PT

A total of 10 noble metal (Rh, Pt, Pd, Ru and Ir) catalysts, either supported on CeO 2 or Ce 0.63 Zr 0.37 O 2 , were prepared. Catalysts were fully characterized using XRD, N 2 adsorption at −196 • C, TEM and H 2 chemisorption. Oxygen storage processes were carefully investigated. The influence of temperature was checked and a key role of oxygen diffusion was further demonstrated. A review of the reactions involved in the CO transient oxidation reaction is finally proposed. (C. Descorme).

A method of synthesis of single crystals of alfa-boron (a-B) is presented. a-Boron has been crystallized from a boron-platinum melt at high pressures (6-11 GPa) and high temperatures (1200-1600 1C). The method is based on the high-pressure large volume (multi-anvil) press technique. An average size of the as-grown isometric crystals is 60-80 mm in maximum dimension. A refinement of an accurate crystal structure of a-B against single crystal X-ray diffraction data demonstrates the excellent quality of the single crystals. The crystal structure is in good agreement with the literature.

This study was aimed at combining the highest degradation of gluten during wheat flour fermentation with good structural and sensory features of the related bread. As estimated by R5-ELISA, the degree of degradation of immune reactive gluten was ca. 28%. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and RP-FPLC analyses showed marked variations of the protein fractions compared to the untreated flour. The comparison was also extended to in vitro effect of the peptic/tryptic-digests towards K562 and T84 cells. The flour with the intermediate content of gluten (ICG) was used for bread making, and compared to whole gluten (WG) bread. The chemical, structural and sensory features of the ICG bread approached those of the bread made with WG flour. The protein digestibility of the ICG bread was higher than that from WG flour. Also the nutritional quality, as estimated by different indexes, was the highest for ICG bread.

The SysmexR CA-7000 is a fully automated multiparameter hemostasis analyzer equipped with a photo-optical clot detection unit and a cap-piercing system. It is designed to perform coagulation tests as well as chromogenic and immunologic assays. It was evaluated in a coagulation laboratory of a university hospital with respect to its technical characteristics in the determination of routine coagulation (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and single coagulation factors), chromogenic (antithrombin, and anti-FXa activity) and immunologic assays (von Willebrand factor). The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were below 5% for most parameters both in the normal and in the pathological range (exceptions: intra-assay CV = 5.2% for the fibrinogen and 5.1% for antithrombin in the low range of concentrations; and inter-assay CV = 5.7% and 7.2% for clotting factors V and VII levels in the normal ranges, and in the range from 6.1% to 7.8% for anti-FXa activity). No significant interference could be demonstrated with hemolytic and icteric samples as demonstrated by results similar to those obtained using a mechanical clot detection-based analyzer (STAR). No carryover was detected in alternating measurements of heparinized (1.0 IU/mL unfractionated heparin) and normal plasma samples. The results of the different coagulation, chromogenic and immunologic assays obtained with the CA-7000 analyzer were well correlated with those obtained on the STAR analyzer (r in the range from 0.885 to 0.990). Our results demonstrated that using the CA-7000 analyzer, routine coagulation testing can be performed with satisfactory precision and the same applied to more specialized and specific tests such as single factor activity or antigen concentration. D

Fisher BE, Wu AD, Salem GJ, Song J, Lin C-H, Yip J, Cen S, Gordon J, Jakowec M, Petzinger G. The effect of exercise training in improving motor performance and corticomotor excitability in people with early Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:1221-9.

Methods for chlorophenols (CPs) determination (with low limits of detection) that can be applied to real environmental samples (waters, sediments, soils, biological tissues) and food are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to sampling, storage conditions and the application of preconcentration techniques for the determination of CPs using chromatographic methods. Solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, liquid phase microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction and purge and trap methods are considered. Methods for microwave and ultrasonic extraction of CPs from solid matrices are also focused.

