Mechanical Engineering History Research Papers

The Mazda Rotary Engine: A Ten-Year Revolution

1978

Mazda Technical Information 1978 22 pages german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine > The Rotary is an Engine, not a... more

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Wankelmotor heute - Audi NSU (1977)

by frank herfert

1977

german version of "The Wankel Engine today" 1977 42 pages 1 » Drehen statt Stampfen - d. Chronik d. Erfindung 1 2 » Kreisverkehr - d. Arbeits- + Bewegungsprinzip 8 3 » Eine Bilanz - Eigenschaften + Probleme 11 4 » D.... more

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Από το Αυτοκίνητο «Μηχανή της Περιπέτειας» στο «Περίφημον Μηχάνημα» της Σιγαροποιίας: Κρίσιμα Επεισόδια από την Ιστορία της Τεχνολογίας στην Ελλάδα

by Christos Karampatsos

2016, From the Automobile as an "Adventure Machine", to the "Notorious Machine" of the Cigarette Making Industry: Crucial Episodes from the History of Technology in Greece

This essay takes the ‘Social Contruction of Technology’ dictum as a given. But what mainly concerns us here much more than this rather self evident truth, are the obvious accompanying questions: Exactly what sort of societies are the ones... more

This essay takes the ‘Social Contruction of Technology’ dictum as a given. But what mainly concerns us here much more than this rather self evident truth, are the obvious accompanying questions: Exactly what sort of societies are the ones ‘constructing’ our technologies? In what ways is our technical apparatus designed and constructed in order to fit in certain historically conditioned social relations? And more importantly: can the social construction of technology, not any more as a theorem to be proved, but as an undisputed social fact, be used so that the history of technology contributes to social and labor history?
The methods used here stem from the marxist history of technology and labor history as they came to be since the early ‘60s. These methods, as well as the reasons for their adoption are described in the first chapter of the essay. In the following chapters, these methods are enriched and applied through an accumulative process. Each chapter answers to historiographical questions posed by previous chapters, enriches our methods and poses questions of its own. For example, the introduction of the automobile in Greece during the turn of the century provides us with a notion that could be abridged as ‘international technical coinstantaneity’. Indeed, during the Second Industrial Revolution, various ‘new’ material apparatus and technical methods were diffused all over the world. At the same time large numbers of workers (many of them of greek origin) emigrated to the United States. The international diffusion of technical apparatus as well as the large shifts of labor immigration can be used in order to detect relations and differences between different countries. In our case they are used in order to dwell into some of the questions posed by Greek historiography from 1975 onwards.
The goals and methods of the second industrial revolution and their reflection on Greek historiography are dealt with in the third and fourth chapter of the essay. In chapter 3 the ‘taylorist’ movement is shown to be an ambitious ‘technopolitical’ project aimed at reclaiming control of the workplace. It is argued that this reclamation of the workplace could only be carried through by destroying old methods of work organization and at the same time by destroying what David Montgomery calls ‘functional autonomy’ of the workers. In chapter 4 we detect historiographical questions posed by greek historiography to which our methods can contribute. Such questions concern the existence – or inexistence – of a working class in Greece during the turn of the century, the supposedly ‘underdeveloped’ character of the greek industry, as well as the historiographical significance of the greek military entanglements in the Balkans from 1897 onwards.
Chapters 2 and 5 are dedicated to two case studies concerning the introduction of ‘innovative’ machinery in Greece during the beginning of the twentieth century. At the same time, our methods are used in order to dwell into the historiographical questions detected in chapters 3 and 4.
The case study presented in chapter 2 concerns the introduction of the automobile in Greece during the first decade of the twentieth century. The automobile is presented as a technical exrpession of a class conflict simmering in turn-of-the-century Athens. It is also argued that the automobile was conceived as a machine compatible with larger class and state concerns such as the homogenization of the Greek territory, as well as the preparation for the Balkan wars of 1912-1913.
The case study presented in chapter 5 concerns the introduction of cigarette making machines in Greece in 1910. An historical essay concerning the organization of labor and the introduction of the Bonsack cigarette making machine in countries such as Egypt, Spain and the U.S. from 1880 onwards, serves to better understand the organization of the workplaces of the Greek cigarette making industry during the same period. It is argued that cigarette making machines were introduced in Greece less as a means of efficiently producing cigarettes and more as a means for the reclamation of workplace control from skilled cigarette rollers. It is also argued that the control of the workplace exercised by Greek cigarette rollers during the turn of the century was equally based on a ‘technical’ knowledge of the production process, and on a ‘moral economy’, the two being irrevocably intertwined.
In chapter 6 the conclusions of our two case studies are used in order to answer the historiographical questions posed in chapters 3 and 4. We argue that the various Greek military entanglements are historiographically significant in order to understand processes usually considered to be ‘irrelevant to war’ such as turn-of-the-century Greek ‘touring and athletic clubs’, or the introduction of the automobile in Greece. We also argue that the working class was ‘happening’ in Greece during the turn of the century, not as the rise of large workers’ unions or as a concentration of large numbers of ‘industrial workers’, but as various forms of collective expression of material interests and as technopolitical methods of state repression. Finally, we argue that the usual historiographical connection made between greek ‘industrial underdevelopment’ and the ‘lack of skilled workers in Greece’ is mistaken. Not because of some supposed ambundance of skilled industrial workers in Greece, but because Greek historiography tends to perceive mistakenly the ‘skilled worker’ notion as it appeared in Greece and elsewhere during the second industrial revolution.
It is in such ways that the history of technology is used in order to contribute to historiographical questions posed by social history and labor history. The argument closes by indicating that such a contribution may indeed be particulaly up to date, in the sense that it can contribute to historiographical questions and answers relevant to today’s historiographical needs.

