Museum Digital

In una società come quella odierna, altamente dinamica e imprevedibile, il museo non può sottrarsi a una riflessione attenta e consapevole sul suo ruolo, attuale e futuro. Sono infatti molteplici e variegate le questioni che si pongono all’attenzione della Direzione di un museo, che si trova oggi a dover governare un’organizzazione sempre più complessa.
Adottando una visione trasversale del settore museale, che attraversa gli ambiti del management, delle nuove tecnologie digitali e della sostenibilità, in questo volume Ludovico Solima approfondisce e mette in relazione tra loro 70 diversi argomenti: dall’accessibilità al videomapping, passando per il brand, il crowdfunding, l’intelligenza artificiale, la reputazione e il piano strategico.
I numerosi rimandi tra le voci presenti all’interno del testo, come in un caleidoscopico gioco di rifrazioni, conferiscono unità interpretativa a uno scenario altrimenti confuso e frammentato. E proprio sulla base di questo scenario diventa possibile, per il lettore, individuare alcune delle principali criticità con le quali il museo dovrà confrontarsi nel corso dei prossimi anni.

Hallel. Carmel. Bezalel

The Exhibitions:
Halel. Carmel Winery
'Judaica Now!':
Goblets and Kiddush Cups
of the Bezalel School

These two exhibitions: "Halel. Carmel Winery" and
"'Judaica Now!': Goblets and Kiddush Cups of the Bezalel
School" focus on two pioneering phenomenon. Both of them,
each one in its own specific field, established a material
and cultural infrastructure for the renewal of the Jewish
settlement in Eretz Israel. The two integrated exhibitions
presented here show the primary aspects where these two
enterprises overlap. The principal point here is the fact that
their produce, wine in Rishon Le‑Zion and art in Bezalel,
symbolized the regenerated Jewish settlement. Moreover,
most of their products were purchased by Jews in the
Diaspora as an emotional gesture of love for Eretz Israel
together with a contribution for the realization of the idea
for its settlement.
The "Halel. Carmel Winery" exhibition tells the story of
the winery from its historical perspective. The winery
symbolized the realization of the dream of settling
Eretz Israel. Thus, it became a source of pride and a center
of attraction for the leaders of the people and the world
who pinned their hopes on it and visited the winery. The
historical exhibition aims to show how innovative the
Rishon Le-Zion winery was during its early years as it was
recognized as the prominent modern agricultural-industrial
plant in the Middle Eastern region. The winery played a key
role in the economic life of Rishon Le-Zion and the Jewish
settlements in the surrounding area. The exhibition displays
its development, achievements, challenges, transitions,
connections with the Diaspora and how it influenced
Rishon Le-Zion and the Yishuv in Eretz Israel. The exhibition
focuses mainly on the first few decades of the winery's
existence which were also the most momentous years in
its history, during which a modern industrial model was
developed leading to a breakthrough in the country.
The Bezalel exhibition 'Judaica Now'!: Goblets and
Kiddush Cups of the Bezalel School"is displayed from the
contemporary artistic standpoint. In this exhibition also
some 48 exhibits of contemporary wine and Kiddush cups,
handmade by artists and designers belonging to the Bezalel
School, are displayed. The philosophy and artistic language
of the School's members, men and women, were apparent as
expressed in the holy vessels and articles. The participants in
this group show had all attended Bezalel either as students
or teachers, some served as department heads. A large
group among these artists later became the elite of leading
Judaica artists, whose creations now enrich the collections of
important museums in Israel and throughout the world.

Curators:
"Hallel. Carmel Winery": Yona Shapira
"'Judaica Now!': Wine goblets and Kiddush cups of the
Bezalel School": Dr. Shirat‑Miriam Shamir, Ido Noy


הלַלֵּ. כרמל. בצלאל
התערוכות:
הַללֵּ. יקב כרמל
'יודאיקה עכשיו!':
כוסות וגביעי יין לקידוש
של אסכולת בצלאל

שתי התערוכות עוסקות בשני מפעלים חלוציים: יקב ראשון־לציון
ובית הספר לאמנויות "בצלאל". שניהם, כל אחד בתחומו, הניחו
תשתית חומרית ותרבותית ליישוב היהודי המתחדש בארץ ישראל.
שתי התערוכות המוצגות במשולב, מציגות את נקודות ההשקה בין שני
המפעלים. העיקרית שבהן היא העובדה שתוצריהם, היין ואמנות בצלאל,
היוו סמל ליישוב היהודי המתחדש ונרכשו על ידי יהודי הגולה כמחווה
רגשית של אהבת ארץ ישראל וכתרומה למען הגשמת הרעיון של
יישובה. היקב מוצג מן הזווית ההיסטורית ואילו בצלאל מוצג מנקודת
מבט אמנותית עכשווית.
היקב היה סמל להגשמת חזון יישוב ארץ ישראל, מקור לגאווה ואבן
שואבת למנהיגי עם ועולם שנשאו עיניהם אליו וביקרו בו. התערוכה
"הלל. יקב כרמל" מבקשת להציג את החדשנות של יקב ראשון־לציון
בשנותיו הראשונות כמפעל תעשיה חקלאית מודרני הבולט במרחב
המזרח התיכון ועומד במרכז חיי הכלכלה של ראשון־לציון ומושבות
הסביבה. בתערוכה מוצגים התפתחותו, הישגיו, אתגריו, גלגוליו,
קשריו עם הגולה והשפעתו על ראשון־לציון ועל הישוב בארץ־ישראל.
עיקר התערוכה עוסק בעשורים הראשונים לקיום היקב שהיו השנים
המשמעותיות בתולדותיו שבמהלכן עוצב בו מודל תעשייתי חדשני
ופורץ דרך בארץ.
התערוכה, "׳יודאיקה עכשיו!׳: כוסות וגביעי יין לקידוש של אסכולת
בצלאל" מציגה 48 גביעי יין וקידוש עכשוויים מעשה ידיהם של אמנים
ומעצבים השייכים לאסכולת בצלאל. מהתערוכה ניבטת תפיסת העולם
ושפתם האמנותית של חברי וחברות האסכולה כפי שאלו מקבלות ביטוי
בתשמישי קדושה. משתתפי התערוכה הקבוצתית, עברו כולם בבצלאל:
בין שלמדו או שלימדו בו או בין שהובילו אותו כראשי המחלקות. חלק
נכבד מאמנים אלה נעשו לאמני היודאיקה המובילים, שיצירותיהם
מעטרות את אוספי המוזיאונים החשובים בישראל ובעולם.

