Phaseolus Beans

Resumo: O feijão é uma das principais fontes de nutrientes na alimentação brasileira. Na região Sul é produzido em pequena escala. Dentre os limitantes do cultivo, a incidência de pragas gera a necessidade de medidas de controle. Estratégias alternativas ao controle químico estão disponíveis, mas carecem de informações quanto aos impactos nos caracteres de rendimento. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar caracteres agronômicos de cultivares de feijão submetidas ao tratamento com óleo de neem (Azadirachta indica) e de composto biológico à base de Trichoderma spp. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: (a) aplicação nas sementes, (b) aplicação nas sementes+parte aérea, (c) aplicação na parte aérea, (d) testemunha. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial com três genótipos locais, com quatro repetições. A análise estatística deu-se pelo modelo fatorial simples para análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, sendo necessária novo experimento considerando-se maior rigor experimental quanto à periodicidade de aplicações.

au sol sur la Croissance des Plants D'acacia Mangium 397 comme substrat principal ou mélangée à tous types de supports. Possédant une excellente propriété d'aération et de rétention d'eau, la fibre de coco favorise une croissance rapide des racines et de la plante en général. Objectif: La présente étude vise àdéterminerla proportion optimale de fibre de coco apportée au sol pour une meilleure croissance de plants d'Acacia mangiumen conditions semi-contrôlées. Méthodes: Pour ce faire, des plants d'Acacia mangiumsont cultivés sur différents substrats comportant différentes proportions de fibre de coco. L'effet de chaque substrat a été évalué par la mesure des paramètres de croissance tel que: la hauteur des plants, la biomassetotale, le taux de nodulation et la teneur en azote et phosphore de la biomasse totale. Résultats :Il ressort de cette étude que l'utilisation de la fibre de coco seule comme un substrat de culture ne favorise pas une meilleure croissance et nodulation de A. mangium.De plus, la proportion de 2/3 de fibre de coco et 1/3 de sol semble être la meilleure dose. Conclusion: Il est donc important de l'utiliser comme un compost dans le milieu afin d'avoir une meilleure croissance et une bonne nodulation.

An experiment was conducted at National Horticulture Research Centre (NHRC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal from March to July of 2019 and 2020 to identify suitable bean genotypes for spring season planting. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications having seven genotypes as treatments viz. Semi Light Long, Long Green Bean, Trishuli, Four Season, LB-37, Pahelo Gheusimi, and Khairo Gheusimi. Observations were recorded on morphological characters, yield, and yield contributing attributes. All genotypes under study showed significant differences among each other. Pahelo Gheusimi was found to be early maturing (81 days after sowing) whereas genotype Four Season had the longest harvesting duration (29 days). Similarly, pod length (20.52 cm) and pod weight (16.60 g) was recorded highest in Long Green Bean, while the highest pod diameter was recorded in Pahelo Gheusimi (12.59 mm). A significantly highest number of pods (92/plant) was observed in Four Season whereas the highest fresh pod yield (1030.3 g/plant) was observed in Long Green Bean which was at par with Four Season (997.1 g/plant). The calculated yield per hectare was 2.5 times higher in Long Green Bean (28.66 t/ha) as compared to the national average in 2020. Both rust incidence and Yellow Bean Mosaic Virus susceptibility were found less in Long Green Bean and Four Season. Based on the two-year observations, Long Green Bean and Four Season were found to be promising for spring season planting.

forma y estructura del sistema radical en las plantas. Las variaciones en la misma están condicionadas por factores ambientales, así como hormonales. Los brasinoesteroides y sus análogos promueven el desarrollo del sistema radical, aunque no existen muchos estudios que demuestren su efecto en la arquitectura de la raíz. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del análogo de brasinoesteroide DI-31 en la arquitectura de la raíz de dos cultivares de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) cv. INCA LP-5 y Perla de Cuba. Se emplearon semillas de ambos cultivares y el análogo de brasinoesteroide DI-31. El peso de las semillas durante la toma de agua tuvo un incremento rápido durante las primeras 15 horas manteniéndose estable posteriormente hasta las 30 horas, momento en que comienza la Fase III de la germinación. No existen diferencias significativas entre los valores de porcentaje de germinación entre los tratamientos empleados en los cultivares estudiados. Las mediciones de los parámetros de la arquitectura de la raíz fueron realizadas con el programa SmartRoot de Image J. La longitud de la radícula fue significativamente mayor para el cultivar INCA LP-5 en los tratamientos con DI-31 no siendo así para el cultivar Perla de Cuba. Se observó diferencias significativas para las variables longitud de la radícula, raíces laterales y densidad de raíces laterales con DI-31 para el cultivar INCA LP-5.