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The 1829 'Ordeal': The Historical Significance of the Rainhill Trials.

by Friedrich Newman

2013

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A history of numerically controlled machine tools

by Clive Ferguson

This historic article published in the Chartered Machanical Engineer (magazine of the London based Institution of Mechanical Engineers) provides the early technical history behind the development of computer numerically controled machine... more

The major technical developments on which nc is based were made during World War II, particularly in work concerned with high performance servo-mechanisms as used in remote gun laying by radar directors. The German V2 rocket and subse- quent development in the USA of guided ballistic missiles produced high performance hydraulic servo-mechanisms and founded the production of packaged electro-hydraulic servo- valves, components of many of the nc systems being produced today. However, without the pre-war advances in machine tool technology in the use of ball and roller bearings to drastically reduce friction and eliminate the ‘stiction’ in the leadscrews and slideways, the response time would have been very slow and the actuators powerful and therefore large and expensive. The recirculating ball leadscrew is illustrated in Figure 1 and various forms of ball and roller slideway elements are shown in Figure 2. alter the war, the aerospace industries required many compo- nents which at that time could only be copied from hand- produced master templates. These were inevitably expensive and subject to inaccuracies which were often unacceptable. The associated copying methods increased the problem of producing accurate workpieces. Then, in July 1949, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology undertook a project aimed at ‘The development of a system applicable to machine tools for control- ling the position of shafts in accordance with the output of a computing machine’. It is interesting to note that during the initial concept of nc computer numerical control was first considered, but because of the then high cost of computers, special purpose control units were used instead.

ach of the three machine-drive servo-mechanisms were similar in operation. Drive was provided by variable speed electro-hydraulic motors coupled to recirculating ball lead- screws. To measure the position of the table, cross slide and spindle, precision racks mounted on these sliding parts rotated position synchros via gear trains. Each synchro sent out an electrical signal corresponding to its position which was com- pared with the signal generated for that axis by the control unit (called the ‘Director’), The difference in the two signals, corres- ponding to the positional error, appeared as an ac voltage which after amplification controlled the speed of the drive motor. The data input system comprised a tape reader for automatic control and a set of switches for manual control. An artist’s impression of the machine is shown in Figure 3. Fig 3. Artist’s impression of the first nc machine tool.

