Openness

Based on a brief overview of the history of ontology and on some philosophical problems of virtual reality, a new approach to virtuality is proposed. To characterize the representational (information, cognitive, cultural, communication) technologies in the Internet age, I suggest that Aristotle’s dualistic ontological system (which distinguishes between actual and potential being) be complemented with a third form of being: virtuality. In the virtual form of being actuality and potentiality are inseparably intertwined. Virtuality is potentiality considered together with its actualization. In this view, virtuality is reality with a measure, a reality which has no absolute character, but which has a relative nature. This situation can remind us the emergence of probability in the 17th century: then the concept of certainty, now the concept of reality is reconsidered and relativized. Currently, in the descriptions of the world created by representational technologies, there are two coh...

Tradicionalmente, las instituciones que ofrecen educación a través de la Red han tendido al uso de plataformas educativas (learning management systems, o LMS) que ofrecen al alumno una gama de servicios tales como repositorios de documentación, foros, correo, etc. en un entorno cerrado, accesible mediante nombre de usuario y contraseña, y con un funcionamiento uniforme. Aunque los diferentes estudios muestran un mercado claramente inclinado al uso de este tipo de plataformas, con un líder claro centrado en una estrategia de crecimiento por adquisiciones y un competidor basado en un desarrollo de código abierto, cabría esperar que el escenario del futuro tendiese a una situación de isomorfismo con el entorno normativo, en el que predominan cada vez más herramientas de tipo abierto caracterizadas por una total independencia de funciones e integradas de manera laxa. El presente artículo especula sobre esa posible evolución y avanza algunas de las posibles consecuencias para alumnos, profesores e instituciones.

Entrepreneurial curiosity is an entrepreneurial-psychology related construct that measures a level of entrepreneurial curiosity among entrepreneurs. Key research objectives of the study were to empirically test how two independent constructs as openness and company`s growth are connected to entrepreneurial curiosity and to develop and empirically test a structural model linking these three constructs. A multi-country survey was made on a sample of entrepreneurs from Slovenia, USA and Serbia. Findings showed that openness is positively related to entrepreneurial curiosity and that entrepreneurial curiosity is positively related to company`s growth. Results of this study can be used both for further research and in practice.

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This contribution tests for causality between financial deepening, trade openness and economic development for 16 Sub-Saharan African countries. An advanced econometric methodology is used to add to existing empirical evidence. Only limited support is found for finance promoting regional development. In particular, support for the popular hypothesis of finance-led growth is not substantial. In general, it is found that financial deepening and trade openness have swayed regional development only marginally. Thus, development strategies prioritizing financial sector or trade liberalization cannot be supported. Instead, a holistic policy approach taking into account other fundamental development factors is advocated.

A partire dagli anni Novanta del secolo scorso, la proliferazione di episodi artistici intesi come citazioni di esperienze estetiche pregresse, ha aiutato a introdurre il concetto di re-enactment negli studi performativi e contemporaneamente a riflettere sulla definizione di una strategia culturale estendibile a tutte le arti visive.
Tra gli altri, gli studi sull’apertura dell’opera d’arte rappresentano un possibile punto di vista sull’argomento interrogando l’autenticità dell’oggetto artistico a partire dalle sue condizioni strutturali e conseguenti prospettive concettuali.
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Since the beginning of the Nineties an increasing number of artistic episodes, intended as citations of previous aesthetic experiences, helped to introduce the concept of re-enactment in performance studies and, simultaneously, invited to reflect upon the definition of a new cultural model for all the realm of visual arts. Among others, the studies about the open work represent today one of the possible points of view over the topic questioning the authenticity of the artistic object, starting from its structural condition and, consequently, its conceptual perspectives.

Traditional resource-based theories explain competitive advantages and resulting rents of firm through their ability to protect valuable resources. We discuss deficiencies of these theories with regard to accounting for firm’s success through opening valuable resources to the public or getting involved in value creation processes using open resources. We develop a matrix framework as a first step to an open resource-based approach. On basis of this framework we show how IBM and Facebook successfully increase their overall value creation potential by the means of open resources.

