Quantum Coherence

We review recent theoretical and experimental advances in the elucidation of the dynamics of light harvesting in photosynthesis, focusing on recent theoretical developments in structure-based modeling of electronic excitations in photosynthetic complexes and critically examining theoretical models for excitation energy transfer. We then briefly describe two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy and its application to the study of photosynthetic complexes, in particular the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex from green sulfur bacteria. This review emphasizes recent experimental observations of longlasting quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems and the implications of quantum coherence in natural photosynthesis. 241 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2009.60:241-262. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by University of Vienna -Central Library for Physics on 10/19/09. For personal use only. RC: reaction center PPC: pigmentprotein complex EET: excitation energy transfer FMO: Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein of green sulfur bacteria LHCII: the major light-harvesting complex of plants 242 Cheng · Fleming Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2009.60:241-262. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by University of Vienna -Central Library for Physics on 10/19/09. For personal use only. www.annualreviews.org • Light Harvesting in Photosynthesis 243 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2009.60:241-262. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by University of Vienna -Central Library for Physics on 10/19/09. For personal use only.

Electrical circuits can behave quantum mechanically when decoherence induced by uncontrolled degrees of freedom is su ciently reduced. Recently, di erent nanofabricated superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions have achieved a degree of quantum coherence su cient to allow the manipulation of their quantum state with NMR-like techniques. Because of their potential scalability, these quantum circuits are presently considered for implementing quantum bits, which are the building blocks of the proposed quantum processors. We have operated such a Josephson qubit circuit in which a long coherence time is obtained by decoupling the qubit from its readout circuit during manipulation. We report pulsed microwave experiments which demonstrate the controlled manipulation of the qubit state. ?

The rapid and accurate determination of specific metabolites present in biofluids is a very demanding task which is essential in both medicine and chemistry. Lcarnitine (3-hydroxy-4-N-trimethylammonium butyrate) is an important metabolite which participates in a series of biological paths and therefore its determination is of diagnostic importance. A single quantum coherence filtering 1 H NMR methodology was used for the accurate and rapid determination of L-carnitine in human serum samples. The methodology is based on spectral simplification, and specifically on the distinction of the N-methyl proton signal of L-carnitine that is greatly overlapped in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of serum. The quantitative results provided by the proposed method are in excellent agreement with those obtained by the enzymatic method, which is widely used. The proposed method is rapid (~20 min of experimental time), selective, sensitive, and has good analytical characteristics (accuracy, reproducibility). Selected protein precipitation methods were also investigated and sample pretreatment with EtOH is suggested.

Superconductive technology is one of the most promising approaches to quantum computing because it offers devices with little dissipation, ultrasensitive magnetometers, and electrometers for state readout, large-scale-integration, and a family of classical electronics that could be used for quantum bit (qubit) control. The challenges this technology faces, however, are substantial: for example, control of the qubit to a part in 10 4 must be accomplished with analog control pulses. But even after this is done, the accuracy is limited by the unavoidable decay of quantum information in the system. Recent experiments suggest the time over which this decay occurs is <1 s, though it is expected to lengthen as experimental methods improve. A 1-s decay time would mandate a very difficult to achieve maximum time of 100 ps per analog operation. Thus, quantum computing is, simultaneously a promising technology for solving certain very hard problems in computer science and a daunting challenge for those working to develop that technology.

The hyperdimensional Infinite Spiral Staircase Theory (-ISST theory‖) rests on two basic premises. The first one posits a hyperdimension layer in all matter and biomatter systems, from particles to galaxies. The second predicates that, since the hyperdimension is triune, the sub-Planckian and superluminous energy that organizes it is in essence linked to consciousness. ISST theory postulates that all psi phenomena as well as altered states of consciousness instantiate the dynamics of the hyperdimensional syg-energy. Namely, they are driven by attraction, resonance and harmony, and defy locality. This essay trys to tackle the strangest dynamics of heightened consciousness, a type of mind coherence shown in telepathic-harmonic fields, in which a group experiences a shared mind-state, and compare them with the remarkable quantum coherence in Bose-Einstein condensates (-BCEs‖) as well as the resonances and scale-invariance found in natural systems. These dynamics are essentially linked to a higher and more harmonic organizational order, based on wave resonance, whether the atoms' waves all getting in phase and sharing the same quantum state as in BECs, or the periodic and logarithmic recurrence of the frequency of proton at higher scales. The author argues that they instantiate the workings of the enmeshed Rhythm-hyperdimension (hypertime) and Center-hyperdimension (hyperspace). Further, the author will explore a hypothetic texture of the hyperdimension as both layered and honeycombed.

