Public Health Nutrition

Fast food consumption increase among the college going girls due to its easy availability. Fast food consumption leads to less consumption of fruits vegetables and milk products. Fast foods are easy to access, tastes good and relatively inexpensive so have created a great desire for the college going girls and the young working youth. As the college going girls are more prone to eat fast foods so, the study was aimed to assess the pattern of fast foods consumption and activity pattern of college going girls. The study was conducted on college going girls (18-23 years) of a private University (The IIS University) in Jaipur city. A total of 100 sample size was selected by the random sampling method. The data was collected by questionnaire method to see the frequency of fast food consumption among the college going girls. It was reported that majority of the samples were consuming the fast food on regular basis and they were less physically active. Though the consumption of fast foods had ill effects on the health of the girls and also their productivity but they are consumed at a very high pace.

Objective: To identify the efficacy of group-based nutrition interventions to increase healthy eating, reduce nutrition risk, improve nutritional status, and improve physical mobility among community-dwelling older adults.Design: Systematic review. Electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts were searched on July 15, 2020, for studies published in English since January 2010. Study selection, critical appraisal (using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tools), and data extraction were performed in duplicate by two independent reviewers.Setting: Nutrition interventions delivered to groups in community-based settings were eligible. Studies delivered in acute or long-term care settings were excluded.Participants: Community-dwelling older adults aged 55+ years. Studies targeting specific disease populations or promoting weight loss were excluded.Results: Thirty-one experimental and quasi-experimental studies with generally unclear-high...

This paper presents the socio-economic profile of households in the Family Dynamics Study (FDS) (1997-2001) and makes comparisons with the earlier Functional Groups Study (FGS) (1992-1996). For the current study, FGS villages with a high prevalence of child malnutrition were purposively selected. In each village selected, all households were included, and interviews with a structured questionnaire were conducted in April-May 1998. Incomes were generally low and incidence of poverty was high; 49.6% of the households were under the poverty line income, of which 37.2% were poor and 12.4% were hard core poor. Overall, only 23.2% of heads of households were in agricultural occupations, others being primarily waged workers and petty traders. Livestock rearing was widespread (57.8%), and most households (90.4%) owned at least one motorised vehicle, the most common being the motorcycle. The majority of households had refrigerators (73.6%), washing machines (58.8%), and televisions (91.1%); ...

ObjectiveTo establish the Fe status of pregnant women and their neonates in the Republic of Seychelles.DesignA prospective study.SettingRepublic of Seychelles.SubjectsPregnant women were recruited and blood samples taken at enrolment and post-delivery along with cord blood samples. Ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were measured in maternal (n 220) and cord blood (n 123) samples.ResultsMaternal Fe deficiency (ferritin < 15 ng/ml, sTfR > 28 nmol/l) was present in 6 % of subjects at enrolment and in 20 % at delivery. There was no significant decrease in maternal ferritin. A significant increase in sTfR was observed between enrolment and delivery (P…

This report estimates the retail value of the average Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) food package delivered to FDPIR participants in fiscal year (FY) 2009. The estimated retail value of the average FDPIR food package as delivered in FY 2009 was $78.44 per month per FDPIR participant. The report’s retail price estimate probably understates the true retail value of the FDPIR food package because the cost of food from retailers located  on or near Indian reservations is likely above national average retail food costs.

Objective: Describe nutrition and physical activity practices, nutrition self-efficacy and barriers, and food program knowledge within Family Child Care Homes (FCCH), and differences by staffing. Design: Baseline, cross-sectional analyses of the Happy Healthy Homes randomized trial (NCT03560050). Setting: FCCH in Oklahoma, United States Participants: FCCH providers (n=49, 100% women, 30.6% Non-Hispanic Black, 2.0% Hispanic, 4.1% American Indian/Alaska Native, 51.0% Non-Hispanic white, 44.2±14.2 years of age. 53.1% had additional staff) self-reported nutrition and physical activity practices and policies, nutrition self-efficacy and barriers, and food program knowledge. Differences between providers with and without additional staff were adjusted for multiple comparisons (p<0.01). Results: The prevalence of meeting all nutrition and physical activity best practices ranged from 0.0-43.8% and 4.1-16.7%, respectively. Average nutrition and physical activity scores were 3.2±0.3 and 3....

