Police use of force

In recent years, US police departments have drawn significant attention due to widely publicized events involving police misconduct. The Department of Justice (DOJ), taking notice of public discontent, has compelled several police departments to institute multiple reforms to correct long-standing police misbehavior by issuing consent decrees. Using 26 semi-structured interviews with policing personnel in a police agency in the middle of a consent decree, we observed an arduous experience reflected through the stigma associated with the consent decree, the perception of organizational hypersurveillance, and new policy requirements. Yet, our findings also demonstrated the consent decree improved knowledge of appropriate procedures, and discontinued harmful practices. Our findings clarify the strains and benefits of consent decrees, and further suggest the consent decree requirements create an ever-changing organizational environment for policing personnel as the department works to meet the terms of a consent decree.

El presente trabajo pretende delimitar el campo judicial penal en el marco de la administración de justicia de la provincia de Santiago del Estero, República Argentina, durante el período 2002 – 2017, como un espacio con una autonomía relativa, donde intervienen una serie de agentes, y que tiene por función primigenia y fundamento legitimante la resolución de diversos tipos de conflictos. Los resultados aquí presentados representan aspectos inéditos de lo investigado en el marco del Doctorado en Derecho y Ciencias Sociales en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, titulado “La reforma procesal penal en Santiago del Estero: análisis socio-antropológico del cambio jurídico”. En él nos planteamos analizar un proceso de reforma procesal penal en el marco de un proceso de reforma judicial amplio de una provincia de la República Argentina.

Kinerja polisi adalah bagian dari bagaimana kepolisian sebagai salah satu fungsi dalam birokrasi pemerintahan mampu memberikan kontribusi dalam pencapaian tujuan penyelenggaraan negara. Doktrin universal polisi yaitu to protect and to serve, oleh para founding father Polri telah dilengkapi dengan kata yang sangat filosofis dan mempunyai makna mendalam, yaitu “mengayomi”. Untuk dapat mengimplementasikan peran mengayomi, menjadikan kinerja yang dilakukan tidak hanya berdasarkan kemampuan teknis profesional saja, tetapi harus dibarengi dengan integritas yang total, dan hal ini hanya bisa dilakukan dengan adanya landasan moralitas yang kokoh.

This research critically evaluates the South African Police Service (SAPS)'s top ten service delivery challenges noted by Station Commanders. The research will explore how these impediments impact operational effectiveness, public trust, and SAPS goal fulfillment. Main topics: Recruitment, retention, training, and development are HR problems. Resource Limits: Budget limits, insufficient infrastructure, equipment shortages. Bureaucracy, communication, coordination, morale, and change resistance. Community trust and confidence: Police wrongdoing, history, and community policing efficacy. Technical Issues: Digital forensics and current technological access. Political intrusion in law enforcement inquiries. The principal points The SAPS has several challenges that hinder its ability to deliver superior policing. These concerns impact SAPS operational efficiency, public trust, and mission accomplishment. The SAPS, governmental entities, community organizations, and scholars must collaborate to address these issues. Approach: This comprehensive literature analysis will analyze issues in police, organizational behavior, criminology, and public administration research. Academic publications, government papers, and other reputable sources will be examined to identify significant results and knowledge deficiencies. The conclusions of this study will influence SAPS leadership regarding resource allocation, policy formulation, and strategic planning. Policymakers: Assisting in the formulation of policies and legislation for SAPS resolution. Community stakeholders: Facilitating community engagement and advocating for improved policing. Researchers are enhancing the comprehension of policing, organizational behavior, and public administration. Practical implications This study can assist the SAPS in identifying pragmatic solutions to current challenges, including enhancing recruitment and retention. Improved training and development. Modernizing infrastructure and technology. Improving community policing. Enhancing interagency collaboration. Enhancing the openness and accountability of SAPS. Constraints of the study: This analysis will be constrained by existing research and data biases. The originality of this study will enhance the existing literature by: Conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the service delivery issues faced by the SAPS. Examining the impact of these issues on operational efficiency and public trust. Determining critical subjects for further examination and policy formulation. This research will interest academics, politicians, law enforcement officials, community leaders, and other stakeholders focused on improving police in South Africa. Conclusion: This study will elucidate the principal challenges faced by the South African Police Service and facilitate the development of evidence-based solutions to enhance service delivery, public trust, and safety and justice.