Fig 2. Various forms of ball and roller slideway elements used to reduce friction and improve response time.

A further major development that began during this period was the ‘machining centre’. This is a machine which, in a single set-up, will automatically and without transfer of workpiece, perform a multiplicity of operations on each of a large variety of parts. Its main feature is a facility for automatically changing the cutting tools. One such system is shown in Figures 4a, b, c, and d. Figure 4a shows the tool selector arm locating both the used cutting tool and the tool for the next machining sequence. Figure 4b shows the selector arm after moving forwards to remove both cutting tools from their chucks and partially rotated. Figure 4c shows the selector arm rotated through 180° with the new tool positioned in the machine chuck and the old tool replaced in the transfer chuck. Figure 4d shows the new tool in position, the A point- -to-point system is used where accurate positional control is required only to place machine members in fixed positions (eg, to position a work piece under the drill bit). In between these positions the only requirement is that the machine members move rapidly from one point to another without the tool fouling the workpiece. Movements in more than one axis may occur simultaneously using separate control of each axis, or sequentially with a saving in control equipment at the expense of positioning time. The path taken between two points is generally unimportant but it is usually arranged that the points are always approached from the same direction along any axis in order to avoid backlash error.

Fig 5. Diagram showing nc systems within a ‘stand alone’ or dnc system.

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El Borde Libre y Félix Candela

by Luis Javier Sanz Balduz

La intención del autor, a la hora de escribir el siguiente artículo, es presentar del modo más asequible posible el análisis de borde libre en estructuras laminares mediante la teoría de la membrana, tomando como referencia principal las... more

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Bombeadora de Elorrieta / Elorrietako Bondeagailua. Zorrotzaurre, Bilbao.

by Joaquín Cárcamo Martínez

1996, Patrimonio Industrial de Bizkaia / Bizkaiko Industri Ondarea

Cuando la epidemia de cólera morbo de 1885 paralizó la industria y la minería vizcaínas planteando en toda su crudeza el tema de la salubridad pública, la población de Bilbao se abastecía todavía en parte de agua de la ría; de la misma... more

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A Survey of Rotary Type internal Combustion Engines with particular Emphasis on the NSU-Wankel Engine

by frank herfert

1966

Thesis by Hiriyur Veeranna Chandrashekar 1966 49 pages Pages » in PDF file 03 » Nomenclature 04 » Introduction 06 » Review of Literature 08 » Rotary Piston Engines 14 » Rotary Cylinder Engines 15 »... more

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Magical and Mechanical Evidence: The Late-Renaissance Automata of Francesco I de' Medici

by Lily Filson

In the realization of moving automata for Francesco I de' Medici's sixteenth-century Villa Pratolino outside of Florence, the memory of antiquity informed both the practical and theoretical operations of these " living statues. " The 1587... more

In the realization of moving automata for Francesco I de' Medici's sixteenth-century Villa Pratolino outside of Florence, the memory of antiquity informed both the practical and theoretical operations of these " living statues. " The 1587 description of the villa and its wonders, Delle Maravigliose Opere di Pratolino, & d'Amore by Francesco de' Vieri, associates magical traditions of statue animation with Renaissance automata in a passage that cites Aristotle's description, rooted in atomism and sympathetic magic, of the physical process by which Daedalus animated his legendary wooden Venus. From the fifteenth century onwards, the rediscovery and popularity of Neoplatonic and Hermetic philosophical texts in the Renaissance perpetuated Greco-Egyptian methods of investing man-made vessels, typically cult statues, with some kind of " life " from received celestial influences, thus manufacturing the " living gods " of antiquity. Simultaneously , mechanical texts which preserved mechanical devices and principles from ancient Alexandria were being assimilated to the engineering repertoire of Western Europe, and air and water were harnessed to impart movement to the early modern automata which graced Italian Renaissance hydraulic villas and gardens. For the court of Francesco I de' Medici, the division between our modern scientific concept of air and a metaphysical " spirit " was not yet drawn, and manipulating this occult " influence " was invested with a mastery of a far broader, unseen sphere. For the court philosopher De' Vieri, Neoplatonic and Hermetic writings furnished alternative and not necessarily contradictory understandings of various hidden forces which could cause statues to move. In the late sixteenth century, a much broader conception of " nature " allowed for the confirmation of invisible or " occult " phenomena which did not preclude the magical philosophy of antiquity from being related to the empirical discoveries being made via the production of new mechanical devices. De' Vieri's 1587 panegyric to Pratolino demonstrates that the mastery of mechanical as well as esoteric magical philosophy came to feature in the propaganda of the newly-invested Medici Grand Duke.