Analizy otwartych dzieł sztuki zmierzały do wykrywania technik generujących wielość znaczeń. Otwartość w takim rozumieniu to przede wszystkim polisemiczność. Siłą rzeczy, w badaniach nad tak rozumianą otwartością centralnym zagadnieniem stawała się relacja między dziełem sztuk a odbiorcą, rugując postać twórcy na marginesy sytuacji estetycznej. Mimo że sztuka w procesie plasuje się w przestrzeni zarezerwowanej dla dzieł otwartych, to nie stanowi działania, którego podstawowym celem jest podatność na wielorakie interpretacje. W sztuce w procesie podstawową kwestią staje się stosunek twórcy do jego dzieła. Jej otwartość, w przeciwieństwie do tradycyjnie rozumianej otwartości, zasadza się na nieustannym, dynamicznym procesie wytwarzania. Stąd wydaje się bezcelowe analizować sztukę w procesie w perspektywie tradycyjnych kategorii, wypracowanych przez teoretyków otwartości. W poniższej wypowiedzi próbuję przekształcić pojęcie 'dzieło otwarte' w ten sposób, aby mogło stanowić narzędzie twórczej analizy dzieł, których otwartość nie opiera się na polisemicznym potencjale.

This study assesses the perceived level of Open Access (OA) awareness, challenges, and opportunities in context of university libraries of Pakistan. The differences between public and private sector university libraries in terms of their awareness, challenges and opportunities were also analyzed in this study. Survey research design, based on a structured questionnaire, was employed to meet the objectives of the study. The population of the study was libraries of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) recognized universities located in Punjab and Islamabad (Pakistan). The findings revealed that majority of university libraries were fully aware of HEC-National Digital Library (NDL) OA resources, OA journals, and Pakistan Research Repository, whereas, somewhat aware of Budapest OA Initiative, and Diamond OA Model. Lack of additional resources (staff, time, efforts), unreliability of OA information resources, and inadequate tools and infrastructure were identified as top challenges. However, free access, increase in library value, and fulfilling users need with shrinking budget were top three identified opportunities. The study did not find any significant statistically difference between public and private university libraries in terms of their level of awareness, perceived challenges and opportunities. This study is administered in institutional context and fills the literature gap.

More and more governments are considering Open Educational Resources as a public good that requires being legislated and considered when funding education. Moreover, higher education institutions and bodies are also reviewing their existing educational policies to integrate OER in them, by changing the types of licensing, participating or creating OER repositories.

The CKLN and the Caribbean NRENs were supported through the ACP Connect Project, from April to October 2013, with the aim to successfully launch them, linking through C@ribNET, to each other and to the international research and education networks. To fully achieve this, it is fundamental to have dedicated high capacity broadband networks in place, at national and Caribbean level, supported among others by ICT, ODL and OER Policies.
The Caribbean suffers from a double ultra-peripheral situation, islands away from mainland and separated from each other, posing enormous challenges to their economic and human development.
In the Caribbean region, the use/development of Open Educational Resources is still in a very embryonic stage.

