Mobile Interfaces

... 2. Components Used Poongodi, Int. J. EnCoTe, 2012, v0102, 09 - 20 ISSN ; 2277 - 9377 IJECST | March - April 2012 Available [email protected] 9 Page 2. ... F) FunctioningPoongodi, Int. J. EnCoTe, 2012, v0102, 09 - 20 ISSN ; 2277 - 9377 ...

This paper deals with the new emerging technology The Sixth Sense. It's a wearable mobile interface that augments the physical world around us with the digitalised machine world. This technology bridges the gap between the digital world and real world just by allowing the interaction of humans with the machines through simple hand gestures. The category under which this technology falls is the Augmented Reality Technology. This paper eyes on the possible applications and outcomes of such technology and the advantages and drawbacks of the technology after sourcing or implementing it into real world for use. The most important are the technical challenges faced to get succeeded in future and enhancing it more for future and optimal use.

This paper presents the first prototype of an interactive visualisation framework specifically designed for presenting geographical information in both indoor and outdoor environments. The input of our system is ESRI Shapefiles which represent 3D building geometry and landuse attributes. Participants can visualise 3D reconstructions of geographical information in real-time based on two visualisation clients: a mobile VR interface and a tangible AR interface. To prove the functionality of our system an educational application specifically designed for university students is illustrated with some initial results. Finally, our conclusions as well as future
work are presented.

Civic hacking movement, born at the times of Obama campaign, promotes trust in programming code as a new tool able to solve a large variety of public problems usually delegated to public services or dedicated private institutions. Based on a four-year STS-inspired ethnography of " civic hackathons " in France and Russia, the paper aims to draw a profile of a " civic hacker " and grasp the transformations of civic participation brought by this phenomenon. Beyond technoscepticism and solutionism, the author suggests to follow the actors in their work of " putting problems into code " and proposes a pragmatist approach to civic hacking. While recent studies have been critical of civic hacking as part of the broader neoliberal transformations of labor, the author argues that, in the context of distrust towards traditional political institutions and repertoires of contention, civic hacking can assist construction of public problems, and can also mean " hacking the civics " .

Besides its favorable physical properties, high performant MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) fabrication in silicon carbide (SiC) remains an open issue due to their low channel mobility values. The effect of charge trapping and the scattering at interface states have been invoked as the main reasons for mobility reduction in SiC thermal oxidized MOS gated devices. In this paper, we propose a compact electron mobility model based on the well-established Lombardi mobility model to reproduce the mobility degradation commonly observed in these SiC devices. Using 2D electrical simulations along with the proposed model and taking into account interface traps Coulomb scattering, the experimental field-effect mobility of 4H-SiC MOSFET devices has been fitted with a good agreement. .es (A. Pérez-Tomás). www.elsevier.com/locate/mee Microelectronic Engineering 83 (2006) 440-445

While mobile phones have found broad application in bringing health, financial, and other services to the developing world, usability remains a major hurdle for novice and low-literacy populations. In this article, we take two steps to evaluate and improve the usability of mobile interfaces for such users. First, we offer an ethnographic study of the usability barriers facing 90 low-literacy subjects in India, Kenya, the Philippines, and South Africa. Then, via two studies involving over 70 subjects in India, we quantitatively compare the usability of different points in the mobile design space. In addition to text interfaces such as electronic forms, SMS, and USSD, we consider three text-free interfaces: a spoken dialog system, a graphical interface, and a live operator.

Despite the proliferation of mobile health applications, few target low-literacy users. This is a matter of concern because 43% of the United States population is functionally illiterate. To empower everyone to be a full participant in the evolving health system and prevent further disparities, we must understand the design needs of low-literacy populations. In this paper, we present two complementary studies of four graphical user interface (GUI) widgets and three different cross-page navigation styles in mobile applications with a low-literacy, chronically-ill population. Participant's navigation and interaction styles were documented while they performed search tasks using high fidelity prototypes running on a mobile device. Results indicate that participants could use any non-text based GUI widgets but preferred and performed efficiently with large radio buttons. For navigation structures, users performed best when navigating a linear structure, but preferred the features of cross-linked navigation. Based on these findings, we provide some recommendations for designing accessible mobile applications for low-literacy populations.