Europski uhidbeni nalog kao institut međunarodne kaznenopravne pomoći koji je zamijenio izručenje unutar Europske unije već se četiri godine primjenjuje i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Budući da je riječ o institutu koji je u usporedbi s tradicionalnim oblicima međunarodne kaznenopravne pomoći donio velike promjene, osobito u pogledu stavljanja suradnje isključivo u ruke pravosudnih tijela, uz obvezu predaje i vlastitih državljana, vrlo kratkih rokova za odlučivanje o nalozima te isključenja načela obostrane kažnjivosti za kataloška kaznena djela, vrlo je korisno provesti analizu primjene navedenih odredaba. Jedno od ključnih pitanja jest i ono o postizanju ravnoteže između učinkovitosti i zaštite prava tražene osobe, između načela uzajamnog povjerenja i priznanja i zaštite temeljnih prava zajamčenih nacionalnim, ali i europskim pravom. U radu se razmatraju odluke hrvatskih sudova o europskom uhidbenom nalogu, u prvom redu Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske, uz mjestimično navođenje relevantnih odluka Europskog suda. Ključne riječi: kazneno pravo Europske unije, europski uhidbeni nalog, Vrhovni sud Republike Hrvatske, načelo obostrane kažnjivosti, ne bis in idem * Dr. sc. Matko Pajčić, docent na Pravnom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Splitu ** Ovaj je rad fi nancirala Hrvatska zaklada za znanost projektom 8282 "Hrvatska kaznenopravna suradnja u Europskoj uniji i regiji: nasljeđe prošlosti i izazovi budućnosti (CoCo-Crim)". 1 Za prikaz razloga za donošenje Okvirne odluke o europskom uhidbenom nalogu v. Burić, Z., Europski uhidbeni nalog, Hrvatski ljetopis za kazneno pravo i praksu (Zagreb), vol. 14, broj 1/2007, str. 219-221. Za iscrpini pregled razvoja ideje i postupka donošenja Okvirne UDK 343.8(4)EU 061.1(4)EU 347.991(497.5) Primljeno 13. studenog 2017. Pregledni znanstveni rad brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

Research shows that Americans who hold strongly to a myth about America’s Christian heritage—what is called “Christian nationalism”—tend to draw rigid boundaries around ethnic and national group membership. Incorporating theories connecting ethnic boundaries, prejudice, and perceived threat with a tendency to justify harsher penalties, bias, or excessive force against racial minorities, the authors examine how Christian nationalist ideology shapes Americans’ views about police treatment of black Americans. Analyses of 2017 data from a national probability sample show that adherence to Christian nationalism predicts that Americans will be more likely to believe that police treat blacks the same as whites and that police shoot blacks more often because blacks are more violent than whites. These effects are robust even when including controls for respondents’ religious and political characteristics, indicating that Christian nationalism influences Americans’ attitudes over and above th...

Concerns over killings by police returned to the news after the recent release of body camera footage showing a deputy in Springfield, Illinois, fatally shoot a Black woman, Sonya Massey, in her kitchen. After the shooting, the lawyer for Massey’s family noted she had had mental health issues. At the intersection of being Black and having mental illness, Massey was part of a group with one of the highest risks of being killed by police.

En las audiencias iniciales del sistema de justicia penal de la Ciudad de México se decide la legalidad de las detenciones policiales. En el delito de posesión simple de drogas las decisiones de ilegalidad son mucho más frecuentes que en cualquier otro delito. Hipotetizo que la percepción acerca de la persona detenida, la importancia del delito para los problemas de inseguridad, y la preocupación por el funcionamiento del sistema de audiencias son factores que impactan en dicho resultado. Recurro a una estrategia metodológica mixta. Entrevistas a operadores jurídicos muestran que las personas detenidas por posesión simple de drogas son vistas más como “víctimas” que como “delincuentes”, y su judicialización como un problema para la carga de trabajo. A partir de una muestra de audiencias comparo la probabilidad de la ilegalidad de la detención en los delitos de posesión simple de drogas y narcomenudeo comercio, delitos con dinámicas similares de detención. La más alta probabilidad de decisiones de ilegalidad para el primer delito robustece los hallazgos cualitativos. Discuto los resultados en el contexto de los estudios sobre audiencias iniciales, y sobre factores extralegales en el funcionamiento del sistema de justicia.

In today’s digital age, text messaging has become a primary means of communication, enabling individuals to share information quickly and efficiently. However, the widespread use of digital communication, particularly through mobile phones, has also opened the door to a new kind of deception—fake text messages. The ability to alter text messages, including changing the sender’s identity (e.g., the name and phone number), can have profound psychological and emotional consequences. This can affect not only personal relationships but also the legal and law enforcement systems. In this article, we will                      explore how police officers, judges, and other legal professionals can be impacted by                      fake text messages and provide strategies for recognizing and addressing these                        influences.