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IJIRAE:: Experimental Study of the Counter Flow Regenerator with Structure Packing

by IJIRAE - International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering

Regenerator is very important part of the desiccants dehumidifier system. It is used to regain the concentration of the solution by removing the moisture from the solution so that it can be reuse. The celdek pads as packing material and... more

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El estudio de los sistemas constructivos como método de conservación del patrimonio industrial de Granada

by Agustín Castillo-Martínez

La industria del azúcar de remolacha llevó la iniciativa en el principal proceso de generación de tejido industrial que se produjo en la provincia de Granada entre los años 1882 y 1929. Un estudio completo desde el punto de vista... more

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Die Kreiskolbenmotoren - Entwicklung + Forschung bei der Firma Toyo Kogyo K.K. (Mazda)

by frank herfert

1967

1967 german translation by Gustav Kraut original japanese text by Kenichi Yamamoto 41 pages > 1. Der bisherige Ablauf der Entwicklung > 2. Die Kuehlung » 2.1 Die thermischen Formveraenderungen » 2.2 Die Vorwaermung des... more

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Architectures and mechanisms. Water mills for cereal grinding and copper processing

by Stefano Brusaporci

2014, Edizioni Scientifiche e Artistiche

The paper presents a study on the mills on the Tordino river in the Abruzzo region (Italy). They are analysed as a synthesis of architecture, hydraulic works and mechanisms. Watermills are related to the geographic and economic... more

Fig. 1, 2: Comignano mill. Ruins of the building and the waterwheel. Tordino river springs between Gorzano (2.455 m) and Pelone (2230 m) mountains, peaks of the complex of Monti delle Laga, in the N ation Par k of Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga. The river has a catchment area of nearly 450 sq km, 1 stretches for about 60 km through the territory of Teramo province, until it flows into the Adriatic Sea. At first it has economy was Then the land becomes more Finally, after T Mills’ typolog Mills for grind based on scape its ing have a torrential regimen, by crossing an irregular mountain area, with marly limestone soils. The historical he exploitation of forest resources, breeding and small cultivation. characterised by hills, cultivated with wheat, olive trees, vines, and the course of the river regular, with less steep, richer in water. eramo city, the river goes down to the sea on alluvial soils, flowing in a wide and sinuous bed. ies, technologies and materials change according to the succession of landscapes along the river. horizontal water wheels: they allow to make the most of the scarce and fast regimes, and of the low dept of the watercourse. Only Spinelli mill has vertical wheel, used for copper processing, but its sited in the terminal part of the river, in an almost flat territory. Mills need hydraulic works that conform the context, such as conveying and drainage water channels, water storage reservoir, necessary to ensure a constant flow rate.

Fig. 3: Mills cataloguing card for data collection and analysis.

