyzed using the decision-making tool Analytical Hierarchy Process. Analytical Hierarchy Process is responsible for weighing and ranking the weights of alternatives. A novel checklist for existing buildings was structured and consisted of seven main categories, each comprised of different subcategories with different weights according to their importance and priority. The newly proposed rating system and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) for maintenance and renovations were both used to evaluate a Nile University building in Egypt in order to identify how the environment affects the results of each ...

Distal femoral fractures are difficult to treat and ideal treatment of such fractures will include anatomical reduction, rigid fixation of articular surfaces and early mobilization of knee joint. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the end results of surgical management of fracture of distal end of femur using the D.C.S, L.C.D.C.P, L.C.P, Nail and other surgical modalities and anlayse the complications and the causes of fractures. Materials and methods: A Retrospective Study of 30 patients were evaluated from tertiary hospital for a period of Dec 2014 to June 2017. There were 30 fractures in 30 patients involving the distal femur, which were treated either surgically by internal fixation or conservatively by POP application or skeletal traction, 26 cases were treated surgically and 4 were treated conservatively. Results: At the end of study, the cases were followed up for an average period of 7.4 months (range of 6-22 months) and functional results were evaluated using Neer's et al 1 . rating system. Overall 9 cases (30%) had excellent rating, 14 cases (45%) had satisfactory rating and 7 cases (25%) had unsatisfactory. Conclusion; Fractures of distal femur can be very effectively treated by surgical methods. The satisfactory osteosynthesis of fractures and stable osteosynthesis is achieved by the right approach and correct surgical technique.

The topic of sustainable development has become extremely important in the
agendas of countries at different levels and stages of progress. Almost every
development plan emphasizes the need to consider environmental protection
and natural resources by conducting prior studies on the potential impact on
the present and future of regions. This is particularly evident in urban areas, as
cities have become increasingly exploited by humans, with the urban population
and urbanization rates growing annually. This has led to the concept of seeking
sustainable cities that ensure a decent standard of living for people and
safeguard the future generations without harming the environment and its
components. This study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses regarding
the reality and challenges of sustainable development in Algerian cities, which
face numerous difficulties and obstacles at all levels, hindering the desired
urban quality of life for its citizens. The study highlights ten fundamental
weaknesses related to the public policy pursued by local authorities, which
have contributed to the deterioration of the urban environment in most Algerian
cities, posing an imminent threat to the general living framework. It emphasizes
the urgent need to adopt a clear policy based on restoring the present and
protecting the future to preserve the rights of future generations. The study
relied on the descriptive analytical approach through field observation as well
as interviews with various actors in the field of sustainable development in
various Algerian cities, with a focus on the components of local civil society.
The study concludes that it is necessary to adopt a long-term development plans
that involve all stakeholders, including the civil society, universities, research
centers, and various media to meet present requirements without compromising
the needs of future generations

The topic of sustainable development has become extremely important in the agendas of countries at different levels and stages of progress. Almost every development plan emphasizes the need to consider environmental protection and natural resources by conducting prior studies on the potential impact on the present and future of regions. This is particularly evident in urban areas, as cities have become increasingly exploited by humans, with the urban population and urbanization rates growing annually. This has led to the concept of seeking sustainable cities that ensure a decent standard of living for people and safeguard the future generations without harming the environment and its components. This study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses regarding the reality and challenges of sustainable development in Algerian cities, which face numerous difficulties and obstacles at all levels, hindering the desired urban quality of life for its citizens. The study highlights ten fundamental weaknesses related to the public policy pursued by local authorities, which have contributed to the deterioration of the urban environment in most Algerian cities, posing an imminent threat to the general living framework. It emphasizes the urgent need to adopt a clear policy based on restoring the present and protecting the future to preserve the rights of future generations. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach through field observation as well as interviews with various actors in the field of sustainable development in various Algerian cities, with a focus on the components of local civil society. The study concludes that it is necessary to adopt a long-term development plans that involve all stakeholders, including the civil society, universities, research centers, and various media to meet present requirements without compromising the needs of future generations

