Neuroscience and brain research

In 1955 creates Herbert Phillipson Object Relations Test (ORT).His immediate predecessor is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), Henry Murray released in 1942 and is based on the Theory of Necessity - emotional strain.While both tests are of visual stimulation and verbal response, the stimulus material is different because the TAT used in most of the plates a stimulus more structured corresponding to given topic, while the ORT scenes represent situations of different object relations in a context of low structure, with different nuances depending on the series, in what makes human content, and the content of the objects in the environment and includes, like the Rorschach, chiaroscuro and color (series C ).The ORT is based on the Object Relations Theory of Melanie Klein and Fairbairn. It consists of thirteen plates, twelve of which represent different situations of object relations and a plate blank, which is presented at the end of the test administration.



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BACKGROUND:
In spite of its indusrial usefulness and varied daily uses, lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread ecological problem that faces the humans in the 21th century. Pb was found to produces a wide range of toxic effects including neurotoxicity especially to the developing and young offspring. Recently, the utilization of herbal plants has received a significant attention where there has been rising awareness in their therapeutic use; among these is the garlic.
AIM OF THE WORK:
In light of the above, the current study is designed experimentally in female pregnant rats in order to investigate the beneficial role of garlic extract in the protection from the maternal and fetal cerebellar damage that produced by administration of different doses of Pb during pregnancy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Positively pregnant female rats were divided into five groups; one control group, two Pb-treated groups (exposed to 160 and 320 mg/kg b.wt. of Pb, respectively) and two groups treated with both Pb and garlic (exposed to Pb as previous groups together with 250 mg/ kg b.wt. /day of garlic extract). Treatments started from day 1 till day 20 of pregnancy, where the mother rats of different experimental groups were sacrified to obtain the fetuses. Pb level in the maternal nd fetal blood and cerebellum was estimated by spectrophotometry. Specimens of the cerebellum of different mother and fetal groups were processed to histological and immunohistochemical staining for microscopic examination.
RESULTS:
The results showed that administration of Pb to pregnant rats resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses in the form of decrease of maternal weight gain, placental and fetal weights, brain weight and diminished fetal growth parameters, which were prominent in rat's group treated with larger dose of Pb. In Pb-treated rats, Pb level in blood and cerebellum was high when compared to the control. The histopathological examination of the cerebellum of treated dams and fetuses showed marked alterations mainly in the form of Purkinje cell degeneration and lack of deveopmet of fetal cerebellum. Co-treatment of garlic extract along with Pb resulted in a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone with improvement of the histopathological changes.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study was useful in evaluating the hazardous effects of uncontrolled use of Pb in general and in assessing the developmental and neurotoxicity of fetuses due to exposure during pregnancy in particular. Co-administration of garlic has beneficial effects in amelioration of Pb-induced neurotoxicity and reversing the histopathological changes of the cerebellum of mother rats and fetuses.
KEYWORDS:
garlic; glial fibrillary acidic protein; lead; purkinje cells

Special issue of "Culture Unbound". Through an introduction and six original articles, the issue investigates a variety of cultural and scientific discourses and practices that in different ways are related to neuroscience and the brain.

The special issue was edited by guest editors Peter Bengtsen and Kristofer Hansson.

Agnosia Definition: Fundamentally defined as a disorder of recognition and the inability to recognize the meaning of information received via the sensory system, from the external environment to the brain. The inability to recognize sensory stimuli. Agnosia presents as a deficit of one particular sensory channel, such as visual, auditory, or tactile. A neurological disorder, Agnosia is the not having the ability to recognize common objects like an orange or a key, people, aromas, or sound though other senses function normally to visual or auditory stimuli. Agnosia is not an amnesia or memory loss, deficit.