Fig. 5: Hydraulic works of Fioli mill: the diversion channel and the storage reservoir. A specific case study is offered by the mills of Comignano, Servillo e Cortino that use the waters of a tributary of the Tordino, a small mountain stream having for most of the year a very low discharge. Except in winter and spring periods of water abundance, these mills do not have the possibility to use the flow of the river to work in a continuous manner; therefore it is necessary to realize upstream the mill a large storage water reservoir, called “per le refogge”. The mills utilize the accumulated water in the reservoir until it is exhausted, then having to wait to fill up again. The working times are limited, whereas the water resource that can be used is related exclusively to the storage reservoir capacity of! the reservoir, estimated at about 900 cubic meters. According to the assumptions, it would have an uptime of the mill equal to the ratio between the volume of the reservoir and the outlet flow: t=V/Q=8h. It follows that in the summer and autumn the mill could be used only for a limited number of hours during the day. Probably it was to have a working cycle of a day: for 16 hours the reservoir was filled, while during the 8 hours the accumulated water was used to grind.

Fig. 6, 7: Di Giovannatonio mill. There are two grinding waterwheels.

Fig. 8: Axonometric scheme of a traditional cereal grinding watermill.

Fig. 9: Millstone for cereal grinding. Fig. 10: Metallic waterwheel of Faieto mill.

Fig. 11: Sabatini Bocci mill. Wooden mechanisms were replaced by cast iron ones.

Fig. 13: First floor of Villa Tordinia mill. Legenda: 1: copper processing room; 2: cereal grinding room; 3: water streams; 4: storehouse; 5: copper processing mechanisms; 6: grinding mills.

Fig. 14: Villa Tordinia horizontal water wheel for cereal grinding. Fig. 15: Villa Tordinia grinding mechanisms.

Fig. 16, 17: Villa Tordinia copper processing mechanisms. The hammer.

Fig. 18, 19: Villa Tordinia vertical waterwheel for copper processing and reconstructive scheme of mechanisms.

Fig. 20: Axonometric reconstructive scheme of copper processing mechanisms (re-worked version Clementi et alii 1985).

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Die Flammenausbreitung in einem Fremdzuendungs-NSU-Wankel-Motor (Mazda Rotary Egnine)

by frank herfert

1968

Flame propagation inside of a rotary engine - measurements ... translation by Gustav Kraut 1968 32 pages Japanese authors: T. Ishiwara M. Shimoji K. Tsuga german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor / Ionensonden (ion... more

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"Animación en 3D del artificio de Juanelo", en "Imagines Aqvam Flvminis. Reconstrucciones virtuales de Castilla a Lisboa. Miércoles 17 de marzo, 10.00-10.30, Seminario online UNED

by Daniel Crespo Delgado

La participación es gratuita hasta completar aforo online (200 personas). Toda la información para inscripciones, certificados y emisiones: C o mi t é A s e s o r : Y a y o A z n a r A l ma z á n [[UNED, IP del Proyecto I+D+i... more

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Einfuehrung in Prinzip + Aufbau des NSU/Wankel-Motors

by frank herfert

1966

german text by the department "TX" of NSU, written in 1966 41 pages Subject: Wankel Rotary Engine Covers geometry, mechanical design, gas + oil seals, water + air cooled rotary engines german keywords: Wankelmotor /... more

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IJIRAE:: ANALYZING THE CHARACTERISTIC OF VAPOR COMPRESSION HEAT PUMP SYSTEM

by IJIRAE - International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering

Synthetic refrigerant has better characteristic and technical properties compared to hydrocarbon refrigerant, odorless, non-toxic, easy to get and affordable price. However, hydrocarbon refrigerant is environmentally friendly but... more

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Vega y Ortega, Rodrigo y Alejandro García Luna, “`Los “soldados del abismo´ y los contenidos médico-farmacéuticos en El Minero Mexicano, 1872-1880”,

by Rodrigo Vega y Ortega

en Lucero Morelos y Rodrigo Vega y Ortega (coord.), Estudios históricos sobre la cultura mexicana en los siglos XIX y XX, México, Historiadores de las Ciencias y las Humanidades, A. C., 2014, pp. 17-44. ISBN: 978-607-9236-02-1. [Dictamen... more

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Revisiting the Iconic: the Excavation of the Reelfitz Pit Engine and the Newcomen Steam Engine in Cumberland, UK

by Michael Nevell

Examples of excavated 18th century stationary steam engine sites are very rare in Britain. This article records the rescue excavations ahead of road-building works of one such site in 1974-5 at Reelfitz Pit in Little Clifton, Cumberland.... more