Idle time and practices of it are a neglected area in design literature. While work and leisure activities are shaped by laws and political regulations, idle time does not constitute generally accepted practices. However, idle time activities can offer individuals flexibility in their experiences in modern urban life. On the other hand, it also generates times such as waiting moments and traveling time in between everyday activities. In these moments, individuals use their own creativity by the help of “mobile interfaces” to organize their involvement in social relations in unique ways. The purpose of this thesis is to explore idle time activities to develop an understanding about how individuals use idle time to experience their social lives in both physical and virtual environments by using mobile interfaces.

The literature review of this study focuses on foundational concepts on everyday life, psychogeography and symbolic interaction, by taking mobile interfaces and travel into
consideration in public idle times. For this purpose, observations in three different public settings are made. Following that, cultural probe research is conducted to explore what individuals take with them and what they observe in idle time. After cultural probes, I conducted interviews with participants to have a detailed information about what they had filled on the cards.

The thesis concludes with findings and insights on public idle time activities and their interpretations with regard to social, incidental, symbolic and ubiquitous interactions. Briefly, public idle time is framed as active social time in which individuals encounter chance moments and they use their personal creativities to experience pleasant public idle time.

Keywords: idle time, symbolic interaction, mobile interfaces, travel time

Vision-based approaches for mobile indoor localization do not rely on the infrastructure and are therefore scalable and cheap. The particular requirements to a navigation user interface for a vision-based system, however, have not been investigated so far. Such mobile interfaces should adapt to localization accu- racy, which strongly relies on distinctive reference images, and other factors, such as the phone's

Due to the increasing penetration of mobile phones even into poor communities, mobile payment schemes could bring formal financial services to the "unbanked". However, because poverty for the most part also correlates with low levels of formal education, there are questions as to whether electronic access to complex financial services is enough to bridge the gap, and if so, what sort of UI is best.

This paper discusses recent and unique inventions in Human Computer Interaction (HCI). To that end, firstly the authors discuss the Sixth Sense Technology. This technology allows users to interact with virtual objects in the real world in a unique manner. It has a number of applications which are further discussed. Then the opportunities and challenges are discussed. Most importantly, a list of inventions in fields of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in the recent years are discussed, grouped and compared. These include the smart eye glasses, VR headsets, smart watches, and more. Future implications of all those technologies are brought into light considering the new advancements in software and hardware designs. Recommendations are highlighted for future inventions.

The structural and dynamic properties of the interface during the fcc-bcc transformation in pure iron have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. An embedded atom method potential was used for the atomic interactions. Two interfaces, close to the Bain and Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relations, have been examined during the fcc-to-bcc transformation. In each simulation the system was left to evolve freely at the imposed temperature. In a system with fully periodic boundaries no interface motion has been observed, whereas systems with at least one free boundary do show a mobile interface. After an incubation time, there is a very fast transformation from fcc to bcc, with interface velocities reaching values in the range of 200-700m/s , depending on the interface orientation and on temperature. The characteristics of the transformation are of a martensitic nature, without this being imposed on the system. During the incubation time a complex interface structure is formed, which appears to be essential for the martensitic transformation. From the atomic displacements during the transformation, the occurrence of slip planes can be identified.

The manifestation of quantum behavior in two dimensional electron gases in semiconducting heterostructures and their progressive complexity towards fractional quantum Hall effect went hand-in-hand with the efforts to remove the effect of impurity scattering. For oxide materials, history is repeating itself and to date sample quality is reaching levels where quantum behavior starts to become accessible. To really understand the ground state of two dimensional electron gases in oxide systems, where electron-electron correlation effects seem more important, a step towards modulation doping is necessary, removing dopants away from a conduction channel. We will show that the impurity scattering of a 2DEG at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces can be significantly suppressed by defect engineering, allowing the observation of quantum transport in a modulation doped oxide system.

This research presents the results of a project that investigated how students use a library developed mobile app to locate books in the library. The study employed a methodology of formative evaluation so that the development of the mobile app would be informed by user preferences for next generation wayfinding systems. A key finding is the importance of gathering ongoing user feedback for designing useful and used mobile academic library applications. Elements and data points to include in future mobile interfaces are discussed.