يعد انترنت الأشياء هو أحد أهم ركائز الثورة الصناعية الرابعة، التي تسعى لإحداث تطورات تكنولوجية كبيرة في مختلف المجالات، ويساهم هذا التطور في تقديم تقنيات وحلول جديدة للحفاظ على البيئة وتحقيق الاستدامة. ومن ثم استهدف هذا البحث دراسة العلاقات المباشرة وغير المباشرة لسمات منتجات انترنت الأشياء المتمثلة في (الاتصال، التفاعل، الشعور بالوجود، الذكاء، الراحة، الامان) على رفاهية العميل من خلال توسيط القيمة المدركة لعملاء الأجهزة المنزلية الذكية في مصر. واعتمدت الدراسة على قائمة استقصاء عبر الانترنت online survey لجمع بيانات الدراسة بالاعتماد على العينة الميسرة، وقد بلغت عدد القوائم الصحيحة 416 قائمة، وتم تطبيق أسلوب نمذجة المعادلة الهيكلية بالمربعات الصغرى الجزئية PLS-SEM لاختبار فروض الدراسة عن طريق استخدام البرنامج الإحصائي smart PLS.4.

وأشارت النتائج إلى وجود تأثير معنوي إيجابي تأثير معنوي إيجابي لسمات منتجات انترنت الاشياء المتمثلة في (الشعور بالوجود، الراحة، الامان) على رفاهية العميل، كما توصلت لوجود ‌تأثير ‌معنوي ‌إيجابي‌ مباشر لسمات منتجات انترنت الاشياء المتمثلة في (الاتصال والشعور بالوجود والراحة، الامان) على القيمة المدركة للعميل. وأكدت النتائج وجود تأثير معنوي إيجابي للقيمة المدركة للعميل على رفاهية العميل. بالإضافة إلى وجود تأثير معنوي إيجابي غير مباشر لسمات منتجات انترنت الأشياء (الاتصال، الشعور بالوجود، الراحة، الأمان) على رفاهية العميل عند توسيط القيمة المدركة للعميل. وفي ضوء ما أسفرت عنه الدراسة من نتائج، فقد اقترحت الباحثة مجموعة من التوصيات التي يمكن أن تسهم في بناء وتعزيز القيمة المدركة وتحقيق رفاهية العملاء.

Previous studies have consistently demonstrated the brain's limitations when handling multiple tasks simultaneously. As Winston (2020) notes, the human brain has "only one language processor" (p. 83), highlighting the cognitive challenges of multitasking, particularly with linguistic tasks. This finding is supported by Hermer-Vazquez et al. (1999), who argue that humans possess only one language processor, which becomes "easily jammed" when attempting to perform two language-based tasks concurrently. These insights challenge the common perception that multitasking enhances productivity, suggesting instead that it may result in cognitive overload and reduced efficiency. This study investigates the dilemma of multitasking, particularly in academic environments, where students increasingly divide their attention between educational content and digital distractions. Multitasking is associated with reduced attention span, poorer academic performance, and long-term cognitive impairments. Although multitasking allows individuals to manage multiple demands in real time, the cognitive costs outweigh these perceived benefits. By consolidating existing literature through an archival research strategy, this study examines the hidden cognitive costs of multitasking and provides practical strategies to mitigate these effects. The findings are particularly relevant for educators, policymakers, and students who face the challenges of shrinking attention spans and declining academic performance in the age of digital distraction. This research seeks to interpret the cognitive impacts of multitasking by synthesizing key findings from existing studies. Rather than collecting new data, the focus is on understanding how multitasking affects brain function and academic performance through a theoretical framework that assumes multitasking imposes significant cognitive costs, particularly in areas like attention, memory, and executive function. These assumptions are tested against established empirical evidence. The study employs an archival research method, analyzing secondary data from published studies. Synthesizing qualitative findings provides a comprehensive view of how multitasking influences cognitive functions. The research highlights patterns and trends in cognitive decline associated with multitasking, making it relevant to both academic and professional contexts. This study contributes uniquely by offering practical solutions, including focused engagement and monotasking techniques, which can be readily applied in various settings to mitigate multitasking's negative effects.