Desde la década de los 1960, arqueólogos han reconocido que Ambos Nogales sirvió como una ‘zona de contacto’ prehispánicos entre Trincheras y Hohokam. En esta frontera, alfareros locales produjeron cerámica que combinan técnicas de ambas tradiciones y desarrollan su propio estilo. Aunque la cerámica lisa representa la mayoría de la cerámica local, nunca ha sido utilizada para entender prácticas culturales locales o la trayectoria prehistórica de producción. Esta presentación ofrece una comparación de cerámica lisa de varios sitios en Nogales, Arizona; estos sitios abarcan un radio de ocho kilómetros y demuestran ocupaciones desde el siglo IX al XIV.  Sostenemos que las técnicas locales de fabricación de cerámica y los estilos estéticos cambiaron significativamente con el tiempo. Además, suponemos que las comunidades alfareras locales eran muy fluidas y presumiblemente cambiaron sus técnicas en respuesta a las interacciones cambiantes con las poblaciones del norte y del sur.

Since the 1960s, archaeologists have recognized that present-day Ambos Nogales acted as a precolonial "contact zone" between the Trincheras and Hohokam. In this modern border region, local potters produced ceramics which amalgamated techniques from both traditions and developed their own distinctive ceramic styles. Although plain ware represents the majority of local pottery, it has never been used to understand local communities of practice or the prehistoric trajectory of pottery production. This poster offers a comparison of plain ware pottery from several sites in Nogales, Arizona. These sites encompass a radius of approximately eight kilometers and had occupations ranging from the ninth to early fourteenth century. We argue that local plain ware manufacturing techniques and aesthetic styles changed significantly over time. Furthermore, we suggest that local potter communities were highly fluid and presumably shifted their techniques in response to changing interactions with populations to the north and south.

Face à la multiplication des sites et sols contaminés, il est nécessaire d'apporter une solution technique pour évaluer le potentiel géno-toxique des sols. En effet, il n'existe actuellement aucun test normalisé au niveau international pour mesurer la génotoxicité (toxicité vis-à-vis du matériel génétique) des matrices solides par exposition directe. La normalisation ISO du test Vicia-micronoyaux nous a amenés à travailler sur l'effet du pH sur la fréquence des micronoyaux ainsi que la gamme de pH dans laquelle le test est réalisable. Deux approches ont été envisagées : la modification artificielle du pH d'un sol et l'exposition à des sols de pH naturellement différents. Les résultats montrent que le test peut être réalisé en respectant les critères de validité dans une gamme de pH allant de 3,1 à 9,0 sans observer d'augmentation de la fréquence des micronoyaux. Les tests réalisés avec les sols naturels de pH différents confirment ces résultats. mots clés Gén...

La investigación tuvo por objeto describir el proceso productivo del cultivo de frijol en la comunidad de Tlatzala, Guerrero y la diversidad de la especie mediante las características morfológicas del grano, contenido de proteína y la calidad culinaria. Fueron aplicados 30 cuestionarios a productores de frijol y se colectaron 20 variedades criollas de las cuales se obtuvieron los caracteres morfológicos del grano, el contenido de proteína y los caracteres culinarios. El ciclo de producción de frijol inicia en mayo y finaliza en octubre. La tecnología utilizada es tradicional caracterizada por el uso de la yunta en las labores del cultivo que demanda mano de obra para realizar las actividades de forma manual. El ciclo biológico de las variedades comienza en junio, la variación en tiempo esta acotada por el genotipo cultivado. Los frijoles de mata o arbustivo son predominantes (65 %). Los sistemas de siembra son: intercalado (50 %) y asociado con maíz (30 %) y monocultivo (20 %). Las ...

Les legumineuses (pois, haricots, soja, arachide, trefles, luzerne...) sont une famille de plantes regroupant environ 20.000 especes, lesquelles constituent une source de proteines essentielle pour l'alimentation humaine et animale. Les racines des legumineuses possedent la particularite de former des associations de cooperation (symbiose) avec des bacteries du sol qui ont la capacite de fixer l'azote (N) atmospherique, lequel n'est pas assimilable par les vegetaux, et le transformer en substances azotees utilisables par la plante hote. Cette propriete permet aux legumineuses d'etre cultivees sans utiliser d'engrais azotes. En contrepartie, la legumineuse apporte a ces bacteries le carbone (source d'energie) necessaire a leur activite fixatrice et a leur croissance. Une partie de l'N ainsi fixe peut etre aussi transferee vers les plantes associees (dans le cas d'associations de cultures) et vers le sol. Ces caracteristiques conferent aux legumineuses ...

