Personality Trait

The negative consequences of shift work on workers’ health and safety increasingly ignored. The major effects include health effects and effects on quantity of sleep, alertness, life satisfaction, and job performance. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships between shift work and related health effects and shift work and workers' satisfaction in workers of mining industry located in south-west of Iran. All workers of the mining industry were enrolled in this cross-sectional study in 2013. Data were collected by survey of shift workers (SOS) questionnaire. Subjects were divided into case and control groups. The case group included 155 workers employed in shift work schedule and the control group included 104 workers employed in regular day shifts. SOS questionnaire includes questions about demographic features of workers, shift system, health effects of shift work, and the effect of shift work on workers' life satisfaction. Comparisons between the two gro...

This study explored relationships between the sensation-seeking trait and the de- velopment of emotional symptomatology during smoking cessation with nicotine transdermal patches. Twenty-five subjects were evaluated before they stopped smoking, on Day 8, Day 30, Day 90, and Day 120. Initial motives for smoking and the sensation-seeking personality trait were tested as possible predictors for the development of specific mood disturbances. Our subjects scored very high on sensation seeking, consistent with previous results on smokers. This may also be due to the well-known tendency of high sensation-seekers to be willing to try new experiences. The sensation-seeking trait did not predict the issue of cessation. However, it was related to emotional deficit (anhedonia, affective blunting), tiredness, and a lack of energy, before and during smoking cessation. Two different interpretations of emotional deficit are proposed.

Anhedonia is a personality trait associated with a decrease in the ability to feel pleasure. We investigated the experience of pleasure in individuals with physical and social anhedonia for positive pictures with varying levels of luminance contrast. Photographs with either a sensory or a social content were modified with a contrast-gradation procedure. Participants had to report the intensity of the pleasure they experienced in response to these pictures. Twenty-six subjects with physical anhedonia, 18 with social anhedonia and 34 control subjects completed the task. In controls, high-contrast pictures elicited an intense feeling of pleasure, whereas low contrast pictures elicited little pleasure. Although they were also sensitive to the modulation of contrast, subjects with physical and social anhedonia reported less pleasure than controls, across a larger range of contrast levels for sensory and social pictures, respectively. The findings suggest that the deficit in the experienc...

Objectives: The objectives of the study are (1) to study personality profile in patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and (2) to study incidence of psychosis in patients with AUD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of psychiatry of a tertiary care medical college. 70 patients presenting with a history of alcohol intake underwent diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5 th edition (DSM-5) criteria for AUD were enrolled in the study on the basis of pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Post a 2-week detoxification period, psychiatric symptoms encompassing depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and unusual behavior were assessed using the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), while personality profiles were evaluated with the NEO Personality Inventory-3. Alcohol dependence levels were measured using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire. Results: There were 60 (85.71%) males and 10 (14.29%) females. There was a significant male preponderance in studied cases with M:F ratio of 1:0.16. Highest number of patients, i.e., 63 (90%) patients were married, followed by 4 (5.71%) patients were unmarried and 3 (4.29%) patients were divorced. Among 70 studied cases, 5 (7.14%) patients were found to have some or the other degree of psychotic symptoms. There was a significant correlation between being unskilled worker and having low literacy or low income and AUD (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant association between severity of AUD and education (p=0.70), occupation (p=0.94), income (p=0.84), and family history of alcohol consumption (p=0.58). Participants have mild severity shown low to average score on neuroticism, average scores on extraversion, very low to low scores on openness, high to very high scores on agreeableness, and high to very high scores on conscientiousness. Conclusion: We found a significant correlation of AUD with increasing age, male gender, early alcohol initiation, and prolonged dependence. Lower education and unskilled occupations were also linked to AUD. Personality trait analysis revealed distinct patterns based on the severity of physical dependency.

The frequency of alcohol use among a subject population of 2X male and 60 female college students was assessed using the Student Alcohol and Drug Use Survey (STADUS). Data were also collected on personality traits as measured by the Sensation Seeking Scale V (SSSV) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Finally, three biochemical variables were assessed: monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) activity, and testosterone levels. Among males. high SSSV scores. high testosterone levels, and low MAO activity contributed to the variance in alcohol use. whereas among females, a significant proportion of the variability in alcohol use was accounted for by high SSSV scores. high DBH activity. and younger age.