L’opera affronta, con l’apporto pratico-operativo dei numerosi contributi che la compongono, il tema del diritto di internet muovendo dai principi costituzionali della materia fino a quelli di matrice finanziaria e tributaria. Il tutto senza omettere di trattare i profili di proprietà intellettuale, privacy e web reputation, la contrattualistica, gli aspetti di diritto penale e quelli di diritto amministrativo. Si tratta quindi di un testo del quale l’operatore del diritto – indipendentemente dalla sua branca di specializzazione – non può fare a meno offrendo soluzioni ai temi giuridici che si pongono in diretta conseguenza del nascere e dello svilupparsi delle nuove tecnologie legate al mondo di internet. Filo conduttore del lavoro di studio e ricerca di ogni singolo contributo autorale è l’analisi delle questioni maggiormente dibattute alla luce dei risultati cui è pervenuta la più recente giurisprudenza senza dimenticare l’apporto, insostituibile, della dottrina. Il volume è aggiornato alle misure adottate per contrastare l’emergenza sanitaria legata al COVID-19 avuto particolare riguardo a quelle disposizioni del d.l. 8 aprile 2020, n. 23 (cd. Decreto Liquidità) che modificano il dettato di alcuni articoli del Perimetro di Sicurezza Nazionale Cibernetica; affronta specificamente il tema delle fake-news sul web e quello dei canali social quali strumenti privilegiati su cui veicolare aggiornamenti in tempo reale da parte delle istituzioni declinandoli, entrambi, alla luce dell’eccezionalità del contesto della pandemia.

Using textual analysis methodology with Hofstede's cultural dimensions as basis for cross-national comparison, the manuscript explores the influence of cultural values of trust, transparency, and openness in Nordic national artificial intelligence (AI) policy documents. Where many AI processes are technologies hidden from view of the citizen, how can public institutions support and ensure these high levels of trust, transparency, and openness in Nordic culture and extend these concepts of "digital trust" to AI? One solution is by authoring national policy that upholds cultural values and personal rights, ultimately reinforcing these values in their societies. The paper highlights differences in how Nordic nations position themselves using cultural values as organizing principles, with the author showing these values (i.e., trust through clear information and information security, transparency through AI literacy education and clear algorithmic decision making, and openness by creating data lakes and data trusts) support the development of AI technology in society. The analysis shows that three cultural values are upheld and influence Nordic national AI strategies, while themes of privacy, ethics, and autonomy are present, and democracy, a societal building block in the Nordics, is especially prominent in the policies. For policy development, policy leaders must understand that without citizen involvement in AI implementation or lacking citizen AI education, we risk alienating those for who these services are meant to utilize and improve access for.

A central part of the innovation process concerns the way firms go about organizing search for new ideas that have commercial potential. New models of innovation have suggested that many innovative firms have changed the way they search for new ideas, adopting open search strategies that involve the use of a wide range of external actors and sources to help them achieve and sustain innovation. Using a large-scale sample of industrial firms, this paper links search strategy to innovative performance, finding that searching widely and deeply is curvilinearly (taking an inverted U-shape) related to performance.

Este estudio se llevó a cabo para determinar si la personalidad narcisista y la apertura mental son un motivo por el cual las personas inician su participación en la cultura geek. Se reclutó una muestra de alumnos de cómic (n = 23) que fue comparada con un grupo control (n = 26). La comparación de ambos grupos describe un perfil de personalidad caracterizado por elevadas puntuaciones de apertura mental y bajas en narcisismo por parte de los estudiantes de cómic. Las correlaciones, al igual que un análisis multivariante, muestran que puntuaciones elevadas en apertura mental y bajas en narcisismo predicen una alta probabilidad para desarrollar intereses y realizar conductas geeks; pero no construir una identidad friki. Se concluye que la apertura resulta una variable reduccionista para explicar dicho fenómeno social, pues facilita el acercamiento a actividades/intereses inusuales, pero no pronostica que una persona se describa como parte del colectivo geek.

Palabras clave: Friki, Geek, Personalidad, Narcisimo, Apertura Mental, Tendencias, Identidad

This study try to determine whether narcissistic personality and mental openness are the reason why people engage in geek culture. A sample of comic book students (n = 23) was recruited and compared to a control group (n = 26). The t Student comparison describes a personality profile characterized by high mental openness and low narcissism in the comic book students. Correlations, like logistic regression analysis, show that high score in mental openness and low in narcissism where the most powerful predictors to develop geek interests and behaviours; but not build a geek identity. It is concluded that personality is a reductionist cause to explain this social phenomenon, it facilitates the approach to unusual activities / interests, but does not predict that a person will describe himself as a geek.