Besides its favorable physical properties, high performant MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) fabrication in silicon carbide (SiC) remains an open issue due to their low channel mobility values. The effect of charge trapping and the scattering at interface states have been invoked as the main reasons for mobility reduction in SiC thermal oxidized MOS gated devices. In this paper, we propose a compact electron mobility model based on the well-established Lombardi mobility model to reproduce the mobility degradation commonly observed in these SiC devices. Using 2D electrical simulations along with the proposed model and taking into account interface traps Coulomb scattering, the experimental field-effect mobility of 4H-SiC MOSFET devices has been fitted with a good agreement.

Mobile vision services are a type of mobile ITS applications that emerge with increased miniaturization of sensor and computing devices, such as in camera equipped mobile phones, and appropriate adoption of advanced computer vision methodologies. The interpretation of mobile imagery with reference to geo-coded information from augmented city maps offers new applications. In this paper we describe a central component in mobile geo-service application, the Mobile Mapping Data Warehouse (MOMA) as developed by Tele Atlas, and associated prototypical mobile vision services that make use of MOMA features and cognitive vision technology, such as, (i) vision based geo-indexed object recognition, (ii) image based localization, and (iii) hyperlinking reality via camera phones. We demonstrate the applicability of the state-of-the-art mobile vision technology and outline a roadmap towards the realization of future mobile ITS applications.

The aim of this work is to explore the use of lightweight but effective user interfaces for mobile navigation and wayfinding in urban environments. Two interactive mobile interfaces were designed and implemented following a user centred approach. The first interface makes use of 2D digital technology such as different representations of 2D maps and textual information. To enhance the user experience during navigation, location aware searches may be performed indicating information about the surroundings. The second interface makes use of virtual reality (VR) and computer graphics to present 3D maps and textual information. The VR maps are also interactive and contain hyperlinks positioned in 3D space which link to either webpages or other multimedia content. Both interfaces allow users to visualise and interact with different levels of representation of urban maps. Initial evaluation has been performed to test the usability of the 2D interface, and limitations of the 2D technology were recorded. To overcome these limitations and explore the potentials of alternative technologies a VR interface was prototyped and a pilot evaluation was conducted.

This paper focuses on the innovative concept of intelligent digital maps. Event and context information are stored as part of the city maps in order to make the maps intelligent and to exploit further context information of objects. In the EU funded project MOBVIS [10], we develop advanced methodologies to aid mobile vision and context awareness tasks using the enhanced Tele Atlas 2D and 3D City Maps. Augmenting the maps with visual features, semantic and context information enables to support within a given context specifically targeted geoservices in order to deliver appropriate geo-referenced map information on demand. We present preliminary results of geo-indexing the map to retrieve map information in a mobile object recognition task.

The strain relaxation behavior in a viscoelastic material, such as a polymer melt, may be strongly affected by the proximity of a free surface or mobile interface. In this paper, the viscoelastic surface modes of the material are discussed with respect to their possible influence on the freezing temperature and dewetting morphology of thin polymer films. In particular, the mode spectrum is connected with mode coupling theory assuming memory effects in the melt. Based on the idea that the polymer freezes due to these memory effects, surface melting is predicted. As a consequence, the substantial shift of the glass transition temperature of thin polymer films with respect to the bulk is naturally explanied. The experimental findings of several independent groups can be accounted for quantitatively, with the elastic modulus at the glass transition temperature as the only fitting parameter. Finally, a simple model is put forward which accounts for the occurrence of certain generic dewetting morphologies in thin liquid polymer films. It demonstrates that by taking into account the viscoelastic properties of the film, a morphological phase diagram may be derived which describes the observed structures of dewetting fronts. It is demonstrated that dewetting morphologies may also serve to determine nanoscale rheological properties of liquids.

Knowledge is generated and accessed from heterogeneous spaces. The recent advances in information technologies provide enhanced tools for improving the efficiency of knowledgebased decision support systems. The purpose of this paper is to present the frameworks for developing the optimal blend of technologies required in order to better the knowledge acquisition and reuse in large scale decision making environments. The authors present a case study in the field of clinical decision support systems based on emerging technologies. They consider the changes generated by the upraising social technologies and the challenges brought by the interactive knowledge building within vast online communities.