Through her versatile use of video technology, Nina Sobell explores nonverbal means of communication that interfere with normative modes of behavior and closely regulated interpersonal relationships. Deeply informed by the pursuit of intimate connections, her practice fosters reflection on how we modulate our sense of selfhood through interactions with others. This article examines Sobell’s video performances with chicken carcasses, instantiating the ambiguities of mother- infant relationships, in connection with her Brainwave Drawings, a series of installations based on biofeedback that unveils reciprocal influences between art participants’ psychic states. Even though these sets of works were developed during the same time frame (1974–82) and are equally concerned with bodily communication, they are almost never interpreted as conceptually related. Underscoring their mutual affiliation with a feminist agenda, this article argues that these works are deeply intertwined at the level of their interrogation of socially sanctioned forms of interaction. Embracing the dynamics of open systems, Sobell cultivates fluid forms of communication and exposes the invisible threads that connect us to others. She relies on technological mediation in order to advance a more complex understanding of the biological and social underpinnings of selfhood. Sobell’s works invite viewers to consider interpersonal exchanges that surpass linguistic forms of communication and reveal the porous thresholds between body and mind, self and other, nature and culture.

Cet article explore l'ensemble des caractéristiques, des fonctions et de la perception des graphismes, sous les angles de la physiologie, de la sémiologie visuelle (science des signes) et des neurosciences. Au titre des fonctions, ce document en détaille tous les effets possibles en terme d'interprétation visuelle. Au titre des perceptions, il discute des effets de la perception nonconsciente du signe graphique, à l'origine d'une interprétation qui peut devenir connotative.

In spite of an increasing popularity of English, frequently named as a contemporary form of lingua franca, bilingualism is still one of the most desirable and valuable personal qualities on the job market, as well as a highly-respected complex of skills. Over the decades, the views on a bilingual education have undergone a fundamental change, as the newest research has dispelled the previous preconceptions and proved beyond doubt that children raised in a bilingual environment do have
a massive advantage over their monolingual counterparts. Their well-developed skills have a direct impact on their future performance as adults. Nevertheless, it does not change the fact that acquiring foreign languages at any age has a positive effect on a human brain, which can be supported by the frequently-acknowledged hypothesis, proclaiming positive effects of bilingualism on delaying the onset of the Alzheimer's disease. This paper aims at providing with a better understanding of this complex issue by illustrating, to what extent bilingualism contributes to the modulation of the brain structure, as well as quality of our life, including the role of the bilingual education and intellectual activity of adults and elderly people.

Description

(The PDF file is updated and expanded content). Atlas of Electroencephalography, ( E.C.G. - emotions cognitions, graphics) , it contains for the first time a study of the interactions of emotion and cognition in a population of children and adolescents with learning handicaps. Summary maps E.E.G. research on the interaction of emotions with cognitions.EEG showed a collection obtained in our research department, is only a sample, we consider the possibility of editing in the future a complete atlas with all EEG and detailed explanations of each. It should be detailed, the maps produced from this small atlas, this corresponds to children and adolescents ages 10 years to 14 years. Children and adolescents with cognitive handicaps, still have not reached the proper maturity of his age.

The ultimate aim of this work is to discover what metaphorical entailments of women and womanhood are mapped onto wisdom as an abstract entity and then to discern how this personification is intended to inform wisdom. 
After a summary explanation of shortcomings in traditional definitions and models, stable definition and methodology are provided via recent developments in Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Conceptual Blending, and the Theological Aesthetics of Hans Urs von Balthasar.
After the methodological prolegomena, exegesis is divided into Balthasar’s two stages of aesthetic perception:  one which focus upon perception of the form of the MT and the other which intends to dwell upon the inward beauty, the lumen of that thing as it relates to the reality of beauty in the incarnation.  As such, Wisdom as Woman is understood as that desirable paradox beckoning to relational fidelity that reaches its ultimate fulfillment only in the death, resurrection and glorification of Christ.
The presentation for Lady Wisdom in Prov 1-4 aims at generating an understanding of and desire for parental and covenantal wisdom via paradox linking the vaunted depiction of divine and covenantal Lady Wisdom in the Prophets with the familiar, personal and protective characterizations of the young man’s faithful wife.  In Prov 5-6 the Strange Woman provides a foil for the ‘wife of your youth’ that illustrates the disparity of outcomes for the youth based upon a blend of metaphors for marital and covenant fidelity that resonate with the prophetic metaphor of MARRIAGE IS COVENANT / IDOLATRY IS ADULTERY.  In Prov 7-9 the characterization, invitation, and destination associated with Lady Wisdom and the Strange Woman echoes the foil in Prov 5-6 and demonstrates that fidelity to divine covenant and human relationship is the ultimate criterion for discerning wisdom.    Womanhood is used as a source/input category for Lady Wisdom to highlight the key domains of relational, marital and covenant fidelity, while allowing for the fusion of desire, obedience and blessing.    The life, death and resurrection of Jesus is the apex of divine revelation and the point to which all creation and history lean.