The article deals with the problems of increasing the efficiency of enterprises and developing a system for assessing the rating of employees of an enterprise. Aspects of motivation for compliance with standards by employees and structural divisions are also considered; they were studied because employees are the main driving force of any enterprise. In order to properly evaluate it, many companies need rating systems. In this article, the authors conducted a study and developed a software package for assessing employees of an enterprise. This article describes how to develop a ranking prediction system. MongoDB is used as a database, as the fastest way to innovate, providing the flexibility and ease of use of a database.

Several rating tools have been developed to evaluate the green building compliance for any construction work. Based on the compliances of set parameters as defined by green rating systems, a building is certified as green-rated with a certain level of certification. However, even after strict compliances of rating systems a large quantum of construction waste still getting diverted to landfills. Zero waste construction is one of the most effective approaches for this problem, which focus on reducing waste through reuse and recycling across the building life cycle. In this study, we critically evaluated the efficacy of these green rating systems both for developed and developing countries towards the zero-waste approach. It was found that in most cases even if a building is rated with a top-level certification by a green rating system, then also a large quantum of waste could have been generated during its construction and even at end-of-life demolition phases. This is mainly due to the missing application of green rating systems for achieving zero waste generation. Though these green rating systems also defined mandatory check credit points those are also limited to reduce the impact of waste to a certain level only. To overcome this problem, these rating systems must have a set of mandatory credit points leading to zero-waste construction, reduction, reuse and recycle of waste. This study will assist stakeholders in right selection of rating tool and will also lay the path for green rating agencies to refine their credit rating towards zero waste construction.

Given that floods cause the greatest economic impact and affect more communities annually than any other natural hazard, there is a compelling need to better understand how communities can enhance their resilience to future flood disasters. One mechanism for enhancing communities' resilience to future flood disasters is through participation in the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Community Rating System (CRS). The CRS is a federal voluntary program that incentivizes communities in the United States to implement floodplain management activities that exceed those required under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). In exchange for engaging in additional floodplain management activities, policyholders residing in CRS-participating communities receive discounts in their flood insurance premiums. To better understand the factors driving CRS participation, this study uses propensity score matching to match 100 randomly selected CRS participating communities with 100 non-CRS participating communities. Data gathered from CRS coordinators and floodplain managers indicate several factors are responsible for why communities participate, continue to participate, or do not participate the CRS. The main reason for participating in the CRS and continuing to participate is the reduction in flood insurance premiums, while the main reason for not joining the CRS is lack of resources (staff, funding, and time).

Countries face challenges in changing their risky and costly systems of fossil fuel usageinto sustainable development. So many communit ies started using Neighborhood sustainability assessment tools since the turn of 21 st century. Countries utilize these tools to measure their success in approaching sustainable development goals. Each tool is accommodated to suite its environment. For examp le, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)Rat ing System is concerned on energy and gives lower value to water while Green Pyramid Rating System (GPRS) does exactly the opposite. On the other hand there isn't a comprehensive neighborhoodrating system in Egypt. This paper proposed a Green Pyramid Neighborhood Rating System, which is based on the original GPRS to assess zero energy concepts on neighborhood level counting building, infrastructure, street network, sidewalks, facilit ies and commun ity development. This rating system can help architects in designing sustainable communit ies by defining the weight of every category and point.

Bridges play a crucial role in connecting various routes and water bodies, necessitating regular monitoring to prevent potential hazards and losses due to deterioration. In Indonesia employs the Bridge Management System (BMS) for decision-making regarding maintenance, repair, and replacement activities, its reliance on a limited set of criteria may lead to uncertainties in bridge condition assessmsents. This study explores the Sufficiency Rating (SR) method as an alternative for assessing bridge feasibility. By considering multiple factors, including structural adequacy, serviceability, functionality, and public interest, the SR method offers a comprehensive approach to bridge evaluation. An analysis of the Mungkung Overpass on the Ngawi Kertasono toll road was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the SR method. The findings classified the bridge as excellent, indicating no immediate need for treatment. However, the SR method has limitations, particularly in visually assessing damage to superstructure and substructure elements, which may introduce subjectivity. Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing development of bridge assessment methodologies in Indonesia, aiming to enhance decision-making processes and ensure the safety and longevity of bridge infrastructure. After analyzing the data obtained through the implementation of the SR method, it was revealed that S1 achieved a value of 45%, S2 achieved 23%, S3 achieved 12.7%, and S4 achieved 6%. The total actual value of the four parameters calculated based on the SR method was 74.7%, with a difference of 25.3% from the maximum value. These findings clearly illustrated that the bridge satisfied the criteria for deficiency, thereby necessitating comprehensive rehabilitation measures to be undertaken. ` This is an open access article under the CC-BY license.