The question: whether quantum coherent states can sustain decoherence, heating and dissipation over time scales comparable to the dynamical timescales of the brain neurons, is actively discussed in the last years. Positive answer on this question is crucial, in particular, for consideration of brain neurons as quantum computers. This discussion was mainly based on theoretical arguments. In present paper nonlinear statistical properties of the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) of genetically depressive limbic brain are studied {\it in vivo} on the Flinders Sensitive Line of rats (FSL). VTA plays a key role in generation of pleasure and in development of psychological drug addiction. We found that the FSL VTA (dopaminergic) neuron signals exhibit multifractal properties for interspike frequencies on the scales where healthy VTA dopaminergic neurons exhibit bursting activity. For high moments the observed multifractal (generalized dimensions) spectrum coincides with the generalized dimensions spectrum calculated for a spectral measure of a {\it quantum} system (so-called kicked Harper model, actively used as a model of quantum chaos). This observation can be considered as a first experimental ({\it in vivo}) indication in the favour of the quantum (at least partially) nature of the brain neurons activity.

For a long time, one of my dreams was to describe the nature of uncertainty axiomatically, and it looks like I've finally done it in my co∼eventum mechanics! Now it remains for me to explain to everyone the co∼eventum mechanics in the most approachable way. This is what I'm trying to do in this work. The co∼eventum mechanics is another name for the co∼event theory, i.e., for the theory of experience and chance which I axiomatized in 2016 [1, 2]. In my opinion, this name best reflects the co∼event-based idea of the new dual theory of uncertainty, which combines the probability theory as a theory of chance, with its dual half, the believability theory as a theory of experience. In addition, I like this new name indicates a direct connection between the co∼event theory and quantum mechanics, which is intended for the physical explanation and description of the conict between quantum observers and quantum observations [4]. Since my theory of uncertainty satises the Kolmogorov axioms of probability theory, to explain this co∼eventum mechanics I will use a way analogous to the already tested one, which explains the theory of probability as a theory of chance describing the results of a random experiment. The simplest example of a random experiment in probability theory is the " tossing a coin ". Therefore, I decided to use this the simplest random experiment itself, as well as the two its analogies: the " "flipping a coin " and the " spinning a coin " to explain the co∼eventum mechanics, which describes the results of a combined experienced random experiment. I would like to resort to the usual for the probability theory " coin-based " analogy to explain (and first of all for myself) the logic of the co∼eventum mechanics as a logic of experience and chance. Of course, this analogy one may seem strange if not crazy. But I did not come up with a better way of tying the explanations of the logic of the co∼eventum mechanics to the coin-based explanations that are commonly used in probability theory to explain at least for myself the logic of the chance through a simple visual " coin-based " model that clarifies what occurs as a result of a combined experienced random experiment in which the experience of observer faces the chance of observation. I hope this analogy can be useful not only for me in understanding the co∼eventum mechanics.

The organism is a dynamic liquid crystalline continuum with coherent motions on every scale. Evidence is presented that biological (interfacial) water, aligned and moving coherently with the macromolecular matrix, is integral to the liquid crystallinity of the organism; and that the liquid crystalline continuum facilitates rapid intercommunication throughout the body, enabling it to function as a perfectly coherent whole.

New evidence indicates that hydrogen is quantum delocalized between neighboring water molecules even in the liquid state, predisposing water to proton conduction, especially in confined nanospaces; water nanotubes aligned by collagen fibers fulfill all the criteria for proton superconduction, making them excellent candidates for the meridians of traditional Chinese medicine, as first proposed 15 years ago.

The Penrose-Hameroff orchestrated objective reduction (orch. OR) model assigns a cognitive role to quantum computations in microtubules within the neurons of the brain. Despite an apparently &quot;warm, wet, and noisy&quot; intracellular milieu, the proposal suggests that microtubules avoid environmental decoherence long enough to reach threshold for &quot;self-collapse&quot; (objective reduction) by a quantum gravity mechanism put forth by Penrose. The model has been criticized as regards the issue of environmental decoherence, and a recent report by Tegmark finds that microtubules can maintain quantum coherence for only 10(-13) s, far too short to be neurophysiologically relevant. Here, we critically examine the decoherence mechanisms likely to dominate in a biological setting and find that (1) Tegmark&#39;s commentary is not aimed at an existing model in the literature but rather at a hybrid that replaces the superposed protein conformations of the orch. OR theory with a soliton ...

Water is more than just atoms and molecules. The precious liquid is a quantum coherent material that may form water neurons, drive engines, infuse live and coud become the coal of the future, as once Jules Verne stated in year 1874.

The Power of Water - A fuel gas made out of it
This gas turns back to water when used in 4 stroke engines. A pollution free fuel that has lots of power. Its structure has still to be defined
and has many names: browns gas, water gas, Knalgas, magnegas. How to produce it in good quality is a task dealing with vibrations. We will describe
some of its properties like density, mass distribution, quantum coherence and ways of producing it.

