Proffesional Ethics

Illegal practice of the medical profession has become a matter of great interest, especially following a case recently publicized by the Romanian mass media, which involved Italian citizen Matteo Politi and few clinics in Bucharest. How, as many other crimes, this criminal act is committed by the author with the support of other individuals, both physical and legal, we think will be helpful the detailed analysis that we propose to do through this article, on the attributions of public authorities and public and private sanitary units involved in the provision of medical services in Romania. Starting from these duties and responsibilities, we are going to extract the way in which there is a criminal liability in the event of failing or faulty fulfillment and to frame the deed in the legal provisions, in the context of the author's committing the offense of illegal exercising the profession of doctor.

The article is divided to professional identity of woman. The article analyzes the notion of professional
identity in the historical context, social status of a professional related with his or her area; way of professional
identity of woman in traditional, industrial and modern society. The result of the research is as follows:
professional identity of woman requires to donate not only the traditional role of women in a family, but also
to hold opposite values and ideals. As a result it is very difficult for a modern woman to form a complete,
non-controversial system of values.
Key words: profession, gender, self-made man, family, identity, feminism.

Статья посвящена проблеме самоопределения женщины в профессии. В работе раскрывается
понятие самоопределения в профессии в его историческом контексте, анализируется социальный ста-
тус профессионала в зависимости от его профессиональной деятельности; рассматривается характер
самоопределения женщины в традиционном, индустриальном и современном обществах. По резуль-
татам исследования делается вывод, что самоопределение в профессии современной женщины требу-
ет от нее не только отчасти пожертвовать традиционной ролью женщины в семье, но и придержи-
ваться противоречивых ценностей и идеалов, в результате чего формирование целостной системы
ценностей сильно затрудняется.
Ключевые слова: профессия, гендер, self-made man, семья, самоопределение, феминизм.

1. Abstract Professional autonomy is positively related to professional involvement, job satisfaction, motivation and meta-cognitive learning processes in developing a profession and its workplace practice. It also affects the general well-being of individual professionals. Increased professional autonomy is associated with increased task variability and better customized patient-centered care. However, health profession in developing countries faces occupational injustice with violated role autonomy, hindering them from securing the full benefits of autonomy for its members, and impacting ability for future growth pathway for the profession. The aim of this paper is to present an analytical perspective of the current issues affecting the autonomy and progress of the Occupational Therapy profession in Malaysia. Three key concerns emerged. These were:-i) low numbers of occupational therapists in Malaysia, ii) low quality and lack of university-based education and iii) low professional autonomy experienced by Malaysian occupational therapists due to the dominance of the medical rehabilitation discipline. These issues affect the advancement of cost-effective, evidence-based, best practice for the consumers of rehabilitation in Malaysia who need occupational therapy clinical services. These issues have reduced the independence and interdisciplinary role of Malaysian occupational therapists in health and social care.

This paper dwells on the relationship between judicial empathy and integrity. It claims that for the emergence and proper functioning of judicial empathy as a kind of judicial virtue, a number of conditions needed to be fulfilled, including the development of judicial integrity. The paper aims to unpack this argument and to demonstrate judicial empathy and integrity in action as exemplified particularly by judicial behaviour observed during empirical research in Cracow lower courts. The overall perspective for examining the relationship between judicial empathy and integrity rests on the developmental vision of a judge. Although the presented research fits into the broader interest in judicial empathy and judicial virtues, the paper contains concrete examples of verbal and non-verbal behaviours of a judge that demonstrate how judicial empathy co-functions with other skills and virtues. In general, the paper opposes the marginalisation of judicial skills and virtues.

The Proposed Model Code of Conduct for Mediators is based on a comprehensive theory of mediators’ ethics discussed, explained, and justified in A Theory of Mediators' Ethics. The theory presents the ethical norms that apply to all mediators in Anglo-American societies, and the Proposed Code sums up the minimum requirements applicable to them.           
The Proposed Code may be useful first and foremost to mediators who are not subject to a formal code of conduct and need guidance. As for mediators, mediator organizations, legislators, and scholars who think otherwise and adopt or advocate norms that differ from the Proposed Code, the Code and the Theory of Mediators' Ethics would be useful in two ways. First, the Proposed Code would provide them with resources for thinking critically about their decision, and challenge them to justify their decision on the basis of a competing theory of mediators’ ethics. And second, as codes of conduct for mediators are often vague, abstract, and have gaps, the Proposed Code may be useful for complementing existing codes by offering tools for interpreting such codes in a manner consistent as far as possible with the Proposed Code and for filling in lacunae in codes in light of the Proposed Code (pp. 121-122).