Instant corn flour obtained by ohmic heating (OHICF) was used to prepare masa and tortillas. In this study, the effect of average particle size, moisture, and the final temperature on the physicochemical properties of masa and tortillas elaborated from OHICF was evaluated and were compared with flour obtained by the traditional process instant corn flours (TPICF). The results show that the final temperature and the moisture were the variables that affected the viscosity of OHICF. When comparing the quality of the tortillas obtained from the OHICF and TPICF; OHICF gave soft tortillas with higher yield than the TPICF. This was because the pericarp of the corn grain is not lost during processing which acts as natural gums. The ohmic heating has a great potential to be used in the industry of the flours snap shots of maize, with the advantage of being a friendly technology with the environment.

This chapter analyzes the bean-breeding programs developed by CIAT in Central America between 1970 and 1990. The region is an ideal laboratory for studying plant breeding in beans during the Green Revolution. On the one hand, Central America became a Cold War hot spot from 1960 to 1990, as the United States waged counterinsurgent campaigns to stymie the spread of communism in this region. At the same time, Central America experienced rising rates of malnutrition, particularly in rural areas. Amidst this so-called “protein gap,” world organizations and scientific institutions conducted numerous surveys and field research to identify the nutritional deficiencies in the region’s rural population, as well as its causes and potential solutions. What role did the bean varietal improvement process play at this juncture of Cold War and nutritional crises? What were the results?

Yard long bean is one of the important vegetable crop rich in proteins and fibers, grown for fresh vegetable market majorly in south India and which plays a vital role in supplementing the income of small and marginal farmers of Mysuru district of Karnataka. One of the major constrain of traditional Yard long bean farming in Mysore district is low productivity due to nonadaption of advanced technologies like use of improved varieties. The present study Sustainable Yard Long Bean production through introduction of high yielding new variety Arka Managala was carried out at Hunsur Taluk of Mysore district during Kharif 2023. The improved technologies such as introduction of high yielding variety (Arka Mangala), balanced manures, fertilizers application and integrated pest and disease management etc. The present study revealed that introduced variety Arka managla gave highest yield per ha (14.1 t/ha) compared to farmers practice (8.9 t/ha) i.e. traditional varieties used by the farmers. The Arka mangala registered 36.87 per cent increased yield over the farmer's practice variety. The introduced variety Arka Mangala gave higher B:C ratio 1:3.10 with beneficial/market preference characters like long pods (80 cm), light green, stringless, round, tender with crisp texture and early maturity in 60 days along with minimum pest and disease incidence. Present study clearly showed that the yield and economics of Yard long bean can be improved by adapting high yielding variety with recommended scientific technologies.

A protein fraction exhibiting lectin activity was identified in the extract of local Roman bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) sprouts. The galactose-specific lectins demonstrated the highest activity. The galactose-specific lectin (BS-Gal) was purified using affinity chromatography on an ES-2100-100 column. Gel electrophoresis revealed that BS-Gal consists of two protein subunits with molecular weights of 60 and 54 kDa, respectively. Various physicochemical properties of the lectin were investigated, showing optimal activity within a pH range of 7-9 and temperatures from 0 to 75 °C, beyond which its hemagglutinating activity diminishes. The lectin displayed high sensitivity to divalent ions and certain amino acids. Calcium and magnesium ions significantly contribute to the structural integrity of the lectin, as indicated by changes in hemagglutinating activity in the presence of EDTA and EGTA. Additionally, BS-Gal was found to bind to human erythrocytes expressing A and B antigens.

