Medival Archaeology

This article examines the historical and architectural features of the Karakhan Mausoleum, located in the southern region of Kazakhstan. Situated in the historical district of the city of Taraz, this site is considered an outstanding monument of Central Asian architecture and is shrouded in legends associated with the Karakhanid dynasty. Although there are no specific documents confirming the exact construction date of the mausoleum, researchers, based on archaeological excavations and scientific data, attribute it to the 10th–12th centuries. Since the mausoleum was fully restored in the early 20th century, no precise records of its original form have survived. The primary objective of this study is to assess the changes the mausoleum underwent through various historical periods, its architectural and decorative features, as well as the impact of restoration efforts and Soviet-era religious policies on its original appearance. For this purpose, the research analyzes archaeological excavations conducted between the 19th and 20th centuries, archival materials, and records and notes of researchers, including the works of V. Pankov, V. Kallaur, I. Castagne, and T. Senigova. In addition, by examining the oldest photograph of the mausoleum from 1872 and the reconstruction results from 1906, the study examines the original appearance of the monument. The findings reveal that although various restoration efforts over time did not fully preserve its original structure, the architectural style and decorative elements still convey the cultural heritage of the Karakhanid era. It is noted that the current state of the Karakhan Mausoleum has retained its historical and cultural significance, emphasizing the need for further research.

Zie voor een uitgebreide toelichting van deze technieken p.248-249. afeelding©Saricon bv afeelding©Saricon bv Magnetometriedata: binnen de rode lijn zijn de ritmische refecties zichtbaar die te Radardata: de refecties in de 2 rode cirkels laten een duidelijke samenhang zien met de maken kunnen hebben met de voorganger van de schuilkerk. In de blauwe cirkel is de plattegrond van de kerk op de kaart uit 1821. In de blauwe cirkel is de locatie van de in locatie van de poer te zien die in 2018 is gevonden. 2018 gevonden poer te zien.

Deel van een mozaïekvloer met slibversierde vloertegels in Utrecht. Kelder met rechts onderin het 'schrobputje'. foto©C.van Rooijen Foto©Provincie Noord-Holland foto©gemeente Alkmaar Faience kan met 'putto' uit de beerput. Café-restaurant Koekenbier met links de parkeerplaats ( ). foto©gemeente Alkmaar foto©gemeente Alkmaar Het vondstcomplex Olofspoort bevatte huisraad uit de periode 1375-1425. De inhoud van de beerput werd integraal geborgen in bigbags en elders gezeefd.

Spectacular gold treasure discovered
At the end of 2020, archaeologists unearthed one of the largest gold finds in Danish history near Jælling, the oldest Viking royal residence in Jutland. The treasure, weighing almost 1 kg, dates back to the 6th century and consists of 22 medallions: bracteates, some with runic inscriptions, some Roman coins.

Spektakulärer Goldschatz entdeckt
Ende 2020 bargen Archäologen einen der größten Goldfunde der dänischen Geschichte in der Nähe von Jælling, der ältesten wikingerzeitlichen Königsresidenz auf Jütland. Der fast 1 kg schwere Schatz stammt aus dem 6. Jh. und besteht aus 22 Medaillons: Brakteaten, teils mit Runeninschriften, teils römische Münzen.

Archaeological excavations in Reusel (North-Brabant, the Netherlands) revealed a medieval church and a cemetery (10th-15th century AD) with 493 interments. Among these was an adult individual with severely shortened limb bones resulting in a stature estimate of 112.6 to 117.8 ± 3.27 cm. The bones of this individual were not in anatomical position, suggesting a secondary burial or disturbance of a primary burial when the first gothic church (15th century AD) was built. As a result, only a femur, humerus, ulna, clavicle, and partial pelvis were recovered. While the long bones of the upper and lower limbs are markedly shortened, and have additional morphological alterations, the clavicle is of more normal size and morphology, suggesting the individual was affected by a form of disproportionate dwarfism. A differential diagnosis finds the anomalies are most likely the result of the autosomally dominant mutation achondroplasia, a genetic disorder that occurs in about one in 10,000-40,000 births. Around thirty cases of achondroplasia have been reported in the archaeological record, with this individual being among the shortest yet documented. Examination of this individual contributes to our palaeopathological knowledge of dwarfism and sheds light on how Dutch medieval society regarded such individuals.

inhoud 4 | Koetshuizen Tot nu toe bleven koetshuizen in de erfgoedzorg onderbelicht. Daarom gingen onderzoekers aan de slag, op buitenplaatsen en bij kastelen. 16 | 'Elementen van huizen' Wie in Den Haag bij minister Mona Keijzer op bezoek is, kan het reusachtige felgekleurde kunstwerk aan de muur niet ontgaan. Wat is dit? 20 | Romeinse resten Op de akkers en velden op de Riesenberg heeft hobby-archeoloog Huub Spronck al heel wat opgeraapt. Het is tijd voor onderzoek. De landhuizen van Groningen hebben vaak een middeleeuwse oorsprong. Het gebied rond deze borgen heeft er vanouds een nauwe relatie mee.