Keywords: Geek, Personality, Narcisism, Openness, Trends, Identity

The present research investigates the cognitive and conative profile underlying scientific creativity in psychology. An innovative creativity test including both divergent and convergent thinking was used. Intelligence and personality were also measured. The sample consisted of 121 social science students. Intelligence played a major role for scientific creativity in psychology. With regard to personality, openness and negative agreeableness favored additionally scientific creativity in psychology. In future research, the profile of scientific creativity could be compared with profiles of artistic creativity and everyday creativity.

Was macht gute Führung aus? Wer eignet sich als Führungskraft und warum? Und welche Motive stehen dahinter? All dies könnten Fragen sein, mit denen Personalreferenten und Diagnostiker regelmäßig konfrontiert werden. Obwohl der Großteil der kleinen Unternehmen immer noch auf „die Bauchentscheidung“ bei der Personalauswahl setzt, ist bei einigen Großkonzernen die Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes valider Testverfahren mit einiger Verzögerung angekommen. Die nachfolgende Studie untersucht mögliche Einflussfaktoren der Persönlichkeit und deren Wirkung auf verschiedene Motivstrukturen und welche Auswirkung diese auf berufliches Verhalten haben können. Die daraus abgeleiteten Ergebnisse werden mit bestehenden theoretischen Betrachtungen in Verbindung gebracht und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Leistungsdiagnostik gegeben. Die Resultate zeigen insbesondere Zusammenhänge zwischen Offenheit und Gewissenhaftigkeit auf die intrinsische Motivation. Zudem werden Verbindungen zwischen Extraversion, Gewissenhaftigkeit und deren Einfluss auf das Machtmotiv festgestellt, welches gleichsam eine mögliche Vorhersage für den Willen darstellt, berufliche und akademische Herausforderungen anzunehmen.

Considering new media technologies as starting point for disruptions in current models of higher education, this thesis analyzes innovative pedagogies and learning strategies in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Mainly created by prestigious Universities in United States and Europe, and provided by start-ups such as Udacity and Coursera, MOOCs are free and available for anyone interested in learning. Aiming to foster digital learning and facilitate access to open academic knowledge, initiatives are attracting thousands of students worldwide, which represent a new and diverse audience for institutions. Regarding this phenomenon, this thesis intends to answer the following research question: to what extent are new media technologies creating innovative pedagogies and learning practices online, and impacting higher education? To answer this question, this work will mainly consider applications of the theory of connectivism in MOOCs, which was explored by the first open online course in 2008. Therefore, an exploratory and empirical study of MOOCs will be presented, where their tools, interface and strategies for applying new media will be analyzed in order to verify the effects on higher education and on regular classes. Four case studies of MOOCs offered in different platforms were selected for this sample 1 -Coursera's 'E-learning

Personality and learning styles are both likely to play significant roles in influencing academic achievement. College students (308 undergraduates) completed the Five Factor Inventory and the Inventory of Learning Processes and reported their grade point average. Two of the Big Five traits, conscientiousness and agreeableness, were positively related with all four learning styles (synthesis analysis, methodical study, fact retention, and elaborative processing), whereas neuroticism was negatively related with all four learning styles. In addition, extraversion and openness were positively related with elaborative processing. The Big Five together explained 14% of the variance in grade point average (GPA), and learning styles explained an additional 3%, suggesting that both personality traits and learning styles contribute to academic performance. Further, the relationship between openness and GPA was mediated by reflective learning styles (synthesis-analysis and elaborative processing). These latter results suggest that being intellectually curious fully enhances academic performance when students combine this scholarly interest with thoughtful information processing. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of teaching techniques and curriculum design.

We tested whether there exist differences in the personality traits of anime fans who cosplay as compared to non-cosplaying anime fans. With regard to the Big Five personality traits, cosplayers scored higher than non-cosplayers on extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness. In contrast, non-cosplayers scored higher on emotional stability. The results are discussed with regard to existing research on the personality traits of actors, creativity, and parasocial relationships.