אוצרים:
הלל, יקב כרמל: יונה שפירא
'יודאיקה עכשיו!': כוסות וגביעי יין לקידוש
של אסכולת בצלאל: ד"ר שירת־מרים שמיר ועידו נוי

Бойко-Гагарін А.С. Застосування соціальних мереж у музейному маркетингу / А.С. Бойко-Гагарін // Матеріали міжнародної науково-практичної конференції, присвяченої 75-річчю Ізмаїльського державного гуманітарного університету ["Дунайські наукові читання: європейський вимір і регіональний контекст"] (м. Ізмаїл, 15-17 жовтня 2015 р.). – Том. ІІ "Філологія. Мистецтвознавство". – Ізмаїл, 2015. – С. 183-185.

Zusammenfassung: Die Entwicklungen von Subsistenz und Siedlungsverhalten sind charakteristische Parameter zur Definition des Mesolithikums. Der frühholozäne Landschaftswandel bedingte Innovationen in der Landschaftsnutzung, die auf die intensivierte Ausbeute saisonal verfügbarer Ressourcen in begrenzten Territorien fokussierte. Hierbei spielte die Bevorratung mit energiereichen Haselnüssen eine ökonomisch tragende Rolle. Das Beispiel der gut erhaltenen und hochauflösend dokumentierten Wohnplätze von Duvensee (Schleswig-Holstein) zeigt die damit verbundenen Nutzungsstrategien und den Umfang der Haselnussnutzung durch die Kombination GIS-gestützter räumlicher Analysen, technologischer Artefaktuntersuchungen und quantitativer Modellierungen auf. Die Strukturen der Wohnplätze, ihre Ausstattung, Saison und Datierung sowie die gefundenen Nussschalen weisen sie als Werkplätze zur Bevorratung mit Haselnüssen aus, was eine hohe logistische Kapazität, vorausschauendes Planen und eine lange, besitzrechtartige Nutzungstradition dieses Territoriums impliziert. Die Untersuchungen am Duvensee sind Gegenstand meiner Dissertation (Holst 2007), deren die Subsistenz betreffenden Aspekte im Folgenden zusammengefasst werden. Schlagwörter: Norddeutschland, Mesolithikum, Subsistenz, Landschaftsnutzung, Haselnüsse

Art provenance databases: Are they fulfilling their promise? Comparative evaluation of ten major museum databases in the USA and the UK

Nearly twenty years ago, Museums committed to making Nazi-era provenance information more transparent and accessible. This paper applies the method of IT user tests to assess progress in collections databases. Findings include compliance statistics, best and worst practices observed, and recommendations. Testing focused on museums with the most NEPIP-listed items (Annex 1); museums mentioned in WJRO’s June 25, 2015 report (Annex 2); and two major UK museums as well as the UK Collections Trust (Annex 3). Provenance information was tested for: access, search, display, download, traceability and integration. (Quality as in accuracy of the provenance information content was not assessed.) Key findings: Of the 30 museums accounting for 75% of items on the AAM NEPIP list, more than half offered no provenance information search functionality for internet users. Various obstacles to search and display were observed, with Best Practices and Worst Practices showing a wide gap, despite similar technical platforms. Download functions and audit trail were not available for internet users. Little integration was observed, either between the NEPIP and member databases; or between collections databases and looted art data bases, such as stolen items, lists of victims, lists of red-flagged dealers, or dealer records; or between collections records and original source documents. Centralized progress reporting appeared to be publicly accessible in the UK but not in the US. Recommendations include implementing Best Practices across all collections, reevaluating integration goals to better target Nazi-era provenance needs, and systematizing regular evaluations and progress reporting.

Laurel Zuckerman  is an author based in Bry sur Marne, France. Zuckerman was introduced to provenance research techniques and museum practices when she began making inquiries about the ownership history of a painting that later became the subject of a Nazi-era restitution claim. A graduate of France’s HEC business school with more than a decade of professional experience in large scale information systems projects, she is exploring the potential benefits of applying techniques from domains outside art history to the challenges of Nazi-era provenance research

РЕЦЕНЗІЯ на методичну розробку «Методичні рекомендації щодо експозиційно-виставкового висвітлення політичних репресій та радянського тоталітаризму у Західному регіоні України (на прикладі музейних установ Львівської області)» Представлена до рецензування методична розробка на тему «Методичні рекомендації щодо експозиційно-виставкового висвітлення політичних репресій та радянського тоталітаризму у Західному регіоні України (на прикладі музейних установ Львівської області)» виконана завідувачем сектору методології музейної роботи Ведибідою Богданом Олександровичем. Робота обсягом 6 друкованих аркушів, складається з вступу, чотирьох розділів та висновків, списку використаної літератури. Представлена робота є високо актуальною, важливою, складною та якісно виконаною. Методичні рекомендації оформлені у науковому стилі та структурою, що може також її охарактеризувати ширше – як методичний посібник. Структура роботи є логічною, зміст охоплює низку важливих проблем музейної роботи. Праця виконана в оптимальному обсязі, ґрунтована на вагомому та вражаючому списку використаної літератури (160 одиниць) як вітчизняних, так і закордонних дослідників, в тому числі офіційних сторінок музеїв. Робота Ведибіди Б.О. логічно продовжує попередні праці автора, присвячені проблемам декомунізації в Україні, які є вагомим внеском у творення історії сьогодення та соціальної трансформації в Україні. В зазначених рекомендаціях вдало виділені методологія та характерні особливості висвітлення та комплексної оцінки, аналізу питань висвітлення в музейних експозиціях теми політичних репресій та тоталітаризму. Корисною є представлена в роботі повна законодавча база, подана із аналізом. Особливо корисними є дієві практичні поради з побудови експозиції на зазначену тематику в музеях України, підбору експонатів та забезпечення їх збереженості під час експонування. Приємно, що представлені в роботі висновки також якісно підкріплені прикладами із виставкової діяльності Національного музею історії України, зокрема затвердженої Концепції реекспозиції ІІІ поверху музею. Значною в роботі є подана історична довідка. Наглядним і показовим є ілюстративний матеріал. Цілком вдало автором наведені в роботі огляди та аналіз діяльності музеїв Львівщини, що демонструє вже існуючий практичний досвід висвітлення теми в музейній експозиції, що стало важливою та невід'ємною частиною роботи.