The Power of Water - Its implications on science and society
What would happen if main topics in our society as health, agriculture, transportation, heating, generation of electricity, etc
were based on new water technologies? Which possibilities do we have right now?

Bullet points 1rst part
Introduction
Water electrolysis
Water Gas
Joe Cell
Combustion Engine
Water cluster structures
Quantum coherence
Results

Bullet points 2nd part
Effects of structured water
Technology implications
Social improvements

Although official statistics challenge the effect of electromagnetic fields on
human health, it is often questioned because of the incontrovertible evidence of increased
incidence of various cancers and skull tumor emergence and development. Exposure to
radio frequency (RF), extremely low frequency (ELF) fields and microwave fields (MW)
by using more often mobile (GSM) and wireless phones and exposure to electromagnetic
fields created by communications antennas prove a causal link between exposure to
electromagnetic fields and various forms of cancers developed. Study of the interaction of
electromagnetic non-ionizing fields (EMF) and living matter and its possible biological
and health effects is currently one of the topics most discussed and controversial, not only
because of its purely scientific interest, but also with reference to its cultural, social and
economic implications.

COVERS  - WORKING WITH THE SIZE OF THE AETHERS
THAT THE PINEAL IS AN ANU, THUS GOD,
HOW THE DARK SIDE COMMUNICATES WITH THEIR MINIONS
HOW THE PINEAL WORKS AND WHY IT WORKS THAT WAY.
HOW TO ACHIEVE ONENESS DIRECTLY VIA YOUR OWN GLOW.
AND, THAT ORGONE WORKS VERY WELL.

Double well potential problem for bound state is a very interesting problem in Quantum Mechanics. This problem is a model problem and is used to describe phenomenon like ammonia flipping, macroscopic tunneling, macroscopic coherence and Bloch waves. Here in our term paper we have tried to solve this problem using WKB Approximation and Instanton Method. Using the results, we have then tried to put light on the above mentioned phenomenons.

Researchers in many fields including cell biology, neuroscience, biomedicine and bioengineering continue to face significant challenges that emerge from the astonishing complexity of living organisms. While a strict mechanistic view of human functioning is becoming a less dominant paradigm there remain myriad questions and difficulties when attempting to bridge the whole with its parts. For example; what is a brain, where does consciousness reside, and what is the unifying intelligence holding the "container" for biological development as the source of self-regulation, self-assembly, maintenance, emergent properties and dynamic biological order? We have reached an unprecedented level of technology where significant amounts of previously unproven information is now measurable under laboratory conditions, together with access to accumulated human knowledge, understanding and experience outside of specialist scientific communities. Yet acknowledgment of many large and still unanswered questions such as those above is noticeably avoided in many published scientific papers. An example which will be covered in some depth is the regular omission of any mention of the role of water in molecular processes, despite all life being predominantly composed of it. When taken in totality the wealth of extensively researched data and experimental and theoretical evidence provides considerable insight into the complex forces and interactions which in together produce the means and energy for life across all scales. A holistic approach from the biophysical perspective stresses is necessary to take a global, systemic, dynamic, self-organizing and energetic view to gain insight into optimal human functioning far beyond the mere absence of disease. Human health emerges from a comprehensively interconnected and unified web, where physiological and psychological subsystems are optimally synchronized and coherent with each other, and across all scales of their environment, in a highly coordinated way. Dysfunction, disease and the effects of aging arise when there is breakdown in this synchronized flow of coherent energy and information.

Everyone knows water is essential for life, and generations of scientists have marvelled at the properties of water that make it especially f t for life. Yet this simple, ubiquitous chemical compound has remained completely mysterious until quite recently. New evidence is beginning to unlock the mysteries. Liquid water is quantum coherent even at ordinary temperatures and pressure. It associates with macromolecules and membranes in a liq-uid crystalline conf guration that enables enzymes and nucleic acids to function as quantum molecular machines that transform and transfer energy at close to 100% eff ciency. Liquid crystalline water at interfaces also provides the excitation energy that enables it to split into hydrogen and oxygen in photosynthesis, simultaneously generat-ing electricity for intercommunication and for the redox chemistry that ultimately powers the entire biosphere. Water is the means, medium and message of life; ‘the rainbow within that mirrors the one in the sky’.