The EEG alpha rhythm in specific not pathological situations no sample no opening locking eyes, in this experimental sample specific factors that cause said reactive responses shown. This could show in specific situations, some attitudes of reactive responses that could be confused with attention disorders.

Recent debates about the conventional traditional threshold used in the fields of neuroscience and psychology, namely P < 0.05, have spurred researchers to consider alternative ways to analyze fMRI data. A group of methodologists and statisticians have considered Bayesian inference as a candidate methodology. However, few previous studies have attempted to provide end users of fMRI analysis tools, such as SPM 12, with practical guidelines about how to conduct Bayesian inference. In the present study, we aim to demonstrate how to utilize Bayesian inference, Bayesian second-level inference in particular, implemented in SPM 12 by analyzing fMRI data available to public via NeuroVault. In addition, to help end users understand how Bayesian inference actually works in SPM 12, we examine outcomes from Bayesian second-level inference implemented in SPM 12 by comparing them with those from classical second-level inference. Finally, we provide practical guidelines about how to set the parameters for Bayesian inference and how to interpret the results, such as Bayes factors, from the inference. We also discuss the practical and philosophical benefits of Bayesian inference and directions for future research.

The modern thesis regarding the "structural plastic" properties of the brain, as reactions to injuries, to tissue damage, and to degenerative cell apoptosis, can hardly be seen as expendable in clinical neurology and its allied disciplines (including internal medicine, psychiatry, neurosurgery, radiology, etc.). It extends for instance to wider research areas of clinical physiology and neuropsychology which almost one hundred years ago had been described as a critically important area for the brain sciences and psychology alike. Yet the mounting evidence concerning the range of structural neuroplastic phenomena beyond the significant early 3 years of childhood has shown that there is a progressive building up and refining of neural circuits in adaptation to the surrounding environment. This review essay explores the history behind multiple biological phenomena that were studied and became theoretically connected with the thesis of brain regeneration from Santiago Ramón y Cajal's pioneering work since the 1890s to the beginning of the American "Decade of the Brain" in the 1990s. It particularly analyzes the neuroanatomical perspectives on the adaptive capacities of the Central Nervous System (CNS) as well as model-like phenomena in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which were seen as displaying major central regenerative processes. Structural plastic phenomena have assumed large implications for the burgeoning field of regenerative or restorative medicine, while they also pose significant epistemological challenges for related experimental and theoretical research endeavors. Hereafter, early historical research precursors are examined, which investigated brain regeneration phenomena in non-vertebrates at the beginning of the 20th century, such as in light microscopic studies and later in electron microscopic findings that substantiated the presence of structural neuroplastic phenomena in higher cortical substrates. Furthermore, experimental physiological research in hippocampal in vivo models of regeneration further confirmed and corroborated clinical physiological views, according to which "structural plasticity" could be interpreted as a positive regenerative CNS response to brain damage and degeneration. Yet the underlying neuroanatomical mechanisms remained to be established and the respective pathway effects were only conveyed through the discovery of neural stem cells in in adult mammalian brains in the early 1990s. Experimental results have since emphasized the genuine existence of adult neurogenesis phenomena in the CNS. The focus in this essay will be laid here on questions of the structure and function of scientific concepts, the development of research schools among biomedical investigators, as well as the impact of new data and phenomena through innovative methodologies and laboratory instruments in the neuroscientific endeavors of the 20th century.

A salience-attention-activated view of consciousness succeeds where the best-known views fail.  Consciousness occurs when a sensory input, or other brain phenomenon, activates an attention network to the point that the network successfully inhibits other, potentially competing, attention networks.  For example, in the integration of bottom-up salience and top-down selection in the intraparietal sulcus. There is a diversity of attention networks, many unconnected to perception. Salience will depend on a context that may include not only goals but long-term episodic memories, intuitive cognition and many other brain functions and regions.  At the cellular level, neuromodulators may lead to significant changes in cognitive function, including the contents of consciousness, for they may affect firing rates of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, often reducing noise and improving information, leading to salience. Competition among neuronal populations often end in a “winner take all.”  Claims of consciousness without attention involve mistaken interpretations of experiments.