Las enzimas polifenoloxidasas (PPO) fueron extraídas del gel de sábila (Aloe barbadensis Mill), por la adición de polivinil pirrolidona (PVPP). Su posterior caracterización y la determinación de su actividad en el extracto crudo se presume que cuenta con actividad difenolasa ya que presentó actividad sobre los sustratos difenólicos: Pirocatecol, Pirogalol y Catequina. Se estudio el efecto del pH (3 a 8), temperatura (10 a 70ºC) e inhibidores a varias concentraciones, sobre la actividad de PPO. También se determino los valores de Km y Vmax. Las condiciones óptimas de pH y temperatura para cada sustrato empleado fueron Pirocatecol 7 y 50 o C, Pirogalol 7.5 y 20 o C, Catequina 6.5 y 20 o C respectivamente. La mayor actividad se presentó en Pirocatecol 0.2 M con 116.16 U. de act/ml.min y la menor actividad se presentó con pirogalol a partir de 0.002 M con 20.13 U. de act/ml.min. Aunque el Pirogalol se evaluó a una concentración de saturación, 100 veces menor que el Pirocatecol. Los valores aparentes Km y Vmax en los sustratos que mostraron actividad fueron los siguientes: Pirocatecol Kmap 0.4613 y Vmaxap 0.5052 U. de act/ml.min, Pirogalol Kmap 0.003 M y Vmaxap 0.04347 U. de act/ml.min, (+) Catequina Kmap 0.004 M y Vmaxap 80 U. de act/ml.min. Presentando mayor afinidad por el sustrato pirogalol y menor afinidad por pirocatecol. Mientras que para los inhibidores, cisteina, ácido aspártico y ácido ascórbico, fueron efectivos cuando se evalúo la actividad de PPO sobre los sustratos: Pirocatecol y Pirogalol, pero mostró un bajo efecto inhibidor en Catequina, por que los tres se comportaron como activadores de la PPO. POLYPHENYLOXIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE GEL OF SABILA (Aloe vera MILL).

Change in the current energetic model Fotografía: central termoeléctrica martin del corral "Termozipa" Resumen En este artículo se presenta un análisis de la situación energética actual, con el objeto de participar activamente en el proceso de concientización frente al agotamiento de los recursos naturales. Tomando como viable la utilización de energías renovables las cuales no cuentan con el suficiente desarrollo a pesar de que minimizan el impacto ambiental.

African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds were fermented with the aid of a starter culture - Bacillus subtilis to a vegetable protein based food condiment known as ‘Iru’ at various temperatures between 40 °С and 70 °С. Fermentation was carried out for five days (120 hours). The maximum % protein content yield of 52.7 % was obtained after 3 days (72 hours) at an optimum fermentation temperature of 40 ⁰C. Other parameters like % crude fibre, % ash content, % carbohydrate and % fat content decreased with fermentation temperature and duration. The physiological test carried out showed that fermented sample at the optimized condition were generally acceptable for all parameters tested. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) result shows the effect of temperature on the morphological structure of both fermented and unfermented samples.

Esta tesis para optar por el título de Maestría la dedico a: Mi madre Vilma Vallejos (Q.E.P.D), por todo lo que hizo por mis hermanos y por mí, para que saliéramos adelante. Mi esposa Elizabeth Morales por estar siempre a mi lado motivándome y apoyándome en todo momento. Mis hijos Miguel Ángel y Ramón Alejandro, que son la inspiración que necesita todo padre para seguir hacia adelante y superarse. Mis hermanos con los que compartí una parte de mi vida y que siempre han estado ahí para apoyarme incondicionalmente. Mis compañeros de la maestría, con los que lleve una gran relación tanto personal como profesional.

Le pois fourrager (Pisum Sativum L.) est une légumineuse annuelle intéressante car sa plante possède une haute valeur nutritionnelle utilisée en alimentation des ruminants en grain ou en fourrage. Dans le système de culture, le pois fourrager enrichit le sol en azote par la fixation symbiotique de l'azote atmosphérique. L'objectif de cette étude est de comparer le rendement en grains et en fourrage du pois fourrager cultivé via deux techniques culturales, le semis direct (SD) et le travail conventionnel (TC), au se in de trois successions culturales (blé/ pois, blé/ triticale/ pois, blé/ lentille/ blé/ pois), sur trois campagnes agricoles consécutive s (2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019). Les résultats obtenus indiquent un effet année très significatif sur l'ensemble des paramètres étudiés (morphologiques et agronomiques) montrant l'influence des conditions climatiques sur la production de la culture. Cependant, l'effet de la technique culturale n'a pas été significatif sur la majorité des paramètres étudiés, ce qui est en faveur du semis direct. Quelle que soit la rotation, la culture en semis direct a accumulé plus de matière sèche par stade végétatif : stade plantule (0,67 t/ ha), ramification (1,91 t/ ha) et pleine floraison (3,9 t/ ha). Le rendement en grains a aussi été élevé en semis direct comparé au travail conventionnel. L'analyse de corrélation révèle une relation positive entre la matière sèche cumulée, le nombre total des nodules (r ꞊ 0,65), le nombre de nodules actifs (r ꞊ 0,59) et le rendement en grains (r ꞊ 0,64). Ce dernier a été aussi positivement lié au nombre de nodules actifs formés (r ꞊ 0,85). En conclusion, le semis direct apparaît favorable à la production du pois fourrager en zone semi-aride d'Algérie, le choix du précédent cultural a aussi son influence et les composantes du rendement du pois apparaissent très sensibles au contexte climatique.