Architectures and funerary practices from the second half of the forth and the beginning of the third millennium B.C. are quite different from those in use during the previous middle Neolithic period, in many places in occidental Europe. In Western France this general trend will be expressed in very diff erent ways, if we observe regions situated north or south of the Loire River. New megalithic architectures were built on top of the soil in Brittany, or buried in the Paris Basin. No such thing in more southern regions, were the individual “burials” could even have been one of the more common practice, for a time at least. Comparisons between domestic and funerary architectures, at north, or between individual and collective burials, at south, will highlight new perspectives in the status, the composition or the disposition of funerary goods.

Dieser Beitrag stellt die im Rahmen der Sonderausstellung „Schahname –
Heroische Zeiten. 1000 Jahre persisches Buch der Könige“ im Museum
für Islamische Kunst entworfenen digitalen Geschichtenerzähler vor. Er
konzentriert sich vor allem auf die technische Umsetzung mit Hilfe der
RFID-Technologie, die Darstellung der multimodalen Verwendungsweise
sowie die Integration von technischen Installationen ins museale
Umfeld. Hierbei wird sowohl auf die passive als auch die aktive RFIDTechnologie
zurückgegriffen, um unterschiedliche Anwendungsfälle
abzudecken und diese zudem statistisch aus- und bewerten zu können.

In 2013 we launched our first mobile web tour of Tate’s collection displays with the reopening of Tate Britain. In this blog post, we will evaluate the use of the mobile web tours to date and, from our findings, outline our next steps to develop the tool in the future

Il lavoro di ricerca condotto in questa Tesi di Dottorato in Scienze Umanistiche e dei Beni Culturali, XXVI ciclo, si configura come una ampia e multidisciplinare analisi del significato e del ruolo che le nuove tecnologie della comunicazione hanno nel campo della valorizzazione digitale del patrimonio culturale. Questo lavoro, infatti, spazia dalla sociologia dei media al marketing culturale, passando per studi di statistica e di economica della cultura, con un vasto corredo di immagini.
Nello specifico, il lavoro della candidata si organizza in quattro parti:
Introduzione: Un’ampia introduzione fa il punto sulla rivoluzione digitale e sul suo impatto sulla comunicazione culturale, attraverso gli sviluppi del Web 2.0.
Parte I: In questa prima sezione della ricerca, strutturata in tre capitoli, la candidata affronta il tema della cultura e delle politiche culturali nell’epoca di Internet.
Capitolo Primo: Attraverso un’ampia documentazione la candidata presenta il mondo di Internet e l’impatto delle nuove tecnologie per la comunicazione sulla cultura. Si analizza, nel dettaglio, la diffusione di Internet, con una particolare attenzione al fenomeno del divario digitale in Italia e in Sicilia, e il suo ruolo nell’evoluzione della comunicazione culturale fra reale e virtuale (fino al concetto di Virtual Heritage). Infine, fra i fenomi correlati all’evoluzione del Web 2.0, si analizzano il nuovo ruolo degli utenti, trasformatisi in produttori e consumatori di cultura, e le forme di partecipazione digitale dell’utenza alla produzione di contenuti culturali.
Capitolo Secondo: L’interesse della candidata si focalizza sulle strategie e sulle politiche culturali di valorizzazione digitale del patrimonio culturale europeo, partendo dalla Strategia di Lisbona per arrivare fino alle più recenti decisioni prese dalla Commissione Europea in merito, rivolgendo una particolare attenzione a più significativi progetti sovranazionali realizzati negli ultimi anni, quali ad es. Europeana.
Capitolo Terzo: L’interesse si rivolge, a questo punto, alle politiche culturali digitali, messe in campo dal Governo Italiano. Nei primi paragrafi, attraverso i dati statistici forniti dalle agenzie statistiche nazionali ed europee, la candidata esamina il grado di diffusione e di penetrazione delle ICT nella popolazione (europea, italiana e siciliana), con un’ampia analisi sul significato economico e sociale del digital divide, analizzando sia le cause (di tipo strutturale ma anche legislative) che le azioni promosse per il superamento di un gap che causa una mancata promozione del patrimonio culturale attraverso Internet e le nuove tecnologie. I dati statistici sono anche alla base dell’indagine sulla penetrazione fra gli Italiani dei dispositivi mobili di comunicazione (mobile devices) e del loro utilizzo soprattutto nel consumo di beni e servizi culturali. Ampio spazio, nell’ambito dell’analisi sulla valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale italiano, viene dato anche al ruolo e significato che il motore di ricerca Google ha sviluppato nel corso degli ultimi anni attravero i suoi molteplici progetti (da Google Art Project in poi). Sempre in questa sede si analizza il progetto di #invasionidigitali 2013, cui la candidata ha preso parte come coordinatrice per la Regione Sicilia (ottenendo fra l’altro il patrocinio dell’Assessorato Regionale dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana), presentandolo come modello di nuove forme bottom up di valorizzazione e di co-creazione di contenuti culturali. Il capitolo si conclude con la presentazione dei risultati della ampia indagine, pubblicata nella monografia La visibilit@ sul web del patrimonio culturale siciliano. Criticità e prospettive attraverso un survey on-line, edita da Maimone nel gennaio 2012, in cui si analizzano le forme di comunicazione culturale in Sicilia attraverso il web e che, attraverso l’utilizzo dei Qr Code, consente di accedere direttamente ai siti web museali analizzati.
Parte II: Questa parte della ricerca si apre con una presentazione delle tecnologie digitali variamente utilizzate nel settore della comunicazione mobile e delle possibilità di interazione che le nuove piattaforme digitali offrono nel campo della comunicazione culturale, con un ampio repertorio di esempi di dispositivi ad applicativi per la fruizione in modalità mobile del patrimonio culturale, sia all’estero che, soprattutto, in Italia.
Capitolo Quarto: Dopo una introduzione sull’interesse degli operatori alle tecnologie per la comunicazione culturale in mobilità, si passano in rassegna le varie tecnologie adottate in questo settore, dalle reti wireless al Bluetooth, al Gps, alle tags RFiD, Qr code e NFC. Di seguito si presenta una panoramica sulle forme di appartenenza digitali ad un territorio, attraverso esempi di digital storytelling attraverso il geosocial tagging anche in modalità mobile. La rassegna di dispositivi tecnologi in uso per la comunicazione culturale in mobilità, dai personal digital assistent (PDA) agli iPod, agli smartphone e ai tablet, apre la strada ad una puntuale analisi, ricca di esempi, di guided tour app relative a musei e biblioteche stranieri e, soprattutto italiani, da quelle realizzate dal Ministero dei Beni Culturali a quelle del Touring. Il capitolo si conclude analizzando l’evoluzione delle applicazioni culturali verso il cosiddetto browsing emozionale e l’adozione di software per Augmented Reality e Bubble Viewer già adottate in Italia.
Capitolo Quinto: Nel quinto capitolo si esaminano le soluzioni multimediali di fruizione mobile in presenza adottate in Sicilia, dalle guide in mp3 a quelle con i Qr Code, le tags RFiD e la tecnologia NFC. L’offerta multimediale di app per la Sicilia è scrupolosamente indagata, dalle app realizzate dalle istituzioni regionali centrali e periferiche fino a quelle, sull’intera regione e sulle singole realtà locali, prodotte da vari operatori turistici.
Parte III: Viene qui presentato un progetto sulla fruizione e valorizzazione digitale di quella porzione del patrimonio culturale catanese, costituita dal Museo Diocesano, dal Duomo e dalle Terme Achilleane, naturalmente vocato a costituire una rete culturale e un attrattore turistico.
Capitolo Sesto: Dopo una introduzione su Catania come “Museo Diffuso”, in quest’ultimo capitolo viene delineato un progetto, che è un work in progress in attesa di finanziamento e, quindi, in corso di realizzazione al Museo Diocesano di Catania: il MuDiCtWifi che prevede, in una sua fase successiva, l’integrazione con SantAgataWifi, il circuito multimediale del patrimonio culturale legato alle festività agatine. Il supporto di questo progetto è WiFiGuide, software che viene largamente presentato nel suo più significativo utilizzo alla Valle dei Templi di Agrigento, dove è attualmente in uso dopo una fase di test. Il progetto MuDiCtWifi è un percorso di guida wireless, multimediale e multilingue, per la fruizione e comunicazione multimediale del circuito culturale e artistico formato dal Museo Diocesano con la Terrazza del Seminario dei Chierici e con la Terrazza di Porta Uzeda, collegati con un sistema wireless con il complesso sotterraneo delle Terme Achilleane e con il Duomo di Catania. Il circuito, che consente al visitatore una fruizione dei contenuti culturali in assolutà libertà e secondo le proprie specifiche esigenze di tempo e di approfondimento, si sviluppa per un totale di 58 punti di interesse, variamente interconnessi fra loro, della cui redazione si è occupata personalmente la candidata. Il progetto prevede, inoltre, l’integrazione con due piattaforme multimediali per il controllo degli accessi e dei feedback, posizionati sul medesimo server di WiFiGuide, in modo da fornire dati statistici aggiornati e in tempo reale sia sugli indicatori di performance del tour multimediale che sui visitatori. Questo sistema sarà in grado di fornire i dati quantitativi e qualitativi per poter effettuare adeguate strategie di marketing culturale.