In a sample of 127 Spanish adolescents, the ability to understand and manage emotions, assessed by a performance measure of emotional intelligence (the MSCEIT), correlated positively with teacher ratings of academic achievement and adaptation for both males and females. Among girls, these emotional abilities also correlated positively with peer friendship nominations. After controlling for IQ and the Big Five personality traits, the ability to understand and manage emotions remained significantly associated with teacher ratings of academic adaptation among boys and peer friendship nominations among girls. Self-perceived emotional intelligence was unrelated to these criteria. These findings provide partial support for hypotheses that emotional abilities are associated with indicators of social and academic adaptation to school.

We report the findings from two studies that examine the association between emotional intelligence and leadership emergence in small groups. In both studies, members of groups completed measures of emotional intelligence and other individual differences prior to working on a group project. Their peers rated their leadership emergence at the conclusion of the project. Overall emotional intelligence and a number of its dimensions were associated with leadership emergence over and above cognitive intelligence, personality traits, and gender. These findings were observed when emotional intelligence was measured with an ability test but not when it was measured with a self-report scale. Among the dimensions of emotional intelligence, the ability to understand emotions was most consistently associated with leadership emergence.

Emotion regulation abilities, measured on a test of emotional intelligence, were related to several indicators of the quality of individuals' social interactions with peers. In a sample of 76 college students, emotion regulation abilities were associated with both self-reports and peer nominations of interpersonal sensitivity and prosocial tendencies, the proportion of positive vs. negative peer nominations, and reciprocal friendship nominations. These relationships remained statistically significant after controlling for the Big Five personality traits as well as verbal and fluid intelligence.

Students’ ability to evaluate emotionally challenging situations and identify effective strategies for managing emotions in themselves and others was negatively related to poor classroom social behavior across three studies. These studies, involving 463 students from two Spanish high schools and one American university, examined indicators of adaptation to school based on teacher ratings and official school records. Relationships between the ability to manage emotions, measured with a situational judgment test, and indicators of social adaptation to school remained significant or marginally significant after controlling for demographic factors, personality traits, and indicators of cognitive ability. These findings suggest that emotion regulation knowledge and skills that can be taught explain important aspects of socio-emotional adaptation to school over and above other relevant constructs.

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity predicts alcohol sensitivity and voluntary alcohol intake in rhesus monkeys. Ups J Med Sci. (2006) Further evidence for an association of 5-HTTLPR with intensity dependence of auditory evoked potentials. (2008) ADHD and Disruptive Behavior scores-associations with MAO-A and 5-HTT genes and with platelet MAO-B activity in adolescents. Associations of MAOA-VNTR or 5HTT-LPR alleles with ADHD symptoms are moderated by platelet MAO-B activity. Accepted for publication in Psychiatric Genetics. Effect of prena-tal fluoxetine on serotonergic cell bodies in lateral wings of dorsal ra-phe nucleus. Manuscript. Reprints were made with permission from the respective publishers. Do alcohol-dependent individuals with DRD2 A1 allele have an increased risk of relapse? A pilot study. Accepted for publication in Alcohol and Alcoholism. (2008) The MAO-A gene, platelet MAO-B activity and psychosocial environment in adolescent female alcohol-related problem behaviour. ...

Objective: Life skills programs should ensure that their effects generalize across contexts and activities. Three studies are presented examining the construct validity of an instrument assessing global goal orientations in life in conjunction with a measure of goal orientations in physical education. It was also investigated whether the effects of global goal orientations generalize across contexts. : Participants were middle school students (N = 351, N = 580 and N = 658) who completed the two goal orientations instruments, measures of self-regulation, affect and beliefs at the global level of generality and specific to the physical education domain and measures of exercise and academic behaviours. Results: Multi-sample factor analysis established the factorial validity of the global goal orientations instrument and the distinctiveness of global goals from achievement goals in physical education. Controlling for social desirability effects, the partial correlations of goal orientations in life with global intrinsic-extrinsic motivation, life satisfaction, pleasant and unpleasant affect in life, purposes of life and perceived purposes of physical education, locomotion and assessment, metacognition in physical education, exercise and academic behaviors, were in the expected direction. In general, global goals made a significant contribution to the explanation of variance of global constructs, while achievement goals in physical education made a unique contribution to the explanation of variance of physical education specific constructs. Discussion: The results support the construct validity of the instrument assessing global goal orientations in life. They also indicate that global goal orientations are distinct constructs from goal orientations in physical education. The global goal orientations measure can be particularly useful for practitioners teaching interdisciplinary and life skills.