Summary. The performance of two common bean genotypes Djadida and Tema tested under NaCl stress showed sensitivity to moderate salt concentrations. It appears that salinity produced an imbalance in water relations and affected growth parameters; NaCl application reduced roots, leaves and stems mass production and plant water content. A similar physiological behavior was observed in the two bean genotypes under saline conditions demonstrating the existence of quantitative rather than qualitative differences between the tested genotypes. We noted the superiority of the genotype Tema in maintaining water equilibrium by sinking water potential while sustaining higher growth rate under salinity.

Uso do Trichoderma na cultura do arroz Introdução O arroz é um dos alimentos mais importantes do mundo, visto que é a principal fonte alimentar para a metade da população mundial e responsável por 25% a 80% do fornecimento das calorias na dieta diária; portanto, considerado uma cultura essencial para a segurança alimentar (Walter et al., 2008; Serraj et al., 2009). Agronomicamente, a espécie Oryza sativa é a mais bem-sucedida das espécies cultivadas (Ouko, 2003), sendo classificada nas subespécies indica e japonica, as quais se diferenciam pela adaptação a diferentes fatores ambientais, tais como fotoperíodo e condições de umidade e temperatura (Cheng et al., 2002). Após muitos anos de melhoramento genético, existe atualmente uma diversidade de genótipos adaptados aos diferentes regimes hídricos (Degenkolbe et al., 2013; Terra et al., 2013), o que resultou na classificação de três tipos principais de ecossistemas para o seu cultivo: irrigado por inundação com controle de lâmina de água, irrigado por inundação sem controle de lâmina de água e terras altas com ou sem irrigação, com representatividade de 75%, 19% e 4% de produção de arroz, respectivamente, sendo a área cultivada total de 150 milhões de hectares em nível mundial (Kikuta et al., 2016). No Brasil, grande parte das lavouras de arroz de terras altas está localizada nas regiões dos Cerrados, que se concentram, principalmente, nos

The taxonomic position of Phaseolus vulgaris rhizobial strains with available sequenced genomes was examined. Phylogenetic analyses with concatenated conserved genomic fragments accounting for over half of each genome showed that Rhizobium strains CIAT 652, Ch24-10 (newly reported genome) and CNPAF 512 constituted a well-supported group independent from Rhizobium etli CFN 42 T. DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that CIAT 652, Ch24-10 and CNPAF 512 could correspond to R. etli, although the hybridization values were at the borderline that distinguishes different species. In contrast, experimental hybridization results were higher (over 80%) with Rhizobium phaseoli type strain ATCC 14482 T in congruence to phylogenetic and ANIm analyses. The latter criterion allowed the reclassification of R. etli strains 8C-3 and Brasil5 as R. phaseoli. It was therefore concluded, based on all the evidence, that the CIAT 652, Ch24-10, and CNPAF 512 strains should be reclassified as R. phaseoli in spite of several common features linking them to R. etli. The R. phaseoli and R. etli speciation process seems to be a more recent event than the speciation that has occurred among other sister species, such as R. leguminosarum-R. etli or R. rhizogenes-R. tropici.

Respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) constitute a multigene family in plants. These reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzymes participate in diverse biological processes. We previously demonstrated that PvRbohB plays an important role in lateral root (LR) development in Phaseolus vulgaris. However, little is known about the roles of other Rboh members in root development. Here, we report that PvRbohA is involved in LR emergence in P. vulgaris. PvRbohA was expressed in wild-type P. vulgaris root tissues, e.g., the radicle, inter LR zone, and LR zone, and its expression increased during LR formation. Analysis of the spatio-temporal expression patterns of a reporter construct under the control of the PvRbohA promoter (PvRbohA::GUS-GFP) in transgenic roots showed that PvRbohA was active at all three stages of LR development, but its spatial expression pattern varied at each stage. The relative expression levels of PvRbohA during LR formation correlated with the activity of PvRbohA promoter. Furthermore, upon PvRbohA transcript silencing, LR growth was significantly altered in transgenic hairy roots. These findings suggest that RbohA participates in LR initiation, emergence, and development in the legume P. vulgaris by delimiting the region for LR emergence.