This research report details the history of a medieval boundary cross on Ferrybridge Road Pontefract. The socket stone is known as Stump Cross or Ralph’s Cross and only the base remains in situ.
As the stone cross became damaged and fell into ruin over the centuries, it lost the cross-shaft and cross-head, most of the stones belonging to this medieval cross may have been used to build field walls, and today only two cross-shaft fragments have survived. One of them was taken to Darrington Church and the other was built into a stone wall at Bubwith House Farm.

According to the archaeological investigations at Borgundkaupangen in Aalesund, 27 wells from the Viking age and the medieval period has been identified (Approx. 975-1450 CE). The wells have been constructed differently and have all a different location in the terrain. This thesis has tried to define the construction method of these wells, and to look at some of the possible functions of some of the wells. For this MA-work, several methods have been used to answer the dissertation's issues. The first is to look at the available documentation from the Borgund excavations to define different weel-constructions. The second is to look where the wells are placed in the terrain and in connection with associated buildings from the same period, to try to determine if some of the weels can be provided an function. Some archaeological finds can also symbolize the use of water in 2 of them, and are therefore also presented in this thesis. The second is to compare the well material from Johansen`s (2013) master's thesis on medieval wells in Bergen. In the analyze, I will also use wells found in the old Oslo and the trading place Kaupang in Vestfold county. In the comparative analysis, I will try to define the different type of wells, and how they are constructed. I will also try to see if the material could have been produced in the local area, and if the material are a part of second use patterns. According to the documentation of wells at Borgund and other places in Viking/medieval settlements and medieval towns, wells has also been used to other activities, than store water. This MA has also tried to investigate this, and it is clear that a big part off the wells can have been used as cisterns and latrines after the wells was out of use as water resources.

Plavinski M. The Main Phases in the Development of the Burial Rites of the Late First Millennium to Early Second Millennium Slavic Population of the Upper Viliya (Neris) Region, in: R Jonaitis, I Kaplūnaitė (eds), From Paganism to Christianity Burial Rites During the Transition Period, Vilnius, 2024.

The main objective of this article is to summarise the results of long-term research into Upper Viliya (Neris) region Slavic burial sites from the late first and early second millennium, and to identify the main periods in the development of the burial rites of the population of this region. By territory of Slavic settle ment in the Upper Viliya region, we mean the region in the upper reaches of the Viliya (Neris) and its tributaries approximately up to the confluence of the Usha on the left and the Narach (Narachanka) on the right. In the development of burial rites, three main periods can be distinguished: period 1 covers the third quarter of the first millennium; period 2 can be dated to the last quarter of the first millennium or, more correctly, from the eighth (?) or ninth century to the beginning or the first half of the 11th century; and period 3 is the 11th and 12th centuries.

The article presents the results of archaeological rescue excavation, which was situated in the northtern
part of historic center of Mohelnice, on Svobody Square no. 931/22, on the back of plot no. 34. This
location is near the presumed bishop’s residence on the eastern edge of Church Square (in written sources
mentioned as a house or castle). The Slavic settlement named Mogilnici can be found in written sources as
early as 1141, but the town was founded here sometime before 1273 perhaps before the first half of the 13th
century. During archaeological excavation in 2014, situations of the colonization horizon were probably
found. There were discovered substantial parts of two wooden-clay basements. Their destructive backfills
contained pottery dating to after the middle of the 13th century. One of the basement was disturbed by
younger waste pits, whose backfills contained representative sets of ceramics, dated approximately to the
turn of 13/14th century, no later than the first half of the 14th century. Another four pits and several
sunken objects, which can be dated to the course of the 14th century, were also captured in the excavated
area. This is evidenced by the change in the organization of urban plots (plot?) in the last quarter of the
13th century, when the originally residential part became a sanitary and production part, as the defunct
houses were soon replaced by the waste pits. This change is probably related to the reorganization of the
primary functioning of the original location plots in the city in general, for example in connection with
the transformation of the pre-location settlement connected to the bishop’s district into an institutional
city, which took place during the second half of the 13th century. Alternatively, it may reflect the decline in
the importance of the bishop’s residence at the beginning of the 14th century, when at least part of it came
into use by the town bailiff.