Belongingness has emerged as a central construct of theoretical importance in the last two decades; however, little attention has been given to develop a brief, psychometrically sound measure of general belongingness. Three studies were conducted to develop a 12-item measure to assess a sense of general belongingness. Students were recruited to participate in online computer-administered surveys (N = 81, 875, and 213, respectively). High reliability and strong patterns of validity estimates are established. EFA and CFA results indicate a 2-factor structure (Acceptance/Inclusion and lack of Rejection/Exclusion), with a high inter-factor correlation. The current investigation is the first to document that achieved belongingness is distinct from the need to belong, and to show strong associations between belongingness and the Big Five personality traits of Neuroticism (r = À.51) and Extraversion (r = .46).

The aims of this study were to replicate the results of a previous study ) and to extend them by examining the evidence for prenatal exposure to androgens versus sibling imitation as a potential cause of group differences in levels of sensation seeking. Participants were members of the Australian Twin Registry who had participated in a structured interview study and completed the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale. Three sets of group comparisons were conducted: (1) the sensation seeking scores of females from same-sex twin pairs (n = 1,947) were compared to females from opposite-sex twin pairs (n = 564), (2) females from samesex twin pairs without a brother (n = 580) were compared to same-sex females with a close-in-age older brother (n = 300), and (3) same-sex females who had a close-inage older brother (n = 300) were compared to females from opposite-sex twin pairs (n = 564). Females from opposite-sex twin pairs obtained significantly higher scores than females from same-sex twin pairs on the experienceseeking (d = 0.12) and thrill and adventure seeking (d = 0.10) subscales, but not the boredom susceptibility (d = -0.01) or disinhibition (d \ 0.01) subscales of the Sensation-Seeking Scale. The modest effects obtained could not be explained by the psychosocial effect of having a close-in-age brother. Considering these effects alongside the overall sex differences in the Sensation-Seeking Scales of experience-seeking (d = 0.12 vs. d = 0.18) and thrill and adventure-seeking (d = 0.10 vs. d = 0.83) suggests that prenatal androgens may actually play a large role in the sex difference in the personality trait of experience seeking, and a smaller role in thrill and adventure-seeking; there was no evidence from this study that prenatal androgens are important for explaining sex differences in the traits of boredom susceptibility or disinhibition.

En relación a las complicaciones micro y macroangiopáticas de pacientes con diabetes, existe una extensa evidencia que demuestra claramente la ventaja de mantener un estricto control tanto sobre la glucemia, como sobre los factores de riesgo. Sin embargo, el control de estos pacientes sigue siendo deficitario, debido por una parte a la dificultad de iniciar y mantener modificaciones en el estilo de vida, y una adherencia al tratamiento por un tiempo suficiente como para alcanzar un buen control metabólico. Por otra parte, la atención del paciente se estructura en las demandas que se generan durante la consulta, que es además fragmentada, duplicativa, desorganizada y focalizada en el tratamiento de las complicaciones. Persisten aún muchos factores que actúan como barreras para implementar un tratamiento adecuado de la diabetes mellitus (DM). Entre ellas, influyen la organización de los cuidados médicos, los factores psico-sociales de los pacientes, sus situaciones vitales, su instrucción formal y la educación diabetológica. Además, el nivel de conocimiento de los médicos, sus convicciones y personalidad también actúan sobre el control de los pacientes. Existe evidencia de que los programas de manejo de enfermedades crónicas mejoran los resultados en los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Con el objetivo de mejorar la expectativa y calidad de vida de estos pacientes, implementamos estrategias específicas de tratamiento dentro del marco de Programas de Manejo de Enfermedades Crónicas de nuestra Institución. Se describen en el presente trabajo las características de este programa, sus objetivos, estrategias y procesos de implementación. Palabras clave: diabetes mellitus, educación para la salud, educación médica continua.

Objective: The hypothesized relationship between theory of mind (ToM) and self-face recognition as well as its potential genetic associations has not been previously explored in patients with schizophrenia and in first-degree relatives with schizotypal personality traits. Method: Ten patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, 10 of their first-degree relatives and 10 healthy controls were included. To assess self-face recognition (SFR), participants were presented images of faces of themselves and others and asked to make rapid 'unfamiliar', 'familiar' and 'self' judgments. As a measure of ToM, subjects were administered the Revised Mind in the Eyes Test (MET [Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., and Plumb, I., 2001. The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 42 (2), 241-251.]). Schizotypal characteristics in relatives and controls were assessed using a modified version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ [Raine, A., 1991. The SPQ: a scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin 17(4), 555-564.]). Results: Patients took longer and were less accurate on the SFR task than their relatives who in turn performed worse than healthy controls. Specific ToM deficits in schizophrenia were replicated. There was a relationship between accuracy rates on the MET and SFR tasks. High levels of schizotypal traits such as social anxiety, constricted affect and no close friends were important for both tasks. Conclusions: Face recognition deficits and ToM deficits in schizophrenia are apparent. The critical influence of high levels of select schizotypal traits is also highlighted. A deficit in relatives of schizophrenia patients raises the possibility that ToM and face recognition deficits may be candidate endophenotypes for schizophrenia. Support for the hypothesized link between ToM and face recognition is provided.