Sunlight is a known skin carcinogen. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in humans, and typically affects sun-exposed parts of the body. Sunny Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence of skin cancer globally. Clothing provides a protective barrier that reduces the amount of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the skin. Australia pioneered the development of a relative ranking of the sun-protective capabilities of clothing based on the transmission of UVR through fabric. Standardized Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) measurement procedures and associated labeling specifications are documented in the Australian and New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 4399:1996. The standard was intended to enable consumers to make informed choices. Since its introduction, this standard has been adopted almost universally by the textile industry, and is still in use almost two decades on, with plans to revise it only commencing recently. However, AS/NZS 4399:1996 does not consider garment design, particularly in relation to body surface coverage. Although swim-shirts have grown in popularity in Australia since the late 1990s, particularly among children, clothing remains under-utilized as a form of sun-protection in contemporary society. Skin cancer prevention campaigns should emphasize the sun-protective benefits of clothing and collaboration with the fashion industry is urgently needed to improve the aesthetic appeal, comfort, durability and affordability of sun-protective clothing to increase its popularity in skin cancer prone populations. In light of recent evidence showing that high UPF clothing which covers more of the body surface reduces pigmented mole development in children (major risk factor for melanoma), the rating system for sun-protective clothing should incorporate body surface covered as well as the UPF of the fabric. We discuss progress towards developing a protocol for measuring the extent of coverage of sun-protective garments. Once fully evaluated and refined, the testing protocol developed from this research may influence future revisions of international standards for evaluating and classifying sun-protective clothing.

Objective: To develop and implement a system for rating state clean indoor air laws. Design: The public health interest of state clean indoor air laws is to limit non-smoker exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Current estimates of health risks and methods available for controlling ETS provided a framework for devising a ratings scale. An advisory committee applied this scale to each of seven site specific smoking restrictions and two enforcement related items. For each item, a target score of +4 was identified. The nine items were then combined to produce a summary score for each state. A state that achieved the target across all nine items would receive a summary score of 36 points and be eligible to receive an additional 6 points for exceeding the target on six of the nine items, resulting in a maximum summary score of 42 points. Individual scores were also adjusted to reflect state level preemption measures. Each state's law was evaluated annually from 1993 through 1999. Setting: USA. Main outcome measure: A summary score measuring the extensiveness of the state's clean indoor air law. Results: State laws restricting smoking in the seven individual locations of interest were relatively weak.

Most of the cities of today’s world are facing issues of cleanliness on its streets, footpaths, public places etc. In spite of efforts from civic authorities / local administration, cities are getting dirty day by day. Citizens who pay heavy taxes for cleanliness and hygiene largely remain unsatisfied for most of the time with the authorities. Today, most of the governments in developed countries have taken one or other initiative to empower the citizens through extensive utilization of Information Technology. The proposed system “SUCHITRa” is conceptualized to empower citizens to rate the cleanliness at public places in India, make aware the responsible local authorities of places requiring immediate attention for cleaning. It will also assist the local authorities in resources optimization and rank their own administrative areas to identify un-cleaned spots and assess the success of their own cleanliness initiatives. Third party is added to have an unbiased rating of the cleanline...