Debiting Ethics In Indonesia Accountant's Soul: Empowerment of The Value of Pancasila By Lecturer. Ethics establishment has been being crucial problem in accounting profesion because of its important roles and its public serving function. Many cases about accountant and the rise of globalization have made an important need of glorious value of Pancasila empowerment. Without it, code of ethics will become useless and accountant's role won't be aimed to public interest, but for the particular ones. Accounting lecturers as the mindset referrer, have to develop their student's spiritual quotient and put the value of Pancasila into accounting, in addition to intellegence and emotional quotient. Accounting student is the future accountant. The future of the nation lies in their hands.

Pendebetan Etika Dalam Jiwa Akuntan Indonesia: Pemupukan Nilai Pancasila Oleh Pendidik. Penerapan etika menjadi masalah krusial pada profesi akuntan karena perannya yang penting dan melayani publik. Banyaknya kasus penyimpangan yang terjadi dan derasnya arus globalisasi menuntut adanya penanaman nilai-nilai luhur dalam Pancasila, karena tanpanya, kehadiran kode etik akan sia-sia dan peran akuntan tak lagi untuk semua pihak, namun kalangan tertentu. Dosen akuntansi sebagai pengarah pola pikir, wajib mengembangkan kecerdasan spiritual mahasiswa dan memupuk nilai Pancasila di dalam akuntansi, selain kecerdasan intelektual dan emosional. Mahasiswa akuntansi adalah calon akuntan dan di tangan mereka terletak masa depan bangsa.

Task: professional orientation, for children and young orphans - finding born talent and offering conditions for orientation and development in adaptability to their born talent. (so the main objective of the project will be empowering and enhancing the born talents and genetically transmitted talents into Orphans).

Method: Professionals from all of the fields will be also workers (while they hold their ordinary daily job) into the project of *Orientation* that professional personnel will be paid by the hours spent.

Children's capacities and talents will be researched through Psychological Games and other similar practical activities, but the young and the already mature people will be researched by ordinary research methods, with practical works, and through computer-based analysis, we will find the most original naturally born talents inside of them.

All of these researches will be done in the most professional method.

Se muestran resultados preliminares de un modelo de formación profesional para estudiantes de semestres iniciales de la carrera de Psicología, quienes participaron en estancias de un semestre dentro de instituciones privadas y laboratorios de investigación básica en la Facultad de Psicología de la UNAM, bajo el apoyo y supervisión de psicólogos (Acompañantes académicos, AA) que se dedican a la investigación y la intervención.

Se encuentran diferencias en torno a las pautas de organización y comunicación de acuerdo al tipo de escenario, lo cual se relaciona a su vez con diferencias en cuanto a los mecanismos de apoyo hacia los estudiantes, roles de los diferentes participantes y valores con que se asume la profesión en laboratorios e instituciones donde labora el psicólogo.

La identificación de dos tipos de ethos profesional nos lleva a contemplar dos nociones diferentes sobre la Psicología: como ciencia y como profesión. Sin embargo los elementos referidos a los valores con que el psicólogo asume su labor (como la responsabilidad, compromiso y entrega) fueron percibidos de forma muy positiva por parte de los alumnos en uno y otro escenario.

Se discute el papel del Acompañante académico como un referente significativo en la relación con el estudiante, en su valoración sobre la experiencia, y en específico, en la identificación y construcción de sentido sobre lo que implica hacer psicología.

PALABRAS CLAVE: formación del psicólogo, investigación, intervención, ethos profesional, identificación.

El estudio de la ética en planificación urbana y urbanismo es un tema importante pero de baja prioridad. Ese era el caso del programa de estudios de la carrera de urbanismo de la Universidad Simón Bolívar (Caracas), al que estuve vinculado desde que ingresé como estudiante en el año 1976 y de cuyo personal docente formé parte entre 1984 y 2006.

¿Por qué no le prestamos más atención al tema? Los asuntos éticos o morales en planificación, como en otras profesiones, son dilemáticos y controversiales, muchas veces no los resuelve un código ni la adopción de un modelo de planificación determinado.

No hay actividad dentro del proceso general de planificación que no implique una escogencia de carácter ético. Son escogencias que en no pocas ocasiones se hacen sin atención a sus implicaciones éticas o incluso se piensa que son netamente técnicas y por tanto valorativamente neutras.