This paper describes a study that compares the results of usability testing of mobile interfaces based on three different evaluation approaches: (i) using a computer-based mobile phone emulator inside the laboratory (ii) using a mobile phone inside the laboratory (iii) using a mobile phone linked to a wireless camera in the field. The results regarding user performance and usability problem identification showed the existence of more similarities than significant differences between the results of the three evaluation contexts. Moreover, in the simplest evaluation context of the emulator it was possible to identify a large percentage of the overall set of usability problems found.

We have developed a multimodal interface; Framy to effectively display large 2-dimenetional data sets such as geographical data on a mobile interface. We have now extended this to be used by visually-impaired users. A pilot study that we conducted, and the interviews with a group of potential stakeholders, helped us to detect some critical problems with the current interface, derive further requirements specific for visually impaired mobile users and re-design Framy accordingly.

Social networks popularity has been increasing on the Web over the last years. These web sites provide an easy way to share digital data between people with common interests. With this way of exchanging memories of personal experiences, large repositories of data are being created. Indeed personal media, like photos and videos, are excellent vehicles to exchange experiences, however to manage large multimedia databases suitable tools are needed. This paper describes a multimedia retrieval system to access the ...

Today's mobile devices have inherited many of the characteristics of desktop computing -including the assumptions that the user's full attention and dexterity can be focused on the interface. Unfortunately, on-the-go users are impaired by their mobility and often find desktop-style Windows Icon Menu and Pointer (WIMP) interfaces difficult, if not impossible, to use while performing their primary task (e.g. walking, having a conversation, fixing a copier, etc.). Instead of having interfaces that consume attention, why can't mobile devices be like a well-trained English butler who needs so little direction to satisfy his client's needs that he seems to read minds? Inspired by this concept, we will demonstrate mobile interfaces that provide valuable services while requiring little effort by the user.

The contact resistance of field effect transistors based on pentacene and parylene has been investigated by experimental and numerical analysis. The device simulation was performed using finite element two-dimensional drift-diffusion simulation taking into account field-dependent mobility, interface/bulk trap states and fixed charge density at the organic/insulator interface. The width-normalized contact resistance extracted from simulation which included an interface dipole layer between the gold source/drain electrodes and pentacene was 91 kΩcm. However, contact resistance extracted from the simulation, without consideration of interface dipole was 52.4 kΩcm, which is about half of the experimentally extracted 108 kΩcm. This indicates that interface dipoles are critical effects which degrade performances of organic field effect transistors by increasing the contact resistance. Using numerical calculations and circuit simulations, we have predicted a 1 MHz switching frequency for a 1 μm channel length transistor without dipole interface between gold and pentacene. The transistor with dipole interface is predicted, via the same methods, to exhibit an operating frequency of less than 0.5 MHz.

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) involves the injection of freshwater in an aquifer through wells for the purpose of creating a subsurface water supply that is recovered at a later time, often using the same wells, to meet seasonal, long-term, emergency, or other demands. In this paper a numerically efficient semi-analytical model is developed for predicting the quality of water recovered by an ASR system given data on the qualities of ambient and injected waters, hydraulic properties of the aquifer, ambient hydraulic gradient, and system operations. It is assumed the ASR well is installed in a stratified aquifer such that the semi-analytical ASR model (SASRM) simulates the fate of water injected under steady-state conditions into each stratum. It is also assumed that a sharp and mobile interface separates injected water from ambient groundwater such that in situ mixing of water within and between strata does not occur. SASRM assigns particles to define the location the interface in all strata and then follows the migration of these particles under ambient and induced flow conditions. During water recovery, the transient location of the interface is simulated in each stratum and this information is used to quantify the fractions of ambient and injected water extracted at the well-head and the quality of water recovered. To mimic the effects of dispersion, a Latin Hypercube sampling strategy is used to assign hydraulic conductivities according to a predefined probability distribution to the layers of a conceptually stratified aquifer. The volumetric fraction of water received or delivered from any given lithologic unit is assumed proportional to the transmissivity of the stratum normalized to the total aquifer transmissivity interrogated by the ASR well. SARSM is numerically verified against MT3DMS and then calibrated and validated using field data from an ASR system located in Boynton Beach, FL. The field demonstration shows SASRM is capable of predicting effects of apparent dispersion and rapidly executing 100-layer ASR simulations that are generally difficult to perform with typical numerical transport models like MT3DMS.