A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 Résumé Le modèle des « Big Five » rencontre aujourd'hui un large consensus pour l'évaluation de la personnalité. Le Big Five Inventory (BFI), développé par John et al., a été traduit et validé en France. Le but de cette étude est de présenter la poursuite du travail de validation du BFI Français (BFI-Fr) sur un large échantillon d'étudiants, pour vérifier (1) ses qualités psychométriques internes et (2) assurer une validation convergente avec le NEO-PI-R. Une première étude (1) de validation interne et de comparaison interculturelle a été réalisée auprès d'étudiants (N = 2 499). Elle a mis en évidence une réplication satisfaisante de la structure factorielle américaine et une confirmation des premiers travaux de validation en langue française. Elle atteste de la solidité de la structure factorielle du BFI-Fr et de ses bonnes qualités psychométriques. La comparaison des scores et écarts-types entre les étudiants français, américains et espagnols, montre des résultats très similaires, témoignant indirectement de la comparabilité des outils. Une seconde étude (2) a mis en évidence une validation convergente et discriminante satisfaisante par rapport au NEO-PI-R. Le BFI-Fr est désormais un outil valide, permettant aux cliniciens et chercheurs de disposer d'un inventaire des cinq grands facteurs de la personnalité en langue française. Il est simple et robuste, fiable et économique.

Learn about Down Syndrome, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. Get expert insights on early intervention and supportive care for a better quality of life. Stay informed with Artemis Hospitals.
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We conducted secondary analyses to determine the relationship between longstanding personality traits and risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) among 767 participants 72 years of age or older who were followed for more than 6 years. Personality was assessed with the NEO-FFI. We hypothesized that elevated Neuroticism, lower Openness, and lower Conscientiousness would be independently associated with risk of AD. Hypotheses were supported. The finding that AD risk is associated with elevated Neuroticism and lower Conscientiousness can be added to the accumulating literature documenting the pathogenic effects of these two traits. The link between lower Openness and AD risk is consistent with recent findings on cognitive activity and AD risk. Findings have implications for prevention research and for the conceptualization of the etiology of Alzheimer's Disease.

Neurodevelopmental schizophrenia seems to be caused by impaired cerebral development and is supposed to be associated with obstetric complications (OCs), poor premorbid adjustment, schizotypal or schizoid personality traits and negative symptoms. In the present study, 36 schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients and their same-sex, healthy siblings were recruited. They were diagnosed according to DSM-III-R, using structured psychiatric interviews and a consensus of 2 psychiatrists. Information on OCs, birth weight, premorbid social and learning functioning was obtained from their mothers. The main results show significant differences in OCs, birth weight, premorbid social and learning functioning between patients and their same-sex, healthy siblings. Using multivariate analyses, both premorbid variables were again identified to discriminate well between affected and unaffected siblings. Our findings seem to confirm the concept of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental process.

Cloninger proposed a biosocial model for personality, linking personality traits to patterns of responses to various external stimuli, including alcohol. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was administered in a multicenter study to detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (N = 521). The objectives of the study were to evaluate (1} the expression of the three personality dimensions, novelty-seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), and reward dependence (RD), of the TPQ in this sample, and (2) the influence of different variables on these personality dimensions. The following variables were selected for a multiple and a stepwise regression analysis: sex, family history for major psychiatric disorders, marital status, occupa-tion, age at study enrollment, age of onset of alcoholism, serum cholesterol level, intake of neuroleptics or benzodiazepines for detoxification, and severity of depression and anxiety. In comparison to Austrian normative data, both sexes of detoxified alcohol addicts scored higher in HA. The variables examined explain 23% of the variance of NS and 35% of HA. Only one variable, namely age of onset, is significantly influencing NS (19% explained variance}. HA is significantly influenced by three variables: anxiety state, anxiety trait, and sex (32% explained variance}. RD is not influenced by any of the variables examined.

