Prehistoric Technology Research Papers

In molti contesti preistorici e protostorici italiani sono largamente rinvenuti resti strutturali in terra e conglomerati architettonici combusti o parzialmente cementati. La loro caratterizzazione tecnologica è un passo importante per... more

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- by Miguel Castaño
- •
- Prehistoric Technology

The retouching bone tools are characteristic items from european middle Paleolithic assemblages, so are they related with stone knapping. They are present in many sites from France, central-east Europe, and also the Iberian Peninsula.... more

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- by Ayşe Bursalı and +1
  Emma L Baysal
- •
- 14
  Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Mediterranean prehistory, Anatolian Archaeology

A metalwork hoard dated to the Wilburton phase of the later Bronze Age, found at Barway close to the Isle of Ely in the Cambridgeshire Fens, is reported. Consideration of the hoard, in the context of later prehistoric hoarding in the... more

Analysis was performed on absorbed and visible residues from 21 New York State prehistoric pottery sherds dating from 2905 ± 35 bp (Intcal04) (1256–998 cal bc) to 425 ± 40 bp (Intcal04) (1417–1626 cal ad). The use of pine resin was... more

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- by John P Hart and +1
  Eleanora Reber
- •
- 33
  Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Social Sciences, Paleoethnobotany (Anthropology)

This paper reviews the evidence for Neolithic burial practices in SE Arabia, focusing in particular on sites in the Ja'alan region of eastern Oman. Attention is given to the nature of material buried with human remains, including... more

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- by Vincent CHARPENTIER
- •
- 111
  Religion, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Death

The article presents chosen aspects of foundry engineering of the settlement dwellers, including the archaeometric characteristics and metal science analysis of the artefacts, as well as an attempted reconstruction of the production... more

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- by Aldona Garbacz-Klempka and +1
  Przemysław Makarowicz
- •
- 19
  Prehistoric Archaeology, Microstructure, Metallurgy, Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper deals with wood tar production in the central Swedish province Uppland during the first millennium CE. At the beginning of this period, small pits for wood tar production seem to have been a fairly common feature within... more

Kniha byla vydána v Praze roku 1941 / The book was published in Prague in 1941.

Résumé : Depuis quelques années, la multiplication des découvertes a permis aux études sur l’outillage lithique des métallurgistes de se développer. Le nombre croissant d’outils, majoritairement confectionnés sur des lames polies... more

Sebbene l'archeologia subacquea mantenga presso il grande pubblíco un'aura di mistero e di diversità, i dibattiti teorici che hanno caratferizzato l'ultimo trentennio sono serviti, in definitiva, anche a sgomberare il campo dalle... more

This article discusses the octagonal-hilted swords which were developed in Bronze Age Central Europe but also occur in large numbers in Northern Europe. Furthermore it tries to explain this remarkable distribution and the adoption of... more

This reports contains the results of exploratory experiments connected the archaeological investigations at the prehistoric site of Las Capas, AZ AA:12:111(ASM), situated in the Tucson Basin of southern Arizona. The experiments focused on... more

Pots as tools is a concept that has been widely accepted and developed since Braun’s classic 1983 publication. However, in northeastern North America archaeologists continue to use pottery primarily as an aid to culture history and... more

By c. 3000 BCE, in the late Neolithic, there had been a significant change in the way people materialized their cosmology across Scotland with the introduction of free-standing stones that continued to be erected almost until the end of... more

By c. 3000 BCE, in the late Neolithic, there had been a significant change in the way people materialized their cosmology across Scotland with the introduction of free-standing stones that continued to be erected almost until the end of the Bronze Age (Burl, 1993, 2000). Significantly, a series of astronomical patternings have been empirically verified for many Bronze Age monuments that were erected in the latter Bronze Age (Higginbottom et al., 2000, 2001, 2015). Further, two series of complex landscape patternings associated with the monuments and their orientations have been identified (Higginbottom et al., 2015; Higginbottom and Clay, in press). However, when and where these patterns were first associated with standing-stone structures was unknown. Through innovative statistics and software we show that visible astronomical-landscape variables found at BronzeAge sites on the
inner isles and mainland of western Scotland were actually first established in stone nearly two millennia earlier, likely with the erection of two of the earliest dated British 'great circles': Callanish on the Isle of Lewis and Stenness on the Isle of Orkney. In particular,we introduce our new statistical test that enables the quantitative determination of astronomical connections of stone circles. It is seen that whilst different standing-stone monuments were created over time (Burl, 1993, 2000; Higginbottom et al., 2015) with a mixture of landscape variables (Higginbottom et al., 2015), we nevertheless see that highly relevant landscape markers and other aspects remained unchanged through these years. This suggests that there is some continuity of this cosmological system through time, despite the various radical material and social changes that occurred from the late Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age (Lynch, 2000; Mullin, 2001; Owoc, 2001).
https://www.altmetric.com/details/10434023#score
Co-author: Roger Clay