espanolEn este trabajo se propone observar dos casos de suceso de publico en la cinematografia brasilena: Tropa de elite 2 (2010) de Jose Padilha y Cidade de Deus (2002) de Fernando Meirelles y Katia Lund. Las producciones cuentan con una gama de ocho anos y se caracteriza por un proceso de desarrollo del cine en el periodo de post-recuperacion. Se discute como es el dialogo de las peliculas con un modelo de realizacion gestado en la industria estadounidense: el high concept. Los aspectos analizados son: la fuerza narrativa de la idea/concepto, presencia de actores/actrices conocidos, la identidad visual y el estilo asociados con el potencial de mercado de las obras. EnglishThe following text proposes to observe two cases of box office success in brazilian cinema: Elite Squad: the enemy within (2010) by Jose Padilha and City of God (2002) by Fernando Meirelles and Katia Lund. These films are eight years apart which demonstrate the development process within Brazilian cinematography ...

The colonial origin of Crisis of Alienation in Policing in Nigeria is the focus of this study. There is no scholarly historical investigation on the colonial origin of Crisis of Alienation in policing in NIgeria. The historical methods of description and analysis were deployed. Findings indicates that Alienation in Policing started in 1861 when Consul Mc Caskey, a colonial administrator of Lagos recruited, trained and armed strangers and deployed them in Lagos and Yorubaland to serve as an army of occupation; the policy of strangers policing strangers dominated policing in Nigeria between 1861 and 1930. A policing system that will not estrange the officers is that which would allow policemen that are indigenes to an area to police the community. We recommend posting police personnel to their local government of origin; forming and empowering Alienation Monitoring Team and Police Welfare Units. In conclusion, good police-public relations, human-right based policing, good parenting, public sensitization program with the caption 'Police is your friend's, unauthorized posting/promotion program based on service records; and an end to extortion within the police force will eliminate the crisis of Alienation.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un acercamiento cuantitativo a las experiencias y valoraciones que los/as policías tienen sobre el uso de la fuerza y del arma de fuego en la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Se utiliza como fuente la base de datos correspondiente a un censo policial que se realizó en el año 2020 y al cual respondieron 19120 policías, un trabajo inédito en América Latina. Algunos de los hallazgos
principales de este trabajo reflejan una fuerte convergencia entre las mujeres y los varones policías en relación con el uso de la fuerza y de las armas de fuego. Esto se evidencia muy sólidamente en el plano de las representaciones: ambos grupos comparten en la misma medida que el uso del arma de fuego resulta importante para el trabajo policial y tienen una evaluación positiva semejante de cómo la policía santafesina usa la fuerza y el arma de fuego y respeta los derechos de la ciudadanía. Sin embargo, en la mayor parte de los indicadores que se refieren al plano de las prácticas y experiencias policiales, es posible identificar la existencia de diferencias muy limitadas entre ambos grupos: las mujeres policías hacen un poco menos uso de la fuerza y son alcanzadas un poco menos por sus consecuencias negativas.

The theme of this module is centered on empowering LEOs to gain comprehensive insights into the principles of good policing as delineated by IHRL, thereby enhancing their capacity to navigate situations involving the use of force and firearms while upholding human rights standards.

Sažetak Istraživanja kriminaliteta žena, jos uvijek su snažno podzastupljena. To vrijedi i za dva vrlo vrijedna koncepta koji, svaki na svoj nacin, stvaraju red u raznovrsnim interdisciplinarnim pristupima i tako dobivenim empirijskim podacima o kriminalitetu: koncept kriminalne karijere i teoriju kriminalnog životnog stila. Svrha rada je dati kratak pregled istraživacki najzastupljenijih i najpodzastupljenijih sub-domena svakog od dva navedena koncepta i njihova kombiniranja na podrucju kriminaliteta žena, te dati argumente zbog kojih je potrebno (1) istraživati kriminalitet na ženskim uzorcima i popunjavati praznine u saznajima iz pojednih sub-domena obaju koncepata (2) provoditi istraživanja na istim instrumentima na spolno mjesovitim uzorcima i (3) na temelju dobivenih razlika razvijati instrumente prilagođene ženskim uzorcima. Kljucne rijeci: kriminalitet žena, kriminalna karijera, kriminalni životni stil. Summary Research of crime committed by women are still strongly under-re...

Over the last 30 years, the Department of Justice (DOJ) has used the pattern-or-practice initiative to implement police reform in maligned law enforcement agencies. Despite the longevity of the program, there is limited empirical evidence that assesses the effectiveness of the initiative, and what evidence exists shows mixed results. This paper advances prior scholarship in this area by considering what is known about the program, outlining the implied theory of the DOJ's efforts, lamenting the lack of evaluation evidence, and prescribing a modern research agenda for this topic area.