Empathy has been considered a central feature of our temperamental dispositions in childhood and adolescence. It plays a central role in the development of prosocial behavior and moral reasoning. However, the links between empathy and the major factors of personality have not yet been well described. This study explores the relationships between an index of empathy and the Big-Five personality model in a sample of 832 Spanish adolescents. As expected, results show that empathy correlates strongly with Friendliness. Positive correlations with Conscientiousness, Energy, and Openness traits have also been observed, but regression analyses show that relationships of empathy with those three factors were of negligible importance. Contrary to expectations, empathy did not correlate with Emotional stability. This pattern of results was replicated across boys and girls.

Summary This work analyzes the relationship between the different CDI factors, nonsocialized personality traits as measured by the Psychoticism and Antisocial Behavior EPQ scales, academic achievement, and general intelligence. Participants in this study were 678 8th-grade Basic General Education students (secondary), of whom 315 were boys and 363 girls, with an average mean age of 13 years. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the CDI performed yielded four orthogonal factors. The third factor (CDI-III; Incompetence/Maladjustment) was integrated by items related to social and academic maladjusted behavior. The CDI was negatively correlated with academic achievement, although this correlation disappeared when performing partial correlations controlling for CDI-III. A regression analysis further corroborated that CDI-III was the only CDI factor related to low academic achievement. The results also show that the CDI-III and Introversion for boys, and the CDI-III and Neu...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue resaltar la importancia de la participacion de los psicologos en los equipos multidisciplinarios que atiendan a pacientes con enfermedades gastrointestinales. Existe una variedad de alteraciones emocionales que experimenta cada paciente, pero aun hoy se desconoce si son estas las que originan el padecimiento o son, por el contrario, las consecuencias del mismo, razon por la que es relevante atenderlas y valorarlas para poder tener una mejor comprension de la enfermedad y, a la vez, lograr una mejor calidad de vida para los pacientes. Profundizar en estos aspectos ayudara a fundamentar una nueva especialidad de la psicologia consagrada a estudiar los procesos relacionados con la aparicion y el desarrollo de las enfermedades gastrointestinales, disenar programas de promocion y prevencion en el area, y apoyar el diagnostico, la evaluacion y el tratamiento medico-nutricional.

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of personality traits measured by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; Tellegen, 2000 and Waller, 2008) in selecting educational majors. Personality traits were examined alone, and with the combination of Holland's hexagonal confidence domains, as measured by the general confidence themes (GCT) of the Skills Confidence Inventory (SCI; , and Holland's interest domains, as measured by the general occupational themes (GOTs) of the 2005 Strong Interest Inventory (SII; Donnay, . Personality traits significantly contributed to the discrimination of nine educational major families in a sample of 368 undergraduate decided students. When the set of confidence and interest scales was added to the personality traits, the conservative jack knife hit rate was almost doubled.

This study sought to determine if certain personalities and uses are associated with various fonts. Using an online survey, participants rated the personality of 20 fonts using 15 adjective pairs. In addition, participants viewed the same 20 fonts and selected which uses were most appropriate. Results suggested that personality traits are indeed attributed to fonts based on their design family (Serif, Sans-Serif, Modern, Monospace, Script/Funny) and are associated with appropriate uses. Implications of these results to the design of online materials and websites are discussed.

There is debate about whether the psychopath's criminal behaviour is a consequence of abnormal personality traits or a symptom of psychopathy. The aim of this study was to examine independent associations between offending behaviour over the lifetime and psychopathy in a representative sample of male and female offenders. A two-stage survey was carried out among prisoners in all prisons in England and Wales. Psychopathy was measured using the PCL-R in the second stage among 497 male and female prisoners. Independent relationships between the four factors of psychopathy and lifetime offences were examined using multiple regression. Two models of association were compared to test the effects of the fourth (antisocial) factor. Factor 1 (interpersonal) was not associated with any category of serious offending behaviour. Affective deficiency (Factor 2) was independently associated with violent and acquisitive offending in men. The contribution of the antisocial factor to associations with total PCL-R scores, together with its strong intercorrelations with Factor 3 (lifestyle), suggest that it is an integral component of the psychopathy construct. The findings also demonstrate the dilemma of colinearity between the third and fourth factors of psychopathy and their relationship with criminal behaviour, especially in men.