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be a promising technology for efficient power generation in the 21st century. Currently, high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) offer several advantages, such as high proton conductivity, low permeability to fuel, low electro-osmotic drag coefficient, good chemical/thermal stability, good mechanical properties and low cost. Owing to the aforementioned features, high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells have been utilized more widely compared to low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, which contain certain limitations, such as carbon monoxide poisoning, heat management, water leaching, etc. This review examines the inspiration for HT-PEMFC development, the technological constraints, and recent advances. Various classes of polymers, such as sulfonated hydrocarbon polymers, acid-base polymers and blend polymers, have been Abbreviations: AB-PBI, poly(2,5-polybenzimidazole); AIBN, azobisisobutyronitrile; AIPA, 5-aminoisophthalic acid; APP 414, APP 414 membrane (APTES/PDMS/POCl3 molar ratio: 4/1/4)analyzed to fulfill the key requirements of high temperature operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The effect of inorganic additives on the performance of HT-PEMFC has been scrutinized. A detailed discussion of the synthesis of polymer, membrane fabrication and physicochemical characterizations is provided. The proton conductivity and cell performance of the polymeric membranes can be improved by high temperature treatment. The mechanical and water retention properties have shown significant improvement., However, there is scope for further research from the perspective of achieving improvements in certain areas, such as optimizing the thermal and chemical stability of the polymer, acid management, and the integral interface between the electrode and membrane.

Numerous reviews have been found related to individual studies on coal gasification (CG) and biomass gasification (BG). However, this review deals mainly with the CO-gasification (COG) of numerous types of coal and biomass and then compares their results with those obtained using coal and biomass gasification in detail. There are several process parameters which have a direct effect on the gasification process and among them temperature is the most significant one. In this paper, the production of H 2 , CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , and other hydrocarbons in CG, BG and COG with the variation of temperature is reviewed in detail. As it mainly influences the gaseous products and their characteristic behaviour, this review takes into account the effect of temperature on various other parameters such as carbon conversion, gas yield, calorific value, cold gas efficiency as well as tar and char contents in various kinds of coals, biomasses and their mixtures under catalytic or non-catalytic conditions.

Introduction and hypothesis: Female chronic pelvic pain is prevalent and causes disability. Can women with self-reported chronic pelvic pain (CPP) be distinguished from pain-free women by demonstrating a greater number of abnormal musculoskeletal findings on examination? Methods: In this cross-sectional study, blinded examiners performed 9 physical exam maneuvers on 48 participants; 19 with CPP, and 29 pain-free. Frequency of positive findings between groups, total number of positive exam findings, cluster analysis, and sensitivity -specificity analyses were performed. Results: Women with CPP presented with significantly more abnormal findings than pain-free women. By using two examination maneuvers, examiners correctly classified women with self-reported CPP from pain-free women 85% of the time. Conclusions: Abnormal findings on musculoskeletal exam are more common in women with self-reported CPP. Women with CPP might benefit from a faster time to diagnosis and improved treatment outcomes if a musculoskeletal contribution to CPP was identified earlier. ª

Conductive hydrogel (CH) coatings for biomedical electrodes have shown considerable promise in improving electrode mechanical and charge transfer properties. While they have desirable properties as a bulk material, there is limited understanding of how these properties translate to a microelectrode array. This study evaluated the performance of CH coatings applied to Nucleus Contour Advance cochlear electrode arrays. Cyclic voltammetry and biphasic stimulation were carried out to determine electrical properties of the coated arrays. Electrical testing demonstrated that CH coatings supported up to 24 times increase in charge injection limit. Reduced impedance was also maintained for over 1 billion stimulations without evidence of delamination or degradation. Mechanical studies performed showed negligible effect of the coating on the pre-curl structure of the Contour Advance arrays. Testing the coating in a model human scala tympani confirmed that adequate contact was maintained across the lateral wall. CH coatings are a viable, stable coating for improving electrical properties of the platinum arrays while imparting a softer material interface to reduce mechanical mismatch. Ultimately, these coatings may act to minimize scar tissue formation and fluid accumulation around electrodes and thus improve the electrical performance of neural implants.