El presente artículo discute la relación entre la práctica de la tortura y la militarización de la seguridad pública en México. En primer lugar, se analiza desde la perspectiva federal, comparando las probabilidades de las fuerzas armadas y las policías locales para cometer tortura durante las detenciones, a través de modelos logísticos binomiales. Se utilizan datos de laEncuesta Nacional de Población Privada de la Libertad (ENPOL 2021), para mostrar que el Ejército y las policías, estatales y ministeriales,
presentan probabilidades de cometer tortura en las detenciones más o
menos similares. En segundo término, se presentan tendencias desagregadas de las policías estatales y ministeriales para identificar aquellas que cometieron tortura de igual manera y de forma más frecuente que el Ejército. Por último, a través regresiones, se comprueba que la llegada de personal con antecedentes castrenses a ocupar el cargo deSecretarios de Seguridad Pública aumenta las probabilidades de
cometer tortura de las policías estatales. En términos generales, se
muestra que México está viviendo un proceso de militarización de la
seguridad pública, tanto directo como indirecto, que está teniendo un
impacto negativo a nivel social al exponer su población a abusos
sistemáticos por parte de las fuerzas armadas y las policías.

Presento una investigación dirigida a comprender los discursos y prácticas en torno a la violencia policial de defensores/as de derechos humanos en Chile. Mediante metodología etnográfica (2020-2022), trabajé con defensores/as de una institución estatal, una organización de sociedad civil que apoya a víctimas y otra que monitorea protestas, realizando 16 entrevistas, revisión de documentos y observación en actividades cotidianas. El análisis etnográfico integrado estuvo orientado a comprender cómo los discursos y prácticas mantienen y promueven determinadas relaciones sociales. La investigación permitió identificar prácticas dirigidas hacia el Estado, la sociedad y hacia las propias organizaciones. El sentido de estas prácticas resistentes confluye en tres ámbitos entrelazados que caracterizan esta violencia institucional: su invisibilización, naturalización e impunidad. Concluyo que la denuncia y la educación para impulsar cambios culturales trazan caminos para enfrentar las causas de los abusos policiales, asociadas al rol productivo de la policía en un orden racializado y de clase.

I present a research study aimed at understanding the discourses and practices regarding police violence that human rights defenders in Chile have. Using an ethnographic methodology (2020-2022), I worked with defenders from a state institution, a civil organization that supports victims, and another civil organization that monitors protests. I conducted 16 interviews, document reviews, and daily activities observations. The integrated ethnographic analysis aimed to understand how discourses and practices maintain and promote certain social relations. This research allowed me to identify practices directed toward the State, society, and the organizations themselves. The meanings of these resistance practices come together in three interrelated areas that characterize this institutional violence: invisibilization, naturalization and impunity. I conclude that filing complaints and educating to promote cultural changes create paths to face the causes of police abuses associated with the productive role of the police in a racialized and class-based order.

This research work examines police brutality and violation of human rights in Nigeria – causes and its implications. The objectives of the study is to establish some cases of police brutality in Nigeria; to investigate the causes of police brutality and violation of human rights in Nigeria; to ascertain the implications of police brutality in Nigeria and to recommend ways to prevent police violence in Nigeria. To be able to achieve these objectives, four research questions were raised, such as, are there testimonies and evidences of human rights violation in Nigeria by the police? What are the causes of police brutality and violation of human rights in Nigeria? What are the implications of police brutality in Nigeria? How can police brutality and violation of human rights be prevented in Nigeria? The study made use of descriptive analytical method to analyze data gotten from secondary source such as academic journals, Newspaper publications, Television documentaries, Internet, relev...

ace cerca de diez años, el 23 de septiembre de 2001, fue asesinado a tiros José Manuel Ortega Lara, alias "el guatón Ceni", sindicado por los medios de comunicación como "el jefe narco de La Legua". La situación causó revuelo público: los detalles del asesinato, el funeral y el clima vivido durante esos días en la población fueron ampliamente divulgados a nivel nacional. La prensa hablaba de "tierra de nadie", de "cartel de La Legua", de "clanes familiares", y transmitía insistentemente las declaraciones de una familiar que públicamente prometía venganza contra los autores. En forma paralela, el entonces subsecretario general de Gobierno de la época, Jorge Correa Sutil, declaraba que en Chile no había un "Estado dentro de otro Estado". El Gobierno estaba resuelto a realizar un Plan de Intervención Modelo que, según el propio presidente Ricardo Lagos, se extendería a otros lugares

La literatura sobre seguridad ciudadana en América Latina, inspirada en las recomendaciones de la banca multilateral de desarrollo y de organizaciones no gubernamentales, adopta un enfoque económico e institucional centrado en las ideas de disuasión y ampliación del espacio jurídico formal de resolución de los conflictos. Muchos de los supuestos de la disuasión y del control social formal no han sido adecuadamente evaluados. Este artículo propone una revisión de tales supuestos a través de tres coordenadas para la seguridad ciudadana, con particular referencia al desempeño policial y la reducción de la violencia. En primer lugar, el espacio territorial local, que permitiría el desarrollo de políticas de contención centradas en acuerdos interpersonales de alcance limitado. En segundo lugar, la legitimidad acordada al sistema de control social, entendida como congruencia entre los principios y la adopción de decisiones. En tercer lugar, el empoderamiento ciudadano, entendido como el reconocimiento efectivo de derechos y la reducción de asimetrías en los procesos de control social formal e informal.