Background  Spina bifida (SB) can place parents at risk for increased levels of parenting stress. Little is known, however, about the role of parents’ intrapersonal resources. Therefore, based on ideas of the Disability‐Stress‐Coping Model, relations between the severity of SB, parents’ personality traits and parenting stress were examined.Methods  Forty‐six mothers and 37 fathers of children with SB (6–14 years) participated. Severity of SB (physical dysfunctions and cognitive functions), parental personality (Big Five) and parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index) were measured. Multiple regression analyses were performed.Results  The severity of the child&#39;s physical dysfunctions was positively associated with parenting stress. Extraversion (mothers only), emotional stability and agreeableness (fathers only) were negatively related to parenting stress. In the final model, 64% of the variance in mothers’ and 67% of the variance in fathers’ levels of parenting stress was explain...

Volumes of research show that people in different geographic regions differ psychologically. Most of that work converges on the conclusion that there are geographic differences in personality and values, but little attention has been paid to developing an integrative account of how those differences emerge, persist, and become expressed at the geographic level. Drawing from research in psychology and other social sciences, we present a theoretical account of the mechanisms through which geographic variation in psychological characteristics emerge and persist within regions, and we propose a model for conceptualizing the processes through which such characteristics become expressed in geographic social indicators. The proposed processes were examined in the context of theory and research on personality traits. Hypotheses derived from the model were tested using personality data from over half a million U.S. residents. Results provided preliminary support for the model, revealing clea...

Every adult possesses and uses to a various extent, a powerful tool, a theory of mind. The ability to recognize emotions, intentions, and thoughts of others is an important component of social competence. The use of personality questionnaires implies that people are aware of their personality traits, experienced emotions, values, and attitudes. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that a normal adult is aware of his or her mind-reading abilities and can estimate, in relation to the others, how good he or she is at judging other personÕs traits, states of mind, emotions, and intentions. In this study we have demonstrated that a personÕs beliefs about their own mind-reading ability forms a single and unitary dimension. If a person believes that he or she is competent in forming judgments about another personÕs personality traits then he or she has a relatively high opinion of their abilities to read another personÕs thoughts and emotions. However, the results of our research show that the self-reported mind-reading ability was not correlated with actual performance. Those who believe that they are good at reading othersÕ minds are generally neither (1) significantly better than the others in recognition of emotions expressed in face or speech, nor (2) superior in their estimation of the personality traits of a stranger. The self-reported mind-reading ability was correlated with personality traits but not with psychometrically measured intelligence. On the contrary, the actual mind-reading performance was correlated with IQ scores. It is discussed why individuals are relatively accurate in estimation of their own personality but lack metaknowledge about their mind-reading abilities.

This study investigated the association between Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI), measured by the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), and life satisfaction in Spanish undergraduate university students. Specially, the predictive and incremental validity of this self-report measure of emotional intelligence was examined. The authors investigated whether PEI would account for variance in satisfaction with life beyond the level attributable to mood states and personality traits. Correlation analysis showed significant associations between Clarity and Repair and higher life satisfaction. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis confirmed these findings and indicated that Clarity accounted further variance in life satisfaction not accounted for by mood states and personality traits. These findings extend previous studies and provide additional support for the incremental validity of the TMMS suggesting that Clarity contribute to life satisfaction independently from well-known mood states constructs and personality traits.

Supplemental material, LM_supplement_3.10.19 for Self-presentation and impressions of personality through text-based online dating profiles: A lens model analysis by Stephanie Tom Tong, Elena F Corriero, Kunto Adi Wibowo, Taj W Makki and Richard B Slatcher in New Media & Society

Falling is one of the greatest challenges of aging, devastating for older individuals and expensive to the health system. While much research to date has focused on physical risk factors for falls, little is known about behavioral risk factors and the role of personality in the prevention of falls. This article examines the potential role personality theory can play in expanding our understanding of not only the risk of falling in individuals of advanced age but also older individuals' response to this risk. This article raises issues for consideration and formulates some examples of questions for future research.