Azlin Samsudin, Tarmiji Masron, Mokhtar Saidin, Jeffrey Abdullah and Saiful Shahidan.(2010). LEMBAH BUJANG, SEBUAH KERAJAAN LAMA YANG BERPUSAT:
DARI PERSPEKTIF SISTEM MAKLUMAT GEOGRAFI (GIS).IN: Seminar Prosiding: Penanda Arasan Penyelidikan Arkeologi di UKM (Editor: Asyaari Muhamad, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abd. Rahman and Zuliskandar Ramli).Institut Alam Dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA), Bangi.Pages: 305 - 325

Abstract:

Lembah Bujang telah dikaji sejak sedekad yang la/u dan dikatakan sebagai kerajaan Kedah Tua dari abad ke 1 masihi hingga 14 masihi. Ia juga dilaporkan sebagai salah satu kerajaan lama yang penting dalam abad tersebut sebagai salah satu persinggahan dalam perdagangan di rantau Asia Tenggara. Ma/ah dikatakan juga, penempatan di Lembah Bujang adalah merupakan satu kerajaan atau negeri yang mempunyai penyusunan masyarakat yang tersusun dan jaringan pertukaran barangan tersendiri dengan menggunakan sungai-sungai sebagai penghubung antara kawasan. Fungsi setiap tapak juga telah ditafsirkan berdasarkan kepada kajian o/eh Jane Allen pada tahun 1988. Kesemua tersebut adalah hasil daripada kajian arkeologi melalui  tinjauan dan ekskavasi yang dilakukan oleh pengkaji-pengkaji terdahulu. Bagaimanapun, kajian terhadap taburan tapak-tapak arkeo/ogi di Lembah Bujang dengan menggunakan pendekatan Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) tidak pernah dilakukan /agi. 0/eh itu, ana/isis GIS telah dilakukan ke atas taburan tapak-tapak arkeologi yang sedia ada untuk menentukan polo penempatan dan pusat penempatan tersebut dan sungai utama yang menjadi nodi dalam kerajaan lama. Ana/isis yang dijalankan menunjukkan taburan tapak-tapak adalah tertumpu pada dua lembangan iaitu kawasan tadahan sungai Merbok dan Sungai Muda. Kedua-dua sungai ini memainkan peranan dalam kerajaan Kedah Tua. Ana/isis terhadap polo taburan tapak-tapak arkeologi pula berdasarkan kepada 3 atribut iaitu ketinggian, kecerunan dan fungsi setiap tapak menunjukkan bahawa wujud polo penempatan dan pusat kerajaan Kedah Tua. Polo penempatan Lembah Bujang ada/ah berkisar kepada Sungai Merbok sebagai sungai utamanya berbanding dengan sungai Muda. Ma/ah ana/isis tersebut juga menunjukkan bahawa kawasan Pengkalan Bujang dan sepanjang sungai Pengkalan Bujang kemungkinan merupakan pusat kerajaan Kedah Tua. Sekitarnya merupakan kawasan aktiviti ekonominya. Kewujudan pusat kerajaan, menunjukkan wujudnya kerajaan lama dan penempatan di Lembah Bujang merupakan sebuah penempatan satu negeri yang mempunyai kerajaan berpusat.

Barrows, as burial markers, are ubiquitous throughout North-Western Europe. In some regions dense concentrations of monuments form peculiar configurations such as long alignments while in others they are spread out extensively, dotting vast areas with hundreds of mounds. These vast barrow landscapes came about through thousands of years of additions by several successive prehistoric and historic communities. Yet little
is known about how these landscapes developed and originated.

That is what this research set out to do. By unravelling the histories of specific barrow landscapes in the Low Countries, several distinct activity phases of intense barrow construction could be recognised. Each of these phases contributed to how the barrow landscape developed and reveals shifting attitudes to these monuments.
By creating new monuments in a specific place and in a particular fashion, prehistoric communities purposefully transformed the form and shape of the barrow landscape. Using several GIS-techniques such as a skyline-analysis, this research is able to demonstrate how each barrow took up a specific (and different) position within such a social landscape. While the majority of the barrows were only visible from relatively close by, specific monuments took up a dominating position, cresting the horizon, being visible from much further away.
It is argued in this research that these burial mounds remained important landscape monuments on the purple heathlands. They continued to attract attention, and by their visibility ensured to endure in the collective memory of the communities shaping themselves around these monuments.