The ancient city of Nikaia is well known in Christian circles as the place from which an early and important statement of faith
was issued: The Nicene Doctrine. The remains of the basilica church were discovered approximately in 2 meters of depth,
and 30 m from the shore of the İznik Lake, outside the city walls that surround the ancient city of Nikaia in 2014. Excavation
questions include to whom the structure was dedicated, why and when the church was demolished and submerged under the
waters of the lake.
Metropolitan Municipality is supported an underwater museum on the coast. The museum will consist of three parts: excavation
depots and offices so that the excavations can continue, exhibition and conference areas in the museum, and a rest area.
In addition, the area where the ruins are lied will be opened to visitors. It is provided a pier where visitors can walk up to the
ruins. If anyone wishes, the ruins will be able to visit with scuba diving in the underwater. We are considering underwater
walking ranges. Thus, visitors will be able to visit underwater by walking. If the water level gets high enough again, we are
planning to put a glass aquarium without water in the shape of a room in the middle nave in front of the apse. Thus, anyone
who wishes can go down to the room and pray. Surely two or three at the same time.

The Japanese wing of authors, in a collaborative effort with a geographer team from Süleyman Demirel University (led by Ass. Prof. Çetin Şenkul), has been conducting paleo-environment research of the Akarçay basin (the province of Afyonkarahisar, Turkey) since 2019, involving high-resolution scientific analyses of sediment cores collected from Eber Lake (anc. Lim. Askanios) into which the Akarçay (anc. Kaystros) river flows. As the research progressed, they became acutely aware of the necessity of archaeological research in collaboration with the Bolvadin Üçhöyük ve Çevresi Kazı ve Araştırmarı project team (led by Prof. Özdemir Koçak, Selçuk University), especially at the Dura Yeri / Hacı Murat site, the most significant ancient/medieval settlement of Polybotos among those close to the lake (MAP 1). The research is expected to provide them with fundamental information for evaluating anthropogenic activities' impacts on the district's paleo-environment and vice versa, those of the changes in the natural environment on human network formation from time to time for more than 1500 years by making a more profound understanding of scientific data from the last two meters of the sediment cores possible 1. Two teams agreed to conduct preliminary research together on the site in 2024 to determine where to start excavating. This paper intends to suggest two meaningful approaches in their ways and discuss which is more desirable for the authors' team's purposes and if the two are compatible, though just based on the currently available information.

Edward the Confessor’s death and Harold’s accession to the throne in January 1066 led to three major English battles; two were led by Harold Godwinson, the Saxon King of England and two were fought in Yorkshire. The first one was the Battle at Fulford, on the outskirts of York, fought on 20th September. The second battle was at Stamford Bridge on 25th September and the final battle was at Hastings on 14th October. Of these three battles the first one at Fulford is often forgotten and overshadowed by the other two battles of 1066 at Stamford Bridge and finally and most famously Hastings which is described through the images of the Bayeux Tapestry. The Stamford Bridge Tapestry tells of some of the events that took place in Yorkshire and the story of the battle at Fulford.

The article discusses the main hypotheses of the emergence of ceramic production in the territory of Southern Belarus. The authors relate the appearance of ceramics, the main sign of the beginning of the Neolithic for the forest zone of Eastern Europe, to impulses originating from the Southern Bug and Dniester. The Early Neolithic of the south of Belarus is represented by the Pripyat-Neman, Eastern Polesie, Upper Dnieper cultures and monuments of the Strumel-Gastyatin type. The first ceramics, according to the current dates from the territory of Belarus and the Belarusian-Ukrainian borderland, appears in the south of the republic in the middle of the second half of the VI millennium BC. The idea of making ceramics penetrates into Western Polesie from Volyn, and into the southwest of Belarus – through the Dnieper. Ceramics of the Dubichay and Strumel-Gastyatin types are formed under the influence of representatives of the Samchinskaya phase of the Bug-Dniester culture. Subsequently, the pottery production technology spread to the territory of Lower Pripyat, where the Eastern Polesie culture was formed. The Upper Dnieper culture began to form in the middle of the V millennium BC under the influence of an impulse that went from east to west through the Desna.

Ce projet de recherche bénéficie du soutien des institutions et des associations suivantes, que nous tenons à remercier : Couverture Photographie de l'une des maisons du village de Fang/Tiébagette (C. Cramatte) ; plan et élévation du Baillos de Vissoie (L. Blondel).

Kalyan, one of the ancient port cities of Maharashtra in India, gained importance after the fifteenth century. It was one of the important ports and trade centers during early historic times especially the Satavahana and Post-Satavahana periods corroborated by the epigraphic and foreign travel accounts. The medieval period from the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries, was also an essential phase in the history of Kalyan. During the course of this time, with alternating political powers and vibrant trade activities, the city was attracted by the different communities. The differences in the trading communities and political changes were chronologically reflected in the settlement pattern of old Kalyan. This can be traced with the help of dispersed monuments in the remaining urban settlements. Hence, the present research paper studies the changing medieval settlement of Kalyan from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century by using old monuments as a key element.