New digital media offers use many opportunities to record, organise and review our activities, communications and thoughts. Much of this activity is conceived of in terms of 'real-time'communication, or abstract, disembodied information access. However, we propose that Web2. 0 and personal mobile media are having important implications for collective memory practices. We need to understand how this is happening, and how ICT can design to support memory practices within the context of particular of communities and localities. ...

The user interfaces for mobile devices generally have space and entry restrictions. These restrictions often limit both the usage and usefulness of many mobile applications. The Context Reactive User Experience (CRUSE) is a user interface framework enabling the delivery of applications and services to mobile users in a standard usable form. CRUSE is designed to both maximize the amount of

We have developed a multimodal interface; Framy to effectively display large 2-dimenetional data sets such as geographical data on a mobile interface. We have now extended this to be used by visually-impaired users. A pilot study that we conducted, and the interviews with a group of potential stakeholders, helped us to detect some critical problems with the current interface, derive further requirements specific for visually impaired mobile users and redesign Framy accordingly.

Many systems are available for sightseeing information on mobile devices. The main drawback of such systems is that those systems are incapable of providing information according to users' feelings. In this approach, we are mainly considering on providing sightseeing information according to users feeling. We used "thought forms" (concatenation, balance, division, unification, crisscross), to add a swaying element within the word relationships. This paper describe a system where users can input their feelings and desired places information and the system returns an output where users can interact and explore more details. Users can also interact with the system using his/her mobile phone and obtain interesting information such as sightseeing information related to cultural heritage sites in Kyoto.

This paper challenges user interface paradigms for mobile devices, by using the technical classification of augmented reality interfaces as a 'thinking tool' to develop ideas for interaction with mobile devices. The paper presents future work scenarios from a wastewater treatment plant embodying PDA applications derived from the classification of augmented reality interfaces. The focus on physical interaction with objects of work and with the mobile device provides us with a range of interaction styles, based on e.g. gestures and manipulation of objects. Furthermore, issues of transparency and directness are addressed. The future scenarios indicate that the concepts of augmented reality support solving context problems in mobile design.

Mobile vision services are a type of mobile ITS applications that emerge with increased miniaturization of sensor and computing devices, such as in camera equipped mobile phones, and appropriate adoption of advanced computer vision methodologies. The interpretation of mobile imagery with reference to geo-coded information from augmented city maps offers new applications. In this paper we describe a central component in mobile geo-service application, the Mobile Mapping Data Warehouse (MOMA) as developed by Tele Atlas, and associated prototypical mobile vision services that make use of MOMA features and cognitive vision technology, such as, (i) vision based geo-indexed object recognition, (ii) image based localization, and (iii) hyperlinking reality via camera phones. We demonstrate the applicability of the state-of-the-art mobile vision technology and outline a roadmap towards the realization of future mobile ITS applications.

In this paper we propose the use of specific mobile system architecture for navigation in urban environments. The aim of this work is to evaluate how virtual and augmented reality interfaces can provide location and orientation-based services using different technologies. The virtual reality interface is entirely based on sensors to detect the location and orientation of the user while the augmented reality interface uses computer vision techniques to capture patterns from the real environment. The knowledge obtained from the evaluation of the virtual reality experience has been incorporated into the augmented reality interface. Some initial results in our experimental augmented reality navigation are presented.