We characterize Openness/Intellect as motivated cognitive flexibility, or cognitive exploration, and develop a neuropsychological model relating it to dopaminergic function and to the functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Evidence is reviewed for sources of Openness/ Intellect shared with Extraversion and sources unique to Openness/Intel-lect. The hypothesis that the cognitive functions of the dorsolateral PFC are among the latter was tested using standard measures of cognitive ability and a battery of tasks associated with dorsolateral PFC function

[EDIT: Update October 28th 11:47 UTC: Yesterdays 5-10% drop in numbers has been fixed for me, within 24 hours! Kudos to Academia.edu Support, and good luck to everyone else]

A summary of events that have unfolded in between March 11th and 24th 2021. Until today, May 27th, problems continue to be worked on

Updated June 6th

À partir du milieu des années 1930, Heidegger définit l’orientation de sa pensée, de manière de plus en plus affirmée, en prenant pour point de repère la parole poétique. S’il est vrai que l’expérience poétique ouvre un horizon de sens autrement inaccessible, celui-ci ne saurait être avalisé tel quel, accepté sans réserve : la pensée ne peut pas être réduite à une simple glose ou prolongement du poème, à un discours de second ordre. Autrement dit, l’attention que la pensée porte à l’expérience poétique n’équivaut pas à l’abandon de sa fonction critique ou de son autonomie, ce qui implique que le « dialogue pensant » peut prendre l’allure d’une confrontation. Dans ce qui suit, je tenterai de restituer l’articulation complexe de cette double exigence – s’avancer dans l’horizon ouvert par la parole poétique tout en le parcourant d’un regard critique – telle qu’elle apparaît dans l’interprétation que Heidegger a donnée de Rilke.

Uncertainty is a pervasive feature of our times. In this paper I argue that an age of uncertainty is not a reason for despair, but rather an opportunity to develop and mobilize our capacities for creativity, complexity, and collaboration. Creativity because the future is not determined and has to be created. Complex thought because in an uncertain, networked world our thinking cannot be reductive and disjunctive, but must be able to address interconnectedness and uncertainty. Collaboration, because the crises facing humanity today require an awareness of our shared destiny and in a pluralistic society we need the ability to navigate creativity and complexity together.

In today’s world, open science and open government matter. When combined, many agree, they strengthen science and democracy. Yet opening up – whether in the name of open science, open data, open source or open government – is rarely straightforward. This essay explores the curious alliances, novel tensions and surprising paradoxes that contemporary practices of openness entail. It dwells on two controversies in particular: Climategate and The Honest and Open New EPA Science Treatment Act of 2017. These examples show that the grounds on which expertise and science for government work are shifting; and how difficult it can be to defend established scientific practices, which are increasingly cast as secretive, suspect and morally untenable. While pundits routinely take both examples as evidence of a populist, right-wing assault on science, the essay suggests that the recent push for openness and transparency itself contributes substantially to the challenges science for government faces. Familiar stories about a post-truth, anti-science Right that operates in the shadows, and a truthful, pro-science Left that does not, have limited explanatory value. Ultimately the essay aims to expand our thinking on the knotty entanglements of science and liberal democratic governance in the twenty-first century.

El progreso tecnológico y el desarrollo de sistemas informáticos de las últimas décadas, unido a su impacto en nuestra vida cotidiana, ha favorecido el surgimiento de distintas formas de enseñanza y aprendizaje, como es el caso de los MOOC/COMA.
Siendo así, se hace necesario revisar si los principios establecidos en el Informe Delors de 1996, que estableció las bases de la Educación a lo largo de toda la vida, a partir de la determinación de los Cuatro Pilares de la Educación, se garantizan en esta nueva metodología de aprendizaje on-line, masivo y abierto.