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

For copy of early draft paper see pre-print server:
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.1338v2.pdf
LINK to pre-print article under file drop down menu in full document view (click on heading of this article if still on my main academia.edu page).

This early draft has half the explanatory text of the methodology of our JAS Reports paper. It is a condensed piece in a form similar to a Nature paper with supplementary text containing some explanations; please feel free to contact for more information.

The study of Mesolithic blade industries in northern Europe has contributed to gaining a deeper insight into prehistoric technological choices by applying a dynamical technological approach. In this study, the authors applied this... more

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- by Svein Vatsvåg Nielsen and +1
  Torgeir Winther
- •
- 10
  Prehistoric Archaeology, Mesolithic Archaeology, Prehistoric Technology, Mesolithic Europe

The origin of clothing reflects the loss of hair cover in hominin evolution and the resulting vulnerability of humans to cold stress during the global climate changes of the ice ages. Other theories about the origin of clothes suggest a... more

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- by Ian Gilligan
- •
- 28
  Human Physiology, Ethology, Psychology, Psychoanalysis

En este capítulo se presenta la secuencia de ocupación de Los Castillejos en las Peñas de los Gitanos (Montefrío, Granada) de forma extensa y se hace una valoración d elos cambios paleoambientales y paleoeconómicos. Ademas se describe la... more

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- by Kozhin Pavel M.
- •
- 49
  Social Theory, Asian Studies, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology

This article considers the stoneworking techniques and implements that were employed in the production of the Lion Gate relief at Mycenae, as deduced from tool marks preserved on the sculpture. Examination of these traces has revealed... more

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- by Viktor Vietrov
- •
- 122
  History, Ancient History, Cultural History, Economic History

Widestem points are to some degree common at the Witt Site (Ca-Kin-32) locality of Tulare Lake. Within the Hopkins collection, there are 101 examples of widestem points that were complete enough to allow classification. These artifacts... more

Widestem points are to some degree common at the Witt Site (Ca-Kin-32) locality of Tulare Lake. Within the Hopkins collection, there are 101 examples of widestem points that were complete enough to allow classification. These artifacts were manufactured from a variety of toolstone materials. Most of these points were fashioned from locally available chert (cryptocrystalline silicate = ccs) and other materials (fine grained volcanic = fgv) including basalt, fine grained igneous (aka rhyolite), quartz (crystal, milk white and rose) and quartzite (n = 65) along with (n = 36) specimens made of obsidian (obs). Virtually identical point forms to the Tulare Lake Widestems are recognized from Northern California and are identified at the Borax Lake Site (CA-LAK-36) and in the larger vicinity of the Clear Lake region. Those North Coast Range projectile point forms (known as Borax Lake Widestem Points) appear to overlap in age with both fluted points and crescents, but continue to be employed until a more recent era discontinuing at a time estimated to be 6,000 years cal b.p. In the present study, we formally classify Tulare Lake Widestem Point forms from Tulare Lake found within the Witt locality and determine whether they are of comparable age to other early Holocene artifacts recovered from Borax Lake. The entire sample of formally classifiable Tulare Lake Widestem Points manufactured from obsidian was analyzed to both chemically characterize these artifacts as to provenience (geographic source) and to determine their obsidian hydration measurements. Obsidian studies appear to date the Tulare Lake Widestem Points to an average age of 8,250 calibrated years before present. Applying a single standard deviation added to that mean or average provides a time range for the bulk of the Tulare Lake Widestem assemblage from ca. 7,500 to 9,000 years ago. Source determinations for Tulare Lake Widestem show that a brisk trade was taking place with imported obsidian coming from Fish Springs, Coso, Annadel and Casa Diablo obsidian sources. Most of the obsidian Widestems at Tulare Lake came from the Casa Diablo suite of obsidian sources. This obsidian toolstone contributes a significant portion to the Widestem assemblage and testifies to long range movement and the value of the imported toolstone to the indigenous people who occupied Tulare Lake.