DOI·10.13140/RG.2.2.26861.90086
Graphics E.E.G, field study of aggressive emotions - emotions of frustration. We Mas & Manjon Foundation, we showed a very small section of the studies in our department neurocognitive research.We trust that this brief sample this is of some use to people interested in cognitive development.In this brief presentation of fieldwork, we describe a study of children with functional difficulties.We are conducting research in the department, an extensive work-related cognition and affective or emotional field.The research experience was conducted in a number of experiences with people aged from 9 years to 20 years. (190 persons studied people). Measuring the frustration of the average of the population studied. The experiences of frustration were made based on different situations, emotional, cognitive tasks, abstract tasks, performing manual tasks or psychomotor. The study we show, is an example, obviously is much more extensive study, we will try in a short future it edit the full study.



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In perceiving that the most urgent social problem confronting our global society is that of the rapidly aging global population and the increasingly high incidence of dementia and other aging-related cognitive disability, we propose a solution in the form of a concept of innovative community-based well-being centers for elders with dementia and other forms of aging-related cognitive decline and comorbid sequelae. In this proposal we lay out the specific need for such centers and the unique, powerful curriculum provided by such centers grounded in the highly vetted principle of the enriched environment.

The vast majority of studies on the rehabilitative efficacy of the enriched environment are in the area of cognitive and physical rehabilitation in traumatic brain injury (TBI), from which studies of the efficacy of the enriched environment for recovery in other neurophysiological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular accident (CVA, i.e., stroke), multiple sclerosis, depression, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia, and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other forms of dementia have emerged. In our proposal for community-based well-being centers, the vast majority of studies that we cite for the efficacy of the enriched environment are studies in TBI rehabilitation. Because of the great efficacy recorded in these studies, researchers have gone on to examine the efficacy of the enriched environment in recovery from a wide range of neurophysiological disorders as mentioned above. Since these studies show equal efficacy based on the same principles, they illustrate the critical point that neurological damage presenting as a cognitive disorder and/or physical impairment responds positively to the enriched environment regardless of etiology, as the neurophysiological processes involved in both debility and recovery therefrom are the same in every case as an inherent function of neuroplasticity, as explained in the proposal. 

The proposed centers, while focused on dementia and aging-related cognitive/physical decline in consideration of the urgency in maintaining a viable functioning society in the face of the sheer number represented by the rapidly aging global population, can nevertheless effectively intervene in all cases of cognitive disorder regardless of cause and are open to all residents of the community requiring cognitive intervention and physical rehabilitation.

This proposal is intended to demonstrate the critical need for community-based well-being centers for elders with dementia, other aging-related cognitive decline and other conditions of impairment that disproportionately affect elders, and to demonstrate the scientifically vetted means by which aging-related lost functionality can be restored. The curriculum of the proposed well-being centers is grounded in the principles of Cognitive Neuroeducation (CNE), a modality we developed that can reverse the effects of dementia and restore cognitive functioning in elders based on a unique application of the enriched environment as derived from a comprehensive, rigorous synthesis of a wide corpus of studies extending over more than 70 years of solid scientific research as referenced herein. Though this proposal is written for implementation in Japan, the basic precepts are equally applicable to other nations experiencing the same demographic trajectory as Japan, perhaps not so acutely at present as Japan, but certainly threatening as a future crisis.

Article de vulgarisation scientifique sur les techniques de microscopie de fluorescence utilisées lors de mon projet de recherche de  maîtrise en neurobiologie, dans le laboratoire du Dr Paul de Koninck au Centre de Recherche CERVO à Québec,  techniques qui permettent  en temps réel d'observer les interactions entre les molécules dans les neurones, et en particulier celles qui jouent un rôle dans la plasticité synaptique, un  processus biologique indispensable à comprendre afin de démystifier la mémoire,  tant dans une perspective normale que pathologique.

Lien à la fin de l'article des résultats de recherche publié dans PloS One.