Attachment theory has been extremely successful at stimulating research on the formation and quality of emotional bonds and the complex interplay between individual-level and relationship-level processes in all phases of the lifespan . In this chapter, we review and assess some of the empirical findings and propose integrative ideas concerning both normative and individual-difference aspects of personal relationships in adulthood. First, we present a theoretical model of the activation and psychodynamics of the attachment behavioral system in adulthood and describe the intrapsychic and interpersonal manifestations of the sense of attachment security and the regulatory strategies of hyperactivation and deactivation. Next, we focus on romantic relationships, the site of some of the most important emotional bonds in adulthood, and explore implications of variations in attachment-system functioning for the formation and maintenance of these relationships. Specifically, we discuss (a) the contribution of these variations to relationship quality in different stages of a romantic relationship (initiation, consolidation, and maintenance) and (b) the interpersonal processes that explain this contribution. Finally, we extend our theoretical analysis to other kinds of relationships, such as relationships within family systems, friendships, therapeutic relationships, and both intra-and intergroup relations.

يسعي البحث الراهن إلي طرح النقاش حول مفهوم العلم المفتوح، وأدوار المؤسسات الجامعية والبحثية تجاهه، والمؤشرات المرتبطة به أمثال الوصول المفتوح، المصدر المفتوح، علم المواطن، الشفافية، العلم المغلق، البيانات المفتوحة، والثقة في العلم، والثقة في التكنولوجيا، والتعاون، والمشاركة، والاتصال والتواصل، والمصادر الخارجية في جمع البيانات، وإعادة إجراء وتنفيذ البحوث، والأكاديمية المفتوحة، ثم عرض المدراس الفكرية والنظرية للعلم المفتوح وهي المدرسة العامة، مدرسة القياس، المدرسة البرجامتية، المدرسة الديموقراطية، وبعض الرؤي النظرية السوسيولوجية لماكس فيبر، وروبرت ميرتون، ويورجين هابرماس، ثم رصد المشكلات والعقبات المجتمعية والابيستومولوجية التي قد يُسببها المفهوم في إطار نقدي، والتحديات التي قد تواجهه، ومن أبرز مخرجات البحث تناول العلم المفتوح بإعتباره نظام إجتماعي قائم علي التشابك العلائقي بين العلماء بعضهم البعض، والعلماء مع أفراد المجتمع، في سياق يسوده التعاون والمشاركة، ليتحول المجتمع إلي مجتمع المعرفة، حيث يساهم أفراد المجتمع في إنتاج العلم، كما يستفيدون منه بسهولة الوصول إليه والقدرة علي إدراكه وتفسيره، والاشارة لمتطلبات تحقيق العلم المفتوح في المجتمع يجب زيادة الوعي بالعلم والتكنولوجيا والابتكار، ودورهم في تطوير الأنشطة الإنمائية من جهة، وأنها وسيلة لتطوير ممارسات التنمية من جهة أخري، من المبادي الأساسية للتنمية وحقوق الإنسان؛ الحق في العلم والثقافة، وكلاهما يتطلب تغييرا في الرؤية نحو قضايا الابتكار ونشر المعرفة، بدلا من النمط الحالي المقيد لحماية الملكية الفكرية.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of fluid intelligence (gf) with trait Openness and Conscientiousness. A total of 2658 participants completed the NEO PI-R [Costa Jr, P. T. & MCrae, R. (1985). Revised NEO Personality Inventory and Five-Factor Inventory Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources] and the GMA: Abstract test of cognitive ability . Graduate and Managerial Assessment Manual and User Guide. Dorchester: Dorset Press]. Correlational analysis showed that only the Ideas and Actions sub-facets of Openness were positively correlated with gf. Order, Self-Discipline and Deliberation sub-facets of Conscientiousness were negatively correlated with gf. Regressions showed that the subfactors of each of the traits accounted for 5% of the total variance in gf. These findings are discussed in an attempt to explain how the relationship between Openness, Conscientiousness and gf may have developed. D

Introduction to Hermeneutics ‒ Monographic reference volume, which can also be used as a university textbook; an outline and exposition of the antecedents, formation process, and content of philosophical hermeneutics, based on the interpretive hermeneutic procedure.
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Egyetemi tankönyvként is használható, monografikus igénnyel megírt szakkönyv; a filozófiai hermeneutika előzményeinek, kialakulási folyamatának és tartalmának az értelmező hermeneutikai eljárás alkalmazásával történő felvázolása és kifejtése.