Employer rating platforms are an important platform for potential candidates to collect and provide information about employer. The research investigates the reason to use employer rating platforms by individuals. The focus is on the factor trust for employment rating platforms Trust is important for the exchange of information and use of employer rating platforms. This paper evaluates the factor of trust for the use of employment rating platforms. The analysis of empirical data obtained in survey has been processed with statistical analysis. The research has been done by survey with 514 participants who are living in Germany. The research provide the result that the use of employer rating platforms depends on demographic factors and there is a weak tendency that people trust employer rating platforms and they are aware that they can be manipulated with the information at employer rating platforms.

Since the last decade, the Egyptian government has established several social housing projects to meet the growing demand for real estate and solve the housing problem nationwide (Saftawy 2019). Among these housing projects is the "Housing and Development Bank" project in New Damietta, which targets the middle and low-income social housing category. The existing residential units are currently fully finished and ready for use, and all electrical installations and internal and external lamps are almost uniform and pre-installed for all residential units. This study examines the performance of the design of external lighting and its health impact on some residents of residential units within it in the case of the study and also examines the performance of interior lighting design (new 2022). During the past years, the importance of hygienic design of buildings has emerged after the increasing phenomenon of sick building syndrome (Ashour 2014), which led to a decline in the productivity of users and affected their physical and mental performance. Because of the design of the buildings in which they work/reside. In the beginning the interest was It focuses on administrative and office buildings because the productivity of employees was translated directly into profits for employers, but later the importance of healthy design of residential buildings appeared, as the productivity of the employee is affected by the factors that affect the quality of his sleep and life in the hours spent at home also before arriving at work, hence the need for an approved evaluation standard that evaluates the performance of buildings in terms of health and its impact on the health, performance and psychology of users. The WELL Rating System, launched by IWBI (International WELL Building Institute) in 2017 (IWBI Delos Living LLC 2016), and the research measurement tool "WELL v2 Rating System", released in 2020, are released as the second version of WELL Building Standard TM. The research problem lies in the architects' disregard for the question of the effect of night outdoor lighting on the interior spaces of the rooms facing them when studying and designing residential projects (Bunjongjit and Ngaopitakkul 2018) social in the study area. The problem also came in the failure to evaluate the lighting design with the WELL classification system INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING AND URBAN RESEARCH PRINT

This paper theoretically investigates whether compensating a credit rating agency (CRA) with an upfront fee, rather than a rating contingent fee, can improve rating quality. I show that an upfront fee delivers the same rating quality as the rating contingent fee if the CRA sets its rating policy before the issuer solicits a rating, whereas it can potentially improve quality if the rating policy is set only after a rating is solicited. These results suggest that the ''Franken Amendment'' that has been removed from the Dodd-Frank Act might be crucial for the proposed upfront fee regime to improve rating quality.

We introduce a new rating system for tracking the development of parameters based on a stream of observations. Rating systems are applied in competitive games, adaptive learning systems, and platforms for product and service ratings. We model each observation as an outcome of a game of chance that depends on the parameters of interest (e.g., the outcome of a chess game depends on the abilities of the two players). Determining the probabilities of the different game outcomes is conceptualized as an urn problem, where a rating is represented by a proportion of colored balls in an urn. This setup allows for evaluating the standard errors of the ratings and performing statistical inferences about the development of and relations between parameters. Theoretical properties of the system in terms of the invariant distributions of the ratings and their convergence are derived. The properties of the rating system are illustrated with simulated examples and its potential for answering researc...

The research report titled "Determination of Decision Support Systems Rating Event In Karysma Fm Radio Boyolali" karysma fm radio Boyolali help to determine the rating the show so it can determine advertising rates accordingly. To achieve maximum benefit based on advertising rates are adjusted with a rating event, we used Multiple Linear Regression method. Multiple Linear Regression methods were used to predict Y if all the independent variables are known. In this case study, the method used to determine the size of the rating event. While the event rating was measured by segmenting the event. The system uses PHP as the programming language and the MySQL database as a store, where there are 8 tables that airtime, program type, type of music, advertising rates, users, analysis, coefficients, and graphic rating. The research is expected to assist in determining the rating event marketing to support decision-making advertising tariff. The application program only helps to provide input to the marketing, but the decision remains in the hands of the marketing.