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- by Alan Garfinkel
- •
- 12
  Archaeology, Anthropology, Obsidian, Lithic Technology

Delphi formerly also called Pytho , is the ancient sanctuary that grew rich as the seat of Pythia, the oracle who was consulted about important decisions throughout the ancient classical world. The ancient Greeks considered the centre of... more

Delphi formerly also called Pytho , is the ancient sanctuary that grew rich as the seat of Pythia, the oracle who was consulted about important decisions throughout the ancient classical world. The ancient Greeks considered the centre of the world to be in Delphi, marked by the stone monument known as the omphalos (navel).

It occupies a site on the south-western slope of Mount Parnassus, overlooking the coastal plain to the south and the valley of Phocis.

Delphi is located in upper central Greece, on multiple plateaux along the slope of Mount Parnassus, and includes the Sanctuary of Apollo (the god of light, knowledge and harmony), the site of the ancient Oracle. This semicircular spur is known as Phaedriades, and overlooks the Pleistos Valley.

In myths dating to the classical period of Ancient Greece (510–323 BC), Zeus determined the site of Delphi when he sought to find the centre of his "Grandmother Earth" (Gaia). He sent two eagles flying from the eastern and western extremities, and the path of the eagles crossed over Delphi where the omphalos, or navel of Gaia was found.

Earlier myths include traditions that Pythia, or the Delphic oracle, already was the site of an important oracle in the pre-classical Greek world (as early as 1400 BC) and, rededicated from about 800 BC, when it served as the major site during classical times for the worship of the god Apollo.
Apollo was said to have slain Python, a "drako" a serpent or a dragon who lived there and protected the navel of the Earth.
"Python" is claimed by some to be the original name of the site in recognition of Python which Apollo defeated.
The Homeric Hymn to Delphic Apollo recalled that the ancient name of this site had been Krisa. Others relate that it was named Pytho and that Pythia, the priestess serving as the oracle, was chosen from their ranks by a group of priestesses who officiated at the temple.

Excavation at Delphi, which was a post-Mycenaean settlement of the late 9th century, has uncovered artifacts increasing steadily in volume beginning with the last quarter of the 8th century BC. Pottery and bronze as well as tripod dedications continue in a steady stream, in contrast to Olympia. Neither the range of objects nor the presence of prestigious dedications proves that Delphi was a focus of attention for a wide range of worshippers, but the large quantity of valuable goods, found in no other mainland sanctuary, encourages that view.

Apollo's sacred precinct in Delphi was a Panhellenic Sanctuary, where every four years, starting in 586 BC athletes from all over the Greek world competed in the Pythian Games, one of the four Panhellenic Games, precursors of the Modern Olympics. The victors at Delphi were presented with a laurel crown (stephanos) which was ceremonially cut from a tree by a boy who re-enacted the slaying of the Python.
(These competitions are also called stephantic games, after the crown.) Delphi was set apart from the other games sites because it hosted the mousikos agon, musical competitions.

These Pythian Games rank second among the four stephanitic games chronologically and in importance.
These games, though, were different from the games at Olympia in that they were not of such vast importance to the city of Delphi as the games at Olympia were to the area surrounding Olympia. Delphi would have been a renowned city regardless of whether it hosted these games; it had other attractions that led to it being labeled the "omphalos" (navel) of the earth, in other words, the centre of the world.

In the inner hestia (hearth) of the Temple of Apollo, an eternal flame burned. After the battle of Plataea, the Greek cities extinguished their fires and brought new fire from the hearth of Greece, at Delphi; in the foundation stories of several Greek colonies, the founding colonists were first dedicated at Delphi.