There are two late medieval cross grave slab covers in the ruined church of St. Thomas à Becket, Heptonstall in West Yorkshire. These are rectangular floor stones cross slabs and are probably 15th or 16th century rather than earlier medieval. This report also includes the history of the church and a note on David Hartley’s gravestone that is in the graveyard of St. Thomas à Becket church. David Hartley, known as ‘King David’, was of the infamous Cragg Vale Coiners who was executed at York in 1770.

From the later decades of the twentieth century, the intensive archaeological investigations have been carried out in the interfluvial region of the Ajay-Damodar. The present article reviews the architectural characteristic of the early medieval brick-built Jain temple at Satdeulia in East Bardhaman district along with the Jain sculptures from the vicinity of the temple found at different times. Since the second half of the nineteenth century, the idea of the sculptural heritage of early medieval Bengal has been changed. Especially in eastern India and Bengal it has become an area of interest for antiquarians. Various types of pottery have been recovered from the villages adjacent to the temple and its surroundings, which are also undoubtedly significant. The features of the temple, the analysis of the Jain sculptures found and above all the pottery shed light on the archaeological importance of the site.

Only one large fragment of this medieval jug survives which is of the complete handle and part of the rim. It was found in Greengate, Malton in 1893 which is located in the centre of Malton. The globular-like jug could have been a product of the Brandsby kilns dating to the later 14th century.

During archaeological excavations at the Malton Roman Fort in North Yorkshire between 1927 and 1930 by Dr John Kirk and Philip Corder found several pottery sherds of the thirteenth and fourteenth-century. They are mostly rims of cooking pots or storage jars discovered in the disturbed Roman deposits in the area of Malton Castle. At this time the excavation was focused on Roman finds so the significance of the sherds was not fully realised, although they were kept separate from the Roman finds. One of the fragments from the excavations was identified as a spout from a medieval pottery aquamanile. It can be quite difficult to identify fragments from aquamaniles however, this fragment looks as though it should be part of an aquamanile which has a spout through which water could be poured. This spout fragment from a medieval pottery aquamanile is of some archaeological importance, as with other aquamanile in Yorkshire. They serve to illustrate the wide area of distribution of better quality ceramics being produced by potters working in Yorkshire during the thirteenth and fourteenth-century.

York’s Medieval City Walls are the longest of any town in England and are famous for the gateways into the city called Bars. York has been defended by walls since Roman times they were covered over by successive earth ramparts with the arrival of the Vikings in AD 866. These earthen ramparts were heightened again by the Normans who also built new gateways in stone. The walls have protected York, first from the Scots, when in 1319 an army led by the Earl of Moray reached the gates hoping to capture Queen Isabella and keep her hostage; and then Parliamentarians, who besieged the city in 1644. The final threat to the city defences came in 1745 when the Jacobite army of Charles Stuart threatened to attack; the walls were repaired, although the threat eventually came to nothing. Minor damage to the walls was done in the 1800s but most of the medieval walls, gates and towers still exist today.

Bu kitabın bütün hakları İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi Yayınları'na aittir. Kaynak gösterilerek tanıtım için yapılacak kısa alıntıların dışında yayıncının izni olmaksızın kitabın tamamı ya da bir kısmı hiçbir yolla çoğaltılamaz, dağıtılamaz ve yeniden elde edilmek üzere saklanamaz. İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi Yayınları, İzelman AŞ'nin bir markasıdır.

Историчарот Прокопиј од Кајсареа, во своето дело De aedificiis, неодредено ја спо- менува местоположбата на кастелот Бедеријана, од каде потекнува Вигилантија, мајката на источно римскиот император Јустинијан. Со потрагата по точната местоположба на Бедеријана се занимавале А.Џ. Еванс, И. Микулчиќ, Томо Томоски, Кирил Трајковски, Бошко Ангеловски со Игор Толевски. Главен кандидат за убикација- та на Бедеријана е Маркови Кули, Летевци, моќно утврдување сместено во тешко проодната Бадерско-Пчињска Клисура. Тимот на К. Трајковски откри три монети на Анастазиј, Јустинијан и Јустин II. На овој локалитет, тимот на В.Л. Адамс со В. Атанасов, А. Илиевски и И. Ширтовски, открија дополнителни 12 монети од VI век н.е. Во специфична анализа на локалниот релјеф, локалните патишта, изворите Прокопиј и Tabula Peutingeriana, предложени се заклучни резултати кои говорат во прилог на можна убикација на кастелот Бедериана на локалитетот Маркови Кули, Летевци.
Клучни зборови: Прокопиј, кастелот Бедериана, Вигилантија, Јустинијан, Појтин- герова Карта