Improved load following capability is one of the main technical performances of advanced PWR (APWR). Controlling the nuclear reactor core during load following operation encounters some difficulties. These difficulties mainly arise from nuclear reactor core limitations in local power peaking, while the core is subject to large and sharp variation of local power density during transients. Axial offset (AO) is the parameter usually used to represent of core power peaking, in form of a practical parameter. This paper, proposes a new intelligent approach to AO control of PWR nuclear reactors core during load following operation. This method uses a neural network model of the core to predict the dynamic behavior of the core and a fuzzy critic based on the operator knowledge and experience for the purpose of decision-making during load following operations. Simulation results show that this method can use optimum control rod groups maneuver with variable overlapping and may improve the reactor load following capability.

The platinum (Pt) particle electrocatalysts supported on the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate were prepared by the pulsed electrodeposition for the methanol oxidation. The effect of the lower potential pulse duration (t l ) of the electrodeposition on the surface morphology and structure of the Pt particles was investigated by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The amount of the Pt loading was determined by an inductively coupled plasma method, and the electrocatalytic activity of the prepared Pt electrocatalysts on the ITO for the methanol oxidation was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the t l has a significant influence on the surface morphology of the Pt particles on the ITO substrate. As the t l decreases from 1 to 0.01 s, the deposited Pt particles on the ITO exhibit flower-, nanosheet-, prickly and smooth spherical-like morphology in turn. Furthermore, there is a remarkable effect of the surface morphology of the Pt particles on the electrocatalytic activity for the methanol oxidation. Among all these morphologies, the flower-and nanosheet-like Pt particles on the ITO have a much higher mass specific activity (MA) for the methanol oxidation, and the Pt particles with prickly surface followed while the smooth spherical Pt particles have the lowest MA. In particular, the dispersed Pt nanosheets prepared at t l of 0.5 s has the highest MA. The much improved MA of the dispersed Pt nanosheets is attributed not only to the large electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) achieved, but also to the high electrocatalytic activity per unit ECSA related to its special morphology.

Signal isolation is needed in power electronics systems that include separate primary and secondary 'grounds'. The feasibility of using a piezoelectric transformer (PT) as a galvanic barrier was investigated in this study theoretically and experimentally. The research included the issues of drive, demodulation, bandwidth, and common mode rejection. In particular, two types of excitation signals were compared: amplitude modulated and frequency modulated. The frequency response of the piezoelectric isolator was studied both by small signal envelope simulation using ORCAD/PSPICE and experimentally. It is concluded that the FM approach offers a larger BW but the AM scheme seems to be easier to implement.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Stem bark gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata is traditionally used in India for its hemostatic, antiinflammatory and cardiovascular health effects and it is named asŚallakī in Ayurvedic medicine. Aim of the study: This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and antithrombotic properties of stem bark gum resin extracts of Boswellia serrata (BS). Materials and methods: The inhibitory activity of the BSWE and BSAE on FeCl 3 induced lipid peroxidation (in vitro) in rat liver and heart homogenates was measured spectrophotometrically. Their effect on H 2 O 2 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human monocytic (THP-1) cells was investigated by tracking intensity of a cell permeable fluorescent dye, H 2 DCFDA and subjecting the cell samples to confocal microscopy. Further, the effect of BSAE and BSWE on ADP-induced platelet aggregation was assessed using a multimode detection plate reader, plasma coagulation times using an automated blood coagulation analyzer and on human blood clotting factors Xa and XIa using chromogenic substrate. Phytomarker analysis of the water (BSWE) and hydroalcoholic (BSAE) extracts of BS-gum resin was done through HPLC using a standard compound AK␤BA. Results: BSAE and BSWE inhibited, to varied extents, the lipid peroxidation in liver (80%) and heart (50%) tissue homogenates of male Wistar rats. Further, BSAE (30 g dwt/mL) and BSWE (300 g dwt/mL) attenuated ≥60% of H 2 O 2 mediated ROS generation in THP-1 cells. In case of standard compounds, ascorbate (20 g dwt/mL) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (10 g dwt/mL) completely scavenged ROS in the cells. BSAE and BSWE at 3 mg dwt/mL completely inhibited ADP induced platelet aggregation and activities were comparable to 20 g/mL of heparin. The extracts also showed very high activity in prolonging coagulation time periods. Both types of extracts extended prothrombin time (PT) from ∼13 to >60 s and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) from ∼32 s to >90 s. BSAE inhibited clotting factors Xa and XIa remarkably at 6 g of dwt where as BSWE did not show much effect on FXa and showed 30% inhibition on FXIa at 120 g. 10 g of heparin was required to inhibit about 30% activity of the above factors. HPLC analyses suggested that BSAE and BSWE had AK␤BA of 9% (w/w) and 7.8% (w/w) respectively. Conclusion: Present study demonstrated antioxidant and antithrombotic anticoagulant activities of water and hydroalcoholic extracts of Boswellia serrata's gum resin. We suggest that BS-gum resin as a good source for lead/therapeutic compounds possessing antioxidant, antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities.