Literature often emphasizes the use of force as a distinctive feature of police work, while risky encounters and uncertainty are conditions under which such work is carried out daily. Conditions leading to the use of force by the police have been associated with the presence of menacing minorities, losing verbal control, the youth and lack of experience of officers, and critical physical proximity between officers and suspects. Additionally, defiance towards the police has often been linked to increased force used by the police. It is here proposed that uncertainty also fosters police officers' dispositions to use force. In this study, four focus groups were conducted with officers from two Venezuelan municipal police departments in October 2003, presenting a hypothetical scenario progressing from contact with suspects towards an open confrontation involving a shooting. Officers perceived, through different phases of the scenario, an encounter of no easily predictable outcome with suspects, involving potential harm to the police and bystanders. A pattern seemed to appear among officers in which overcoming real or assumed resistance became the central issue. When physical confrontation with suspects became evident, self defence was the clearest justification for the use of force, though the use of force was also defended by officers without further elaboration on the requirements and conditions for effectively thwarting aggression. It appears that uncertainty about the outcome of a situation fosters both the disposition and the justification for using force.

espanolEl objetivo del estudio fue determinar las percepciones, actitudinales que, sobre el entrenamiento, especificamente el metodo del Uso Progresivo y Diferenciado de la Fuerza (UPDF), tienen los policias venezolanos en el contexto del Nuevo Modelo Policial, asi como la vinculacion entre niveles de amenaza y riesgo y niveles de uso de fuerza. La investigacion pregunta si los niveles de fuerza aumentan o a disminuyen en funcion de la incertidumbre o riesgo fisico que enfrenta el funcionario en una situacion determinada o pueden estar condicionados por una percepcion de vulnerabilidad del funcionario ante otros factores externos a la escena de control por medio del uso progresivo y diferenciado de la fuerza. Se utilizo un cuestionario de analisis actitudinal (Lickert) sobre una muestra probabilistica y chi2. El analisis revela que la preferencia por el incremento de la fuerza varia en proporcion inversa a la potencialidad del medio empleado para resistir o atacar, como una medida p...

Environmental crimes related to industrial waste refer to illegal activities conducted by industrial factories that pose harm to the environment and human health. In many developing nations, law enforcement agencies underestimate the prevalence of such crimes. This study focuses on investigating the role of law enforcement institutions in preventing industrial waste-related environmental crimes within selected regions and city administrations of Ethiopia. Employing a qualitative research approach with an exploratory design, the study used key informant interviews and document analysis as data collection tools. The researchers purposively selected sample regions (Amhara, Oromia, Sidama, and Harari) and two city administrations, engaging participants from law enforcement bodies (regional police, code enforcement (Militia)), environmental protection authorities, and communities. The findings reveal that although there are national and international laws addressing industrial waste-related environmental crimes, their enforcement is limited because of a lack of awareness about the legal framework within the country. Environmental protection authorities play a significant role in enforcing environmental laws and standards compared to other law enforcement agencies. Opportunities for preventing industrial waste-related environmental crimes include existing environmental laws, community participation, stakeholders, and addressing environmental cross-cutting issues. Conversely, challenges to effective prevention include a lack of cooperation among law enforcement bodies, limited awareness about crimes, insufficient resources, and misperceptions by responsible bodies. Based on these findings, the study proposes suggestions to strengthen law enforcement agencies.

This qualitative study investigates the effectiveness and quality of police service. We propose that there is a link between quality of police service and how officers attain extraprofessional status and intraprofessional status. The current research incorporates Abbott's model of extraprofessional and intraprofessional status in examining how police officers interacted with each other and with the public within each of the police roles as detailed by Wilson and Bittner. Concurrent attainment produces strain between these two status types, which suggests loss of effectiveness as officers choose one form of status over the other. A third type of status attainment, hands-dirty status, emerged as a differing form of intraprofessional status. The results indicate that new policing models must take into consideration the experiential world of officers, and in particular how they strive for professional status.