The historian Procopius of Caesarea, in his work De aedificiis, vaguely mentions the site of the Bederiana castle, where Vigilantia, the mother of the Eastern Roman Emperor Justin- ian, came from. The search for the exact location of Bederiana was handled by A.J. Evans,
I. Mikulčić, Tomo Tomoski, Kiril Trajkovski, Boško Angelovski with Igor Tolevski. The main candidate for the location of Bederiana is Markovi Kuli, Letevci, a powerful fortification located in the difficult-to-pass Badersko-Pčinjska Gorge. The team of K. Trajkovski discov- ered three coins of Anastasius, Justinian and Justin II at this site; the team of V.L. Adams with V. Atanasov, A. Ilievski and I. Shirtovski, discovered an additional 12 coins from the 6th century AD. In a specific analysis of the local relief, the local roads, the sources of Procopius and the Tabula Peutingeriana, conclusive results have been proposed that speak in favor of a possible location of the Bederiana castle at the Markovi Kuli site, Letevci.
Key words: Procopius, Bederiana Castle, Vigilantia, Justinian, Tabula Peutingeriana

A new section with a length of about 30 m from the northern fortress wall has been excavated (fig. 1). About 32.50
m east of the northwest corner of the fortress a trapezoidal tower bastion has been revealed with an area of 4.35 m2 (figs
1, 2). The tower has been structurally connected to the fortress wall and was build with the same type of medium- and
large-size broken stones, bound with white mortar.
Four new graves from the 13th c. have been explored in front of the outer face of the northern fortress wall (fig. 1).
In the southern suburb, a part of a building with a rectangular plan, oriented E–W has been excavated during
the first archaeological surveys. A total of 12 grid-squares have been explored during this season (figs 4, 5). Several
construction stages of the building have been established without being accurately dated, due to the already disturbed
area and its poor state of preservation. The excavated materials date to the first half of the 13th c. The building should
be dated to the same period.
Some pits have been explored to the west of the building (fig. 4). Pit No. 3 has been partially excavated. The pit
can be dated to the 2nd–1st c. BC on the basis of two amphora handles with anepigraphic seals and a lead imitation coin
of Odessos. To the west, a later pit, AMS dated (1040–1210 cal. AD), has been dug into the southeast corner of grid-square
No.

VŸŸ9. A part of a ceramic caldron with holes for hanging on the inner side of the rim has been found among
the material, allowing this pit to be associated with a long-lasting Pecheneg settlement in the area.
In 2019, 173 coins have been registered. A specific series of Bulgarian imitative coins – type C, should be noted.
They suggest that in the area of the settlement or inside the fortress a mint for copper coins existed in the period 1210–1215.

In 1996, an archaeological trial excavation prior to an expansion of the Viking Centre in Lustrupholm led to the discovery of among other things a 54-m long, approximately N-S-oriented post-built house from the Middle Ages. The find gave rise to continued investigations, and in subsequent years the remains of aby Danish standardsvery extensive series of buildings were excavated. This can be identified from written sources as a farm site belonging to the Bishop of Ribe. The article presents the results of the archaeological investigations up to 2007. One or two large houses from the 1100s were succeeded around 1200 by a two-winged post-built complex which was expanded in later years with a brick-built house and a number of other large buildings apparently constructed according to a great variety of principles. The complex appears to have been demolished before the end of the thirteenth century.

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.dnb.de> abrufbar.

The sculpture of Richard III is by Linda Thompson and was erected in 1996, long before Richard’s remains were found and excavated in 2012 on the former site of the 13th century Grey Friars Church in Leicester situated under the City Council’s car park. In 1996 Linda only had portraits and paintings to work on to interpret his figure and facial features. These show Richard as being too old, he was aged 32 when he died. Fortunately, these hideous symbolic images are placed at the back of the statue and are barely seen from the front. The figures are supposed to represent the two mischief-makers of legend and imagination, which have previously been associated with Richard, but are very controversial and give a negative and dangerously wrong impression of Richard III.
Richard’s reputation so much disputed and contested will like so many figures in history continue to clarify and evolve. Now that we know where King Richard III is buried with his true facial and physique, and also with new documentary evidence research by Philippa Langley of the Richard III Society strongly indicates that the ‘Princes in the Tower’ were not killed by order of Richard III, history books will have to be rewritten. Richard III Society plans to replace the current sculpture with a statue that would represent a more favourable Richard III.