The phenomenon of conscious creation of our realities has been discussed with particular reference to three fundamental quantum mechanics theories known as the Schrodinger Cat Experiment (and its interpretation attributed to Copenhagen), the Many Worlds Theory, and the Young's so-called Double-Slit Experiment. It is elucidated that contrary to our common belief that the macroscopic world pre-exists and has a set reality, as far as the position in time and space is concerned, the quantum mechanics asserts that the position of a particle at the quantum state cannot be determined unless a "measurement" of its position is made. More, specifically the position of a particle in space is defined as a quantum wave function that predicts the probability of a position and not it's certain location. Furthermore, it is clarified that, in reality, the fundamental constituents of matter, the electrons, protons, etc. can have two distinct states of existence: particle and wave forms. While the particulate representation of the constituents of matter within the classical macroscopic theory gives the impression of 'existing' at a particular point in space and time, the wave representation asserts an uncertainty of location (known as "superposition'') at any point in the continuum of time and space, until the entity is 'observed.' In this regard, it ascertains that the act of observation affects the position and the energy of a particle. Therefore, an observer is the most important part of a quantum experiment. And, no observation or 'measurement' can be conducted without sentient consciousness. Thus, it is, ultimately, the consciousness that creates the reality behind positioning of any entity in a continuum of time and space. Simply put, quantities only become actual when they are observed consciously. Particles (electrons, protons, neutrons, etc.) as well as we, pop in and out of existence constantly. And, the destinations are what we refer to as the 'parallel dimensions.' In conclusion, the author strongly agrees with the Physicist David Deutsch's argument in his book The Fabric of Reality that the double-slit experiment is evidence for the many-worlds interpretation, thus testifying to the author's assessment that consciousness is a discrete, quantum, and multidimensional phenomenon.

The paradigm shift into an ontological-epistemological (OE) reality of quantum resonance has created the crisis of planetary extinction due to the use of false research premises; i.e., the fundamental research parameters—rational materialistic objectivity—that are still requirements for scientific research have become false premises that generate false conclusions. A primary reason that human cultural “personae” have become psychotic is that they are wandering between paradigms without definitive direction. Reality has become “false news”. It is well-known that organisms survive only if they understand their environment, and—due to radical changes into the quantum field worldview that is controlled by its “preternatural” media inhabitants—human perceptions of their sentient energy environment must be updated. The Individuated True Self must be carefully defined.  In a QFT “reality”, the mystical concept that “humans are made in the image of God” (As above, so below) must be transformed from a vague “childish” sense of “personal privilege” to a mature sense of “responsibility” for all creation. Maturity may be gauged according to a scaled  spectrum of “Intention”—degrees of coherent entrainment between First Cause and Human systems. Another way to understand coherence of collective behavior is “harmony of rhythm” in a musical composition. Forms of this OE cultural transformation may be seen in human agency that—consciously or unconsciously—is based in the algorithms of a rhythmic “source code” that includes harmonious dynamics of asymmetrical mathematics (Pope, R., 2019a), Jungian Compensation leading to Individuation (Jung, C., 1933), and Coherent Heart Entrainment (McCraty, R., 2015). This transformational dynamic can be understood in terms of “coherent entrainment of First Cause and human intentional creativity” and “Reframing the Moral/Economic Narrative with Sentient Media”.

The hyperdimensional Infinite Spiral Staircase Theory (ISST theory) rests on two basic premises. The first one posits a hyperdimension layer in all matter and biomatter systems, from particles to galaxies. The second predicates that, since the hyperdimension is triune, the sub-Planckian and superluminous energy that organizes it is in essence linked to consciousness. ISST theory postulates that all psi phenomena as well as altered states of consciousness instantiate the dynamics of the hyperdimensional syg-energy. Namely, they are driven by attraction, resonance and harmony, and defy locality. This essay tries to tackle the strangest dynamics of heightened consciousness, a type of mind coherence shown in telepathic-harmonic fields, in which a group experiences a shared mind-state, and compare them with the remarkable quantum coherence in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) as well as the resonances and scale-invariance found in natural systems. These dynamics are essentially linked to a higher and more harmonic organizational order, based on wave resonance, whether the atoms' waves all getting in phase and sharing the same quantum state as in BECs, or the periodic and logarithmic recurrence of the frequency of proton at higher scales. The author argues that they instantiate the workings of the enmeshed Rhythm-hyperdimension (hypertime) and Center-hyperdimension (hyperspace). Further, the author will explore a hypothetic texture of the hyperdimension as both layered and honeycombed.

The principle that mutations occur randomly with respect to the direction of evolutionary change has been challenged by the phenomenon of adaptive mutations. There is currently no entirely satisfactory theory to account for how a cell can selectively mutate certain genes in response to environmental signals. However, spontaneous mutations are initiated by quantum events such as the shift of a single proton (hydrogen atom) from one site to an adjacent one. We consider here the wave function describing the quantum state of the genome as being in a coherent linear superposition of states describing both the shifted and unshifted protons. Quantum coherence will be destroyed by the process of decoherence in which the quantum state of the genome becomes correlated (entangled) with its surroundings. Using a very simple model we estimate the decoherence times for protons within DNA and demonstrate that quantum coherence may be maintained for biological time-scales. Interaction of the coherent genome wave function with environments containing utilisable substrate will induce rapid decoherence and thereby destroy the superposition of mutant and non-mutant states. We show that this accelerated rate of decoherence may significantly increase the rate of production of the mutated state.