Objective:To assess the relationship between food insecurity, sleep quality, and days with mental and physical health issues among college students.Design:An online survey was administered. Food insecurity was assessed using the ten-item Adult Food Security Survey Module. Sleep was measured using the nineteen-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Mental health and physical health were measured using three items from the Healthy Days Core Module. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to assess the relationship between food insecurity, sleep quality, and days with poor mental and physical health.Setting:Twenty-two higher education institutions.Participants:College students (n 17 686) enrolled at one of twenty-two participating universities.Results:Compared with food-secure students, those classified as food insecure (43·4 %) had higher PSQI scores indicating poorer sleep quality (P < 0·0001) and reported more days with poor mental (P < 0·0001) and physical (P <...

Objective: To assess the effect on the haemoglobin concentrations of schoolchildren of weekly iron tablets administered by teachers. Design: Sixty schools were randomly assigned to two groups: in 30 schools children were given weekly for 10 weeks a tablet providing 65 mg of iron and 0.25 mg of folic acid; in the other 30 schools no iron tablets were given. All children were dewormed and given vitamin A before the study began. The haemoglobin concentration of up to 20 randomly selected children in each school was estimated before and 2 weeks after the end of treatment. Setting: Rural community schools in Kolondieba district of Mali. Subjects: Some 1113 schoolchildren aged 6-19 years with a mean of 11.4 years. Results: The haemoglobin concentration of treated children rose on average by 1.8 g l 21 ðP , 0:001Þ and the prevalence of anaemia fell by 8.2% ðP , 0:001Þ; in untreated children the haemoglobin concentration fell by an average of 22.7 g l 21 ðP , 0:001Þ and the prevalence of anaemia rose by 9.4% ðP , 0:001Þ. The fall in haemoglobin concentration among untreated girls of 24.0 g l 21 was greater than in untreated boys (20.3 g l 21 , P , 0:001). Conclusions: Weekly iron tablets given by teachers prevented a general fall in the haemoglobin concentrations of untreated children, and led to a small but statistically significant rise among treated children ðP , 0:001Þ. Young children benefited more than children aged $12 years, and girls benefited more than boys.

This review explores cooking courses in the UK in the context of promoting ‘home-cooking’ community based courses for adults. IOE Research Briefings are short descriptions of significant research findings, based on the wide range of projects carried out by IOE researchers.

Background: Health promotion at schools has evolved during the past few years from practices centered on health education in class to adoption of comprehensive approach aiming attitudes, skills, and behaviors of youth and their environment. Various studies suggested the need for action by developing nutrition strategies and policies based on comprehensive approaches, reinforcing environments, and consolidating actions joining youth in the most favorable environments for nutrition and physical activity interventions including residence, schools, and communities. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of an eventual School Nutrition Policy (SNP) development by studying the perceptions of different Lebanese key stakeholders. Materials and Methods: This qualitative exploratory study proposed an innovative conceptual framework based on social marketing approach and using several theories and models to approach the SNP development at different levels of action. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 32 multidisciplinary key stakeholders active in various communities and sectors, especially in health promotion in Lebanon (governmental parties, municipalities, non-governmental organizations, UN agencies, dietitians, pediatricians, food industry, school health advisers, journalists, health experts, and academic researchers). Directed and semi-structured individual interviews were conducted for a maximum duration of 60 min. Interviews were audiorecorded and analyzed using a thematic qualitative analysis. Results: The comprehensive conceptual framework amalgamates several variables involved in the process of health promotion under various categories (community/individual/organizational) to facilitate SNP development and evaluation. Variables are interconnected altogether to gain an insight of perceived barriers and facilitators to SNP development. Collaboration, coordination, public participation, partnership, advocacy, and leadership are identified as the main facilitating factors. However, the major barriers are the socioeconomic instability, the social structure diversity, and the political and religious divisions. Conclusion: By combining social, behavioral, organizational, and communication theories and models, this study offered opportunities to comment on how a SNP is intended to work to achieve the desired health goals. This study explored several determinants envisaged in the SNP development that helps the decision-and policy-makers in their promotion and communication practices. finality of health promotion and communication lies on making key stakeholders and communities responsible for their nutritional health. Therefore, nutritional promotion and communication should not be considered as a single shortterm intervention. Such interventions should be regularly based and monitored for their effectiveness over the years.