The findings of several researchers in the late 1990s and early 2000s appeared to corroborate Classical Greek accounts of divinatory ceremonies at Delphi. The Greek author Plutarch, in the first century C.E., wrote about the Oracle (also known as the Pythia), a succession of priestesses of Apollo who figured prominently in Greek culture for over a thousand years.
Plutarch described how a woman would enter a small chamber ("adyton") in the temple of Apollo and inhale sweet-smelling vapors ("pneuma") from a fissure in the mountain before entering a trance. From this state, she would provide responses to seekers' inquiries posed to her by the intermediary of priests, who interpreted her pronouncements for them. Other ancient texts mention mysterious vapors at the temple site at Delphi, as well as the priestess's trance states. At least one portrayal of the Oracle painted on pottery could be interpreted in support of the written texts.

Findings from later geological and chemical analyses appeared to support the view that the Oracle may have inhaled naturally occurring ethylene (ethene) gas as part of the ceremony.

The Ghassulian culture of the Southern Levant (ca. 4500-4000) developed a sophisticated metal-working technology that featured alloying and advanced lost-wax technique. Considering that it was preceded by Neolithic cultures unfamiliar... more

The Ghassulian culture of the Southern Levant (ca. 4500-4000) developed a sophisticated metal-working technology that featured alloying and advanced lost-wax technique. Considering that it was preceded by Neolithic cultures unfamiliar with metal, the Ghassulian not only developed the technology, but also had to integrate it into the social fabric. We argue that this was done through a set of rituals – resulting in ritualized metallurgy. By using the term ritualized metallurgy we imply that the whole production process, from collecting ore to casting objects was carried out in the framework of magical procedures relating to the supernatural. The transformational quality of smelting that relates metallurgy to alchemy and the repertoire of Ghassulian copper objects support this view. In absence of direct archaeological evidence for ritual during smelting and casting on Ghassulian sites, we turn to a wide range of examples known from the ethnographic record, with emphasis on extractive metallurgy and lost-wax casting. Most of these examples come from Africa where numerous studies have been done on indigenous metal-working, but also from India, Siberia, Americas, etc. These examples show that ritualization of metallurgy was widespread prior to industrialization of the craft. Furthermore, while considering the ethnographic examples, one easily notices that remains of such rituals would be very difficult or impossible to uncover archaeologically because they leave either no or scarce material evidence. Although it is not advisable to take ethnographic examples as exact analogies to what Ghassulian ritual looked like, we believe they offer a good idea of the repertoire of ritual behavior that we could expect to be practiced in the past. Acknowledging the existence of such rituals changes our perspective of the past, suggesting new ways of understanding how metallurgical technology might have changed the social structure of late Ghassulian communities such as those in the Nahal Beer Sheva area.

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- by Milena Gošić and +1
  Isaac Gilead
- •
- 9
  Prehistoric Archaeology, Ethnography, Metallurgy, Chalcolithic Archaeology

Les anneaux-disques irréguliers alsaciens et alpins Pierre Pétrequin, Anne-Marie Pétrequin, Yvan Pailler, Daniel Buthod-Ruffier, Serge Cassen, Anthony Denaire, Michel Errera, Luc Jaccottey, Frédéric Jallet, Frédéric Prodéo et Ute... more

Les anneaux-disques irréguliers alsaciens et alpins

Pierre Pétrequin, Anne-Marie Pétrequin, Yvan Pailler, Daniel Buthod-Ruffier, Serge Cassen, Anthony Denaire, Michel Errera, Luc Jaccottey, Frédéric Jallet, Frédéric Prodéo et Ute Seidel

Irregular-shaped disc-rings from Alsace and the Alps

Irregular-shaped disc-rings from Alsace, mostly made from serpentinite, constitute a well-defined typological group. While the central perforation is circular, the external shape of the cobble – selected from among the recent alluvial deposits of the Rhine between its confluence with the Aar and Kembs – was retained; thus the width of the hoop is variable.

Within the area of production are also found cobble roughouts, polished on both faces but not perforated; these had been brought in either directly or indirectly. And in the north of Franche-Comté, imitations of irregular-shaped disc-rings, made from locally-available rock types such as micaceous schists and pelite-quartz from the southern Vosges, are known.