Using data from 598 studies representing over 200,000 individuals, we meta-analyzed the relationship between G. Hofstede's (1980a) original 4 cultural value dimensions and a variety of organizationally relevant outcomes. First, values predict outcomes with similar strength (with an overall absolute weighted effect size of ρ = 0.18) at the individual level of analysis. Second, the predictive power of the cultural values was significantly lower than that of personality traits and demographics for certain outcomes (e.g., job performance, absenteeism, turnover) but was significantly higher for others (e.g., organizational commitment, identification, citizenship behavior, team-related attitudes, feedback seeking). Third, cultural values were most strongly related to emotions, followed by attitudes, then behaviors, and finally job performance. Fourth, cultural values were more strongly related to outcomes for managers (rather than students) and for older, male, and more educated respondents. Fifth, findings were stronger for primary, rather than secondary, data. Finally, we provide support for M. Gelfand, L. H. Nishii, and J. L. Raver's ( ) conceptualization of societal tightness-looseness, finding significantly stronger effects in culturally tighter, rather than looser, countries.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the effect of impulsive and callous personality traits on delinquent behavior varied across neighborhood context in a populationbased, statewide sample of 85,000 Iowa schoolchildren ages 10-19. Two previous studies examining the association between impulsivity and delinquency across disadvantaged and affluent neighborhoods have yielded contrasting findings. Results of the present study suggested a robust moderating effect of neighborhood context on personality risk for delinquency. The relation between impulsivity and delinquency was greater in neighborhoods low in collective efficacy compared to neighborhoods high in collective efficacy. A similar interaction was found for callous personality traits, indicating the consistency of the moderating effect of neighborhood context on personality risk for delinquency. Gender differences were also examined, and results were replicated in a holdout sample. Much research has demonstrated that children and adolescents with impulsive personality traits are at increased risk of engaging in delinquent behavior , and more recent research indicates that callous/unemotional personality traits are also robust predictors of delinquent behavior . Research on psychopathy in adolescents suggests that callous/unemotional traits are at least as important as impulsive traits in differentiating a subgroup of adolescents with severe and chronic conduct problems . Thus, adolescents who, for

The Driving Observation Schedule (eDOS) was developed for use in the Candrive/Ozcandrive five-year prospective study of older drivers to observe their driving behaviour. The aim of this study was to describe whether participants’ looking behaviour when turning at intersections during the eDOS driving task was related to factors such as age, cognitive ability and complexity of the driving environment. One hundred and fifty-five Ozcandrive participants (Male: 71.4%; Age: M = 80.86 years, SD = 3.60 years) completed a cognitive and functional ability assessment from the Year 2 Candrive/Ozcandrive protocol, as well as the eDOS driving task that commenced from the participant’s home and was conducted in their own vehicle on roads familiar to and chosen by them. Observations of participants’ looking and driving behaviours during the eDOS driving task were captured from two cameras that were installed in participants’ vehicle, which provided images of the driver and the forward road scene. ...

proposed that personality traits developed in childhood mediate the association of birth order with scientific radicalism. Birth-order effects on traits within the five-factor model of personality were examined in three studies. Selfreports on brief measures of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness in a national sample (N ϭ 9664) were unrelated to birth order. Self-reports on the 30 facet scales of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) in an adult sample (N ϭ 612) showed only small effects for Altruism and Tender-Mindedness. Peer ratings (N ϭ 166) supported the hypotheses that laterborn children would be higher in facets of Openness and Agreeableness, but spouse ratings (N ϭ 88) did not replicate those findings. Birth order may have subtle effects on perceived personality, but it is unlikely that this effect mediates associations with scientific radicalism. Born to Rebel provides a fascinating synthesis of evolutionary theory, personality psychology, and the history of scientific revolutions. In brief, his argument is that, consistent with evolutionary trends in many species, children in human families compete for parental resources by creating distinctive niches. Firstborn children, whose position is already established, tend to be responsible, competitive, and conventional; laterborn children must distinguish themselves by being playful, cooperative, and especially rebellious. As adults, those laterborns who become scientists are We thank Frank Sulloway, Delroy Paulhus, Suzanne Phillips, and Judith Rich Harris for helpful comments.

proposed that personality traits developed in childhood mediate the association of birth order with scientific radicalism. Birth-order effects on traits within the five-factor model of personality were examined in three studies. Selfreports on brief measures of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness in a national sample (N ϭ 9664) were unrelated to birth order. Self-reports on the 30 facet scales of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) in an adult sample (N ϭ 612) showed only small effects for Altruism and Tender-Mindedness. Peer ratings (N ϭ 166) supported the hypotheses that laterborn children would be higher in facets of Openness and Agreeableness, but spouse ratings (N ϭ 88) did not replicate those findings. Birth order may have subtle effects on perceived personality, but it is unlikely that this effect mediates associations with scientific radicalism. Born to Rebel provides a fascinating synthesis of evolutionary theory, personality psychology, and the history of scientific revolutions. In brief, his argument is that, consistent with evolutionary trends in many species, children in human families compete for parental resources by creating distinctive niches. Firstborn children, whose position is already established, tend to be responsible, competitive, and conventional; laterborn children must distinguish themselves by being playful, cooperative, and especially rebellious. As adults, those laterborns who become scientists are We thank Frank Sulloway, Delroy Paulhus, Suzanne Phillips, and Judith Rich Harris for helpful comments.