Zuraina Majid, Ang Bee Huat and Jaffrie Ignatius (1998). Late Pleistocene-Holocene Sites in Pahang: Excavations of Gua Sagu and Gua Tenggek:IN (Editor: Zuraina Majid) Archaeological Research and Museums In Malaysia. Malaysia Museums Journal, Volume 34: Pages 65 - 115.

The different work done from January 2006 to December 2008 by de Fundació Marina d’Or de la Comunitat Valenciana has enabled the excavation of over 100.000 square metres. Some aspects whose importance makes them deserve special mention are the sectors of the Islamic period, with their storage structures, for industrial use, as well as an extensive necropolis; the Iberian city of Torre la Sal and the Neolithic site in Costamar, as documented in de Torre la Sal PAI (Integral Action Plan) (Cabanes, Castellón).
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Las diferentes intervenciones realizada desde enero de 2006 hasta diciembre de 2008 por la Fundació Marina d’Or de la Comunitat Valenciana, han permitido la excavación en extensión de más de 100.000 m2, destacando por su importancia los sectores del período islámico, con estructuras de almacenaje, de uso industrial, así como una extensa necrópolis; la ciudad ibérica de Torre la Sal y el yacimiento neolítico de Costamar, documentados en el PAI Torre la Sal (Cabanes, Castellón).
Las excavaciones han contado desde sus inicios con la colaboración de un amplio equipo científico procedente de diversos organismos: Servei d’Investigacions Arqueològiques i Prehistòriques de la Diputació de Castelló, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Universitat de València, Centre d’Arqueologia Subaquàtica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Grupo Paleolab y Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
En esta monografía se recogen los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas y se analizan bajo un enfoque evolutivo. Desde la aparición de la agricultura, el medio se ha visto continuamente transformado siguiendo pautas sociales y culturales. El paisaje es, por tanto, el resultado de esta interacción entre la actividad humana y el medio, que genera una estructuración espacial antropizada cuyas trazas fósiles pueden ser abordadas desde la arqueología.

Digital transformation needs exchange. This applies to the discussion with museum visitors as well as with colleagues from other museums. In an international perspective, the Smithsonian Institution and the Cooper Hewitt Design Museum undoubtedly hold a leading position in this respect. The Baden State Museum therefore established contact with the American colleagues some time ago and benefited greatly from the exchange in the further development of its own digital strategy. It therefore made sense also to translate the "Tools and Approaches for Transforming Museum Experience" developed by Carolyn Royston, Rachel Ginsberg and a collective of authors and to make it more accessible for the German debate. The toolkit contains thoughts and ideas on why transforming museum experiences is necessary; it raises questions to help leaders and practitioners design transformative museum experiences; and it offers insights into strategies for taking this work forward for audiences and different communities, including useful tools and approaches for practical work.

The discovery of the Sungai Batu complex by the Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia in 2007 is of great significant in understanding the early civilisations in Malaysia. The complex was found during a scientific palaeoenvironmental reconstruction sutdy. A total pf 97 mounds were mapped and identified in 3km2 area that has great archaeological potential. To date, excavations at 16 mounds revealed ritual monuments, a riverside jetty built in the 2nd century CE, and iron smelting sites that were used from the 1st century CE. The discovery of the iron smelting industry in this complex showed that the Sungai Batu civilisation had an economic base. These new findings give a more holistoc and complete picture of the Bujang Valley civilisation and should lead to a significant re-evaluation of the evidence that has been accumulated since the 1840s. Based on the early research results, the Bujang Valley civilisation was thought to date as early as the end of the 4th century CE and to be primarily a Hindu-Buddhist site (Coedes, 1968). These new finds with chronometric dating (radiocarbon and OSL) allow us to re-write not onl the history of Malaysian civilisation but also that of the region. To date, the important discovery of a 110 CE monument meant Sungai Batu provides the earliest evidence of a monument (with chronometric dates) in Southeast Asia.

Promachon-Topolnica a Neolithic settlement in the Balkans, situated on the border between Greece and Bulgaria (Balkans). The settlement was studied in two sectors: the sector in years 1980-1991 Topolnica (Bulgaria) is a sector in the years 1992-2003 Promachon (Greece). In this informative article presents the results of the study. The article is richly illustrated with color photographs.

Intermediation of Archaeological Research. Concept and Visitor Study of the Exhibiton »Großbaustelle 793«.

To mark the 1200-year anniversary of the death of Charlemagne, a special exhibition about the so-called Fossa Carolina, Charlemagne’s canal project between the Rhine and the Danube, was held at the RGZM in 2013. The aim of the exhibition was to provide visitors with an insight into the questions asked and methods used by archaeological research in order to give a »voice« to such a construction. A »marketplace of research« was set up at the exhibition as a place for dialogue with research. This enabled the examination of approaches for cross-media participation. The article describes the didactic and scenographic concept, as well as the structure of the exhibition in terms of content, and summarises the results of a small visitor survey that was aimed at examining whether the didactic concept was successful and to what extent it was possible to create authenticity.

Throughout the greater part of human evolution in Europe, use of plant foods is invisible and thus might have played a secondary role in nutrition. Ecological changes at the beginning of the early Holocene provoked innovations in early Mesolithic subsistence, focusing on the rich plant resources of the increasingly forested environment. High-resolution analyses of the excellently preserved and well-dated special task camps documented in detail at Duvensee, Northern Germany, offer an outstanding opportunity for case studies on Mesolithic subsistence and land use strategies. Quantification of the nut utilisation demonstrates the great importance of hazelnuts. These studies revealed very high return rates and allow for absolute assessments of the development of early Holocene economy. Stockpiling of the
energy rich resource and an increased logistical capacity are innovations characterising an intensified early Mesolithic land use, which is reflected in the stable tradition of uniform seasonal settlement patterns at early Mesolithic Duvensee. The case study reveals characteristics in early Mesolithic subsistence and land use that anticipate attributes of the Neolithic economy.

Mitglieder des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts und Studenten der Altertumswissenschaften können die Archäologischen Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan zum Vorzugspreis von 53,20 a zuzüglich Versandkosten abonnieren. Bestellungen sind an die Schriftleitung zu richten. Studenten werden um Vorlage einer Studienbescheinigung gebeten. Die Beendigung des Studiums ist unverzüglich mitzuteilen.