Resensi Buku "Pemikiran Politik Indonesia”
Buku "Pemikiran Politik Indonesia", ditulis oleh Profesor Ris Dr. Sjamsuddin Haris, MSi; Dr. Firdaus Syam, MA; serta Drs. H. Azian Tamrin, MSi, memberikan perspektif mendalam tentang dinamika politis Indonesia. Buku ini dipublikasikan sebagai hasil kerjasama antara para penulis yang memiliki latar belakang akademik yang kuat dalam bidang ilmu politik.

In terms of Section 205(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, the objectives of the South African Police Service (SAPS) are to prevent, combat and investigate crime, to maintain public order, to protect and secure the inhabitants of the Republic and their property, and to uphold and enforce the law. As an oversight body, the Independent Police Investigative Directorate [IPID] Act (No 1 of 2011) provides for independent and impartial investigation of identified criminal offences allegedly committed by members of the SAPS. The investigations are specifically geared to police misconduct and crimes regulated by this Act, guided by Section 28(1) (a-h) and (2).

We have learned to shape solutions through the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights or the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg on what, until not long ago, we were treating an eternal lamentation as a real problem but without a concrete solution have set or reached important standards in the segment of violence against minors and women but have also provided an adequate degree of protection for professionals directly involved in verifying domestic violence complaints. However, with the entry into force of Law no. 174/2018 regarding the modification and completion of the Law no. 217/2003 on the prevention and combating of domestic violence, the role of the police officer in the exercise of his duties in preventing and limiting domestic violence is strengthened by defining and enumerating the means by which he has the right to obtain evidence by stating his obligations and prohibitions may have immediate application in the content of the provisional protection order...

Dr. Xiao, I'm really glad to have this opportunity to talk with you. We know that mental health in China has been lagging behind other areas such as infectious diseases. What prompted you to choose mental health as your lifelong career? brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by China Health Review (CHR)-China Health Policy and Management Society (CHPAMS)

This research work examines police brutality and violation of human rights in Nigeria – causes and its implications. The objectives of the study is to establish some cases of police brutality in Nigeria; to investigate the causes of police brutality and violation of human rights in Nigeria; to ascertain the implications of police brutality in Nigeria and to recommend ways to prevent police violence in Nigeria. To be able to achieve these objectives, four research questions were raised, such as, are there testimonies and evidences of human rights violation in Nigeria by the police? What are the causes of police brutality and violation of human rights in Nigeria? What are the implications of police brutality in Nigeria? How can police brutality and violation of human rights be prevented in Nigeria? The study made use of descriptive analytical method to analyze data gotten from secondary source such as academic journals, Newspaper publications, Television documentaries, Internet, relev...

O presente artigo objetiva lançar luz sobre um ator social pouco conhecido da dinâmica criminal carioca. Os “pi-lícias” são civis “desejosos em ser polícia” na vida cotidiana, e que acabam eventualmente trabalhando ilegalmente para policiais de diferentes formas: no mercado da segurança privada, em funções mais “ocultas” do policiamento cotidiano enquanto “informantes” em investigações, ou mesmo tal qual “forças auxiliares” em operações policiais e/ou paramilitares contra o tráfico varejista. Baseado em trabalho de campo etnográfico junto a candidatos à carreira policial militar no Rio de Janeiro, pretendo demonstrar que a fundação de “comunidades morais” entre “pi-lícias”, policiais militares e milicianos é fundamental para o agenciamento de alguns “esquemas” criados a partir dos mercados ilegais da segurança privada presentes na metrópole.

I had already decided to talk about Canada and the terrible deaths in Saskatoon, a series of cases that have been kept under wraps, when a Global News headline jumped out at me on 26 September: ‘Nine natives have died in police custody since August’. Let us elaborate. Serious accusations are already hanging over Canada, as we have seen in my articles ‘What's behind Pope Francis’ apology to the Natives', on Indian residential schools in Canada, and “Secret medical experiments on Natives in Canada: a lawsuit to prove that it still happens today”.

Avevo già deciso di parlare del Canada e delle terribili morti di Saskatoon, una serie di casi messi sotto silenzio, quando il 26 settembre mi è balzato all'occhio un titolo del Global News: "Da agosto 9 indigeni sono morti sotto la custodia della polizia". Approfondiamo. Sul Canada pendono già accuse gravi, come abbiamo visto nei miei articoli "Cosa c'è dietro le scuse di Papa Francesco ai Nativi", sulle scuole residenziali indiane in Canada, e "Esperimenti medici segreti sui Nativi in Canada: una causa per dimostrare che succede ancora oggi".