As the world moves toward a more sustainable future, the concept of circular economy in the building industry and its evaluation is attracting more and more attention. This study reviews existing building assessment systems from a circular economy perspective, such as LEED, BREEAM, DGNB and SBToolCZ. Since these programs were developed using different approaches, the idea of developing a single comprehensive rating system was put forward. Thus, based on the analyzed criteria of the rating systems, we selected the most relevant ones for our study with a focus on building systems and materials from a circular economy perspective and developed a universal set of key indicators for office building design. This set of criteria was tested on a specific building case study, evaluating its circularity and the effectiveness of the proposed design. The building received a score of 18.1 out of a possible 40 points. In the end, improvements were suggested, after which the overall credit score could be increased by 25%. This study underscores the importance of promoting circularity in the construction industry by requiring a comprehensive rating system that addresses the unique challenges and opportunities of the sector.

In 2003, a joint effort between the Swedish government, a number of companies in the building and construction sectors, some municipalities, insurance companies and banks set a target that by 2009, all new buildings and 30% of existing Swedish buildings should be rated using a voluntary environmental rating tool. In a major research programme finished in 2008, a tool was developed to be used in this context. The tool covers three assessment areas: Energy, Indoor environment and Material & Chemicals. These areas are split into 11 aspects with one or a few indicators. Rating criteria are specified for each indicator, stipulating requirements for a rating Gold, Silver, Bronze and Rated. Indicator results can then be aggregated to aspect, area and a single rating for building level for enhanced result communication. The tool builds on previous experiences regarding environmental building rating tools and therefore includes some special characteristics which aim to tackle some of the criticism directed towards the first generation of such tools. At the time of writing, the first buildings have received official ratings and an independent stakeholder group is promoting broader implementation of the tool.

In this paper we examine how well CreditWatch is used by credit rating agencies to balance two conflicting goals: rating timeliness and rating stability. Examining equity market reactions around CreditWatch events in 2002-2005, we find evidence that while CreditWatch has improved rating timeliness, its intended purpose has not been completely achieved. Equity prices start to change days before companies are listed on CreditWatch and abnormal equity returns of firms prior to being listed on CreditWatch are effective predictors of the ultimate change in ratings. The findings in the study suggest that in the pursuit of rating stability, rating agencies may have sacrificed rating timeliness.

The article deals with the problems of increasing the efficiency of enterprises and developing a system for assessing the rating of employees of an enterprise. Aspects of motivation for compliance with standards by employees and structural divisions are also considered; they were studied because employees are the main driving force of any enterprise. In order to properly evaluate it, many companies need rating systems. In this article, the authors conducted a study and developed a software package for assessing employees of an enterprise. This article describes how to develop a ranking prediction system. MongoDB is used as a database, as the fastest way to innovate, providing the flexibility and ease of use of a database.

Similar to many fast growing countries, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed fast population and urbanization growth. The building sector accounts for a major share of its electricity consumption, reaching up to 70%. To encourage sustainable development and reduce energy consumption and emissions, the government introduced a sustainability initiative called "Estidama", which employs the use of the Pearl Building Rating System (PBRS). Government buildings, which constitute 20% of the built environment, aim to lead the way, and are therefore required to attain a high level of achievement, based on their PBRS ranking (minimum of two out of five pearls). Schools, led by Abu Dhabi Educational Council (ADEC), are governmental buildings and aim to attain a higher level of achievement (three out of five pearls). The ADEC plans to build one hundred schools to be built by 2020, through its Future Schools Program. Over half of the schools have been completed, but only 20% reached the targeted rating (of three out of five pearls). The Renewable Energy (RE) application in the UAE is minimal, although it represents 25% of the local rating code. The objective of this paper is to explore the sustainable performance of one representative school that did not reach the desired green rating level, with the objective to assess opportunities for an enhanced performance. This is done through testing the performance and the application of three RE systems comprising of photovoltaics (PV) array, an absorption cooling system and a geothermal cooling system through Transient Systems Simulation (TRNSYS) software. Cumulatively, implementation of these options results in RE potentially contributing to 19% of the school's annual energy consumption, enhancing the school's performance by up to 14 additional credit points, and reaching the target level of achievement (a three pearl rating). Furthermore, system integration of RE into the existing school were also considered. Results indicate the significant potential of integrating RE systems in future schools in hot climatic contexts, for an improved energy performance.