The present work is a design look back about contemporary times and some changes caused by technologies and the new forms of collective actions in support of ideas that permit to access, distribution of good, products and services for collectivity. The main aim of this research is explore and describe the contemporary context, especially in the Brazilian context.  It was made an inquiry about Openness concept in different knowledge fields, aiming at a better and greater understanding of Openness. This work is dividing into three parts. The first part is the construction of Openness concept from different knowledge fields. The second part is a look about contemporary time, about new technologies and design. The third part is an analysis of Open Design and its practice in the Brazilian context. This research aims to contribute to a better and more compressive understanding of contemporary design through one of its aspects: the Open Design. Also intends to contribute to dissemination and understanding of development products, systems and services generated by the free and commons-based-peer-production

Since Ghana discovered oil in large commercial quantities in 2007, many have questioned whether the country can avoid the resource curse. Defined as the inability of resource rich developing nations to benefit from such resource compared to non-resource rich nations, this thesis has proven mostly true in many developing nations. In this paper, I examine the importance of institutional quality in relation to avoiding the resource curse. I do this by methodically analyzing in historical context various indicators (Rule of Law, Effective Governance and Openness and Accountability), and argue that, resources (in this case, oil) are not in themselves a curse, rather the nature of institutions, whether curse resistant or curse receptive determines such outcome. Through a comparative case study of Nigeria (1960-2000) and Ghana (1972-2012), I demonstrate how weaknesses in the former’s institutional environment (very weak rule of law, ineffective governance and the lack of openness and accountability), contributed to the country’s demise as a resource cursed nation. I also examine Ghana in the same way, demonstrating that the country’s institutions are relatively susceptible to the resource curse due to the mediocre state of its institutional environment and fairly weak rule of law.

A recent survey of professional communication practitioners (Blythe, Lauer, & Curran, 2014) shows the broad range of technologies they use to collaborate across an equally broad range of topics and communication purposes. Responses to the survey also demonstrate that effective collaboration requires more than versatility in the use of technology. Collaboration requires communication openness and conversational interactivity among work team members. Geographically-distributed virtual teams often find this openness and interactivity difficult to achieve (Jarvenpas, Shaw, & Staples, 2004). Several computer-mediated communication theories suggest the influences of social presence and online identity on team openness and interactivity. The study reported here draws on the insights of these theories to analyze the focus group responses of 200 participants who completed a virtual-team training program. The analysis shows a complex relationship of presence and identity to communication openness and conversational interactivity. A discussion of responses adds to an understanding of the types of training methods that best prepare participants to communicate in geographically-dispersed professional communication teams.

В издании представлено Священное писание открытой религии и другая Богослужебная литература религиозной веры в наивысшую ценность человека – религии открытой души и вечного духовного движения творения Бога как человеческого идеала, продолжения человека до бесконечности через веру в себя, верность себе, владение собой. Эта книга поможет единолично и сообща с другими исповедовать открытую религию публичным или частным порядком в учении, Богослужении и выполнении ритуалов священного обряда, самостоятельно практиковать и развивать вероучение, этику и организацию открытой религии, открыто выражать свои религиозные убеждения, свободно распространять открытую религию.

Открытая религия: священное писание, душевная традиция, моральный закон и богословская наука религиозной веры в наивысшую ценность человека / Составил Хранитель веры Душевного Общества Вселенной Юрий Шеляженко. – Киев, 2016. – 220 с. – ISBN 978-617-7088-14-0.