Mobile learning has been receiving increased attention from diverse conferences and publications. The attention is well deserved because, if correctly implemented, it constitutes an efficient complementary tool to the traditional learning methods. Following this idea, we present PortableLab, a mobile learning system that integrates an application developed for mobile devices with Google Android operating system. PortableLab allows students to analyze several poor quality power supply occurrences. For this, the mobile remote laboratory has to connect to a database server where real-time measured data is stored by a local signal processing module. The mobile application was designed as a complementary mean to the classic laboratory lessons. The developed system is a step forward in the development of mobile learning courses, presenting new contents directed for a 'hot' platform. This paper describes the system, giving special focus on the system's overall infrastructure and the chosen technical solutions for the mobile application implementation, as well as on some preliminary results.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) allow the monitoring of activity or environmental conditions over a large area, from homes to industrial plants, from agriculture fields to forests and glaciers. They can support a variety of applications, from assisted living to natural disaster prevention. WSNs can, however, be challenging to setup and maintain, reducing the potential for real-world adoption. To address this limitation, this paper introduces SensorTune, a novel mobile interface to support non-expert users in iteratively setting up a WSN. SensorTune uses non-speech audio to present to its users information regarding the connectivity of the network they are setting up, allowing them to decide how to extend it. To simplify the interpretation of the data presented, the system adopts the metaphor of tuning a consumer analog radio, a very common and well known operation. SensorTune represents the first attempt to apply mobile sonification to the domain of WSNs. A user study was conducted in which 20 subjects setup real multi-hop networks inside a large building using a limited number of wireless nodes. Subjects repeated the task with SensorTune and with a comparable mobile GUI interface. Experimental results show a statistically significant difference in the task completion time and a clear preference of users for the auditory interface.

Multimodal conversational spoken dialogues using physical and virtual agents provide a potential interface to motivate and support users in the domain of health and fitness. In this paper we present how such multimodal conversational Companions can be implemented to support their owners in various pervasive and mobile settings. We present concrete system architectures, virtual, physical and mobile multimodal interfaces, and interaction management techniques for such companions. In particular, we present how knowledge representation and separation of low-level interaction modelling from high-level reasoning at the domain level makes it possible to implement distributed, but still coherent, interaction with Companions. The distribution is enabled by using a dialogue plan to communicate information from domain level planner to dialogue management and from there to a separate mobile interface. The model enables each part of the system to handle the same information from its own perspective without containing overlapping * Corresponding author logic, and makes it possible to separate task-specific and conversational dialogue management from each other. In addition to technical descriptions, we present results from the first evaluations of the Companions interfaces.

Smart wheelchairs are designed for severely motor impaired people that have difficulties to drive standard -manual or electric poweredwheelchairs. Their goal is to automate driving tasks as much as possible in order to minimize user intervention. Nevertheless, human involvement is still necessary to maintain high level task control. Therefore in the interface design it is necessary to take into account the restrictions imposed by the system (mobile and small), by the type of users (people with severe motor restrictions) and by the task (to select a destination among a number of choices in a structured environment). This paper describes the structure of an adaptive mobile interface for smart wheelchairs that is driven by the context.

This paper presents a focus+context visualization and interaction technique for displaying large lists on handheld devices. This technique has been specifically designed to fit the constraints of small tactile screens. Thanks to its spiral layout, it provides a global view of large lists on a limited amount of screen real-estate. It has also been designed to allow direct interaction with fingers. This technique proposes an alternative to multi-focus visualization, called "augmented context", where several objects of interest can be pointed up simultaneously. We propose two implementations of this approach that either use spatial or temporal composition. We conducted a controlled experiment that compares our approach to standard scrollable lists for a search task on a PDA phone. Results show that our technique significantly reduces the error rate (about 3.7 times lower) without loss of performance.

Nowadays, spatial data are totally widespread in mobile applications. They are present in games, map applications, web community applications and office automations. However this kind of spatial information potentially needs a large display area and the hardware constraint related to the limited screen dimensions creates many usability challenges. Our investigation in the last few years to find solutions to these challenges has led us to the discovery of general usability principles that a welldesigned interface should adopt. In this paper we describe the mental path we have followed to derive those principles from the experience gained in developing mobile interfaces for different application domains. The principles are formalized in terms of two interaction design patterns, specific for mobile interfaces managing spatial data. They extend existing HCI patterns and are completed, as usual, with concrete examples of their applications.