Police researchers have neglected any in-depth study of campus policing. Instead, the writings and practical observations of campus law enforcers have dominated the campus police literature. This paper presents the results of a pilot study of campus police at ten large universities located in the Midwest and the Southeast.  The paper begins with a historical analysis of the evolution of the campus police, reviews the scholarly literature on the  campus police, and pre­sents highlights of a descriptive analysis of a sample of campus police departments and officers. Finally, the striking similarities between campus police and their municipal counterparts are discussed.

, the Hellenic League for Human Rights organized an event at the Athens Bar Association to present a documentation and proposals report titled "Hellenic Police: Issues of Excessive Force and Arbitrariness" (a document upon which this overview is largely based). The date we chose for the event held symbolic significance for us: it was the eve of the anniversary of the killing of the underage student Alexandros Grigoropoulos, back in 2008. In a tragic twist of fate, the symbolism of the day did not end there: a few hours before the event, we learned that another 16-year-old, this time a Roma boy, was severely injured by police gunfire during a chase that started because he left a gas station without paying 20 euros for fuel. Eight days later, Kostas Fragkoulis passed away. At the same time, during the event, we were informed of another piece of news: by order of the Prime Minister, as a kind of Christmas gift, a one-time bonus of 600 euros was to be given to all Hellenic Police employees. The events of that day brought to light many issues discussed in this publication. The police shooting of Kostas Fragkoulis was yet another "isolated incident" of excessive and disproportionate force where firearms were used by police officers, likely driven by racist motivations. Furthermore, the police's communication about the incident followed the familiar pattern of "half-truths" that the Hellenic Police has accustomed us to in recent years. Additionally, the protests that followed the news of the 16-year-old's death were met with repression and tear gas. The main takeaway from the events on the day we presented our report is that the problem of police brutality and arbitrariness is persistent, active, and ongoing. This doesn't mean that all police officers engage in arbitrariness or that there aren't any officers who perform their duties with dedication, professionalism, and genuine concern for citizens. However, it does indicate that there are many police officers who do not do their jobs properly, who show little regard for citizens, and who abuse their power, often with the tolerance or even protection of the political and senior leadership of the Hellenic Police. For these reasons, even greater persistence, effort, and dedication are required to combat the problem of police force and arbitrariness. This publication, made possible with the kind support of the Guerilla Foundation, is part of that effort. Our work will not stop here. The Hellenic League for Human Rights will continue to monitor the actions of the Hellenic Police, expose cases of police arbitrariness whenever they occur, and consistently bring these issues into the public discourse until it is understood by everyone that the role of the police is not to violate citizens' rights but to protect them.

Η παρούσα έκδοση υποστηρίχθηκε από το "Guerilla Foundation". Οι θέσεις και οι απόψεις που εκφράζονται στο παρόν ανήκουν 1 Τάκης Ανδρέας, Πουρναρά Αικατερίνη, "Γιατί η αστυνομία είναι πρόβλημα στη χώρα μας σήμερα", Syntagma Watch, 03/03/2023. 2 Βλ. το από 7/2/2024 ψήφισμα για το Κράτος Δικαίου και την ελευθερία των ΜΜΕ στην Ελλάδα του Ευρωκοινοβουλίου και την από 28/2/2024 έγκριση της Έκθεσης για το Κράτος Δικαίου της Επιτροπής Πολιτικών Ελευθεριών, Δικαιοσύνης και Εσωτερικών Υποθέσεων (LIBE) για το 2023 από το Ευρωκοινοβούλιο. 3 Σύμφωνα με της ετήσιες εκθέσεις του ΈΜΗΔΙΠΑ, πέραν των υποθέσεων που δεν ενέπιπταν στην αρμοδιότητα

This article discusses implications and potentialities of anthropologically thinking and researching with documents, arguing that they consist of ethnographic artifacts, which can be particularly fruitful in certain research contexts. In order to do that, it resumes some movements of distancing and rapprochement between anthropology and documents and places two recent ethnographic experiences in dialogue. One a research through police inquiries of Brazilian Federal Police concerning "human trafficking for sexual exploitation" crimes, and the other focused on administrative procedures related to "missing persons" cases investigated by Rio de Janeiro Civil Police. In addition to revealing the heuristic potential of "following the paper" and calling attention to the micro politics of the interactions among those that document and those who are documented, the paper aims to contribute to larger discussions about the challenges that dealing with documents in field work situations poses to anthropology and its self-representations.

Quels objets sont mobilisés dans les luttes de reconnaissance culturelle des groupes minorisés ethniques, linguistiques, politiques, professionnels, sexuels ou religieux en Europe et en Méditerranée ? Le séminaire nomade Singuliers. Objets des minorités en Europe et en Méditerranée, porté par le Mucem et l'IDEMEC, rassemble des membres des communautés minorisées, des spécialistes de sciences sociales et des professionnels du patrimoine pour étudier, par l'objet, les choix et les stratégies que certains groupes minorisés mettent en œuvre pour représenter leurs expériences du monde et leurs cultures.