Sustainability in the built environment is often judged by the presence and type of third-party sustainability assessment programs. Third-party rating systems offer independent and verifiable point-based metric systems to assess a building's adherence to a set of sustainable building principles. This study assesses mass timber structures' relationship to third-party rating systems in order to determine how sustainable mass timber structures are. A regression analysis of 370 completed commercial mass timber structures across the U.S. provides strong evidence that mass timber structures correlate with the presence of third-party rating systems, especially LEED. The data shows the presence of third-party certifications in over 36% of projects, a vast majority (64%) being LEED certified. Results highlight the overwhelming percentage of mass timber structures deciding to pursue sustainability certifications. Importantly, researchers gain additional building attribute knowledge relative to this new structural technology.

The goal of the energy transition in Germany is to achieve a sustainable supply of energy. Providing advice for decision-makers, either to continue the current transition pathway or to implement strategic adjustments requires a comprehensive decision support tool. The authors have developed a Sustainability Indicator System (SIS) consisting of 45 indicators that are described in detail in 45 factsheets to assess if policy measures implemented so far by the Federal Government are appropriate and sufficient to achieve the energy policy and sustainability targets defined. Given that at least five years of data were available, the assessment was carried out with the distance-to-target method assuming a linear development of the trend line until 2020 and aligned with a traffic light colour code. The results show that about a half of the assessed indicators are rated with a red traffic light. This means that the targets for these indicators will not be achieved by 2020 without substantial modifications of political strategies and measures implemented so far. The SIS enables the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the energy system and its transition as well as a systematic analysis of interdependencies and conflicts of goals between sustainability aspects and indicators. Based on this orientation knowledge, resilient political strategies for a successful energy transition can be developed. 10. Sustainable development of man-made, human and knowledge capital 11. Equal access for all to information, education and occupation 12. Participation in societal decisionmaking processes 13. Conservation of cultural heritage and cultural diversity 14. Conservation of the cultural function of nature 15. Conservation of social resources Conditions to achieve the substantial sustainability 1. Internalization of external social and ecological costs 2. Adequate discounting 3. Limitation of public debt 4. Fair international economic framework conditions 5. Promotion of international cooperation 6. Society's ability to respond 7. Society's ability of reflexivity 8. Society's capability of government 9. Society's ability of self-organization

The High Rate Water Treatment Plant (HR-WTP) system, which is inexpensive, effective and efficient, has been developed to reduce the common operational problems, and also as an alternative for the development of water treatment plant systems capacity in Indonesia. HR-WTP-systems are a recent concept of water treatment plant design where engineering calculations are precise under conditions of operation so that the design can optimize the operation and process of the unit. HR-WTP-system is superior to those of conventional WTP-systems in respect to its capacity, performance, as well as operational liability of the system. For this reason, the investment cost is cheaper as compared to those of any other kind conventional WTP-systems. Implementation of HR-WTP-system in up-rating of the Dekeng-WTP system at PDAM Kota Bogor proved successful in increasing the plant capacity from its original of 500 Lps to more than 1200 Lps. Another successful application of HR-WTP-system was experienced in the upgrading and up-rating of the Pedindang-WTP system at PDAM Kota Pangkalpinang where the plant capacity can be increased from its original of 50 Lps to 300 Lps. The performance of the WTP-system was also significantly improved from poor performance to very good performance.The investment cost for uprating proved competitive when compared to alternatively constructing a new WTP-system with an equivalent capacity and performance. Application of HR-WTP-systems for the development of WTPsystem in Indonesia, i.e. rehabilitation, upgrading , and up-rating, as well as construction of a new WTPsystem, is expected to bring technical, financial, and economic benefits. This new approach might be an innovative solution to the challenge of Millennium Development Goals in Water Supply Sector in Indonesia, where an additional capacity of ca 150,000 Lps should be developed within a 15 years period with an estimated budget of US $1.5 billions. This budget might be reduced to less than 50% through the application of the HR-WTP-system.