in i storia cera m lCI I , ca h lele ocu pă un loc pe cît de i nteresant pe atît de puţi n stud i at. S m ă l ţu ite, m i ca sate sau d i n a rg i lă s i m p l ă , prin teh n ica de execuţie, va rietatea moti velor decorative �i efectele pol icrome, m u lte exe m p l a re pot fi dal sl atJ e I Î n categoria produselor a rtistice. Apa riţia lor este legată de evo l uţia formei �i teh n icii de construcţie a sobelor, ca re, Începînd din seco l u l a l X I V-l ea , a u Î n l ocuit vetrele � i c u ptoa rele d i n zidă rie s a u pămînt bătut'. N o u l ti p de sobă era com pus d i n două pă rţi : cea i nferioară , de formă cu bică (ca mera de co m b u st i u ne) �i cea s u perio a ră de fo rmă c i l i n d rică (a fumurilor), a m bele fiind i nteg ra l placate cu cahle. in E u ropa ce ntra l ă , primele atel iere de prod ucere a cah lelor a u l uat fii nţă În p reaj ma curţilor rega l e ş i a ca ste lelor nobi l i a re şi au l ucrat În exc l u sivitate În fu ncţie de ceri nţele �i exigenţele a cestora . in seco l u l al X IV-lea şi Î n seco l u l a l XV-lea, activitatea cera m i ştilor s -a exti n s �i Î n centrele provi nciale pri n atelierele a l e că ror prod use e ra u a d a ptate g u sturi l o r şi tra d iţi i lor loca le. Treptat, Î m preună c u n o i le tipuri de sobă , ca h l!=le a u pătruns Î n locui nţele po p u l a" ţiei oră şeneşti În stă rite, i a r În seco l u l al XVI I -lea ş i Î n casele ţă ră ne�ti. Pentru sati sfacerea cerinţelor a cestei u ltime categorii soci a l e au l ucrat me�terii d i n centrele de producţie rura l ă . C e l m a i s i m p l u şi cel m a i vech i s i stem de orna menta re a cah lelor se rea l iza prin Însăşi forma ti paru l u i În ca re a cestea era u modelate. Cu ti m p u l , reperto ri u l motivelor d eco rative Întrebui nţate În Înfrum useţa rea s u p rafeţei ca h le i s-a Î m bogăţit, deve n i n d foa rte va riat. i n centru l �i s u d estul E u ropei (zone geog rafice Î n ca re se Înca d rează �i T ra n s i lva n i a), se con stată , din momentu l a pa riţiei cahlelor ca p rodus me�te�ugă resc loca l , prezenţa mai m u ltor g ru pe sau " şco l i " , dife renţi ate unele de a ltele d i n pu nct de vedere a l rea l iză rii teh n ice ş i a l sti l u l u i decorativ. P ri m a g rupă Însu mează plăcile cera m ice a căror deco raţie a fost i nfl uenţată de a rta gotică . Cahlele ce-i a pa r ţ i n sînt ornamentate cu reprezentă ri a l e unor scene d i n viaţa medieva lă cava lerea scă , scene d i n Vech i u l �i N o u l Testa ment, i m ag i n i d e sfi nţi, i n semne hera l d ice, fig u ri a le g o rice, a n i m a l e rea le sau fa ntastice. D i n pu nct de vedere a l finisării ca h lelor, se rem a rcă �i Între b u i nţa rea s m a l ţ u l u i p l u m bifer cu colorit d o m i n a nt brun �i verde Î nch i s . A doua g r u pă de prod u se reflectă Î n s iste m u l lor de ornamenta re influenţa Rena�terii şi a pa re o dată cu sos i rea cera m i ştilor ita l ie n i la c u rtea reg e l u i M atei Corvi n , Î n seco l u l a l XV-lea2. in deco ra rea ca h lelor s e observă Între b u i nţa rea m a i rară a temelor de i n s p i raţie rel ig ioa să, În favo a rea rep rezentă rii unor scene din viaţa z i l n ică �i o m Oiti' vl ell olr Vlel gr etail e �i geo metrice. Mr ajol i<ca , I Sml a,l�ul l lPlrulm b i f:elr , �i ' de I I stJaln'il fer, folosite n u a n ţat -in com b i naţie sau În para lel -, au dat efecte coloristice foa rte reu şite feţei ornamentate a cah lei. La sfîrşitu l seco l u l u i a l XVI -lea ş i Î nceput u l seco l u l u i a l X' VIII-lr el a , G a b riel Bethlen, a poi G heorg h e Răck6zi r, A 1 Pa l Voit ş i I m re H a l i , Ancienes carreaux de poe/e hangrais, Ca rv, i n a , B u datpest, 1 963, passi m. P,enbr.u partea i ntrod uctivă privitoare la siste m u l d e construcţie ş i ,Ia evoluţi'a formelor sobelor con s, i de ră m va,labi,le pen(. nu T,ralnsi lva n ia Î,n,cheieri l e l a ca re s -a a j u n s i n a,c'est sens pentru Europa centra l ă . 2 Majol i, c' a -speci a l i tatea lacestor cer.a m:işti , i ta l ieni -este ema i l u i a l b rea l izat pe bază d e cosi, to.r ; a,cest p ro. cedeu teh n i c d e Înfru museţalre (] pi,esel'or •oem mi,ce o rămas m u ltă v,reme oipla,na j u l lor excl u s iv. La c u rtea regelui Matei Corv i n e i a u Înfii nţat primul atel ier d e majolică din E u ropa. Vezi Î n acest sens Pa l Voit ş i I m re Holl, op, cit, (atel i erele din secolele X I V-XV), 1 1 Î nfi i nţează , la Vinţul de Jos ş i respectiv l a S a rospatak, folo sind cera m iştii a n a ba pti şti refugiaţi În U ng a ri a , centre de prod ucere a cah lelor3. Motivele de deco ra re a ca h lelor produse de aceste atel iere era u excl usiv vegeta le şi geo metrice, cc racterizÎnd u -se pri ntr-o m a re prospeţime a cu lorilor smalţu l u i , În ca re ton u ri l e de g a l ben, verde, porto ca l i u , t u rq uo i se şi m a uve de mag neziu se detaşau pe fon d u ri a l be, sau p r i n rel iefu ri a l be p e fond a l bastru coba lt. O u ltimă g ru pă este reprezentată de piesele ce se Î nca d rează În categoria aşa -n u m ită a "cera m icii de sti l nou", rezu ltată din fuz i u nea elementelor decorative proprii a rtei Rena şte ri i cu cele de i nfl uenţă orienta l ă şi cu cele locale. Termen u l de cahlă derivă de la cuvîntul german Kache/ , p rel uat la rîn d u i său d i n l i m ba latină (cacca l us). Cah lele, ca produs meşteşugă resc, se ră s pîndesc din Germ a n i a În Boemia, Po lonia, Unga ria şi Tra n s ilvan ia4, fo los i rea lor genera l izÎn d u -se În această a rie Î n seco l u l al XVI-Ieas. 3 Membrii sectei habanilor a ll a ba,ptişti, refug iaţi i n U ngaria d i n Ita l i, a , prin Boemia, d i n p ri c i n a pe,rsecuţi i l or rel ig ioase -ce.ra m i şti spe c i a l i zaţi -, c reează motive decorative p roprii ş i de largă c i rcu laţie. Vezi În acest SE'ns Pal Voit ş i I m re Holl, ibidem. 4 Du năre N i colae, Calecţia de cahle a Muzeului etnografic ( lui,