We present a model for the origin of gravity, dark energy and dark matter: Dark energy and dark matter are residual pre-inflation false vacuum random zero point energy (w = −1) of largescale negative, and short-scale positive pressure, respectively, corresponding to the "zero point" (incoherent) component of a superfluid (supersolid) ground state. Gravity, in contrast, arises from the 2nd order topological defects in the post-inflation virtual "condensate" (coherent) component. We predict, as a consequence, that the LHC will never detect exotic real onmass-shell particles that can explain dark matter ΩDM ≈ 0.23. We also point out that the future holographic dark energy de Sitter horizon is a total absorber (in the sense of retro-causal Wheeler-Feynman action-at-a-distance electrodynamics) because it is an infinite redshift surface for static detectors. Therefore, the advanced Hawking-Unruh thermal radiation from the future de Sitter horizon is a candidate for the negative pressure dark vacuum energy.

The idea that quantum-mechanical phenomena can play nontrivial roles in biology has fascinated researchers for a century. Here we review some examples of such effects, including light-harvesting in photosynthesis, vision, electron-and proton-tunneling, olfactory sensing, and magnetoreception. We examine how experimental tests have aided this field in recent years and discuss the importance of developing new experimental probes for future work. We examine areas that should be the focus of future studies and touch on questions such as biological relevance of quantum-mechanical processes. To exemplify current research directions, we provide some detailed discussions of quantum-coherence in photosynthetic light-harvesting and highlight the crucial interplay between experiment and theory that has provided leaps in our understanding. We address questions about why coherence matters, what it is, how it can be identified, and how we should think about optimization of light-harvesting and the role coherence plays.

The characterization and mitigation of decoherence in natural and artificial two-level systems (qubits) is fundamental to quantum information science and its applications. Decoherence of a quantum superposition state arises from the interaction between the constituent system and the uncontrolled degrees of freedom in its environment. Within the standard Bloch-Redfield picture of two-level system dynamics, qubit decoherence is characterized by two rates: a longitudinal relaxation rate Γ 1 due to the exchange of energy with the environment, and a transverse relaxation rate Γ 2 = Γ 1 /2 + Γ ϕ which contains the pure dephasing rate Γ ϕ . Irreversible energy relaxation can only be mitigated by reducing the amount of environmental noise, reducing the qubit's internal sensitivity to that noise, or through multi-qubit encoding and error correction protocols (which already presume ultra-low error rates). In contrast, dephasing is in principle reversible and can be refocused dynamically through the application of coherent control pulse methods . In this work we demonstrate how dynamical-decoupling techniques can moderate the dephasing effects of low-frequency noise on a superconducting qubit [4-6] with energy-relaxation time T 1 = 1/Γ 1 = 12 µs. Using the CPMG sequence with up to 200 π-pulses, we demonstrate a 50-fold improvement in the transverse relaxation time T 2 over its baseline value. We observe relaxation-limited times T CPMG 2 = 23 µs ≈ 2 T 1 resulting from CPMG-mediated Gaussian pure-dephasing times in apparent excess of 100 µs. We leverage the filtering property of this sequence in conjunction with Rabi and energy relaxation measurements to facilitate the spectroscopy and reconstruction of the environmental noise power spectral density (PSD) [9, 10].

The organism is a dynamic liquid crystalline continuum with coherent motions on every
scale. Evidence is presented that biological (interfacial) water, aligned and moving coherently
with the macromolecular matrix, is integral to the liquid crystallinity of the organism;
and that the liquid crystalline continuum facilitates rapid intercommunication throughout
the body, enabling it to function as a perfectly coherent whole

Finite group extensions offer a natural language to quantum computing. In a nutshell, one roughly describes the action of a quantum computer as consisting of two finite groups of gates: error gates from the general Pauli group P and stabilizing gates within an extension group C. In this paper one explores the nice adequacy between group theoretical concepts such as commutators, normal subgroups, group of automorphisms, short exact sequences, wreath products... and the coherent quantum computational primitives. The structure of the single qubit and two-qubit Clifford groups is analyzed in detail. As a byproduct, one discovers that M 20 , the smallest perfect group for which the commutator subgroup departs from the set of commutators, underlies quantum coherence of the two-qubit system. One recovers similar results by looking at the automorphisms of a complete set of mutually unbiased bases.