No-tillage (NT) farming offers innumerable benefits to soil and water conservation, however, its potential to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) and related soil properties varies widely. Thus, the impact of longterm (>4 yr) NT-based cropping systems on SOC sequestration and selected soil physical and chemical parameters were assessed across soils within five Major land Resource Areas (MLRAs: 99 and 111 in Michigan; 124 and 139 in Ohio; and 127 in Pennsylvania) in eastern U.S.A. Soil samples were collected from paired fields of NT and plow tillage (PT) based cropping systems and an adjacent woodlot (WL). The SOC concentration, bulk density (r b), texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil N, coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) C and N, and nitrate N (NO 3-N) concentrations were determined. Conversion from NT to PT practice increased surface soil pH from 5.97, 6.56 and 6.02 to 6.62, 6.91 and 7.09 under MLRAs 127, 111 and 99, respectively. NT soils had higher SOC concentration soils by 30, 50 and 67% over PT soils at 0-5 cm depth under MLRAs 99, 111 and 127, respectively. Considering the whole soil profile SOC, WL had higher SOC pool than NT and PT practices under MLRAs 99, 111 and 124, however, there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) between NT and PT practices across five soils. Almost the same trend was observed in the case of depthwise soil N content. NT soil had higher N content than PT soils by 27, 44 and 54% under MLRAs 99, 127 and 111, respectively. However, whole soil profile N content of NT soil was significantly higher by 12% than PT soil under MLRA 99. Concentrations of CPOM associated C and N of NT soil was higher than PT soil under MLRAs 99, 111 and 127 at 0-5 soil depth. These results indicated that impact of tillage on soil C and associated soil quality parameters is confined within specific soil types.

Developmental stuttering is known to be associated with aberrant brain activity, but there is no evidence that this knowledge has benefited stuttering treatment. This study investigated whether brain activity could predict progress during stuttering treatment for 21 dextral adults who stutter (AWS). They received one of two treatment programs that included periodic H 2 15 O PET scanning (during oral reading, monologue, and eyes-closed rest conditions). All participants successfully completed an initial treatment phase and then entered a phase designed to transfer treatment gains; 9/21 failed to complete this latter phase. The 12 pass and 9 fail participants were similar on speech and neural system variables before treatment, and similar in speech performance after the initial phase of their treatment. At the end of the initial treatment phase, however, decreased activation within a single region, L. putamen, in all 3 scanning conditions was highly predictive of successful treatment progress.

Immersion stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse the volatile organic components of English vineyard grape juices. Four juices, Huxelrebe, Ortega, Schönburger and Siegerrebe, of the 2004 season, were from a commercial vineyard. The fifth, Madeleine Angevine 7672, of the 2000 vintage, was from a private vineyard. Madeleine Angevine juice exhibited the greatest number (113) of identified volatile components, followed by Siegerrebe, Huxelrebe, Schönburger and Ortega, with 78, 74, 70 and 69, respectively. Many compounds are common to all five varieties and very few of the more concentrated components are unique to a particular variety, except (E)-anethole, estragole and methyl salicylate, which were unique to Madeleine Angevine, for these particular vintages. Of the compounds that are common to more than two varieties, Madeleine Angevine had the highest levels of (E)-ethyl cinnamate, hexanol, (E)-2-hexenol, hotrienol, limonene and (E)-methyl cinnamate. Siegerrebe had the highest concentrations of β β β β β -citronellol, diendiol-I, geraniol, dihydromethyl jasmonate, linalool (32 000 ng/l), (Z)-and (E)-linalool oxide (both furanoid and pyranoid forms) and α α α α α-terpineol. This variety also had high levels of 1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenol. Huxelrebe had the highest concentrations of (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-theaspirane; Schönburger had the highest levels of (Z)-3-hexenol, nerol and nerol oxide; and Ortega had the highest concentrations of β β β β β -damascone and β β β β β -damascenone.