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For the legumes cultivation, the presence of specific Rhizobium in the soil is very necessary in fact a minimum number of bacteria is essential to obtain a good nodulation. The formula used for the count of Rhizobia in soil is the most probable number (MPN) method. For this purpose, four cultivation systems were used: d1, d2, d3 and d4. The soils of the all studied regions have a natural population of Rhizobium sp cicer. The size of this population is determined by the MPN method. This has been attributed to the use of plant growth systems. The result have shown that just the cultivation system d1 will be considered to realize such studies even that this system have shown some failure. Moreover, the MPN method failed on the evaluation of the rhizobia population hence the need to find a new specialized method.

Introduction: Study was taken with an objective to investigate the inhibitory effect of Phaseolus lunatus seeds extract on three enzymes (α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase) which are involved in diabetes. The disadvantages related with the use of synthetic drugs make it necessary to search for alternative drugs from medicinal plants. One therapeutic approach for the treatment of postprandial hyperglycaemia is to decrease the plasma glucose level which can be attained by lowering the starch hydrolysis by digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase. The use of synthetic antidiabetic agents caused gastrointestinal side effects.  Methods: Hence, the research was aimed to evaluate the potential of Phaseolus lunatus seeds extract to inhibit α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase as a possible mechanism of hypoglycemia caused by this plant with less side effects.  Phaseolus lunatus, also known as Lima bean, is native to Tropical America and are grown throughout the world. ...

Los datos arqueobotánicos contribuyen aún poco a las reconstrucciones de la subsistencia y los paisajes agrarios aztecas. En este artículo analizamos un conjunto de macrorrestos carbonizados de plantas recuperado en la capital posclásica del Valle de Toluca. Consideramos los procesos de formación propios del sitio y en particular las vías de carbonización de los restos vegetales que permitieron su conservación. Destaca la quema de casas de bajareque, la que en dos casos consumió cantidades importantes de víveres almacenados. Proponemos un primer esbozo de la subsistencia de los habitantes del sitio y del paisaje de laderas terraceadas en las que se distribuían sus viviendas y terrenos de cultivo. Atribuimos un papel esencial a los llamados seudo-cereales, incluidos la chía y una especie de quenopodio, posiblemente cultivado por su grano. 

As cultivares de feijoeiro, além da adaptação ao local de cultivo, devem apresentar alto potencial produtivo e atender as exigências dos consumidores quanto aos atributos qualitativos. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os componentes de produção, produtividade e atributos qualitativos de cultivares de feijoeiro do grupo comercial carioca no período de outono-inverno, visando obter informações referentes à capacidade produtiva e à qualidade dos grãos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 13 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas cultivares de feijoeiro:

A total of 49 sesame cultivars were assessed for genetic variability based on some agro morphological characters at Ndounga research station in 2010. Five qualitative and ten quantitative characters were collected in this study. Results showed that the 49 sesame cultivars were clustered into three main clusters at 0.175 level of similarity. Highly significant positive correlation were found between capsule yield (CY) and seed yield (CY) and between seed yield and harvest index with respectively r=0.94 and r=0.85 The results suggested that seed coat color, seed and capsule yields, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity, number of branches/plant, number of capsule/plant, capsule length and harvest index were the most important traits to be considered in discriminating sesame germplasm. Cultivars SN22-04 and SN9-04 which showed relatively better performance with most desirable characters should be involved in a hybridization program.

« C'est le chemin du cactus qui mène à la gloire et non le chemin de jasmin » Fayza et Salima Dédicaces Mes très chers parents : Puisse ce modeste travail constituer une légère compensation pour tous les nobles sacrifices pour assurer mon bien être et mon éducation, vous m'avez toujours encouragé et soutenu, merci pour votre confiance et votre amour. A Mes très chers frères Avec qui j'ai passé les meilleurs moments de mon existence : Mokrane, Hakim et Nadir A Ma très chère soeur Nadjet que j'adore Mes dédicaces sont également adressées à tous mes cousins et cousines A Mes chères copines : Hadjila,

As constantes oscilações na economia nacional e mundial, decorrente de um mercado globalizado, faz com que se busque formas alternativas para reduzir os custos dos negócios. Não distante desta realidade faz necessário uma redução dos custos nos agronegócios, a fim de deixar os produtos mais competitivos. Neste sentido este artigo buscou demonstrar os principais diferenciais dos sistemas de cultivos de arroz nos quais se destacam o sistema de plantio convencional, o sistema de plantio direto e o sistema de plantio pré-germinado, no que se refere a custos de plantio, tendo este estudo adotado a metodologia do estudo de caso. Os resultados mais significativos encontrados,foram que os sistemas de cultivo diferenciam-se de maneira mais significativa quando se trata de irrigação mecânica e que apontou o sistema de cultivo pré-germinado como sendo o que demonstrou menor custo de plantio.