INTRO: Vous êtes multi-milliardaire, le saviez-vous? Votre cerveau possède cent milliards de neurones, chacun pouvant entretenir une conversation avec des milliers de partenaires (en même temps ou en catimini). Imaginez! cela veut dire qu’il y a plus de babillages dans votre caboche que d’étoiles dans l’Univers! Ce n’est pas tout : ce véritable
réseau Facebook entretient et sculpte ses liens de façon méticuleuse : chaque information doit-être divulguée à la bonne oreille et au bon moment. On ne badine pas avec les rumeurs, ça pourrait être fatal!

Pour un neurone excitateur, la bouche est la terminaison ou bouton- axonal, et l’oreille de l’interlocuteur est une minuscule structure nommée « épine dendritique », située au début d’un autre neurone, dans la partie qui ressemble à un arbre avec ramifications (les dendrites). Le lien de bouche à oreille où deux neurones peuvent communiquer est la
synapse. Notre équipe cherche à élucider quelques mystères sur la façon dont les synapses sont sculptées. Car les changements synaptiques sont hautement significatifs; ils sont le
reflet de l’adaptation du cerveau à la Vie! Une synapse peut être renforcée ou amenée à disparaître, et l’activité électrique du cerveau en sera modifiée. Depuis que vous avez fini de lire ce paragraphe, la force entre certaines synapses a été renforcée, et peut-être que de
tous nouveaux liens ont été créés : c’est grâce à ce phénomène, qu’on appelle la plasticité synaptique, que vous avez compris et mémorisé ces informations

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. Dopamine precursor levodopa (L-dopa) is used as the first-line treatment for PD. Evidence suggests neuroprotective effects of estrogens in PD. Since both 17b-estradiol (E2) and L-dopa act as regulators of prolactin (PRL) secretion from the pituitary gland, we investigated their effect on the expression of PRL in prolactinomas that developed in ovariectomized hemiparkinsonian rats treated with E2. We also investigated the effect of E2 and L-dopa on the expression of synaptotagmin IV (Syt IV), an immediate early gene whose product is abundant in the pituitary gland and was found to be highly co-expressed with PRL in lactotrophs (>90%). The hemiparkinsonian rat model was obtained by unilateral lesioning of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. Rats received silastic tubing implants with E2 and were treated with L-dopa. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the serum concentrations of PRL and E2 and expression of PRL and Syt IV in the tissue of adenohypophysis, respectively. We found that high levels of serum E2 were associated with the upregulation of Syt IV and PRL in PRL-ir cells, while treatment with L-dopa decreased the size of prolactinomas and downregulated Syt IV but had no effect on PRL expression or serum concentrations.

Nous nous demandons jusqu’à quel point il est possible de comparer les étapes psychologiques et physiologiques telles qu’elles sont décrites dans la théorie cartésienne de l’admiration et dans la théorie de l’évaluation pré-émotionnelle de LeDoux. Le détail physiologique du cerveau cartésien est-il un obstacle épistémologique pour construire des homologies entre les deux types de théories ? Et si oui, comment et jusqu’à quel point peut-on surmonter un tel obstacle ? Trois enjeux principaux guident notre démarche comparatiste : 1) nous chercherons à distinguer et clarifier des notions très proches qui sont toutes impliquées dans le phénomène que nous décrivons : l’éveil, l’attention, l’évaluation et l’admiration. 2) Nous révélons les filiations et les ruptures qui existent entre ces deux théories de l’évaluation afin de voir ce que la théorie de LeDoux retient de l’admiration cartésienne. 3) Nous tenterons de reconstituer les principales étapes psychophysiologiques de l’admiration cartésienne en nous appuyant sur une théorie neuroscientifique de l’évaluation pour interpréter les manques conceptuels laissés par Descartes.