TL1A, a TNF-like ligand, mediates signaling via its cognate receptor DR3, a death receptor whose activation was known to induce both death and survival factors. TL1A, like TNF, is also presumed to circulate as a homotrimeric soluble form. To identify soluble TL1A in the immune system, we have developed a quantitative ELISA by pairing a monoclonal antibody (MAb) with a biotinylated anti-TL1A polyclonal antibody (PAb) as capture and detection antibodies, respectively. The assay had a detection limit of 32 pg/ml. Overnight culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressed up to 160 pg/ml of TL1A, and that proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1 and TNF, significantly increased TL1A mRNA and soluble protein up to several folds in contrast to IL-6 and IL-11, which induced neither protein nor mRNA in the cells. IL-1 appeared to be a better stimulator of TL1A than TNF-a, and the induction of soluble TL1A in HUVEC in response to IL-1 was dose and timedependent. We have also purified soluble TL1A from a large volume of IL-1 stimulated HUVEC conditioned medium using an anti-TL1A PAb-coupled affinity column. The protein eluted from the column was further reacted with anti-TL1A MAbs in Western blot: 30-kDa and 32-kDa under non-reducing and reducing conditions, respectively. Taken together, our results indicated that ELISA might be useful in studying soluble TL1A regulation in certain inflammatory conditions. D Signal transduction by DR3, a death domain-containing receptor related to TNFR-1 and CD95. Science 274, 990.

Tra le tematiche più diffuse che caratterizzano l'iconografia rupestre dell'età del Ferro camuna si collocano quelle raffigurazioni che, genericamente, vengono definite "capanne". Esse sono costituite da uno o più elementi rettangolari, posizionati orizzontalmente e/o verticalmente, spesso attraversati da una linea longitudinale e sormontati da un elemento "tettiforme" che nella maggior parte dei casi si presenta a sezione triangolare o pentagonale. La loro struttura rimanda istintivamente, nell'immaginario comune, a rappresentazioni di edifici ad uso domestico o cultuale. Il termine "capanne" è da intendersi come puramente convenzionale perché come meglio vedremo in seguito i confronti più appropriati e verosimili riguardano invece strutture quali granai, fienili o magazzini. Convenzionali sono anche altri termini adottati per descrivere elementi costituenti la figura e alcune macro-tipologie (cioè strutture che mostrano le medesime caratteristiche compositive) 34 .

Two methods for determining fuel contamination in groundwaters are compared. The first is based on headspace extraction, while the other utilizes purge and trap. Analyses, in both cases, are made by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection, with benzene, toluene, and xylene isomers as monitoring agents for fuel leaks. When compared, results show satisfactory agreement if we take into account the high

Background. The authors conducted a study to compare the effectiveness and working time of two rotary instrumentation file systems with two solvents for the removal of gutta-percha (GP) (ProTaper Universal, Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, Okla.) or resin-based composite (RBC) (RealSeal 1 Bonded Obturator, SybronEndo, Orange, Calif.) endodontic obturation materials. Methods. The authors instrumented 88 human extracted teeth and obturated the root canals of 80 of the teeth with either GP with AH Plus root canal sealer (Dentsply Maillefer, Tulsa, Okla.) or RBC with adhesive according to the manufacturers' instructions. They re-treated each tooth by using one of two rotary instrumentation file systems. They assessed each file system by using chloroform or orange solvent re-treatment agents. The authors measured the time needed to remove the obturation material from each tooth. They processed the teeth for scanning electron microscopy, and two blinded reviewers categorized the micrographs according to several criteria. Results. The authors observed more RBC remnants on the root canal surfaces compared with GP remnants after re-treatment. The re-treatment solvents and file systems were equally effective in removing the obturation materials. Conclusion. The study results show that the quickest root canal retreatment can be accomplished by using EndoSequence rotary files (Brasseler, Savannah, Ga.) and orange solvent to remove RBC obturation material. Clinical Implications. Re-treatment with EndoSequence rotary files was quicker than re-treatment with ProTaper Universal re-treatment files (Dentsply Tulsa Dental). However, in this study, the file systems were similarly effective in removing GP and RBC. Orange solvent was as effective as chloroform in removing obturation materials, but its use is less timeconsuming. Figure 5. Root canal surfaces with remnants of obturation material after use of removal agents. Bars indicate mean (standard deviation). RealSeal 1 Bonded Obturator and RealSeal SE self-etch sealant are manufactured by SybronEndo, Orange, Calif. AH Plus root canal sealer is manufactured by Dentsply Maillefer, Tulsa, Okla.