Objective: To examine the socio-economic and lifestyle determinants of cooking oil choice in Costa Rica during the last decade (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004). Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects (total n ¼ 2274) belonged to the control population of a large case-control study; they were recruited yearly. Data about type of oil used for cooking, dietary intake, socio-economic and demographic characteristics were collected. Setting: A dietitian visited all subjects and conducted the interviews at their homes; all subjects lived in the Costa Rican central valley region. Subjects: Adult, free-living, rural and urban Costa Ricans with no history of myocardial infarction and physical or mental disability. Results: The odds of choosing soybean over palm oil increased significantly each year (P , 0.05) and was determined by high socio-economic status (SES) and variables that suggest health awareness (self-reported history of hypertension, high cholesterol, multivitamin use and intake of green leafy vegetables). The odds of choosing other unsaturated oils, namely corn and sunflower, over soybean oil also increased yearly (P , 0.05) and was associated with the same two factors (high SES and health awareness). Palm oil users remained in the lowest SES tertile and were more likely to live in rural areas. Across all SES tertiles, high health awareness determined the odds of choosing other unsaturated oils over palm oil, and soybean oil (P , 0.05). Conclusion: These data show that, in addition to SES, health awareness is associated with selection of unsaturated oils over palm oil in a developing country undergoing transition. These data should be considered when targeting nutrition messages and policies that promote better dietary choices.

Little is known about the prevalence and motives of sport drinks use among adolescents and young adult athletes who exercise on regular basis in most football and other games pitches. Therefore, the current study was performed to assess information regarding the use of sport drinks among 440 athletes (23.5±4.62 years of age) in Kano Nigeria. Data were collected using a selfadministered, structured and pretested questionnaire. The results indicated that the frequency of sport drinks consumption was higher among male athletes and in those who did not have breakfast on a regular basis, ever smoked cigarettes and drank alcoholic beverages compared with their female counterparts. Athletes who had ‘ever’ tried a sport drink were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those who had ‘never’ tasted the drink. Main reasons for using such drinks for regular users varied across the selected groups of athletes and included obtaining energy and boosting performance while doing sport. Most athletes...

Objective:To conduct nutrition-related analyses on large-scale health surveys, two aspects of the survey must be incorporated into the analysis: the sampling weights and the sample design; a practice which is not always observed. The present paper compares three analyses: (1) unweighted; (2) weighted but not accounting for the complex sample design; and (3) weighted and accounting for the complex design using replicate weights.Design:Descriptive statistics are computed and a logistic regression investigation of being overweight/obese is conducted using Stata.Setting:Cross-sectional health survey with complex sample design where replicate weights are supplied rather than the variables containing sample design information.Participants:Responding adults from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) part of the Australian Health Survey (2011–2013).Results:Unweighted analysis produces biased estimates and incorrect estimates of se. Adjusting for the sampling weights gi...

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and identify the predictors of food insecurity among households in Los Angeles County with incomes below 300% of the federal poverty level. Methods: The Six-Item Short Form of the US Department of Agriculture's Household Food ...

The present study aimed to establish the annual public expenditure arising from the health and social care of patients with diet-related malnutrition (DRM) in the Republic of Ireland. Costs were calculated by (i) estimating the prevalence of DRM in health-care settings derived from age-standardised comparisons between available Irish data and large-scale UK surveys and (ii) applying relevant costs from official sources to estimates of health-care utilisation by adults with DRM. No attempt has been made to estimate separately the costs of DRM and any associated disease, since each can be a cause or consequence of the other. The methods used are adapted from an evaluation of the cost of malnutrition in the UK by the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (2009). Settings Hospitals, nursing homes, out-patient clinics, primary-care clinics and home care. All adult patients receiving hospital in-patient, out-patient or specified community health-care services. The annua...

Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a medicinal plant in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners. This study was on the pharmacology of its seed in diabetes treatment. The study therefore suggested the histopathologic effects of P. americana seed extracts on the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. One hundred gram (100g) of the sample was extracted with 1L of water using the maceration method. The rats were induced with diabetes by intraperitonal (IP) injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate solution and treated with different doses of the extract (200 and300 mg/kg.b.wt.) and insulin for 21 days. On Day 21 of the treatment regime, the animals were sacrificed and the necessary organs (liver and kidney) were harvested. The harvested organs were processed according to paraffin wax embedding technique, sectioned at 5μmand stained by the haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy. Results obtained in alloxan-treated rats showed evidence of necrosis, vasculation and infiltration of the hepatocytes by inflammatory cells. In the kidney, there was mild infiltration by inflammatory cells in alloxan-treated rats. However, treatment of the alloxan-treated rats with extracts of P. Americana restored the histoarchitecture of both the damaged liver and kidney to normal as the control rats suggesting that P. Americana extracts reversed the histopathological damage that occurred in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. It is concluded this study seems to provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of P. americana seeds extracts in the management of Diabetes mellitus and raises the possibility of its potential clinical usefulness.

Objective: To evaluate under-and overreporting and their determinants in the EPIC 24-hour diet recall (24-HDR) measurements collected in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design: Cross-sectional analysis. 24-HDR measurements were obtained by means of a standardised computerised interview program (EPIC-SOFT). The ratio of reported energy intake (El) to estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) was used to ascertain the magnitude, impact and determinants of misreporting. Goldberg's cut-off points were used to identify participants with physiologically extreme low or high energy intake. At the aggregate level the value of 1.55 for physical activity level (PAL) was chosen as reference. At the individual level we used multivariate statistical techniques to identify factors that could explain EI/BMR variability. Analyses were performed by adjusting for weight, height, age at recall, special diet, smoking status, day of recall (weekday vs. weekend day) and physical activity. Setting: Twenty-seven redefined centres in the 10 countries participating in the EPIC project. Subjects: In total, 35955 men and women, aged 35-74 years, participating in the nested EPIC calibration sub-studies. Results: While overreporting has only a minor impact, the percentage of subjects identified as extreme underreporters was 13.8% and 10.3% in women and men, respectively. Mean EI/BMR values in men and women were 1.44 and 1.36 including all subjects, and 1.50 and 1.44 after exclusion of misreporters. After exclusion of misreporters, adjusted EI/BMR means were consistently less than 10% different from the expected value of 1.55 for PAL (except for women in Greece and in the UK), with overall differences equal to 4.0% and 7.4% for men and women, respectively. We modelled the probability of being an underreporter in association with several individual characteristics. After adjustment for age, height, special diet, smoking status, day of recall and physical activity at work, logistic regression analyses resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of being an underreporter for the highest vs. the lowest quartile of body mass index (BMI) of 3-52 (95% confidence interval in men and 4.80 (95% CI 4.11-5.6l) in women, indicating that overweight subjects are significantly more likely to underestimate energy intake than subjects in the bottom BMI category. Older people 'Corresponding author: Email [email protected] © The Authors 2002 1330 P Ferrari et al. were less likely to underestimate energy intake: ORs were 0.58 (95% CI 0.45-0.77) and 0.74 (95% CI 0.63-0.88) for age (> 65 years vs. < 50 years). Special diet and day of the week showed strong effects.

This paper presents the socio-economic profile of households in the Family Dynamics Study (FDS) (1997-2001) and makes comparisons with the earlier Functional Groups Study (FGS) (1992-1996). For the current study, FGS villages with a high prevalence of child malnutrition were purposively selected. In each village selected, all households were included, and interviews with a structured questionnaire were conducted in April-May 1998. Incomes were generally low and incidence of poverty was high; 49.6% of the households were under the poverty line income, of which 37.2% were poor and 12.4% were hard core poor. Overall, only 23.2% of heads of households were in agricultural occupations, others being primarily waged workers and petty traders. Livestock rearing was widespread (57.8%), and most households (90.4%) owned at least one motorised vehicle, the most common being the motorcycle. The majority of households had refrigerators (73.6%), washing machines (58.8%), and televisions (91.1%); ...