Toreduce in environmental load from pollution after primary using of various products (waste product), which is supporting to secondary utilization in preparation of thermal insulation materials using coal fly ash (40-60%), siliceous glass material(30-55%) ,some phytochemical medicinal additives and (2-8%) cellulose. We know that thermal energy is effective for nature. By the scientific ideas and methods 'energy' has been presenting a greatest continuous chainthat frequently more economical to transforms the various form of ceramic materials. The capability of ceramic material such as "tiles", cooking utensil, crucible etc chosen the better quality for treatment of heat insulation materials based on waste coal combustion of fly ash with waste glass and regular active form of adding medicinal organic adsorbates.In heretheorganic medicinal additives acts as reducing over materials from harmful diseases of microbial. It is favor for developing to high response to health care purposing. Over the materials, thermal activitydepends on some factors such as chemical composition of substances. From this typical point, the Fly Ash and Waste Glass reduce the flow of heat. To testing after preparation of materials as water absorption in boiling and cold water acts with (4-5) days .By the thermal treatment, the material individually acts as (700-1000)˚C. The mechanical durability with other physical and chemical properties for this material is supporting with environmental parameters.

In vivo imaging of cerebral vasculature and blood flow provides highly valuable information for clinicians as well as researchers. Nevertheless, currently available methods are complex, time-consuming and expensive. Here, we present a novel, minimally invasive method for vascular imaging through the sufficiently transparent intact skull of young mice. Our method combines laser speckle and fluorescent imaging with dynamic color mapping and image fusion. Quickly generated wide-field images present clear visual information on blood flow and perfusion in the cerebral cortex and meninges. The ability of the method to visualize hemodynamic changes is demonstrated by induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The compact and easily operated system comprises of several pieces of standard and affordable laboratory equipment. This simple, robust and inexpensive method may become an important tool for assessment of brain hemodynamics in preclinical studies.

Covid-19 changes the lives for all of us: Institutions and other places are closed; it is not possible to see friends and family personally and keeping distance is the topmost commandment. Therefore, most of us are working from home and digitalisation is on the way up in many aspects of life. The HBP has a long-lasting experience of interdisciplinary collaboration by virtually bridging distances because its involved partners are not only complex but also spatially remote. In these challenging times of the pandemic, the HBP&#39;s Equal Opportunities Committee together with the Ethics Rapporteur Programme has started &quot;I-include&quot;, an Initiative for Inclusive Digital Engagement to make sure that no one is left behind virtually and that diversity matters in digital collaborations. It offers recommendations based on practical experiences of HBP members. Considering this new framework during the current situation is a way to ensure that our digitally distributed work becomes a va...

Establishment of association between two variables in the forensic science is of paramount importance. The study was aimed to determine association of lip prints types and left thumb prints among Nigerians. A total of 820 subjects (414 male and 406 female) participated in the study. The lip prints were obtained on microscopic glass slide and developed using carbon black powder. For finger prints normal conventional method of using ink pad was employed. The data were analyzed using chi square test and P <0.05 was considered as level of significance. The result shows the percentage distribution of lip prints as Type V (31.39%) as the predominant and the least was Type I' (0.57%). For thumbprints in both sexes loop exhibit high percentages and arches the least. The association between lip prints and left thumb print shows statistically significant correlation in Lower Right Medial (LRM) (χ 2 = 7.95, P= 0.0002) and Lower Left Lateral (LLL) (χ 2 =5.42, P=0.02) compartments only. In conclusion, the lip print was found to be statistically associated with left thumb prints. Hence, relationship of finger prints and lip prints can hold potential promise as supplementary tool in personal authentication.

An exploratory workshop to REFLECT ON how schooling and literacy damages the natural cognitive system meant for learning the world Existential Knowledge Foundation is planning a 3-day workshop in Bangalore to understand deeply, what is meant by LEARNING, what is the existential purpose of learning and how children learn naturally.
WHY
By externalizing knowledge, mechanizing the learning process and institutionalizing the learning space modernity has created havoc to the consciousness of human being who in turn has created havoc on earth. The ontological reversal of knowledge preceding the knowing process has alienated man from the very process of life and misunderstood the purpose of living itself. All ills of modern man-psychological as well as physiological-can be traced to the loss of this core existential function of being human. Knowing is the process by the human beings roots oneself to their context and evolves and transforms oneself. Life gives the opportunity to man for his refinement of all qualities of what is the real potential of being human.