The potential for xenobiotic compounds to bioconcentrate is typically expressed through the bioconcentration factor (BCF), which has gained increased regulatory significance over the past decade. Due to the expense of in vivo bioconcentration studies and the growing regulatory need to assess bioconcentration potential, BCF is often calculated via single-compartment models, using K OW as the primary input. Recent efforts to refine BCF models have focused on physiological factors, including the ability of the organism to eliminate the compound through metabolic transformation. This study looks at the ability of in vitro biotransformation assays using S9 fractions to provide an indication of metabolic potential. Given the importance of the fish gill and liver in metabolic transformation, the metabolic loss of ibuprofen, norethindrone and propranolol was measured using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) gill and liver S9 fractions. Metabolic transformation rates (k M ) were calculated and integrated into a refined BCF model. A significant difference was noted between BCF solely based on K OW and BCF including k M . These studies indicate that the inclusion of k M in BCF models can bring predicted bioconcentration estimates closer to in vivo values.

This paper describes the anthelmintic activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (family Zingiberaceae) rhizome, commonly known as ginger, to justify its traditional use in veterinary medicine. Crude powder (CP) and crude aqueous extract (CAE) of dried ginger (1-3 g/kg) were administered to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. Both CP and CAE exhibited a dose-and a time-dependent anthelmintic effect with respective maximum reduction of 25.6% and 66.6% in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces on day 10 of post-treatment. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard anthelmintic agent, exhibited 99.2% reduction in EPG. This study shows that ginger possesses in vivo anthelmintic activity in sheep thus justifying the age-old traditional use of this plant in helminth infestation.

Time dependent characteristics of the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) having different counter electrodes were studied. For this study, three different types of counter electrodes CNT, sputtered platinum and electroplated platinum were used. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to study the aging effect of three counter electrode through measuring electrochemical properties of counter electrode/electrolyte interface as a function of time.

Immersion stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse the volatile organic components of English vineyard grape juices. Four juices, Huxelrebe, Ortega, Schönburger and Siegerrebe, of the 2004 season, were from a commercial vineyard. The fifth, Madeleine Angevine 7672, of the 2000 vintage, was from a private vineyard. Madeleine Angevine juice exhibited the greatest number (113) of identified volatile components, followed by Siegerrebe, Huxelrebe, Schönburger and Ortega, with 78, 74, 70 and 69, respectively. Many compounds are common to all five varieties and very few of the more concentrated components are unique to a particular variety, except (E)-anethole, estragole and methyl salicylate, which were unique to Madeleine Angevine, for these particular vintages. Of the compounds that are common to more than two varieties, Madeleine Angevine had the highest levels of (E)-ethyl cinnamate, hexanol, (E)-2-hexenol, hotrienol, limonene and (E)-methyl cinnamate. Siegerrebe had the highest concentrations of β β β β β -citronellol, diendiol-I, geraniol, dihydromethyl jasmonate, linalool (32 000 ng/l), (Z)-and (E)-linalool oxide (both furanoid and pyranoid forms) and α α α α α-terpineol. This variety also had high levels of 1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenol. Huxelrebe had the highest concentrations of (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-theaspirane; Schönburger had the highest levels of (Z)-3-hexenol, nerol and nerol oxide; and Ortega had the highest concentrations of β β β β β -damascone and β β β β β -damascenone.