Le séminaire promeut une double approche liant l'analyse politique de la patrimonialisation et les études sur la matérialité. Il invite également les participants à une écriture collaborative inédite entre sciences sociales, conservation et activisme culturel. En s'inscrivant à chaque séance dans un contexte régional différent, d'abord en France avec le Mucem et l'IDEMEC, puis dans différents pays méditerranéens en association avec des UMIFREs et des Écoles françaises à l'étranger (EFE), le séminaire met en place une approche comparative ambitieuse afin de mieux saisir les modalités de l'action patrimoniale des minorités autour de la Méditerranée.

Ao Professor Doutor Roberto Henriques, por nos orientar e apoiar nesta empreitada. À minha esposa pelo apoio incondicional e pelo amor. À minha filha, maior benção da minha vida. Ao Excelentíssimo Senhor Diretor de Investigação e Combate ao Crime Organizado da Polícia Federal, Dr. Oslain Campos Santana, pelo apoio e entusiasmo na modernização da gestão policial. Aos colegas da Polícia Federal pelo trabalho desenvolvido, bem como pela disponibilização das informações solicitadas. Aos meus pais, por terem permitido todas as caminhadas da minha vida. Aos professores e demais colaboradores do IMS/NOVA pela disponibilidade e paciência ao longo de todo o curso.

The article analyzes the way in which, in the first half of the 20th century, the relationship between capital and labor was regulated in a peripheral province of Argentina, marked by the "obraje"'s system and seasonal work. The trajectory of the director of the Provincial Department of Labor (PTD), Amalio Olmos Castro, is studied under a series of hypotheses: that the difficulties in the advancement of social legislation and its implementation in Santiago del Estero were linked, as in other provinces, to the fact that the legislation did not provide punitive power to the body or contemplated specific courts; to the debate on the national or provincial

El artículo analiza el modo como en la primera mitad del siglo XX se buscaba regular las relaciones entre capital y trabajo en una provincia periférica de Argentina, marcada por el sistema de explotación del obraje maderero y el trabajo estacional. Estudiamos la trayectoria del director del Departamento Provincial del Trabajo (DPT), Amalio Olmos Castro, bajo una serie de hipótesis: que las dificultades en el avance de la legislación social y su implementación en Santiago del Estero estuvieron vinculadas, como en otras provincias, a que la legislación no dotaba de poder punitivo al organismo ni contemplaba tribunales específicos; al debate sobre la jurisdicción nacional o provincial de las leyes laborales; a conflictos entre los gremios y el director del DPT; a las dificultades de sindicalización más allá del área urbana y en ámbitos ligados a tradiciones de servidumbre como el empleo doméstico; a cuestiones estructurales, relacionadas con el procesos de conformación del Estado provi...

espanolEl articulo analiza el modo como en la primera mitad del siglo XX se buscaba regular las relaciones entre capital y trabajo en una provincia periferica de Argentina, marcada por el sistema de explotacion del obraje maderero y el trabajo estacional. Estudiamos la trayectoria del director del Departamento Provincial del Trabajo (DPT), Amalio Olmos Castro, bajo una serie de hipotesis: que las dificultades en el avance de la legislacion social y su implementacion en Santiago del Estero estuvieron vinculadas, como en otras provincias, a que la legislacion no dotaba de poder punitivo al organismo ni contemplaba tribunales especificos; al debate sobre la jurisdiccion nacional o provincial de las leyes laborales; a conflictos entre los gremios y el director del DPT; a las dificultades de sindicalizacion mas alla del area urbana y en ambitos ligados a tradiciones de servidumbre como el empleo domestico; a cuestiones estructurales, relacionadas con el procesos de conformacion del Estad...

El articulo se propone analizar diferentes estrategias en el activismo legal contra la violencia policial y penitenciaria en Argentina y sus consecuencias. Para ello comparamos el trabajo de dos organizaciones pioneras en la lucha contra la violencia estatal en Argentina: el Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales (CELS) y la Coordinadora contra la Represion Policial e Institucional (CORREPI). Frente a la literatura que resalta la efectividad de estrategias “institucionalistas” como las de Amnesty International o Human Right Watch para enfrentar a la violencia estatal, nuestro estudio de casos da cuenta de las fortalezas y limites de estrategias “elusivas” de las instituciones de la democracia liberal, que producen consecuencias importantes en materia de concientizacion y penalizacion de este tipo de delitos. Esta estrategia elusiva implica accionar en los margenes del sistema juridico-politico, sin reclamar colaboracion del Estado, denunciando/escrachando su violencia y arbitrariedad...