VENUE-Visthar, KRC Road, Kothanur, Bangalore
DATE 6th, 7th and 8th October

Dopaminergic functional recovery following controlled release of dopamine from biodegradable polymer matrices implanted in the lesioned striatum was investigated in a hemiparkinsonian animal model. Significant dopamine depletion in the striatum ipsilateral to the side of infusion was observed in animals unilaterally infused with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the substatia nigra. These animals displayed apomorphine-induced contralateral rotational behavior, when examined on the 16th day. Implantation of a controlled release delivery system (hydrogel obtained by mixing dextran dialdehyde cross-linked with gelatin) containing dopamine in the denervated striatum on the 1st day or the 18th day significantly abolished the apomorphine-induced contralateral rotational behavior in these animals. The recovery was visible for about 17 days, thereafter the behavioral bias reappeared. The present results indicate that dopamine released from the polymer matrices alleviates behavioral bias in experimental parkinsonism, implying use of such technologies as an alternative method for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. This approach is useful in reducing the oral dose of drugs that are with severe systemic effects, and that develop tolerance.

In this study we show that the conscious and unconscious, this is only one, transitioning the role of clarity. This shows us the way forward, to educate these rhythms in a scientific way (demonstrable in the laboratory) to apply the methodology multiple re-educator genesis of adverse mental processes. Annotation of relevance: In psychoanalytic theory, Dr. S. Freud showed a conscious and unconscious, as if it was two different elements. In this study we show that there is only a gradual aware that depending on the degree drift to less conscious. When it is less conscious, as shown in the study, there is a predominance of slow waves, however when there is a gradual increase of being conscious causes an increased beta and gamma brain rhythm. In short: There is only one conscious and this consciousness is gradual.



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For the first time show the Foundation Dr. J. Mas i Manjon a report on the project educated emotions, this project lasting more than thirty years, it has been studied and experienced the possibilities of a rigorous education in a scientific way (demonstrable in the laboratory) the different emotions.



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Research with electroencephalographic instrumental representation of virtual models on meditation and consequences in the ranges: physiological,psychological and behavioral.

There is a relationship of consciousness with high rank in the state of sleep-wake rhythm unpairing.In the dream state of consciousness slows, it slows down.Wakefulness increases the frequency of the track and out of sync.Shows how the pace slows bioelectrical plunging the individual to go into unconsciousness and wakefulness return to the front painful integration.Frontal release downloads are interlinked with feelings of anxiety, panic suddenly showing buds at the precise moment in these sensations localized to stop by the front integrated system.(The rise in functional range shown in some painful situations)



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DOI·10.13140/RG.2.2.33572.78722
theta rhythm, in a non-pathological and in normal adults, this rate has been linked to certain psychological activities, known as the rhythm of emotion.

The theta and beta rolandic, amending consciously, in training exercises of relaxation and excitement, relaxation is observed during the initial occipital rhythm of 8 c / s and beta Rolandic 18 c / sec during the progress of relaxation is an increase of the alpha rhythm at 9 c / sec and the rolandic rhythm about 25 c / sec.

The function of attention, in preparation for action (psychomotor) and the preparation of apprehension (thinking), this function of action or function to apprehend, the alpha rhythm is blocked. However, in terms of the attention, does not cause blocking, but the function of attention, synchronize and extend the alpha rhythm



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P300, especially P3b, the third positive wave of EEG signal with near 350ms associated with occipito-patieto-temporal region of the brain, is mainly responsible for categorization of different objects. So, this study investigates the nature of amplitude and reaction time difference in ‘food’ and ‘no-food’ objects categorization task. Object categorization processes were investigated by measuring event-related potentials while participants were categorizing different ‘food’ and ‘no-food’ items. The EEG study of this experiment found no P3b amplitude differences for ‘food’ and ‘no-food’ category in the ultra-rapid categorization task. On the other hand, from the behavioral study we observed no significant difference in both reaction time (RT) and error rate (ER) in the above task. The result of this study is consistent with some previous experiments. For example, regarding the reaction, the findings can be compared with VanRullen & Thrope (2001) who also found no significant longer reaction time for ‘means of transport’ item in comparison with ‘animal’. The result of this study can also be interpreted from the perspective of ‘coarse-to-fine account’ hypothesis (Prass et al. 2013) which indicated that to recognize objects belong to basic level category one needs detail information with sufficient time. Since this study includes ultra-rapid visualization task participants did not get enough time to process objects of two different categories. Hence both reaction time and error rate were not significant in this regard.