The aim of this report is to scrutinize the thin-film rotating disc electrode (TF-RDE) method for investigating the electrocatalytic activity of high surface area catalysts. Special emphasis is given to the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on carbon-supported platinum catalysts. On the basis of measurements on four different Pt catalyst samples with various average particle sizes, it is demonstrated in detail how the intrinsic properties of the catalyst, i.e., the mass activity (A/g Pt ) and the specific activity (A/m 2 Pt ), are evaluated. The potential sources of error are critically discussed and guidelines for the measurements are given. Furthermore, the specific ORR activities determined for the different catalyst samples are analyzed and compared to polycrystalline Pt. The previously reported effect of the particle size on the specific activity for the ORR is interpreted on the basis of the shift in the potential of zero total charge and the concomitant alteration of the adsorption properties.

The catalytic performance of Pt/A-type zeolite has been investigated for the preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in H 2 -rich stream in the temperature range of 100-300 • C and = 2. The NaA zeolite was synthesized by sol-gel process and microwave heating technique and compared with the commercial one. The results indicated that both synthesized and commercial NaA zeolite-supported Pt catalysts gave similar CO conversion profiles. CO was completely removed at temperatures of ∼ 200.220 • C, whereas the maximum selectivity (∼ 80%) and CO conversion of ∼ 95% were obtained at a temperature of ∼ 160 • C. The effects of H 2 O and CO 2 , present in the simulated reformate stream, on the catalytic performance were also studied. It was found that CO 2 had no significant effect on the conversion, while H 2 O depressed the selectivity and conversion of both Pt/A-type zeolite catalysts. ᭧

Platinum-Palladium supported on ceria catalysts has been studied for preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of hydrogen. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation method using different supports. The catalytic activity tests were performed using a fixed bed reactor in the temperature range of 50.190 • C atmospheric pressure. Effects of support, ratio of Pt-Pd, O 2 concentration water vapor concentration, CO 2 concentration, and the combination of H 2 O and CO 2 in the feed stream on the catalytic performance of Pt-Pd/CeO 2 catalysts were also investigated. The experimental results showed that 1% (1:7) Pt-Pd/CeO 2 (sol-gel) exhibited higher activity than other catalysts examined. Water vapor in the feed substantially increased the activity of the catalysts, whereas CO 2 in the feed stream drastically decreased the activity of the catalysts. When both H 2 O and CO 2 were added in the feed stream, the positive effect of H 2 O is more pronounced than the negative effect of CO 2 .

The inner mitochondrial membrane is famously impermeable to solutes not provided with a specific carrier. When this impermeability is lost, either in a developmental context or under stress, the consequences for the cell can be far-reaching. Permeabilization of isolated mitochondria, studied since the early days of the field, is often discussed as if it were a biochemically well-defined phenomenon, occurring by a unique mechanism. On the contrary, evidence has been accumulating that it may be the common outcome of several distinct processes, involving different proteins or protein complexes, depending on circumstances. A clear definition of this putative variety is a prerequisite for an understanding of mitochondrial permeabilization within cells, of its roles in the life of organisms, and of the possibilities for pharmacological intervention. D

The photosystem II core complex is the water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase of oxygenic photosynthesis situated in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria, algae and plants. It catalyzes the light-induced transfer of electrons from water to plastoquinone accompanied by the net transport of protons from the cytoplasm (stroma) to the lumen, the production of molecular oxygen and the release of plastoquinol into the membrane phase. In this review, we outline our present knowledge about the "acceptor side" of the photosystem II core complex covering the reaction center with focus on the primary (Q A ) and secondary (Q B ) quinones situated around the non-heme iron with bound (bi)carbonate and a comparison with the reaction center of purple bacteria. Related topics addressed are quinone diffusion channels for plastoquinone/plastoquinol exchange, the newly discovered third quinone Q C , the relevance of lipids, the interactions of quinones with the still enigmatic cytochrome b559 and the role of Q A in photoinhibition and photoprotection mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.