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A FUZZY ENVIRONMENT STRATEGIES FOR OPTIMAL AGRICULTURAL LAND ALLOCATION IN KRISHNA DELTA

by IRJCS: : International Research Journal of Computer Science and

In India, Krishna delta is termed as a Rice bowl for supply of food grains in the country. In this paper, the data relating to the land and the different crops raised in the kharif and rabi seasons and the availability of water are... more

Figure 1: Crossover probability and fitness value SE QALGAMIVUIAL OULU Parametric study is carried out for the competitive strategy as presented below by varying different G: parameters; crossover probability (Pc), mutation probability (Pm), population size (Ps) and number o generations (Gn) to obtain the best set of GA parameters. Initially, the crossover probability is varied from 0.75 t 0.95 in steps of 0.01, keeping the other parameters constant as Pm = 0.01, Ps = 30 and Gn = 100. The variation o the fitness value and crossover probability is shown in figure 1. It indicates that the maximum value of fitness i obtained at crossover probability 0.88.

Similarly, mutation probability varies from 0.001 to 0.02 in steps of 0.001, keeping the other parameters constant to the values of Pc= 0.88, Ps=30 and Gn=100. The sensitivity of mutation probability on fitness value is shown in figure 2. It is observed that the maximum fitness value is obtained at mutation probability 0.01. Now by keeping the parameters Pc=0.88, Pm=0.01, Gn=100 the other parameter population size is varied from 4 to 36 in steps of 4. The sensitivity of the population size on fitness value is shown in figure 3. It is observed from the figure the population size is 30 for the maximum fitness value.

Finally the numbers of generations are varied from 10 to 150 in steps of 10, keeping the other parameters constant as Pc=0.88, Pm=0.01 and Ps=30. The sensitivity of the number of generations on fitness value is shown in figure 4. From the figure it is observed that the optimum number of generations is 130.

Level of achievement of objectives under different strategies is shown in figure 6. From the figure 6, it is observed that there is variation in level of achievement of the objectives with competitive strategy when compared to the other two strategies. It is also observed that production and profit are maximum with preferential strategy and fertilizer consumption is minimum with competitive strategy.

The mathematical models formulated for the competitive, compensation and preferential strategies are presented with a case study considering the agricultural data of Krishna Dist., Extreme solutions of the objectives are obtained by optimizing individual objectives subjected to the given constraints by using Genetic Algorithm approach. These solutions are useful in setting up the aspiration levels. The solutions are shown in table 1. Tahle 1: Extreme solutions obtained from single ohiective ontimization From the extreme solutions, higher and lower aspiration levels obtained for the objectives are shown below. Zimin =1,42,83,859; Zimax = 2,35,32,161, Zamin = 91,11,55,279; Zomax = 149,34,27,936, Z3min = 1,85,63,650; Z3max = 3,29,20,473 3.1.2 Formulation of Membership Functions Membership functions of fuzzy objectives are defined from the extreme solutions and are shown below.

The results exhibit that the total land allocated for eight major crops in two seasons for two varieties with competitive, compensation, and preferential strategies are 45.66%, 48.53% and 56.39% of land available respectively. It shows that there is an improvement of land allocation for majority crops in preferential strategy compared to the other two strategies. The results also show that there are notable changes occurred in the land allocations for various crops in different strategies.

Note: Figures within the parenthesis indicate the Percentage of attainment to its maximum or minimum value as of the case of the objective. Results obtained with preferential strategy indicate that 81% of land allocation is due to paddy, sugar cane, ragi and maize crops in kharif season. Paddy, sugar cane, ragi, maize in kharif season and maize in rabi season contributes 81% of profit in this strategy. Fertilizer consumption is contributed by paddy, sugar cane, ragi and maize in kharif season is 83%. Table 3 compares the objective values of profit, production and fertilizer consumption for three strategies and shows the attainment values of objectives.