Production certainly began around the beginning of the fifth millennium. It may have resulted from a combination of factors: an influx of techniques deriving from the Blicquy-Villeneuve-Saint-Germain (B-VSG) culture (as seen at Mühlhausen in Baden-Württemberg) and a geological curiosity of the region, namely the presence of flat cobbles of fine Alpine serpentinite in the alluvial deposits of the Rhine. Production continued throughout the whole of the first half of the fifth millennium, during the development of the Grossgartach and Rössen cultures.

Contrary to previous beliefs, a significant proportion of Alsatian irregular-shaped disc-rings was exported long distances, as far as the Paris Basin and Brittany; here they have been found in B-VSG and later contexts. A number of them were repolished in the Paris Basin, to transform them into disc-rings of regular shape, with quadrangular section, according to the B-VSG norms, before returning them to circulation.

Brittany constituted a secondary centre of attraction for the Alsatian disc-rings, in both their original and repolished forms. The Gulf of Morbihan is the centre of attraction that lies furthest from the production area. At Quiberon/Fort Saint-Julien (Morbihan), in a probably funerary hoard comprising two large repolished adze-heads of Bégude type made from Alpine jade and four large disc-rings, one of the latter, of Rhenish serpentinite, is of Alsatian type. This represents one of the latest contexts of discovery, dating to a little before 4500 BC, a time when the hierarchical social organisation of the Carnac area was beginning to be expressed through the construction of gigantic mounds.

In contrast, to the east, the cultures of central Europe appear not to have been interested in the Alsatian irregular-shaped disc-rings; this strengthens the impression that a rigid frontier existed between two worlds, each defending its own world view.

Résumé

Les anneaux-disques irréguliers alsaciens, pour la plupart en serpentinite, constituent un groupe typologique très bien caractérisé. En effet, tandis que la perforation centrale est circulaire, la forme extérieure des galets – sélectionnés dans les alluvions récentes du Rhin entre son confluent avec l’Aar et Kembs – a été respectée, d’où une couronne de largeur variable.

L’aire de production, directe ou différée, était alimentée par des galets-ébauches simplement polis sur les deux faces, mais non perforés. Dans le nord de la Franche-Comté, les anneaux irréguliers ont également fait l’objet d’imitations en autres roches régionales, comme des schistes micacés et des pélites-quartz des Vosges méridionales.

La production a certainement commencé vers le début du Ve millénaire, faisant peut-être la synthèse d’influx techniques du Blicquy-Villeneuve-Saint-Germain (B-VSG) (comme à Mühlhausen im Hegau, Baden-Württemberg) et d’une curiosité géologique régionale : des galets plats de belle serpentinite alpine dans les alluvions du Rhin. L’essentiel de la production a couvert toute la première moitié du Ve millénaire, durant le développement des cultures de Grossgartach et de Roessen.

Contrairement à ce qui était admis jusqu’ici, une proportion importante d’anneaux-disques irréguliers alsaciens a été exportée à longue distance jusqu’en Bassin parisien et en Bretagne, où on les retrouve dans des contextes B-VSG ou plus tard encore. Nombre d’entre eux ont été repolis dans le Bassin parisien, pour les transformer en anneaux réguliers à section quadrangulaire, selon les normes du B-VSG, avant de les remettre en circulation.

La Bretagne a constitué un centre secondaire d’attraction des anneaux-disques alsaciens, sous leur forme première ou après repolissage, le golfe du Morbihan représentant le centre secondaire d’attraction le plus éloigné de l’aire des producteurs. À Quiberon/Fort Saint-Julien (Morbihan, France), dans un dépôt (probablement funéraire) de deux grandes lames repolies de type Bégude en jades alpins et quatre grands anneaux-disques, un des anneaux en serpentinite rhénane appartient au type alsacien. Il s’agirait là d’une des manifestations les plus tardives, un peu avant le milieu du Ve millénaire, au moment où commençaient à s’exprimer les effets des organisations sociales carnacéennes, telles qu’elles sont illustrées par les tumulus géants.

Au contraire, vers l’est, les anneaux-disques irréguliers alsaciens ont été boudés par les cultures d’Europe centrale, soulignant ainsi la présence d’une frontière stricte entre deux mondes défendant chacun sa propre représentation du monde.