In his 1891 report, “The Museums of the Future,”  George Brown Goode said, “In this busy, critical, and skeptical age each man is seeking to know all things, and life is too short for many words. The eye is used more and more, the ear less and less, and in the use of the eye, descriptive writing is set aside for pictures, and pictures in their turn are replaced by actual objects.”  This could have been written today, and would hold the same meaning. The meaning would further be complicated by the rise of the digital age and the ubiquitous presence in western society of the smartphone, particularly among the Millennial generation (those born in the early 1980s through the early 2000s).  Goode might be considered a prophet, as his idea that we use our eyes more than our ears for taking in new information in any venue is particularly true among the Millenials—their preferred source for new information intake is their smartphones, where text messages are delivered in a cryptic shorthand, and images are of primary importance. The smartphone could be considered the singular “actual object” to replace all “pictures.” According to an article in the December issue of Smithsonian Magazine, Facebook has become the world’s largest repository of photographs. “Since it was launched in 2004, Facebook has grown into the largest photo library in the world—its collection of 250 billion photographs is 18,000 times larger than the total number of photos and prints in the Library of Congress.”  It is possible that it is truer for the Millenials than for any previous generation in human history that “a picture paints a thousand words.” For this generation, words are of little importance, compared to pictures. The proof of the pudding is in the sheer numbers of photos taken by this generation: “During the one second that it takes you to snap a photo, some 4,000 images will be uploaded to Facebook.”

This article, which reveals the existence of a huge, plumed, Neolithic face on a stela at Le Closeau, Nanteau-sur-Essonne, examines its possible relationships with similar iconography, including on statue-menhirs and in hypogea from Guernsey, the Marne, Languedoc and Switzerland, and concludes that the Closeau stela may be from the early Neolithic, making it one of the oldest ones in France.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The PDF of this article, which I received from the journal’s editor, Laurent Valois, before it went to press, differs from the printed version, because the person in charge of taking the files to the printer ignored the editor’s instructions and gave the printer an inaccurate partial translation, which had not been validated. The only official and approved version of this article is therefore this PDF. The editor has promised to publish an erratum concerning the printed version in the next issue of Art Rupestre.

PDFs of all my articles, including ones which I'm unable to share through Academia.edu for copyright reasons, can be downloaded for free from my personal site, www.duncancaldwell.com.

In the line of interdisciplinary research of semiotic relations between prehistoric and the contemporary settlement, this paper, based on the ethnological materials, tends to explain insufficiently stressed aspect of Neolithic buildings which refer to women’s biological functions (menstruation, delivery – after-delivery phase).

На линији низа интердисиплинарних истраживања семиотичких односа између праисторијског и савременог станишта, овај рад, са ослонцем на етнолошку грађу, настоји да проникне у један недовољно наглашен аспект неолитских грађевина који се односи на женске биолошке функције (менструацију – порођај – постпорођајну фазу).

Кључне речи: керамичке кућарице, менструација, неолит, жртвеници, Балкан.

"This paper discusses the results and wider significance of archaeological excavations undertaken on a Neolithic settlement located on the island of Marawah, in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Survey and excavation revealed the remains of seven prehistoric mounds associated with Neolithic structures. One of the structures measured approximately 4m long and 2m in width and, built out of stone, survived to a height of approximately 70cm. Finds include pottery, lithics, shell beads and bone. The site represents a unique architectural style for the Gulf Neolithic coastal communities, that does not have any obvious parallels. Radiocarbon analysis suggests the site was occupied around 7,600 years ago."

"The article gives a summary about excavation results of the well preserved late neolithic Jevišovice-culture settlement Kleiner Anzingerberg in lower Austria.
It also shows new developed documentation tools like a photo crane and a pole.
In addition we tested structure from motion systems for creating orthophotos and 3D-models.

More information about photo crane Opterix 2.0 and monopod PhotoMob: http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a0847161/"