Systems Biology (system-level understanding in biological science), from the physical-chemical point of view, is involved with irreversible thermodynamics and nonlinear kinetic theory of open systems which are founded on nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. We describe a modern thermo-statistical approach for dealing with complex systems, in particular biological systems. We consider the case of a very peculiar complex behavior in open boson systems sufficiently away, from equilibrium, which appear to have large relevance in the functioning of biological systems. This is, on the one hand, the so-called Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein-like condensation leading in steady-state conditions to the emergence of a particular case of quantum-large-scale coherent ordering, of the type of a selforganizing-synergetic dissipative structure. Moreover, additional complexity emerges in the form of propagation, in this condensate, of signals (information) consisting of nearly undamped and undistorted, long-distance propagating, solitary waves (the pseudoparticle soliton). It can be accompanied by a so-called Fröhlich-Cherenkov cone of emission of polar vibrations, and it is also possible the formation of metastable states of the form of the so-called bioelectrets. These are phenomena apparently working in biological processes, which are presently gaining relevant status on the basis of eventually providing a large-scale quantum-coherent behavior in cytoskeletons of neurons and the conscious (non-computational) activity in the brain. Emphasis is centered on the quantum-mechanical-statistical irreversible thermodynamics of these open systems, and the informational characteristics of the phenomena. Ways for their experimental evidencing are pointed out and discussed.

Evidence for signaling, communication, and conductivity in microtubules (MTs) has been shown through both direct and indirect means, and theoretical models predict their potential use in both classical and quantum information processing in neurons. The notion of quantum information processing within neurons has been implicated in the phenomena of consciousness, although controversies have arisen in regards to adverse physiological temperature effects on these capabilities. To investigate the possibility of quantum processes in relation to information processing in MTs, a biophysical MT model is used based on the electrostatic interior of the tubulin protein. The interior is taken to constitute a double-well potential structure within which a mobile electron is considered capable of occupying at least two distinct quantum states. These excitonic states together with MT lattice vibrations determine the state space of individual tubulin dimers within the MT lattice. Tubulin dimers are taken as quantum well structures containing an electron that can exist in either its ground state or first excited state. Following previous models involving the mechanisms of exciton energy propagation, we estimate the strength of exciton and phonon interactions and their effect on the formation and dynamics of coherent exciton domains within MTs. Also, estimates of energy and timescales for excitons, phonons, their interactions, and thermal effects are presented. Our conclusions cast doubt on the possibility of sufficiently long-lived coherent exciton/phonon structures existing at physiological temperatures in the absence of thermal isolation mechanisms. These results are discussed in comparison with previous models based on quantum effects in non-polar hydrophobic regions, which have yet to be disproved.

The paradigm shift into an ontological-epistemological (OE) reality of quantum resonance has created the crisis of planetary extinction due to the use of false research premises; i.e., the fundamental research parameters—rational materialistic objectivity—that are still requirements for scientific research have become false premises that generate false conclusions. A primary reason that human cultural “personae” have become psychotic is that they are wandering between paradigms without definitive direction. Reality has become “false news”. It is well-known that organisms survive only if they understand their environment, and—due to radical changes into the quantum field worldview that is controlled by its “preternatural” media inhabitants—human perceptions of their sentient energy environment must be updated. The Individuated True Self must be carefully defined.  In a QFT “reality”, the mystical concept that “humans are made in the image of God” (As above, so below) must be transformed from a vague “childish” sense of “personal privilege” to a mature sense of “responsibility” for all creation. Maturity may be gauged according to a scaled  spectrum of “Intention”—degrees of coherent entrainment between First Cause and Human systems. Another way to understand coherence of collective behavior is “harmony of rhythm” in a musical composition. Forms of this OE cultural transformation may be seen in human agency that—consciously or unconsciously—is based in the algorithms of a rhythmic “source code” that includes harmonious dynamics of asymmetrical mathematics (Pope, R., 2019a), Jungian Compensation leading to Individuation (Jung, C., 1933), and Coherent Heart Entrainment (McCraty, R., 2015). This transformational dynamic can be understood in terms of “coherent entrainment of First Cause and human intentional creativity” and “Reframing the Moral/Economic Narrative with Sentient Media”.

Currently, everyone is asking, “How did this happen?” The far-more important query is, “Why did it happen?”, and the answer is unexpected. Because of the structure and virtual reality of the media, it can be contemplated as a Jungian “Dreamscape”—not just any dreamscape but as Jung suggests, a dreamscape that can heal.  First, the “media” provides a warning—a “prospective dream.” Modern people seldom pay attention to auguries, but they must re-learn to read the signs. Premonitions provided by the media have been crystal clear as to the dangers of the criminal authoritarian Trump presidency—so clear that Trump, himself, had to counter the power of mediated truth by calling it “false news”. This blatant Trump farce will persist longer than his presidency, but only since 1/6/2021 have many observers finally begun to recognize that his overt and undeniable lies have been accurate predictors of his intention. Trump’s collusion with foreign enemies, his aggressive dismantling of the U.S. government, his constant obstruction of constitutional law, and his repeated public assertion that he is above the law, confirms without a doubt that he is a wannabe tyrant. He perceives himself as a bully boy and his psychotic policies and behavior trumpet his generic Nazism.  He is a Jungian projection of the cultural “Shadow” archetype that exists to inform and educate U.S. citizens.