Jeffrey Abdullah, Mokhtar Saidin, Peter Koon and Peter Molijol (2008).Bukti kebudayaan Paleolitik di Lahad Datu Sabah: Laporan Awal.Jurnal Arkeologi Malaysia, 21: pages 21-30

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- by Gonzalo Linares Matás and +2
  Jose Fombella Pedrero
  Jerónimo Miguel Rueda Dicenta
- •
- 160
  History, Ancient History, European History, Military History

More atlatl sources than you could possibly want, notes and opinions on most.
Updated periodically.

Available on: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102579 In the recent past, the archaeological community in European countries has drawn attention to a unique find of bronze ornithomorphic plastic artworks (11th-10th cent. BC), coming... more

Please find part 2 and the files from CD here: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/xb8xdij7qq5f108/AAC0mCgm23abK7oB_msbvCbva?dl=0 Im Rahmen eines durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Projektes wurden Vollgriffschwerter der... more

In this introduction the main research approaches applied to textile tools will be outlined. The ways in which the different groups of artefacts have been studied in the past will be investigated, as well as how more innovative approaches... more

Warfare in Bronze Age Society takes a fresh look at warfare and its role in reshaping Bronze Age society. The Bronze Age represents the global emergence of a militarized society with a martial culture, materialized in a package of new... more

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- by Christian Horn and +1
  Kristian Kristiansen
- •
- 44
  Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Social Identity, Mediterranean prehistory

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Allegheny Archaeology Research (AAR) as a sub-consultant for Stiffler McGraw Engineers has completed a Phase III data recovery study of site 36MC0127 at the proposed Keating Township wastewater treatment facility... more

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
Allegheny Archaeology Research (AAR) as a sub-consultant for Stiffler McGraw Engineers has completed a Phase III data recovery study of site 36MC0127 at the proposed Keating Township wastewater treatment facility located approximately 5 miles (8 km) north of Smethport in the village of Farmers Valley, Keating Township, McKean
County, Pennsylvania. The overall project area of potential effect (APE) including the site area is approximately 4.2 acres (1.7 ha) in size and is included on the Smethport, PA USGS 7.5’ topographic quadrangle at UTM 17N 712510m E by 4637740m N. The site is situated along the Potato Creek, straddling the floodplain of the creek and a higher
bench positioned at the foot of the valley slope. A small unnamed run passes to the north of the site, ultimately forming a confluence with Potato Creek. Potato Creek is a tributary of the Allegheny River and is one of a number of substantial drainages found in the Upper Allegheny River sub-basin.

In response to Keating Township’s request to construct a 85,000 gallon per day wastewater treatment facility including a control building, pump station, sludge beds, storm water retention, ingress and egress, utility line, and outflow pipe leading from the plant to Potato Creek, a Phase III data recovery was initiated at the desired plant site to mitigate the effects to archaeological resources present at site 36MC0127. Keating
Township applied to U.S.D.A Rural Utilities Service (RUS) for financial assistance. RUS provided funding for the project pursuant to the water and waste loan and grant programs (7CFR Part 1780) thereby making it an undertaking subject to review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) 16 U.S.C. § 470F, and its
implementing regulations, 36CFR, Part 800.

Site 36MC0127 was discovered during a Phase I survey that produced a Middle Archaic Otter Creek like point and an isolate find producing an Early Woodland Forest Notched pr0jectile along with a number of Late 19th and early 20th century historic finds associated with the ruins of a house (Davis 2013). Subsequent Phase II testing produced a possible Early Archaic MacCorkle like point and identified a feature and an activity area. The site was determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criterion D for the site’s potential to provide new information relevant to the field of archaeology and was recommended for Phase III data recovery (Davis 2013).

The goal of the Phase III data recovery was to mitigate the loss of data anticipated through construction of the wastewater treatment plant. Archaeological methods employed during investigations on site included surface collection, hand-excavated units, and mechanical stripping. The testing was carried out under a Memorandum of
Agreement (MOA) drafted by Rural Utilities Service and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission with the Seneca Nation of Indians (SNI) acting as a concurring party. Archaeological investigations were conducted in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic
Preservation and the guidelines set forth in Guidelines for Architectural Investigations in Pennsylvania published by the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), the Bureau for Historic Preservation (BHP), and the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission (PHMC) (2014).