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Revisiting the Iconic: The Excavation of the Reelfitz Pit Engine and the Newcomen Steam Engine in Cumberland, Uk

by Michael Nevell

2014, Industrial Archaeology Review

Examples of excavated 18 th century stationary steam engine sites are very rare in Britain. This article records the rescue excavations ahead of road-building works of one such site in 1974-5 at Reelfitz Pit in Little Clifton, Cumberland.... more

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Engineering History II

by Alexander Magoun

A livelier and more explanatory title would be "Lives of the Engineers and the Rise of the Great Powers," or "From Watt to Jobs: Engineers and the Rise of the Great Powers." This 1.0 version takes a biographical approach to the... more

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Varieties of Wonder. John Wilkins' mathematical magic and the perpetuity of invention

by Koen Vermeir and

2014, forthcoming in Historia Mathematica 2014

Akin to the mathematical recreations, John Wilkins' Mathematicall Magick (1648) elaborates the pleasant, useful and wondrous part of practical mathematics, dealing in particular with its material culture of machines and instruments. We... more

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“Descartes y los frutos de la mecánica: la conquista de la buena vida terrenal”, Quaderns de filosofia, vol.5, no.2, pp.29-48.

by Sergio García Rodríguez

2018, Quaderns de filosofia

Descartes y los frutos de la mecánica: la conquista de la buena vida terrenal Descartes and the fruits of mechanics: the conquest of the earthly good life Recibido: 2/3/2017. Aceptado: 25/7/2018 Resumen: El proyecto de Descartes profesa... more

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Obras hidráulicas de la Ilustración (con Bernardo Revuelta). TVE

by Alicia Camara

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Defining the Australian Mechanical Engineer

by Clive Ferguson

2006, European journal of engineering education

TABLE 1 - Major Employment Categories of US, UK and Australian Mechanical Engineers. Australia has considerably more mechanical engineers in the Mining industry than the UK or US but employment numbers fluctuate considerably from year to year. The industry has an aven greater proportion of new graduates but industry sources indicate great difficulty ir retaining these graduates for more than a few years’”. This reflects the financial attraction!! of this industry to younger single engineers more prepared to work in remote locations than those with spouses and/or children. ‘° For mining (excluding oil and gas) comparison of the APESMA Professional Engineer Remuneration Survey (for all engineers) with the average employment figures for graduate engineers from a time series study of APESMA Graduate Engineer Survey data shows significantly higher average graduate employment figures. The time series study also indicates significant year-to-year variation of graduate employment. 11Mining, Petroleum and Chemical engineers have recently been added to the Federal Migration Occupations in Demand List (MODL). 12]t is realistic to assume that the majority of UK engineers engaged in finance, insurance and real estate to be not engaged as mechanical engineers. Similarly the majority of US engineers in this categorv are engaged in real estate. Thus the adiusted figures exclude engineers engaged in

TABLE 2- Adjusted Industry Distribution of Mechanical Engineers}5,

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Architectures and mechanisms. Water mills for cereal grinding and copper processing

by Stefano Brusaporci

The paper presents a study on the mills on the Tordino river in the Abruzzo region (Italy). They are analysed as a synthesis of architecture, hydraulic works and mechanisms. Watermills are related to the geographic and economic historical... more

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Mechanical Fingerprints and the Technology of Nineteenth-Century American Erotica

by E. Haven Hawley

2004, University of Toronto Quarterly

American printers in the 19th century employed a variety of types of printing technologies. Two major streams of technical practice are represented by the Adams power press and the Hoe press. The latter press has been well documented, but... more

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Developing Attributes in Australian Mechanical Engineers: A role based study of Australian mechanical engineer attributes and the technologies used to deliver them through proximal and distance education

by Clive Ferguson

Since the late 1990s engineering institutions internationally have adopted a graduate attribute focus for course accreditation. The research presented here is unique in using a role-based analysis of the relative significance of an... more

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