Background: Commercial food marketing has considerably shaped consumer food choice behaviour. Meanwhile, public health campaigns for healthier eating have had limited impact to date. Social marketing suggests that successful commercial food marketing campaigns can provide useful lessons for public sector activities. The aim of the present study was to empirically identify food marketing success factors that, using the social marketing approach, could help improve public health campaigns to promote healthy eating. Methods: In this case-study analysis, 27 recent and successful commercial food and beverage marketing cases were purposively sampled from different European countries. The cases involved different consumer target groups, product categories, company sizes and marketing techniques. The analysis focused on cases of relatively healthy food types, and nutrition and health-related aspects in the communication related to the food. Visual as well as written material was gathered, complemented by semi-structured interviews with 12 food market trend experts and 19 representatives of food companies and advertising agencies. Success factors were identified by a group of experts who reached consensus through discussion structured by a card sorting method. Results: Six clusters of success factors emerged from the analysis and were labelled as "data and knowledge", "emotions", "endorsement", "media", "community" and "why and how". Each cluster subsumes two or three success factors and is illustrated by examples. In total, 16 factors were identified. It is argued that the factors "nutritional evidence", "trend awareness", "vertical endorsement", "simple naturalness" and "common values" are of particular importance in the communication of health with regard to food. Conclusions: The present study identified critical factors for the success of commercial food marketing campaigns related to the issue of nutrition and health, which are possibly transferable to the public health sector. Whether or not a particular factor contributes to future success depends on the specific context of use, the combination of factors and the environment. Consideration of the specific applicability of the success factors identified in this study during the design of marketing activities could benefit public sector food and health-related campaigns.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention (MCI) on children’s dietary diversity and its impact pathway components of children’s food knowledge and healthy food preferences.Design:A 6-week cluster randomised controlled trial with a MCI consisting of child nutrition education plus family engagement through parental nutrition education, meal preparation and tasting was compared with two groups: single component intervention (SCI) of child nutrition education, and control, conducted during February to July 2018. Preschool centres were randomly assigned to one of the three arms. Children’s food knowledge, healthy food preferences and dietary diversity scores were collected. Intervention effects were analysed using a pre-post analysis and a difference-in-difference model.Setting:Fourteen preschool centres in an urban area of Kurunegala, Sri Lanka.Participants:Child–parent dyads of children aged 4–6 years. Final analyses included 306 (for food knowledge and p...

The purpose of this study consisted in analyzing the alterations in samples of Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine and Urea, in male swimmers under creatine supplementation. Seventeen athletes took part in a sequence of tests in a swimming pool (8 x 100 m freestyle) with progressive sets starting at 65 leading up to a 100% maximum capacity sets. The athletes were evaluated immediately before and after the tests (5 min), in order to obtain levels of CK, Creatine and Urea concentrations. After 6 days of supplementation with Creatine (20 g/ day) + maltodextrin (1 g/kg/day) or nothing but maltodextrin control (1 g/kg/day), new tests similar to the initials, were performed. The variables were analyzed by non-parametric tests of Wilcoxon (in the same group) and Mann-Whitney (between the groups). In statistical terms, a significant level was established: p<0.05. On CK it was observed, after supplementation, a statistically significant increase in the Creatine group at rest (172.83 mg/ul ± 2.43 to 326.42 mg/ul ± 13.69) and in the end of the tests (202.32 mg/ul ± 21.85 to 363.33 mg/ul ± 20.53). The same occurred with the creatine concentration at rest (1.05 mg/dl ± 0.12 to 1.27 mg/dl ± 0.20) and in the end of the tests (1.23 mg/ dl ± 0.23 to 1.53 mg/dl ± 0.26) with the only tendency of a significant comparison with the control group (p = 0.06). Significant differences in urea concentrations were not observed.