The orientation and pore-forming mechanisms of pandinin 2 (pin2), an antimicrobial peptide isolated from venom of the African scorpion Pandinus imperator, bound to magnetically oriented lipid bilayers were examined by 31 P and 13 C solidstate, and 15 N liquid-state NMR spectroscopy. 31 P NMR measurements at various temperatures, under neutral and acidic conditions, showed that membrane lysis occurred only under acidic conditions, and at temperatures below the liquid crystal-gel phase transition of the lipid bilayers, after incubation for two days in the magnet. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that pin2 induced negative curvature strain in lipid bilayers. The 13 C chemical shift values of synthetic pin2 labeled at Gly 3 , Gly 8 , Leu 12 , Phe 17 , or Ser 18 under static or slow magic-angle spinning conditions, indicate that pin2 penetrates the membrane with its average helical axis perpendicular to the membrane surface. Furthermore, amide H-D exchange experiments of 15 N-Ala 4 , Gly 8 , and Ala 9 triply-labeled pin2 suggest that this peptide forms oligomers and confirms that the N-terminal region creates membrane pores.

Glycidylmethacrylate/methacrylonitrile (G/M) copolymers of different compositions were prepared and a copolymer composition was obtained from quantitative 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Reactivity ratios for comonomers were calculated using the Kelen±Tudos (KT) and non linear error in variable (EVM) methods. The reactivity ratios obtained from KT and EVM are r G 1:14^0:1; r M 0:76^0:06 and r G 1:12; r M 0:75, respectively. Complete spectral assignment of 13 C-and 1 H-NMR spectra were done with the help of Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT) and 2D 13 C± 1 H heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC). q

This volume is appropriately titled "The Emerging Physics of Consciousness" and much of it is focused on using some aspect of "quantum weirdness" to solve the problems associated with the phenomenon of consciousness. This is sometimes done in hopes that perhaps the two mysteries will somehow cancel each other through such phenomena as quantum coherence and entanglement or superposition of wavefunctions. We are not convinced that such a cancellation can take place. In fact, finding that quantum phenomena are involved in consciousness, what we will call the "Quantum Consciousness Idea" (QCI) (fathered largely by Penrose and Hameroff [1-3]), is likely to confound both mysteries and is of great interest.

Backscattered signal of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy can be an extremely useful tool for remote identification of airborne particles, provided the signal is sufficiently large. We formulate a semiclassical theory of nonlinear scattering to estimate the number of detectable photons from a bacterial spore at a distance. For the first time, the theory incorporates enhanced quantum coherence via femtosecond pulses and a nonlinear process into the classical scattering problem. Our result shows a large backscattered signal in the far field, using typical parameters of an anthrax spore with maximally prepared vibrational coherence. Using train pulses of 1 kHz of repetition rate each with energy of 10 mJ, we estimate that about 10 7 photons can be detected by a 1 m diameter detector placed 1 km away from the spore in the backward scattering direction. The result shows the feasibility of developing a real time remote detection of hazardous microparticles in the atmosphere, particularly biopathogenic spores.

We use the influence functional path-integral method to derive an exact master equation for the quantum Brownian motion of a particle linearly coupled to a general environment (ohmic, subohmic, or supraohmic) at arbitrary temperature and apply it to study certain aspects of ...

Superconducting qubits: poised for computing? I Siddiqi -Recent citations Modeling of Semiconductor Electrostatic Qubits Realized through Coupled Quantum Dots Panagiotis Giounanlis et al -Charge-qubit-atom hybrid Deshui Yu et al -Measurement of brightness temperature of two-dimensional electron gas in channel of a high electron mobility transistor at ultralow dissipation power A.M. Korolev et al -This content was downloaded from IP address 196.

An introduction of entanglement (non-locality). The discovery of a data based informational wave pattern that infuses coherent entanglement into the system. This discovery of how to add coherent entanglement into the model provides the missing key, that has opened the door to understanding the universe. It is found that the inclusion of coherence and entanglement at the start of the system is extremely simple and in fact it is so simple that it has simply been overlooked. Entanglement and coherence are the most fundamental aspects of our universe. It is demonstrated that the basic model of the hydrogen atom is made from the CMB. If we add entanglement into this basic model of the hydrogen atom a math system called Wave Pattern Entangled Math emerges. A data system created by entanglement and coherence. Creating an unbreakable pattern of information, including entangled energy, entropy, entangled spin, entangled universal expansion and compression, entangled velocity of light C 2 and Quantum Coherence.