The effect of temperature on the nutritional values of fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seed were studied. Temperatures ranging between 40 to 70⁰C were used for the fermentation. Biochemical and physiological analysis were evaluated. Highest nutritional values were obtained with samples fermented at lower temperatures (40 and 50⁰C) and they all had acceptable end products while all the samples fermented with higher temperature (60 and 70⁰C) gave poor nutritional values with unacceptable end products. Bacillus subtilis was used as starter culture and fermentation was carried out for 5 days (120 hours). An increase in moisture, protein, crude fat contents and decrease in total carbohydrate and crude fibre were noticed for all the fermentation temperature variation. The Organic functional groups were identified and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effect of temperature on the morphological structure of fermented samples

Low crop yields are observed in the soils of South Kivu and lead to food insecurity and malnutrition. An experiment was conducted on a ferralsol to determine the optimal dose in both local and improved common bean cultivars (M'Sole and HM-21) and subsequently that which will allow store nutrients not only in the leaves but also in the seeds, the two parts of the plant commonly consumed and sold in the region. Experiments were conducted in a split-plot design with three replications in 2017 and 2018. Observations were focused on growth and yield parameters. N, P, and Fe levels were determined in leaves, roots and seeds. Results showed that common bean yield and its related parameters were influenced by the fertilizer doses and varieties. The biofortified variety (HM-21) presented higher yield than the local (M'Sole). The allocation of N, P and Fe varied from one variety to another; the best concentration was obtained with 51 kg ha −1 of N, P and K which corresponded to 300 kg ha −1 of NPK composite fertiliser. High nutrient concentrations were observed in young (0.23 g kg −1 of N and 51 ppm of Fe), actively growing leaves (0.19 g kg −1 of N and 50 ppm of Fe) and at the end of the growth cycle (0.19 g kg −1 of N and 48 ppm Fe). Thus, grains and leaves of biofortified beans can reduce anemia problems in eastern of DR Congo by increasing yield and nutrient

Introduction: Study was taken with an objective to investigate the inhibitory effect of Phaseolus lunatus seeds extract on three enzymes (α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase) which are involved in diabetes. The disadvantages related with the use of synthetic drugs make it necessary to search for alternative drugs from medicinal plants. One therapeutic approach for the treatment of postprandial hyperglycaemia is to decrease the plasma glucose level which can be attained by lowering the starch hydrolysis by digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase. The use of synthetic antidiabetic agents caused gastrointestinal side effects.  Methods: Hence, the research was aimed to evaluate the potential of Phaseolus lunatus seeds extract to inhibit α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase as a possible mechanism of hypoglycemia caused by this plant with less side effects.  Phaseolus lunatus, also known as Lima bean, is native to Tropical America and are grown throughout the world. ...

Le haricot vert (Phaseolus vulgaris), largement consommé au Bénin et en Afrique de l’Ouest offre des avantages nutritionnels significatifs en tant que source potentielle de protéines, de calories, de vitamines et de minéraux, suscitant un intérêt pour le marché mondial. Cependant, malgré ses atouts, sa production est confrontée à diverses contraintes. Cette revue analytique, basée sur des données de la littérature nationale et internationale dresse un état des lieux des contraintes biotiques liées a la production du haricot vert. De façon spécifique, la revue a permis d’inventorier toutes les maladies fongiques du haricot vert et d’identifier leurs méthodes de gestion. La rédaction de cette revue s’appuie sur une recherche bibliographique dans diverses bases de données de recherches. Les critères d’inclusion se concentrent sur les maladies fongiques et leurs méthodes de contrôle, excluant les données relatives aux maladies bactériennes, virales ainsi qu’aux bioagresseurs tels que les insectes, les acariens et les nématodes. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que les agents phytopathogènes sont prédominants, entrainant des pertes de rendement pouvant atteindre 100%. L’application des mesures prophylactiques, combinée à l’intégration des méthodes de luttes biologique, culturale, génétique et chimique offrent une gestion efficace des agents phytopathogènes. En conclusion, des perspectives de recherches, axées sur l’épidémiologie et les méthodes de luttes, sont nécessaires pour réduire la dépendance du Bénin à l’importation venant de pays voisins.