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review aimed at identifying and characterizing the experience-based household food security scales and to synthesize their psychometric properties.DesignSearch in the MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO databases, using the descriptors (‘food insecurity’ OR ‘food security’) AND (‘questionnaires’ OR ‘scales’ OR ‘validity’ OR ‘reliability’). There was no limitation on the period of publication. All articles had their titles and abstracts analysed by two reviewers. The studies of interest were read in their entirety and the relevant information extracted using a standard form.ResultsThe initial bibliographic search identified 299 articles. Of these, the 159 that seemed to meet the criteria for inclusion were read fully. After consultation of the bibliographic references of these articles, twenty articles and five documents were added, as they satisfied the previously determined criteria for inclusion. Twenty-four different instruments were identified; all were b...

Objective: To investigate changes in the consumption of fruits and vegetables in worksite canteens using the tools of continuous quality improvement, and to gain knowledge of practical strategies being effective in increasing the consumption. Design: Study design included baseline data collection, an 8 h training session for all canteen staff, goal setting, strategy development and implementation for each canteen, end-point data collection and a follow-up data collection 4 months from the end-point (1 year from baseline). The main outcome measurement was average grams of fruits and vegetables per lunch meal served per customer (net weight; potatoes not included). Setting: Five workplaces in Denmark: a military base, an electronic component distributor, a bank, a town hall and a waste-handling facility. Subjects: Work-site canteen managers, staff and customers. Results: There were significant increases in the total consumption of fruits and vegetables for all five work-site canteens from baseline to end-point, 70 g per customer on average (67, 54, 39, 88 and 103 g, respectively). The follow-up data collection showed that the canteens either maintained or significantly increased consumption, the average increase being 95 g per customer compared with baseline (77, 60, 86, 70 and 183 g, respectively). Conclusions: This study demonstrates a large potential for work-site canteens to increase customers' intake of fruits and vegetables at lunch and suggests a broad spectrum of strategies to compose meals that are both rich in fruits and vegetables and attractive to customers.

Background. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have been used in epidemiological studies across the world to capture the usual food intake of individuals. As food habits vary in different population groups, FFQs should be validated before use. Hence, we determined the reproducibility and validity of FFQs designed for urban and rural populations of northern India.

This review was conducted to investigate on Aflatoxin: occurrence, prevention and gaps in both food and feed safety. Risk of aflatoxin contamination
of commodities in the world, especially in Africa is increasing. Aflatoxin can occur in a wide range of important commodities, including cereals, nuts,
spices, figs and dried fruit. AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG1, AFM1 and AFM2 are the most common type of aflatoxin. Aflatoxin contamination of agricultural
commodities poses considerable risk to human and livestock health and economic losses. Exposure to aflatoxin leads to several health-related conditions
in human including acute and chronic aflatoxicosis, immune suppression, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, stunted growth in children and many others.
Aflatoxins are detected from several crops especially from maize and groundnut. Several researches show that AFB1 is the most common aflatoxin in
the world from most commodities at a very much higher level. AFM1 was also detected greater than the standard from milk and milk products. This
indicates that a lot of developing countries people are at danger of aflatoxin contamination. Lack of awareness on aflatoxin contamination increases the
risk of damage to human and animals. High economic losses due to aflatoxin occur in the country crops and animals.

Objective-To assess the relationship between adolescent perception of time to walk to neighborhood food retail outlets and purchasing of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB), fast and convenience food items and test for differences by urban versus suburban environment.