Por tanto, teniendo en cuenta los retos presentes y futuros que se le plantean a las ciudades de América Latina, me parece pertinente introducir y estudiar el tema. Tanto más cuando, desde el campo de la teoría de la planificación, existe una amplia bibliografía sobre este asunto. Se podría empezar con autores pioneros, como Paul Davidoff (1965) al que me referiré en la primera parte de este trabajo o el muy citado Peter Marcuse (1976), y otros como Klosterman (1978, 1999), Howe y Kaufman (1979), Kaufman (1993). Así como otros que también calificarían como “planning interpreters” de la filosofía moral:  Fischer (1983, 1991), Harper & Stein (1983, 1993, 1996), Wachs (1985 y 2013), Lucy (1988), Campbell (1996),  Hendler  (1996, 1999), Mazza (1996), Mandelbaum (1996), Verma (1996), todos los cuales sólo constituyen una mínima muestra  de la vasta bibliografía que sobre el tema se viene acumulando desde los años setenta, al menos en los Estados Unidos.

Dicho esto, el presente documento contiene tres partes; la primera, aborda el posicionamiento ético propuesto, a mediados de los años sesenta, por  Paul Davidoff, el cual parece seguir teniendo influencia entre los planificadores de Estados Unidos y otras partes del mundo. Este análisis se efectúa poniendo por delante elementos de la teoría comunicativa que permiten destacar las insuficiencias de que adolece la propuesta del modelo de planificación pluralista de Davidoff.

En conexión con lo anterior, la segunda parte, analiza el código de ética del Instituto Americano de Planificadores Certificados  (AICP por sus siglas en inglés) en su versión  del año 2021. La atención se concentra  en sus principios generales, en particular el de interés público como principio fundamental. Es un documento que merece atención, su análisis puede ser útil para asociaciones profesionales del campo del urbanismo y la planificación urbana en Latinoamérica.

La tercera y última parte recoge las conclusiones del trabajo en cuatro aspectos: alternativa al principio del interés público como fundamento de la planificación, nuevas orientaciones éticas, importancia de contar  con un código de ética profesional en este campo y por último sugerencias dirigidas a la academia en cuanto a la incorporación de la ética en los programas de estudio de planificación urbana y urbanismo.

El trabajo, en suma, pretende estimular el interés por un tema que tiene muchas posibilidades de desarrollo teórico y práctico en el contexto latinoamericano.

Notaris adalah Pejabat Umum yang mana berwenang untuk membuat akta autentik dan memiliki kewenangan lainnya sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris atau berdasarkan undang-undang lainnya.. Dalam mengawasi para Notaris dalam menjalankan jabatannya tersebut secara peraturan dibuatlah suatu pengawas untuk Notaris agar dalam menjalankan jabatannya tersebut sesuai dengan peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku dan tidak melebihi kewenangan Notaris tersebut yang mana pengawas notaris tersebut diawasi oleh 2 (dua) lembaga etik yaitu Majelis Pengawas Notaris dan Majelis Kehormatan Notaris.

1. Abstract Professional autonomy is positively related to professional involvement, job satisfaction, motivation and meta-cognitive learning processes in developing a profession and its workplace practice. It also affects the general well-being of individual professionals. Increased professional autonomy is associated with increased task variability and better customized patient-centered care. However, health profession in developing countries faces occupational injustice with violated role autonomy, hindering them from securing the full benefits of autonomy for its members, and impacting ability for future growth pathway for the profession. The aim of this paper is to present an analytical perspective of the current issues affecting the autonomy and progress of the Occupational Therapy profession in Malaysia. Three key concerns emerged. These were:-i) low numbers of occupational therapists in Malaysia, ii) low quality and lack of university-based education and iii) low professiona...

Protecting patients’ personal autonomy is one of the most pressing issues in medicine as well as in law. In this sense, the aim of the study is to determine the essence of the patient’s personal autonomy and the legal consequences of infringement in personal interests. It is particularly interesting to determine the characteristics of informed consent by analyzing Georgian and European approaches. Furthermore, it is important to study medical secrets. It seems that ensuring a patient’s personal autonomy is based on the respect towards an individual and the rules on giving informed consent. It turned out that informed consent should be voluntarily issued before medical intervention, be understood and provided in a simple language for the patient. Georgia has to consider a well-accepted approach in Europe that informed consent is seen as a component of respect for private life, while medical intervention without a consent of patient constitutes a violation of the private life. Exceptions might exist, such as - emergency situations. However, it was found that it is advisable to use the term “medical secrets” instead of the term “doctoral secrets” in order to protect the personal interests of the patient and to avoid narrowing the circle of those responsible for. According to the research, the lack of informed consent can cause both material and non-material damage. It is particularly important to avoid non-determination of health and causing non-material damage during medical interventions without informed consent. It is recommended to extend the provisions of Article 413 of the Civil Code of Georgia to this case. Additionally, if personal virtues (dignity, privacy, etc.) have been violated while breaching a patient’s personal autonomy, the rules set forth in Article 18 of the Civil Code should apply.