Beans are one of the main vegetable protein sources for human consumption. Breeders always seek a diversity of bean genotypes to establish and select the best genotypes that promote the greatest genetic gain for the crop. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of bean genotypes based on the characterization of qualitative and quantitative descriptors. Samples of 17 bean cultivars were acquired from the local seed market in Cassilândia, MS, Brazil. Four quantitative and eight qualitative descriptors were used. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using a completely randomized design with three replications. Quantitative data means were grouped using the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the qualitative and quantitative data. Genetic diversity was reported for all quantitative and qualitative traits of bean seeds. The weight of 1,000 seeds (169 to 629 g), seed width (4.8 to 8.0 mm), seed length (8 to 17 mm), and seed thickness (3.7 to 7.4 mm) showed highly significant differences (P<0.001) between the genotypes. Seed color (2 classes), primary color (3 classes) and secondary color (3 classes), seed shape (5 classes), degree of seed flattening (3 classes), seed brightness (3 classes), halo (2 classes) and halo color (2 classes) were the qualitative descriptors measured. The qualitative and quantitative descriptors used in this study proved important for describing the germplasm of the bean crop. The principal component analysis showed that the first two components retain 58% of the data variability, forming five divergent groups. The characterization of the bean genotypes showed genetic diversity in their seeds, and the qualitative and quantitative descriptors used contributed to the adequate separation of the genotypes.

11619-Influência de sucessões culturais sobre populações microbianas do solo e densidade de inóculo de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum em feijão-caupi Influence of cultural succession on soil microbial populations and inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum in cowpea

Water stress has adverse impacts on crop growth, yield and quality parameters thus, considered among serious constraints to agriculture production. Under depleting natural resources, environmental fluctuation and increased risk of epidemic outbreak, the task of sufficient wheat production has become a serious problem. In this study, effect of seed size and water stress was analyzed in three wheat varieties (PBW-154, UP-2338, and UP-2425). Three seed size classes (large, medium, small) of each wheat variety were kept under four water stress levels. It was observed that the shoot length and root length were highly sensitive to water stress and showed minimum growth at highest water stress level. The comparison of varieties, seed size classes and water stress levels showed that in terms of seedling growth variety UP-2338 was more resistant to water stress as compared to other varieties, whereas in terms of germination variety PBW-154 was more resistant. Variety UP-2425 showed maximum r...

The present study is designed to determine the types of secondary metabolites in three selected seed powders by fast, reliable, and non-destructive Near Infra Red spectroscopic analytical technique. NIRS analysis of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn., seed flours were done for qualitative evaluation of secondary metabolites. The fine powder of crude drug was directly applied in FOSS XDS near infrared Rapid Content Analyzer. The properly filled powdered sample in a disposable glass silicate vial and closed with plastic lid was centrally placed onto the sample presentation glass of Foss Rapid Content Analyzer. The scanning of sample at ambient temperature gives NIR spectra within 30 seconds. The major proposed compounds in M. uniflorum were 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol, linolenic acid, niacin, quercetin, sinapinic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid. Whereas, coumaric acid, fructose, galactose, L-serine, raffinose, stachyose, sucrose, threonine, and tyrosine were detected in P. lunatus and the NIR suggested the presence of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapinic acid, phytic acid, leucine, and valine in P. vulgaris. NIRS as an advance innovative technology extensively used in chemical, food, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries for rapid and reliable standardization. The present study revealed a good correlation to conclude that flour samples of all the three legume seeds could potentially be added to food system to achieve nutritional and functional benefits.

Por su alto valor nutricional, el frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es la especie más importante para el consumo humano entre las leguminosas de grano comestibles. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar 11 líneas RAZ de frijol común, promisorias por su resistencia contra Zabrotes subfasciatus Boh. En octubre de 2019, se sembraron 11 líneas RAZ del Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), utilizando un diseño de bloques completos al azar en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), San José de Las Lajas, Cuba. Se evaluaron 22 caracteres cuantitativos y cualitativos del descriptor del frijol común y se realizaron análisis de frecuencia para las características cualitativas y estadígrafos básicos y análisis de componentes principales (ACP) de los atributos cuantitativos. Los caracteres con mayor variabilidad fueron el color primario de la semilla (reportándose 5 diferentes, y siendo el blanco sucio el más frecuente); el color predominante de la vaina en l...