Objective: To explore the relationship among children's diet quality, weight status and food environment in subarctic Canada. Design: In the cross-sectional study, children's BMI was calculated, diet quality was assessed using three 24 h dietary recalls and children were asked about their home food environment and source of meals. Setting: Two Aboriginal Cree communities in northern Québec. Subjects: Two hundred and one children in grades 4-6. Results: The majority (64?2 %) of children were overweight (29?9 %) or obese (34?3 %). Weight status was not associated with reported restaurant meal frequency or the home food environment. The 18 % of children who consumed three or more restaurant meals in the three days of recall consumed, on average, 2004 kJ (479 kcal) more energy daily than children consuming no restaurant meals and had higher intakes of fat, saturated fat, Ca and soda. Most foods contributing to energy and dietary fat were energy-dense market foods of low nutritional value such as sweetened beverages and snack foods. Only 68 % of children reported often having fruits and vegetables in the home and 98?5 % of children consumed less than 5 fruits and vegetables daily. Many children (42?8 %) were at risk of Zn inadequacy. Only 19 % of children consumed 2 or more servings of milk daily, and the mean intakes of Ca and vitamin D were below the recommended adequate intake. Traditional game meat was consumed infrequently, but contributed significantly to Fe and Zn intake. Conclusions: Childhood obesity in subarctic communities prevailed in a food environment typified by high-energy-density commercial foods of low nutritional value.

The average calorie increase in 18 classic American recipes has increased 35.2 percent per serving over the past 70 years. Part of this is due to the use of more caloric ingredients and part to serving sizes that showed small increases in the late 1940s and early 1960s, but showed a 33.2% increase since1996. 
The calories and portion sizes of classic recipes may reflect prevailing tastes and norms.  Yet they may also establish or reinforce exaggerated norms in others, such as new families.  Although this study is largely descriptive, it does imply a prescriptive recommendation for families.  The serving size and calorie composition of classic recipes need to be downsized to counteract growing waistlines.

ObjectiveRates of migration have increased substantially in recent years and so has the number of left-behind children (LBC). We investigated the impact of parental migration on nutritional disorders of LBC in Bangladesh.DesignWe analysed data from the nationally representative cross-sectional Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2012–2013. Child stunting, wasting and underweight were used as measures of nutritional disorders. Descriptive statistics were used to describe characteristics of the respondents and to compare nutritional outcomes based on status of parental migration. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between parental migration and child nutritional disorders.SettingBangladesh.ParticipantsData of 23 402 children (aged &lt;5 years), their parents and households.ResultsIn the unadjusted models, parental migration was found significantly protective for stunting, wasting and underweight – both separately and jointly. After potential co...

How can Karnataka hand over a children’s programme to corporations when we do not even have the evidence about the safety of this drug? The drug has questionable nutrients, and could even be toxic. Half a carrot, a drop of oil or a few ground nuts will give much more nutrients than spirulina. This substance is neither certified as a drug under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 or as a food under Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. Is it possible that attempts are made to do a clinical trial with this substance which is not even indigenous to India? Why cannot we promote our own diet, which will help our local economies?

Background: The effects of consuming fast foods, sweets and beverages on the development of colorectal cancer
(CRC) are unclear. The aim of this case-control study was to assess possible associations between the consumption
of different fast foods, sweets and beverages and CRC risk in a Jordanian population. Methods: Two hundred and
twenty diagnosed CRC cases and 281 controls were enrolled. Diet history was obtained using a validated quantitative
questionnaire. Results: Consumption of some types of fast food, and particularly falafel, was associated with an increased
risk of developing CRC. Elevated risk was found for potato and corn chips with an AOR of 4.36 (95%CI: 1.24-15.28)
for daily consumption and 3.33 (95%CI: 1.00-11.11) for ≥5 servings/week. Consuming 1-2 or >5 servings per week of
fried potatoes or 2-3 servings per week of chicken in sandwiches also increased the risk while exposure to fresh tomato
juice and hot pepper sauce on a monthly basis appeared to exert a protective effect. Conclusions: Consumption of fried
fast food items was significantly linked with an increased risk of developing CRC in Jordan

Purpose-Energy drink (ED) consumption has become a common trend nowadays and sometimes considered as a showcase of modern lifestyle, especially among youth. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to study ED consumption pattern among university students and identify the determinants for their preference for such drinks. Design/methodology/approach-This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 students from various departments of Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. Findings-About 52.3 percent of the students were between 21 and 23 years, and half of them were male. More than half (53 percent) of the students had consumed ED at least once in their lifetime. Only 22.1 percent of all consumers had knowledge of the ingredients of ED, and 4.3 percent did not know their negative impact. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the variables significantly associated with ED consumption among students. Including the significant variables into a multivariate model,...