Deel van een mozaïekvloer met slibversierde vloertegels in Utrecht. Kelder met rechts onderin het 'schrobputje'. foto©C.van Rooijen Foto©Provincie Noord-Holland foto©gemeente Alkmaar Faience kan met 'putto' uit de beerput. Café-restaurant Koekenbier met links de parkeerplaats ( ). foto©gemeente Alkmaar foto©gemeente Alkmaar Het vondstcomplex Olofspoort bevatte huisraad uit de periode 1375-1425. De inhoud van de beerput werd integraal geborgen in bigbags en elders gezeefd.

In een vorige kroniek werden al enkele munten besproken uit de nalatenschap van Udo Elspeet. Aan de drie vroegmiddeleeuwse munten die toen zijn besproken, kan een bijzondere vierde, vroegmiddeleeuwse munt, toegevoegd worden. Het zilveren muntje was nooit schoongemaakt, was nogal dof en donkergrijs van kleur en werd door de tweede auteur gevonden in een bakje met enkele keurloodjes van hetzelfde formaat. Hij zag echter direct dat het een sceatta was.

Wat is een pottenstapel?
Voordat we verdergaan over pottenstapels is een definitie hier op zijn plaats. Met pottenstapel wordt hier een aantal ingegraven inheems-Romeinse potten bedoeld, die boven op elkaar zijn gezet en waarvan de bodems zijn verwijderd. Daardoor is een holle koker gevormd, die in de meeste gevallen gefunctioneerd zal hebben als waterput. Alle zestien bekende pottenstapels komen uit Noord-Holland, waarvan dertien uit Velsen of Castricum.