L'arcipelago Maltese, situato nel centro del Mediterraneo, (circa 80 km a sud della costa siracusana, 290 km ad est della Tunisia, 355 a nord della Libia e 815 ad ovest di Creta), è costituito da 5 isole (più svariati scogli ed affioramenti), di cui soltanto 3 (Malta, Gozo, e, in misura molto minore, Comino) abitabili sin dalla Preistoria, per una superficie totale di 316 km 2 (RENFREW, 1973;. Le isole sono costituite dall'affioramento di un promontorio calcareo sottomarino che collega l'arcipelago alla Sicilia ad una profondità di circa 100m., e sono pertanto state direttamente collegate alla Sicilia da una lunga lingua di terra svariate volte nel corso del Pleistocene, ed in particolare in corrispondenza dei periodi Pleniglaciali Rissiani e Würmiani, come testimoniato dalle faune rinvenute nei (pochi) depositi pleistocenici di Malta e Gozo (soprattutto Ghar Dhalam, Ghajn Abdoul e Ghar Hassan, . La sequenza litologica delle isole è costituita da spessi "pacchetti" di strati alternati di calcare corallino e calcare a globigerine, formatisi in un ambiente di fondale marino tra i 27 e i 7 M.yrs BP, ed emersi in seguito alle spinte tettoniche dovute alla collisione tra la zolla africana e quella europea, di cui le isole fanno parte (PEDLEY et al. 2002). Tuttavia, nonostante vari indizi indiretti che potrebbero suggerire un quadro diverso, il primo popolamento umano delle isole può essere fatto risalire con certezza soltanto al Neolitico, con la data più antica proveniente dal sito a ceramica impressa con forti caratteri stentinelliani di Ghar Dhalam, corrispondente a 6148±160 uncal BP (BM-378, TRUMP, 1996). Posto nella parte sud-orientale dell'isola di Malta, molto vicino alla cittadina di Birzebbuga e al sito più tardo di Borg-in-Nadur, il riparo in grotta di Ghar Dhalam costituisce un sito-chiave per le fasi immediatamente precedenti e successive alla primo sicuro popolamento umano dell'isola: questa grotta infatti, oltre ad aver restituito il più grande (e meglio studiato) deposito pleistocenico dell'arcipelago (costituito prevalentemente da accumuli ossei di macrofaune dovuti all'apporto di un paleo-corso fluviale), ha anche restituito i materiali più antichi sicuramente riferibili alla presenza dell'uomo sulle isole, tra cui alcune sepolture umane e una ceramica di tipo impresso, molto affine stilisticamente alle produzioni stentinelliane, e soprattutto la più antica data al radiocarbonio, e costituisce pertanto il sito eponimo della prima facies del Neolitico Maltese. Materiali della facies Ghar Dhalam sono venuti alla luce anche in un altro ridotto numero di siti (perlopiù disturbati da interventi di età posteriore/moderna) tra Malta e Gozo: particolarmente rilevanti sembrano essere stati i depositi in grotta del tavolato collinare calcareo di Ghajn Abdoul, a Gozo, che costituisce il punto di approdo più vicino alla costa Siciliana, e il più comodo con venti favorevoli. I depositi (sparsi in diverse grotte naturali nella falesia calcarea) hanno restituito, nel corso delle sbrigative indagini condotte durante il governo coloniale inglese, sia ceramiche della facies di Ghar Dhalam (se non vere e proprie ceramiche Stentinelliane), sia ceramiche della successiva fase Grey Sorba. Sfortunatamente però la maggior parte dei depositi è stata rimossa dalle attività di cava prima che fosse possibile ottenere delle datazioni al radiocarbonio: è solo da augurarsi che i pochi depositi rimasti possano essere almeno datati in futuro. Nonostante questo, il dibattito sulla possibile presenza di popolazioni umane a Malta e/o Gozo prima della fine del VII Millennio BC, è divenuto celebre fon dagli inizi del XX secolo in seguito al rinvenimento a Ghar Dhalam, nei depositi della fine dell'età glaciale ("Deer Layer", datato tra 18 e 10 K.yrs BP) di tre denti pertinenti forse a tre individui diversi (DESPOTT, 1923; M.A.R., 1937). Per la loro particolare morfologia taurodontica, i denti furono attribuiti ad Homo Neanderthalensis sia dallo scavatore Despott (che era un dentista), sia dall'anatomista Arthur Keith (FABRI, 2007). Tuttavia questa attribuzione (che è stata recentemente richiamata in causa dalla stampa divulgativa maltese, MIFSUD E MIFSUD, 1997) non sembra reggere alla luce di (1) le tecniche decisamente "novecentesche"con cui fu effettuato lo scavo, tra il 1892 e il 1937 che non consentono di ricostruire un serio contesto stratigrafico per i reperti, e (2) le analisi separate dei denti svolte da J.J. Mangion (1962) e da Kenneth Oakley (1963), che dimostrarono ampiamente la presenza di simili casi di taurodontismo anche nella moderna popolazione maltese FABRI, 2007). Al momento attuale non sembra dunque possibile trovare una prova scientificamente valida della presenza umana a Malta e Gozo prima della facies di Ghar Dhalam, tuttavia questa situazione potrebbe essere dovuta principalmente allo stato attuale dei depositi maltesi visto che: (1) nella gran parte della superficie delle isole di Gozo e Malta non è mai 1 stata fatta una prospezione finalizzata al ritrovamento di siti pre-neolitici (che sono molto meno facilmente individuabili rispetto alle strutture in pietra di età neolitica), (2) l'intensa attività di cava di cui sono state oggetto le due isole maggiori nel corso dei millenni si è concentrata prevalentemente sui plateau calcarei costellati di grotte naturali (come Ghajn Abdoul), obliterandone una gran parte, (3) la fortissima erosione meteorica a cui è sottoposto il suolo maltese ha fatto si che a) un gran numero di siti (posti sulle zone più esposte) sia stato completamente rimosso dagli eventi naturali, e un altro numero (indeterminabile) seppellito dagli accumuli alluviali, e soprattutto che b) la maggior parte dei pendii e delle superfici sfruttabili per fini agricoli sia stata terrazzata (con i tipici muretti a secco) un numero incalcolabile di volte nel corso dei millenni, obliterando un gran numero di possibili siti, o quanto meno coprendoli (in più di un caso infatti la presenza di muretti di terrazzamento ha preservato i siti dall'aratura e dallo sbancamento per altri fini), e rendendone l'indagine difficile e/o costosa. Tuttavia non esiste nemmeno un buon motivo per negare a priori la possibilità di un popolamento umano delle isole prima del 6150 Uncal BP, e alcuni possibili (benché indiretti) indizi in questo senso possono essere trovati nei dati faunisitici. Le faune pleistoceniche infatti, ed in particolare le megafaune tipiche dell'ambiente maltese di epoca Eemiana e Würmiana (tra cui i ratti giganti Leithia melitensis , e le lucertole giganti Lacerta wiedincitensis, le testuggini giganti appartenenti alla specie Testudo robusta, tre specie di ippopotamo -Hippopothamus amphibius, H. pentlandi e H. melitensis -, due specie di elefanti di piccola taglia -Paleoxodon mnaidriensis e P. falconeri), oltre a quelle più tipiche dell'Epiglaciale (gli ungulati Cervus elaphus, Dama dama, Equus asinus, i carnivori Ursus arctos, Canis lupus e Vulpes sp., oltre alle lontre -Lutra euxena, e a diverse specie di roditori ed uccelli marini tra cui il cigno gigante Cygnus falconeri), che sembrano molto abbondanti nei depositi pleistocenici delle isole (BATES, 1935;, non appaiono in nessun caso documentato nei livelli corrispondenti alla facies Ghar Dhalam, né in alcun deposito di età certamente Olocenica. Questa rapida e totale scomparsa delle macrofaune che avevano prosperato sulle isole maggiori per svariate decine di migliaia di anni giusto in corrispondenza della fine del Pleistocene e dell'Epiglaciale è stata messa più volte in relazione con il possibile arrivo di gruppi di cacciatori dalla penisola italiana e/o dalla Sicilia (EVANS, 1959; MORANA, 1987; ZAMMIT MAEMPEL, 1989; SULTANA E FALZON, 2002) in particolare sulla base del parallelo etnologico con le grandi estinzioni causate dall'arrivo dei primi esseri umani in contesti fortemente insulari, come ad esempio nel caso dell'estinzione delle megafaune Neozelandesi e Patagoniche (TRUMP, 2002) oppure delle grandi specie aviarie marine delle isole di Pasqua, Pitcairn, Henderson e Mangareva, nella Polinesia orientale (DIAMOND, 2005). Tuttavia, l'assenza di depositi dettagliati studiati risalenti alla fase di transizione tra il periodo Epiglaciale e l'Atlantico attraverso cui 1 Al 2006.