This seminar was held as a media to disseminate research results in the field of Health. A place for scientific discussion, enhancing partnerships between researchers and practitioners, sharpening the vision of policymakers and decision-makers, and increasing collective awareness of the importance of health in society. This proceeding includes papers from various research findings on health and other public health-related discussions. The papers came from academics and experts in the field of Health.

Objective: While epidemiological research on the protective role of the Mediterranean diet (MD) is highly publicised, little is known about MD education interventions. This exploratory study aimed to provide insight into methodology and effectiveness of the MD as a nutrition education and health promotion tool. Design and setting: Two searches were conducted within PubMed using the terms 'Mediterranean diet' and 'Education' or 'Intervention'. Abstracts yielded were screened for distinct studies in which participants were instructed on the application of MD principles in their diet. Four studies met this criterion. These were further analysed for sample/target population, and intervention design, duration, tools, evaluative measures/tests and outcomes. Results: Interventions targeted both healthy and at-risk populations and lasted between 12 weeks to 1 year, including follow-up. They used individual counselling, tailored computer-based counselling, group education, internet-based education, cookery classes and printed materials. Outcomes were measured using food diaries, FFQ, questionnaires on psychosocial factors and on usage of the educational tools, as well as anthropometrics and biomarkers. Interventions showed statistically significant increases in participants' intake of vegetables, legumes, nuts, fruit, whole grains, seeds, olive oil and dietary PUFA and MUFA, and statistically significant decreases in total cholesterol, ox-LDL-cholesterol, total:HDL-cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance, BMI, body weight and waist circumference. Conclusions: MD education interventions may be cost-effective strategies for helping to protect against and treat a variety of health problems in different populations. Details of such interventions need to be publicised internationally. This introductory review could help inform the design of future targeted MD nutrition education.

To assess the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in rural Lebanon. A cross-sectional study on a sample of households with at least one child aged 0-2 years. In a one-to-one interview, participants completed an adapted Arabic version of the HFIAS. In order to evaluate the validity of the HFIAS, basic sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements of the mother and child, and dietary intake data of the child were obtained. In order to examine reproducibility, the HFIAS was re-administered after 3 months. Rural Lebanon. Mother and child pairs (n 150). Factor analysis of HFIAS items revealed two factors: &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;insufficient food quality&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;insufficient food quantity&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;. Using Pearson&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s correlation, food insecurity was inversely associated with mother&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s and father&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s education levels, number of cars and electrical appliances in the household, income, weight-for-age and length-for-age of the child and the child&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s dietary adequacy. In contrast, mother&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s BMI and crowding index were positively associated with food insecurity scores (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0·05 for all correlations). Cronbach&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s α of the scale was 0·91. A moderate correlation was observed between the two administrations of the questionnaire (intra-class correlation = 0·58; P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0·05). Our findings indicated that the adapted Arabic version of the HFIAS is a valid and reliable tool to assess food insecurity in rural Lebanon, lending further evidence to the utility of the HFIAS in assessing food insecurity in culturally diverse populations.

This research explored the effects of food choice motives, nutritional knowledge, and the use of food labels, on attitude toward food with health claims. Food with health claims was chosen as a relatively novel category of products designed to be beneficial for health. We identified eight motives served by food in general, and tested if they serve as motivations to positively evaluate functional food. Questionnaire was administered on nationally representative samples of 3085 respondents from six Western Balkan countries. We proposed two structural models relating an extensive list of eight and, alternatively, restricted list of three food-choice motives (health, mood and sensory appeal) to attitude toward functional food. We also expected the indirect association between the health motive and attitude, through nutritional knowledge and use of food labels. The results revealed highly positive, although undifferentiated attitude toward functional food, with no significant differences between the countries. The restricted model provided a better fit then the exhaustive model; the health motive was proven to have indirect influence on attitude through knowledge and label use. The implications of these findings for functional approach to attitudes, understanding the demand for functional food and overcoming barriers to dietary change are discussed.