Simulator-based training assumes a very important role in the maritime domain, particularly in the education of Officers Of the Watch (OOW). In the Portuguese Navy, most of the cadet's skills as future OOW rely on the success of this training. Beyond theory and technical training, the development of nontechnical skills is a key factor for obtaining officers capable of identifying and solving problems. To optimize the training and development of non-technical skills, using the Portuguese Naval Academy Simulator, a previously designed Behavioral Marker System model was further assessed. The revised model, which comprises new parameters such as the effectiveness of the task, was validated through a set of simulated sessions, where 11 instructors and 48 students participated. After each session, data was collected with questionnaires and focus group discussion, focusing on the quality and usability of the model and on the design of the scenario. The results show that the revised model, positively addresses the limitations found on the previous version, and it has received encouraging feedback from both instructors and cadets. This new model is now under implementation in all the Naval Academy course programs, and future research aims to digitalize the behavior markers.

The ampacity of a conductor presents the maximum constant current that can be carried<br> through the line without violating safety codes, damaging transmission system components and<br> jeopardizing of transmission network reliability. Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) is a technology used to<br> increase the ampacity of electric overhead transmission lines, taking into consideration real<br> operational conditions. Traditionally, ampacity of transmission lines are seasonally estimated<br> assuming unfavorable weather conditions.

The article provides a brief overview of the most popular scientometric systems. In our opinion scientific papers are one of the main objects of evaluation of researcher’s scientific activity, scientific journals and research organizations. The key idea of the article is description of authors’ viewing to develop the automatic analysis system of scientometric indicators, which are various in structure, systems’ features and construction on their basis of consolidated ratings. The philosophy of the system is providing open data of different scientometric systems.

The Albert Shanker Institute is a nonprofit organization established in 1998 to honor the life and legacy of the late president of the American Federation of Teachers. The organization's by-laws commit it to four fundamental principlesvibrant democracy, quality public education, a voice for working people in decisions affecting their jobs and their lives, and free and open debate about all of these issues. The institute brings together influential leaders and thinkers from business, labor, government, and education from across the political spectrum. It sponsors research, promotes discussions, and seeks new and workable approaches to the issues that will shape the future of democracy, education, and unionism. Many of these conversations are off-the-record, encouraging lively, honest debate and new understandings. These efforts are directed by and accountable to a diverse and distinguished board of directors representing the richness of Al Shanker's commitments and concerns.

The Albert Shanker Institute is a nonprofit organization established in 1998 to honor the life and legacy of the late president of the American Federation of Teachers. The organization's by-laws commit it to four fundamental principlesvibrant democracy, quality public education, a voice for working people in decisions affecting their jobs and their lives, and free and open debate about all of these issues. The institute brings together influential leaders and thinkers from business, labor, government, and education from across the political spectrum. It sponsors research, promotes discussions, and seeks new and workable approaches to the issues that will shape the future of democracy, education, and unionism. Many of these conversations are off-the-record, encouraging lively, honest debate and new understandings. These efforts are directed by and accountable to a diverse and distinguished board of directors representing the richness of Al Shanker's commitments and concerns.

This study described the development of the Social Skills Improvement System Social Emotional Learning Edition Rating Forms (SSIS SEL RF) for teachers, parents, and students. This new multirater assessment is a reconfiguration of the SSIS Rating Scales items inspired by the CASEL Social Emotional Competency framework. The internal structure and score reliability estimates were examined across three raters for a common sample of more than 200 individual children ages 3 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analyses tested against the CASEL five-dimensional SEL theoretical model demonstrated adequate fit for the SSIS SEL Parent and Student RFs and mediocre fit of the Teacher RF. Internal consistency, test-retest, and interrater reliability estimates for scores on each of the SSIS SEL RFs all met or exceeded acceptable criteria. Thus, researchers and practitioners interested in measuring the social–emotional behavior of children ages 3 to 18 can expect reliable scores and structurally meani...