This paper presents TinyMotion, a pure software approach for detecting a mobile phone user's hand movement in real time by analyzing image sequences captured by the built-in camera. We present the design and implementation of Ti-nyMotion and several interactive applications based on TinyMotion. Through both an informal evaluation and a formal 17-participant user study, we found that 1. TinyMotion can detect camera movement reliably under most background and illumination conditions. 2. Target acquisition tasks based on TinyMotion follow Fitts' law and Fitts' law parameters can be used for TinyMotion based pointing performance measurement. 3. The users can use Vision Tilt-Text, a TinyMotion enabled input method, to enter sentences faster than MultiTap with a few minutes of practicing. 4. Using camera phone as a handwriting capture device and performing large vocabulary, multilingual real time handwriting recognition on the cell phone are feasible. 5. TinyMotion based gaming is enjoyable and immediately available for the current generation camera phones. We also report user experiences and problems with TinyMotion based interaction as resources for future design and development of mobile interfaces.

The LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface provides a unique platform for controlling the electronic properties of the superconducting semiconductor SrTiO 3. Prior investigations have shown that two-dimensional superconductivity can be produced at the LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface and tuned electrostatically. The recently demonstrated reversible control of the metal-insulator transition at the same interface using conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) raises the question of whether this room-temperature technique can produce structures that exhibit superconducting, normal metallic and insulating phases at sub-Kelvin temperatures. Here we report lowtemperature magnetotransport experiments on conducting structures defined at an otherwise insulating LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface. A quantum phase transition associated with the formation of Cooper pairs is observed in these predefined structures at sub-Kelvin temperatures. However, a finite resistance remains even at the lowest temperature. At higher magnetic fields, interfaces with high mobility also exhibit strong Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations as well as a larger Ginsburg-Landau coherence length. Cooper pair localization, spin-orbit coupling, and finite-size effects may factor into an explanation for some of the unusual properties observed.

In this paper, we propose the use of specific system architecture, based on mobile device, for navigation in urban environments. The aim of this work is to assess how virtual and augmented reality interface paradigms can provide enhanced location based services using real-time techniques in the context of these two different technologies. The virtual reality interface is based on faithful graphical representation of the localities of interest, coupled with sensory information on the location and orientation of the user, while the augmented reality interface uses computer vision techniques to capture patterns from the real environment and overlay additional way-finding information, aligned with real imagery, in real-time. The knowledge obtained from the evaluation of the virtual reality navigational experience has been used to inform the design of the augmented reality interface. Initial results of the user testing of the experimental augmented reality system for navigation are presented.

The direct impact of the SiO 2 /4H-SiC interface state density (D it ) on the channel mobility of lateral field-effect transistors is studied by tailoring the trap distribution via nitridation of the thermal gate oxide. We observe that mobility scales like the inverse of the charged state density, which is consistent with Coulomb-scattering-limited transport at the interface. We also conclude that the D it further impacts even the best devices by screening the gate potential, yielding small subthreshold swings and poor turn-ON characteristics.

Much of the mobile work by HCI researchers explores a future world populated by high-end devices and relatively affluent users. This paper turns to consider the hundreds of millions of people for whom such sophistication will not be realised for many years to come. In developing world contexts, people will continue to rely on voice-primary interactions due to both literacy and economic reasons. Here, we motivate research into how to accommodate advanced mobile interface techniques while overcoming the handset, data-connection and user limitations. As a first step we introduce TapBack: back-of-device taps to control a dialledup, telephone-network-based voice service. We show how these audio gestures might be recognised over a standard telephone connection, via users' existing low-end devices. Further, in a longitudinal deployment, the techniques were made available on a live voice service used by rural Indian farmers. Data from the study illustrates the desire by users to adopt the approach and its potential extensions.

Mobility degradation due to generation of interface traps (Deltamueff(NIT)) is a well-known phenomenon that has been theoretically interpreted by several mobility models. Based on these analysis, there is a general perception that Deltamueff(NIT) is relatively insignificant (compared to Deltamueff due to ionized impurity) and as such can be safely ignored for performance and reliability analysis. Here, we investigate the importance of considering Deltamueff(NIT) for reliability analysis by analyzing a wide variety of plasma oxynitride PMOS devices using both parametric and physical mobility models. We find that contrary to popular belief this correction is fundamentally important for robust and uncorrupted estimates of the key reliability parameters like threshold-voltage shift, lifetime projection, voltage acceleration factor, etc. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a generalized algorithm for estimating Deltamueff(NIT) for plasma oxynitride PMOS devices and systematically explore its implications for NBTI-specific reliability analysis.