Clinical trials have shown that AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 and A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccines are highly immunogenic, although with an increased reactogenicity profile relative to non-adjuvanted vaccines in terms of the incidence of common injection site and systemic adverse events (AEs). We evaluated pooled safety data from 22,521 adults who had received an AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 or A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza or control vaccine with the purpose to identify medically-attended AEs (MAEs), including subsets of serious AEs (SAEs), potentially immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs), and AEs of special interest (AESI), and to explore a potential association of these AEs with the administration of an AS03-adjuvanted influenza vaccine. For participants who had received an AS03-adjuvanted vaccine, the relative risks (RRs) for experiencing a MAE or a SAE compared to control group (participants who had received a non-adjuvanted vaccine or saline placebo) were 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9; 1.1) and 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9; 1.4), respectively. The overall RRs for experiencing an AESI or a pIMD (AS03-adjuvanted vaccine/control) were 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9; 1.6) and 1.7 (95% CI: 0.8; 3.8), respectively. Thirty-8 participants in the AS03-adjuvanted vaccine group had a pIMD reported after vaccine administration, yielding an incidence rate (IR) of 351.9 (95% CI: 249.1; 483.1) per 100,000 person-years. The estimated IRs in the AS03-adjuvanted vaccine group were greater than the literature reported rates for: facial paresis/ VIIth nerve paralysis, celiac disease, thrombocytopenia and ulcerative colitis. These results do not support an association between AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 and A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccines and the AEs collected in the trials included in the analysis.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur dan menganalisis tingkat kesehatan bank pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Tbk yang terdaftar di BEI.Objek penelitian adalah menganalisis Laporan Keuangan Neraca dan Laba Rugi pada BRI tahun 2009-2013.Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis CAMEL yang digunakan untuk menilai tingkat kesehatan bank berdasarkan faktor permodalan, kualitas aktiva, rentabilitas dan likuidatas. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan metode CAMEL diperoleh nilai dari faktor modal, kualitas aktiva, rentabilitas dan likuiditas dari tahun 2008 sampai dengan tahun 2012 mendapatkan predikat SEHAT. Dalam kondis iseperti ini Bank Rakyat Indonesia harus senantiasa mempertahankan atau ditingkatkan agar mencapai hasil yang lebih baik lagi di tahun-tahun mendatang.

Effects of loading method and amount of platinum on the hydroisomerization of n-dodecane were investigated. Platinum was supported on SAPO-11 by incipient wetness, ion exchange, or atomic layer deposition. Characterization of catalysts was carried out using N 2 adsorption, XRD, NH-TPD, TPR, and pyridine-IR. The dispersion of the Pt (IE 0.2)/SAPO-11 and the Pt (ALD 0.6)/SAPO-11 are 0.65 and 0.59, respectively, which are much higher than those of the catalysts prepared by incipient wetness method. The Pt(IW)/SAPO-11 catalyst exhibited the best isomerization activity in the hydroisomerization of ndodecane, which is attributed to the highest reducibility.

Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/lL) is a common complication in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) that has been observed in up to 76% of patients. Moderate thrombocytopenia (platelet count, 50,000/lL-75,000/lL) occurs in approximately 13% of patients with cirrhosis. Multiple factors can contribute to the development of thrombocytopenia, including splenic platelet sequestration, bone marrow suppression by chronic hepatitis C infection, and antiviral treatment with interferon-based therapy. Reductions in the level or activity of the hematopoietic growth factor thrombopoietin (TPO) may also play a role. Thrombocytopenia can impact routine care of patients with CLD, potentially postponing or interfering with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including liver biopsy, antiviral therapy, and medically indicated or elective surgery. Therapeutic options to safely and effectively raise platelet levels could have a significant effect on care of these patients. Several promising novel agents that stimulate TPO and increase platelet levels, such as the oral platelet growth factor eltrombopag, are currently in development for the prevention and/or treatment of thrombocytopenia. The ability to increase platelet levels could significantly reduce the need for platelet transfusions and facilitate the use of interferon-based antiviral therapy and other medically indicated treatments in patients with liver disease. Ó