Entrepreneurial growth is predicted to be related to micro variables or intrinsic determinants (motivations) and macro variables or extrinsic determinants (environmental infrastructure elements) but in a differential way. Infrastructure variables are tested as moderators in the motivation-growth relationship. Motivations are further categorized into intrinsic pull and extrinsic push factors. A rich sample of 395 recently-minted entrepreneurs and concerned institutions of Bangladesh were surveyed. Results essentially confirmed the predictions, with motivations playing a larger role than anticipated. Implications were discussed for policymakers charged with the responsibilities of economic development through entrepreneurship. 1 The ensuing discussion on the behavioral approach and indicative approach heavily draws upon earlier study by Besrat Tesfaye (1993), Determinants of Entrepreneurial Process, ISBN 91-7153-158-0 and Jahangir H. , determinants of Small Enterprise development of Bangladesh, ISBN 91-7265-904-1, School of Business report No. 2004:2.

Emotional exhaustion and organizational commitment are factors that have an impact on mission readiness. In a study of 8,906 uniformed Department of Defense (DOD) personnel, the authors proposed and tested a conditional process model that describes a psychological process in which (a) personality dissimilarity in terms of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability affects organizational commitment indirectly through emotional exhaustion, and (b) a favorable unit diversity climate-an aspect of the command climate-reduce s the negative impact of personality dissimilarity on mission readiness. Hence, it (a) describes how personality dissimilarity affects emotional exhaustion and organizational commitment, and (b) identifies a contextual factor affected by unit leadership that determines for whom this process is most important. These results point to the importance of creating and sustaining a strong and favorable diversity climate in the work unit and therefore suggest opportunities for the development of leaders in the DOD.

In this 2-year prospective study, we searched for predictive factors influencing the 2-year outcome of major depressive episodes. Demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, employment), illness-related variables (severity, age at onset, number and duration of previous episodes), personality characteristics (DSM-IV personality disorders, trait anxiety, coping style), life context factors (life events before and during the depressive episode, social support, social adjustment), and biological markers (dexamethasone suppression test, thyroid stimulating hormone levels) of 117 inpatients with major depressive episode were assessed. A structural equation model was used to test the proposed correlational structure of the relevant variables. The non-remission of the depressive symptoms by the end of a 6-week acute treatment phase was found to be the most relevant factor predicting sustained non-remission at the end of a 2-year follow-up period. At the end of the sixth week, the severity of depression depended on the level of social support and on the severity of depression at baseline. Among the baseline variables, anxious personality traits and a lower level of education predicted a high level of depressive symptoms at the end of the 2-year follow-up. Life events before and during the depressive episode, and the biological markers at baseline had no direct effect on the outcome. The rapid remission of the depressive symptoms is the most important predictor for the favorable long-term outcome of a depressive episode. Personality characteristics, social support and level of education, -interacting with each other-also play a significant role.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed students' lives, shifting education from face-to-face classes to e-learning, which relies on digital devices like laptops, phones, and tablets. This shift has integrated technology into students' daily lives for both personal and academic purposes. While e-learning is designed to make education more convenient, it often requires more time, experience, and skills, leading to psychological strain known as technostress. Defined by Brod (1984), technostress is the inability to adapt to technology healthily, resulting in stress, fear, depression, and decreased productivity.

The goal of this paper is to study factors influencing the rate of plagiarism among accounting postgraduate students. Data is collected from students of Sistan and Baluchestan university of Iran through 73 applicable questionnaires during 2013. The results indicate that plagiarism is quite prevalent among the accounting postgraduate students; however they are not completely familiar with different types of plagiarism. In addition, no significant relation is detected between prevalence of plagiarism and demographic variables such as age and gender, as well as individual variables such as their academic performance. However, the results of correlation test show that plagiarism committing rate of the students has (a) a positive significant relation with some parameters namely educational pressure, tendency of educational system and accounting students to low level approaches of accounting education, and students' access to information technology (e. g. Internet) ; and (b) a negative significant relation with some other factors such as moral competence, awareness of plagiarism, organizational support, as well as students' interest in accounting.