Het onderzoek aan het Noordeinde in Monnickendam heeft veel informatie opgeleverd over middeleeuwse en 16e-17e eeuws Monnickendam. Hierbij kwamen bijzonder veel vondsten tevoorschijn waaronder houten constructie elementen van een middeleeuwse voorgevel. Aangezien Monnickendam net als veel andere middeleeuwse steden vooral bestond uit houten gebouwen, was een stadbrand direct fataal. Vooral in 1499 en vlak daarna branden grote delen van de stad af. Archeologisch onderzoek kan ons iets vertellen over hoe middeleeuws Monnickendam er ooit heeft uitgezien.

Spofforth Castle is a fortified manor house situated in the village of Spofforth in North Yorkshire. From the Norman Conquest until the 17th century, Spofforth was in the possession of the Percy family, one of the most important and influential families in the North of England. In 1924 Charles Henry, Baron Leconfield, transferred ownership of the site to the State by deed of gift. Today all that remains of Spofforth Castle is the west range which is rectangular in plan and built partly on a small rocky outcrop and overlooks the village. In 1965 the Ministry of Public Building and Works: Ancient Monuments and Historic Buildings published the only guide booklet on Spofforth Castle written by R. J. A. Bunnett, O. J Weaver and R. Gilyard-Beer and a set of black and white postcards. These have not been reproduced and are out of print.

Begraven bewoning uit de Vroege Middeleeuwen. Archeologische proefsleuven en opgravingen aan de Hoogeweg in Heiloo, plangebied Zuiderloo-Elzenwal (UWP 5), gemeente Heiloo auteurs M.F.P. Dijkstra/T.P. Moesker, met bijdragen van H. van Haaster, M. d'Hollosy, R.A. Houkes, E. Jansma, S. Lange, M. van der Linden, W. van der Meer en M. Stolk illustraties Diachron UvA bv / UvA-ACASA (A. Dekker, M. Dijkstra)/ L. van den Broek / M.H. Kriek / BIAX Consult / Restaura opmaak M.H. Kriek tekstredactie M.F.P. Dijkstra/K. van Straten in opdracht van gemeente Heiloo versie definitief, goedgekeurd door bevoegd gezag

Avec la collaboration de / met de medewerking van / in Zusammenarbeit mit : • Direction des Monuments et des Sites, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale / Directie Monumenten en Landschappen, Brussels Hoofdsteedelijk Gewest • Koninklijke Musea voor Kunst en Geschiedenis (KMKG) / Musée royaux d'Art de d'Histoire (MRAH) • Palais de Charles Quint asbl / Paleis van Keizer Karel vzw • Sercice public de Wallonie (DG04), Direction de l'Archéologie et Cellule Events • Dienst Stadsarcheologie, Stad Gent Omslag / Couverture / Titelblatt Charpente du bâtiment chaussée de Waterloo 824A-830 à Uccle / Gebinte van het gebouw Waterloosesteenweg 824A-830 in Ukkel Céramiques provenant des fouilles de l'impasse de la Barbe à Bruxelles / Keramiek afkomstig uit de opgravingen aan de Baardgang in Brussel Structure en brique sur le site de l'abbaye de Dieleghem à Jette : Bakstenen structuur op de site van de abdij van Dielegem in Jette Recherche archéologique du bâti, rue Marché-aux-Herbes 8-10 à Bruxelles : Bouwarcheologisch onderzoek, Grasmarkt 8-10, Brussel © SPRB-DMS / GOB-DML Tekst layout / Mise en page / Steitenlayout Concepcion Ortigosa (SPRB-DMS) Chronique-Kroniek-Chronik Archaeologia Mediaevalis 39 Archéologie du Moyen Âge et des Temps Modernes dans les trois régions belges et les pays limitrophes Archeologie van de Middeleeuwen en de Moderne Tijden in de drie Belgische gewesten en aangrenzende gebieden Mittelalterliche und Neuzeitliche Ärchäologie in den drei Belgischen Regionen

Short paragraph about an important medieval statuette found next to the Sárospatak parish church during the excavations in 1968.
The detailed description  can be read in a related paper: Gömöri János, A sárospataki Madonna. Művészettörténeti Értesítő 1975. 1. sz. 55-61.
The fragment of a Madonna statuette made of clay dated for the first half of the 15th century: Central European type of „Beatiful Madonna”, („Schöne Madonna”, „Szépmadonna”).

In 1963 and 1969 the late Dennis Turner carried out excavations of a medieval moated enclosure near Charlwood Surrey. In 1975 he appointed the writer to prepare all the illustrations for publication and to assist in identification and categorising the various types of medieval pottery.
The report was published in 1979 and provided an itemisation of the medieval pottery which illustrated the different types and the fabric examined. However, not all the pottery was given the attention it deserved, in particular a large aquamanile fragment, therefore this report concentrates on the aquamanile piece that requires further consideration.