This text was uploaded on December 23, however, as the access to it was definitely blocked, nobody could read it. Therefore I am trying to upload it again (Dec. 26).
Now, not only the manipulation of statistics data on the www.academia.edu website, about which I have written many times since 2018 (https://dainst.academia.edu/MikhailTreister/Mail-correspondance-with-Academia-Support), but also other simple methods of excluding from the scientific circulation the publications of those scholars, who pay attention to the shortcomings in their work and allow themselves to criticize them.You allow yourself to criticize us, you pay attention to the shortcomings of our work. Get it – we will make it so that no one else will know what you write and publish. The logic of these actions is not only defective, but also harmful. As a matter of fact, we are now talking not only about obvious manipulations with statistics, but also about an attempt to “turn off” from the scientific circulation the publication of a person you do not like, who allowed himself to criticize you. I believe that this directly contradicts the objectives of the "paper-sharing social network", which aim is to connect researchers with common interests. Once again, www.academia.edu discredits itself by engaging in unworthy actions

Aims
To advance the education and understanding of the public, both in the UK and internationally of Green Economics and Social and Environmental Perspectives. This Charity specialises in Education.
To educate the public around the world about Green Economics and also economics reform for social and environmental justice in a very inclusive way.
Activities of the Trust
Education, research, training and the development of a global network of contacts to raise awareness of green economics internationally.
Credited with Creating the Academic Discipline of Green Economics
Work
The work of the Trust is to promote education in the field of Green Economics, including economics and financial reform to enable social and environmental justice.
The four pillars of Green Economics, in a framework of social and moral underpinning: Policymaking, Campaigning, Business, Academic
We think education is the key to spreading the word and so we set up a Publishing House with books to spread the word. We teach the Institutes’ courses, run seminars, examinations for Professional Qualifications and enjoy mentoring students. We have lectured & published in Universities around Europe: eg. Bolzano, Riga, Alicante and Oxford University. We train large companies all around Europe, giving Pavement Talks, After Dinner Speeches & many other kinds of public speaking.
An International and InclusiveTrust
Truly international in its scope, it has now built a Global Network in about 48 countries which is growing all the time. The Institute is a member of the European Network of Political Foundations and the Green European Foundation. We believe everyone counts and everyone matters, and our team is both
inclusive and colourful. We walk the talk and practice what we advocate.

Annotation
The article is designed to describe the features of the formation of the professional culture of modern youth in Ukraine. We strive to reveal the value orientations, interests, and approaches to the choice of professions in our country. To study and analyze the experience of our country, especially in the western region, in the formation of future professionals. This experience will take into account the impact of this issue on the formation of guidelines for professional culture in a changing and dynamic world. After all, not only in Ukraine but all over the world, it is difficult to predict which professions will be relevant in the future. It is even more difficult to predict what knowledge, skills, and abilities need to be formed in future professionals so that they are satisfied with their skills, their own professional status, see their prospects for development. The results of our survey were obtained on the basis of a direct survey of 60 students of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, who are studying in the first and fourth years of the Faculty of Psychology and Sociology. Moreover, it was important for us to conduct a comparative analysis of young people’s values and their characteristics, in particular, the volitional component, to understand whether values change during education and how much our young people are willing to take responsibility for their professional development and professional culture.

The methodological basis of our article is the provisions of psychological science, which relate to a greater generalization of the results of theoretical aspects of the psychological approach, namely: the essence and development of personality as an active subject of professional activity, features of professionalization of future professionals and their values. We came to the conclusion that professional culture is a complex integrative factor that combines interdependent holistic phenomena, such as axiological (value), operational, and personal creative. The value of this article is that our study can help the Department of Youth Policy in Ukraine, what to look for when developing school curricula and what aspects of modern professional culture will allow young people to be effectively implemented professionally both in Ukraine and outside it.

Keywords: youth, professional culture, value orientations, the psychology of culture, professional formation.