The Phase III data recovery was conducted from August 3, 2015 to October 10, 2015. Andrew J. Myers, MA and Patricia A. Stahlman, MS served as co-Principal Investigators and handled all aspects of field and laboratory work. They were joined on occasion by Dr. Stanley Lantz (ret) formerly of the Carnegie Museum and Donna Smith who volunteered to perform necessary tasks as the study advanced. In keeping with an
overall goal of the project which is public outreach and education, field days frequently included interaction with Keating Township residents and employees, members of the SNI, and RUS personnel regarding the Section 106 process, the goals of Phase III archaeology, and the significance of the Keating site (36MC0127). Video footage was
captured during various phases of the ongoing fieldwork. All artifacts and project documentation will be housed at the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

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- by Andrew J . Myers and +1
  Patricia Stahlman
- •
- 3
  Settlement Patterns, North American archaeology, Prehistoric Technology

Available on: https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2020-0011 This paper synthesises and analyses archaeological data on the Nitrianska Blatnica II hoard of metal artefacts (Ha C1a; 800–725 BC) from the hilltop settlement of Marhát. Currently,... more

English abstract: Since the discovery in 1860 of La Pastora, one of the most beautiful and outstanding megalithic constructions of Iberia, the Copper Age and Bronze Age site of Valencina de la Concepción – Castilleja de Guzmán has... more

English abstract: Since the discovery in 1860 of La Pastora, one of the most beautiful and outstanding megalithic constructions of Iberia, the Copper Age and Bronze Age site of Valencina de la Concepción – Castilleja de Guzmán has provided an unceasing series of archaeological finds of the utmost significance. Today, a hundred and fifty years after the earliest discoveries, this volume offers an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the research carried out at this site, which underlines, first and foremost, its importance as a scientific and cultural resource. Among the contributions to this volume the reader will find some of the keys to the human occupation of the lower Guadalquivir basin 5000 years ago, the process of social aggregation that gave way to the formation of the city of Seville itself. In addition, this book reflects some of the current discussions that dominate today’s scientific agenda on Iberian Copper Age (c. 3200-2200 cal BC), a period of fascinating social and cultural dynamism that laid the basis for the consolidation of social ranking, long-distance contact and exchange, as well as metallurgy and productive specialization.

Spanish abstract: Desde que en 1860 se produjera el descubrimiento de La Pastora, una de las construcciones megalíticas más bellas y singulares de España, el yacimiento de la Edad del Cobre y de la Edad del Bronce de Valencina de la Concepción – Castilleja de Guzmán no ha cesado de deparar hallazgos arqueológicos de la mayor significación. Hoy, 150 años después de los primeros descubrimientos, este volumen ofrece una puesta al día de las investigaciones que están revelando la extraordinaria importancia de este yacimiento como recurso científico y patrimonial. Entre las colaboraciones de esta obra el lector encontrará algunas de las claves de la ocupación de la desembocadura del río Guadalquivir hace 5000 años: el proceso de agregación humana que representa el origen de la misma ciudad de Sevilla. Igualmente, en las páginas de este libro encuentra reflejo el debate que en la actualidad preside el estudio de la Edad del Cobre (c. 3200-2200 antes de nuestra era), un periodo de apasionante dinamismo social y cultural en el que se consolidaron las bases de la jerarquización social, las relaciones comerciales a larga distancia, la metalurgia y la especialización productiva.

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- by Rosario Cruz-Auñon
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  Religion, Geography, Prehistoric Archaeology, Art History

Museumsarchäologie könnte man jene Teildisziplin unseres Faches nennen, die sich der Auf arbeitung von Altbeständen aus Grabungen längst vergangener Jahre widmet. Unmengen von Quellenmaterial schlummerten in den Depots und lagen somit fü... more

Eneolithic period in the Balkan area is marked by diverse archaeological cultures and cultural complexes. Traditional studies throughout 20th century were mainly focused on the problems of their chronological relations and on diverse... more

Earliest Neolithic cultures brought significant changes in Southeast Europe – domesticated plant and animal species, new forms of material culture, innovations in settlement patterns, architecture. Completely new forms of economy and... more

Prehistoric Technology

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