New archaeobotanical results from 15 Neolithic sites in northern Germany are presented in a review of the Neolithic plant economy in northern and northwestern Europe. Available archaeobotanical data from north-western Europe are evaluated and compared with our new results. In the whole region, barley and emmer were the main crops. Regional and diachronic differences are observed in the cultivation of einkorn, spelt and naked wheat. For oil plants and pulses only rare information from macro remains is available, as we mainly deal with charred material. It is noticeable that gathered plants played an important role in the Funnel Beaker economy. Plant choice, especially the relevance of cultivated versus gathered plants is discussed, based on new and existing data. Based on a structural comparison of charred plant assemblages from domestic sites and tombs, we develop a research hypothesis that settlement finds provide insight into production and consumption of food from crops, while tombs mainly yield evidence of plants gathered in the wild or in semi-wild areas in the vicinity of former settlements. Therefore, we suggest a model of different purposes and meanings of plants, depending on whether primarily an economic or a social/ritual sphere is regarded. But, for all evaluations and interpretations, it is essential to consider the taphonomic processes and conditions. Therefore, further research is necessary to verify our hypothesis, which derives from first insights into new material.

Le territoire de Mamoiada (Province de Nuoro, Sardaigne) compte 61 hypogées et 9 structures mégalithiques réparties en 25 nécropoles ou tombes isolées, pour la plupart attribuables à la fin du Néolithique. L’analyse des relations spatiales qu’entretiennent les nécropoles hypogéiques entre elles, de leur implantation dans le paysage et de l’orientation de chaque tombe requiert la caractérisation de leur répartition dans le territoire et de leur lien avec l’environnement naturel. La question des tombes mégalithiques permettra de compléter cette vision. Afin de mettre en relief les informations révélées par cette étude spatiale, nous les recouperons succinctement avec les autres données archéologiques. Ces différents niveaux d’analyse permettront de formuler des hypothèses quant aux modalités d’implantation et de répartition des nécropoles dans le territoire.

Textforschung (INTF) Münster, verfolgt eine umfassende digitale Strategie zur Erschließung und Erforschung des griechischen Neuen Testaments. Neben der Digitalisierung von Handschriften und Drucken wird das weltweit größte Archiv an Mikrofilmen neutestamentlicher griechischer Handschriften gescannt. Die Digitalisate stehen im New Testament Virtual Manuscript Room (NTVMR) der Öffentlichkeit und der Scientific Community neben innovativen und digitalen Methoden als Open-access zur freien Verfügung. Abb. 1: Textflußdiagramm für die Apostelgeschichte 1:1 (INTF Münster).

Hörmətli həmkarlar!

Azərbaycanın ilk və ən böyük muzeyi, təməli 1920-ci ildə qoyulmuş Milli Azərbaycan Tarixi Muzeyi bu il özünün 100 illik yubileyini qeyd edəcəkdir. Azərbaycanın milli-mədəni irsini toplayaraq tədqiq və təbliğ edən Milli Azərbaycan Tarixi Muzeyi Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyasının aparıcı elmi-tədqiqat mərkəzlərindən biri kimi həm də muzeyşünaslıq, vətən tarixi, arxeologiya, etnoqrafiya, numizmatika üzrə yüksək ixtisaslı kadrlar hazırlayan bir müəssisədir.
21 oktyabr 2020-ci ildə Bakıda, Milli Azərbaycan Tarixi Muzeyində “Muzey - XXI əsrdə. Klassikliklə interaktivliyin nisbəti problemləri” adlı beynəlxalq elmi konfrans keçiriləcəkdir. Bu münasibətlə Sizi konfransa dəvət edir və yubiley mərasimlərini bizimlə bölüşməyinizi arzu edirik. Milli Azərbaycan Tarixi Muzeyinin 100 illiyinə həsr olunmuş tədbirlər çərçivəsində sərgilərin və yeni ekspozisiyanın açılışı da planlaşdırılır.

This booklet accompanies the online exhibition 'Excavation Archives: Narratives from 20th-Century Palmyra', which contextualizes the legacy data of the Danish archaeologist Harald Ingholt (1896-1985).

The booklet reproduces the the fourteen topics that are part of the online exhibition on Ingholt and his work, Palmyra and its material culture, and the research conducted thereafter. Each section contains a selection of archival sheets, extracts from excavation diaries, official documents, and photographic material. They all serve to illustrate the richness of Ingholt’s legacy data and their relevance in modern scholarship

The study of megalithic art, its spatial distribution and its techniques, reveals the complexity of the megalithic ritual from the times of the very earliest constructions, making use of both the interior and exterior of the monuments. The presence of human figures, occupying the most distinguished spaces and displaying a wide variability of forms among which "armed" figures are particularly remarkable, is a valuable element in the analysis of evidence of hierarchical social organisation. Such evidence can be gathered from the sphere of collective burials and is the basis of the large scale ideological implementation taking place in the course of the III millennium cal BC The powerful armed figures which presided over dwelling and funerary spaces thus used references to the ancestors to justify their social position, in turn reinventing traditions.

This paper is a chapter of the book: Patrizia Gioia (ed.) 2008 – Torre Spaccata. Roma S.D.O. Le indagini Archeologiche, Roma-Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino.

The discovery of prehistoric remains at Torre Spaccata, referable to a time span ranging from the Neolithic (testified only with sporadic fragments) to the beginning of Middle Bronze Age, fits well within the large quantity of similar findings, identified both in surface surveys and with systematic excavations, that have characterized, in the last 30 years, a wide territory located to the east of Rome.
An analysis of the spatial distribution of the sites and of their physiographic position, leads to the conclusion that overall the settlement choices in the territory east of the city, appear to be the most varied. Is still an open question whether the variety of positions should be ascribed to a specific choice of prehistoric communities or if the data available to us are affected by the preservation of only some portions of territory. What is striking is the strong relationship between the prevalence of the valley positions in the area connected with the presence of Lahar, a geological formation related to recent activity of the volcano Albano.

Уважаемые коллеги!

Национальный Музей Истории Азербайджана – крупнейший и самый первый музей страны, основанный в 1920 году, отмечает в этом году свой 100-летний юбилей. Сегодня Музей успешно продолжает многостороннюю деятельность по сбору, хранению, демонстрации экспонатов, отражающих многовековую историю Азербайджана. Музей, входящий в систему Национальной Академии Наук Азербайджана, является одним из ведущих научно-исследовательских центров страны, готовящих квалифицированных специалистов в области отечественной истории, археологии, этнографии, нумизматики.

Рады Вам сообщить, что 21 октября 2020 года в г. Баку, в Национальном Музее Истории Азербайджана будет проведена международная конференция «Музей в XXI веке. Проблемы соотношений классического и интерактивного». Нам будет приятно приветствовать Вас в числе участников конференции и предоставить Вам возможность разделить с нами радость юбилейных торжеств.