We refine a QED-cavity model of microtubules (MTs), proposed earlier by two of the authors (N.E.M. and D.V.N.), and suggest mechanisms for the formation of biomolecular mesoscopic coherent and/or entangled quantum states, which may avoid decoherence for times comparable to biological characteristic times. This refined model predicts dissipationless energy transfer along such "shielded" macromolecules at near room temperatures as well as quantum teleportation of states across MTs and perhaps neurons.

The possibility of a supersolid state of matter, i.e., a crystalline solid exhibiting superfluid properties, first appeared in theoretical studies about forty years ago. After a long period of little interest due to the lack of experimental evidence, it has attracted strong experimental and theoretical attention in the last few years since Kim and Chan (Penn State, USA) reported evidence for nonclassical rotational inertia effects, a typical signature of superfluidity, in samples of solid 4He. Since this "first observation", other experimental groups have observed such effects in the response to the rotation of samples of crystalline helium, and it has become clear that the response of the solid is extremely sensitive to growth conditions, annealing processes, and 3He impurities. A peak in the specific heat in the same range of temperatures has been reported as well as anomalies in the elastic behaviour of solid 4He with a strong resemblance to the phenomena revealed by torsional oscillator experiments. Very recently, the observation of unusual mass transport in hcp solid 4He has also been reported, suggesting superflow. From the theoretical point of view, powerful simulation methods have been used to study solid 4He, but the interpretation of the data is still rather difficult; dealing with the question of supersolidity means that one has to face not only the problem of the coexistence of quantum coherence phenomena and crystalline order, exploring the realm of spontaneous symmetry breaking and quantum field theory, but also the problem of the role of disorder, i.e., how defects, such as vacancies, impurities, dislocations, and grain boundaries, participate in the phase transition mechanism.

Recent multicolor photon-echo experiments revealed a long-lasting quantum coherence between excitations on the donor and acceptor in photosynthetic systems. Identifying the origin of the quantum coherence is essential to fully understand photosynthesis. Here we present a generic model in which a strong intermolecular steric restoring force in densely packed pigment-protein complexes results in a spatial correlation in conformational ͑static͒ variations of chromophores, which in turn induces an effective coupling between highfrequency ͑dynamic͒ fluctuations in donor and acceptor. The spatially correlated static and dynamic fluctuations provide a favorable environment to maintain quantum coherence, which can consistently explain the photon-echo measurements.

We analyse some features of the class of discrete Wigner functions that was recently introduced by Gibbons et al. to represent quantum states of systems with power-of-prime dimensional Hilbert spaces [Phys. Rev. A 70, 062101 (2004)]. We consider "cat" states obtained as coherent superpositions of states with positive Wigner function; for such states we show that the oscillations of the discrete Wigner function typically spread over the entire discrete phase-space (including the regions where the two interfering states are localized). This is a generic property which is in sharp contrast with the usual attributes of Wigner functions that make them useful candidates to display the existence of quantum coherence through oscillations. However, it is possible to find subsets of cat states with a natural phase-space representation, in which the oscillatory regions remain localized. We show that this can be done for interesting families of stabilizer states used in quantum errorcorrecting codes, and illustrate this by analysing the phase-space representation of the five-qubit error-correcting code.

S100A13 is a member of the S100 protein family that is involved in the copper-dependent nonclassical secretion of signal peptideless proteins fibroblast growth factor 1 and interleukin 1a. In this study, we investigate the effects of interplay of Cu 21 and Ca 21 on the structure of S100A13 using a variety of biophysical techniques, including multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Results of the isothermal titration calorimetry experiments show that S100A13 can bind independently to both Ca 21 and Cu 21 with almost equal affinity (K d in the micromolar range). Terbium binding and isothermal titration calorimetry data reveal that two atoms of Cu 21 /Ca 21 bind per subunit of S100A13. Results of the thermal denaturation experiments monitored by far-ultraviolet circular dichroism, limited trypsin digestion, and hydrogen-deuterium exchange (using 1 H-15 N heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectra) reveal that Ca 21 and Cu 21 have opposite effects on the stability of S100A13. Binding of Ca 21 stabilizes the protein, but the stability of the protein is observed to decrease upon binding to Cu 21 . 1 H-15 N chemical shift perturbation experiments indicate that S100A13 can bind simultaneously to both Ca 21 and Cu 21 and the binding of the metal ions is not mutually exclusive. The results of this study suggest that the Cu 21 -binding affinity of S100A13 is important for the formation of the FGF-1 homodimer and the subsequent secretion of the signal peptideless growth factor through the nonclassical release pathway.

We present a series of measurements on nine single Cooper-pair boxes (SCBs), where the charging energy, EC, and the Josephson coupling energy, EJ, have been varied. We have investigated both the ground state properties of the SCBs and their quantum coherent properties. The state of the SCBs could be manipulated by an external gate voltage and the charge was measured